红皮梨新品种_红宝石_的选育

摘 要：中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所用‘八月红’梨作母本‘、酥梨’作父本进行人工杂交培育出红皮梨新品种‘红宝
石’。果实纺锤形，单果质量 280 g，纵径 9.8 cm，横径 7.8 cm；果皮光滑、几近全红色，果肉乳白色，肉质细脆、稍硬，汁液中
等，石细胞少，可溶性固形物含量 14.6%，可滴定酸含量 0.29%，维生素含量 72.4 mg·kg-1，果实硬度（去皮）9.2 kg·cm-2，风
梨是我国主要水果之一，其栽培面积和产量仅次 于苹果和柑橘，位居第三位[1]。近年来，由于红皮梨富 含抗氧化活性物质花青苷而备受广大消费者青睐，成 为世界梨果主产国研究和发展的重点[2]。我国梨生产 上主栽的品种多为黄色、绿色和褐色，而红色梨品种 栽培甚少。其原因是我国原产的或近年选育的红皮 梨品种多为阳面红色，外观不甚鲜艳，如‘红香酥’‘玉 露香’和‘宁霞’等。个别全红皮品种也因品质欠佳而 不被消费者认可。而西洋红皮梨品种尽管品种多、品 质佳，但其果实不耐贮藏、适应性较差。如能选育出 外观艳丽、品质优良、广适耐藏的红皮梨新品种，将对 我国梨产业产生革命性影响。
味酸甜爽口，品质中上；果实发育期约 145 d，郑州地区 8 月下旬成熟；较耐贮藏，常温下可贮藏 品种为白梨、砂梨和西洋梨的杂交种，适应性、抗褐斑病、抗黑星病能力强，适合在华北北部、西北地
区及东北三省发展。
关键词：红皮梨；新品种；‘红宝石’
中图分类号：S661.2
文献标志码：A
文章编号：1009-9980（2016）12-1588-04
Breeding of a new red pear cultivar‘Hongbaoshi’
LI Xiugen, YANG Jian, WANG Long, WANG Suke, XUE Huabai, SU Yanli
(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science·Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Breeding Technology of The Minis⁃ try of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China)
2 亲本来源及系谱分析
2.1 亲本来源
图 1 红皮梨新品种‘红宝石’ Fig. 1 A new red pear cultivar ‘Hongbaoshi’
1 选育经过
中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所于 2000 年 3 月 以‘八月红’梨为母本、‘酥梨’为父本进行人工杂交，8 月中旬收获杂交果实贮藏于冷库，使其充分后熟；10 月底将杂交种子取出；于 2001 年 1 月沙藏催芽，3 月上 旬在小拱棚内营养钵育苗。当苗高 10 cm 左右时带 钵移栽于苗圃中。
收稿日期：2016-05-16 接受日期：2016-10-11 基金项目: 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-01)；国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD02B01) 作者简介: 李秀根，男，研究员，主要从事梨资源与遗传育种研究。Tel: 0371-65330967，E-mail: lixiugen@
Abstract:‘Hongbaoshi’is a new red skin pear cultivar, which is derived from a cross between‘Bayue⁃ hong’and‘Dangshansu’. The cultivar was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Acade⁃ my of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) in 2000. The seedling was planted in hybrid nursery of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS in December 2001. The seedling‘00-1-36’began to bear fruit in 2004, and was finally selected as a superior individual in 2006. After top grafting and tested for three years, it was introduced to Xinxiang city, Puyang city and Ningling county in Shangqiu city in spring of 2010 for re⁃ gional cultivar comparison trials. It was finally registered as a new cultivar (Register No.: S-SV-PP-0082015) by Tree Cultivar Registration Committee of Henan province in 2015 because of its high quality, bright red skin and high yield. The tree growth potential of this cultivar is medium with upright trunk and open tree gesture. The germination rate is strong and the branching ability is a little weak. Tree crown shape of this cultivar is spindle. Annual shoots are reddish brown, perennial branchs are taupe. Branch ta⁃ peringness is big, mean internode length is 4.3 cm, lenticels are oblong and hoary. Leaf color is bottle green. Leaves are long ovate with serrate margin, sharp-acuate apex, and wedge-shaped base. There are 5- 7 flowers with ovate petals per inflorescence, 4- 5 pistils and 19- 22 stamens per flower. The fruit is spindle. Fruitcore is small and has 5 loculis and 6-10 seeds in it. The average fruit weight, fruit length and diameter is 280 g, 9.8 cm and 7.8 cm. The fruit stalk is long, which average length is 6 cm. The fruit skin is smooth and nearly all red with small, rare fruit dots. Sepals are persistent, and the eye basin is shal⁃ low and narrow. The fruit flesh is creamy white, fine, crisp and slightly hard. It is juicy, sour-sweet and high eating quality with little stone cell. The content of soluble solid, titratable acid and vitamin C is 14.6%, 0.29% and 72.4 mg·kg-1 fresh flesh. The sarcocarp hardness is 9.2 kg·cm-2. The fruit develop⁃ ment period is about 145 days, and can be harvested in late August in Zhengzhou. It can be stored for 20 days in normal temperature. And the flavor will be better after cold storage. This cultivar can bear fruits in the third year after planted and has high yield at the fifth year, the average yield exceeded 20 kg per plant. The cultivar is suitable for slender cylindrical tree shape or slender spindly tree shape and trees should be planted in rows of 1 m×3.5-4 m in sandy-mound land or hilly land with barren soil, or planted in rows of
杂种苗经过近 1 a 的培育，于 2001 年 12 月底定植 于中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所杂种选育圃内，株 行距 1 m×3 m。之后对其采取正常的田间管理，除间 或疏掉基部下垂枝外，一般不修剪，地上每年喷药 4~ 5 次，地下施肥 1~2 次，并结合灌水。
2004 年单株‘00-1-36’开始结果。按照杂交育 种程序，自开花结果起，即对果实经济性状、结果情 况、丰产性等性状进行认真地观察记载。2005—2006 年对单株‘00-1-36’进行复选和决选，确定为红皮梨 优株，并进行高接观察。经过 3 a 的高接观察，发现该 单株果实经济性状及植株生长、丰产稳产性、适应性、 抗逆性等农艺性状稳定。2010 年开始，分别在新乡、 濮阳、商丘市宁陵县、民权县对其进行区域性比较试 验。2015 年底通过河南省林木品种审定委员会新品 种审定（良种编号：豫 S-SV-PP-008-2015），定名为 ‘红宝石’（图 1）。