07.定语从句含例题

Attributive Clause 定语从句

一、排除定语从句的可能：

1. 空格后句子完整，不缺乏任何成分时，

2. 没有先行词，又不以前句内容为先行词时，

3. 前面的先行词为fact，evidence等总括后面具体内容的名词时

e.g. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful in that it forces people to

test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.

The mere fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.

二、关系副词的选择when where why how

关系代词的选择指人who(m), whose, that, which

指物which, that, whose ( which/that 指人或物时可省略)

指概念as, which 作定语whose, which

三、关系代词that 与 which的区别

指人时：who: 1 一般情况下，指人即用who或whom

2 非限定性定语从句

which: 1 指人的品质时

2 非限定性定语从句中,先行词表示职业,职务时,尤其在从句中又作补语时

3 先行词性别不明时

that: 1 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语时

2 关系代词在定语从句中作there be 的真实主语时

3 先行词被形容词最高级only, very , all, any,等修饰时

4 先行词包含既指人也指物的并列名词时

指物时：which: 1 用于非限定性定语从句

2 直接用于介词后

3 先行词that, this 时

that: 1 先行词被all , any, every, some, (a) few, (a) little, much, no等修饰，

或先行词本身就是all, any, little, much, one, anything, everything, nothing

等不定代词时

2 先行词由序数词或next, last 修饰时

3 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

4 先行词被the same, only, very等强调词修饰时

四、关系代词前介词的选择

1.定语从句中名词、动词、形容词的搭配

e.g.They are the national heroes in whose honor a monument was built.

2.先行词表方式、工具、程度、速度、目的、时间、材料等时，由先行词决定

e.g.Can you see the way in which a computer works.

3. 介词＋which/whom前有名词时

e.g.We organize a training course, the purpose of which is to help our students pass CET-4.

We organize a training course, of which the purpose is to help our students pass CET-4.

4.当关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句前有数词,不定代词,最高级等时，中间要用of

非限定性定语从句当数词,不定代词,最高级(e.g. one,either,half,several,the largest)等用在关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句前时，中间要用of。

e.g.There were 500 passengers, of whom121 drowned.

There were two cigarettes left, one of which was stained with lipstick.

There were two extremes in music, both of which can result in risk.

The comments made by the volunteer drivers, some (half) of whom were newly qualified, were very revealing.

Ex.

1. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favour of the new theory.

A. on which to base

B. which to base on

C. to base on

D. to be based on (006-36-46 9801-42)

2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _____ were surprising. (991-42)

A. as results

B. which results

C. the results of it

D. the results of which

3. We need a chairman _____. (986-62)

A. for whom everyone has confidence

B. in whom everyone has confidence

C. who everyone has confidence of

D. whom everyone has confidence on

4.The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas. (986-70)

A. in which

B.for whom

C. with which

D. of whom

5. The residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. 9306-68

A. all their homes

B. all those homes

C. all of whose homes

D. all of their homes

The residents, ____ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. 9306-68

A. all of their homes

B. all their homes

C. whose all homes

D. all of whose homes

6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least. 9806-42

A. for which

B.to which

C. of which

D. in which

Living in the western part of the country has its problem, ____ obtaining fresh water is not the least. 0006-46

A. with which

B. for which

C. of which

D. which

五、as作为关系代词，引导定语从句

1)as 作关系代词,常用于the same …as, such…as 和as…as结构中引导限定性定语从句,代表前面作为先行

词的人和物。

e.g. Such books as I have read are classical works.

I have never seen such a talented young man as he is.

I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.

2) as作为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句关系代词as还可以单独使用，引导非限定性定语从句来说

明整个主句，位置较为灵活，可位于句首、句中、句末，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

e.g. As might be expected, John was admitted to the university.

She usually takes a rest after lunch, as is her habit.

As a poet points out, life is but a dream.

3)类似的表达还有as is well known, as is often the case, as you say ,as may be imagined, as often happens, as has been said before, as will be shown in, as is hoped

Ex.

1.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ____is often the case in other countries. 9806

A. so

B. as

C. what

D. that

2. He never hesitates to make such criticisms ______ are considered helpful to others. 9201-6

A. that

B. as

C. which

D. what

3. The size of the audience, we had expected, was a thousand.

A. When

B. who

C. as

D. that

4. , many centuries had passed before man had learned to use fire.

A. What is known to all

B. Since it has known to all

C. As long as it is known

D. As is known to all

六、as与which代表主句(部分)概念的区别

as引导的定语从句一般对先行词或句子从正面进行辅助说明，常含有“正如”之意。

1．as引导的定语从句常可置于先行词或句子之前或中间，而which引导的定语从句通常跟在先行词之后。2. as从句表示一般的,常见的情况,而which 从句则表示一次特定的情况。具体表现在从句的谓语动词上,

as从句常用系动词,而which从句则更多地使用行为动词。

3．as从句经常有肯定地意向，而which从句则不受此限制。

4．as还可以与so, such, the same等关联使用引导定语从句。

Ex.

1. He spoke confidently, _______ impressed me most.(8807)

A) so that B) that C) it D)which

2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _______ , of course, made the others jealous.

A) who B) that C) what D)which (9306)

3. _____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. (9306)

A) That B) Which C) As D)It

4. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, _______ saves money, of course. (9306)

A) which B) as C) that D) what