2020年华东理工大学期末考试(宏观经济学_20210110模拟卷2答案)
高校宏观经济学期末考核习题及参考答案
高校宏观经济学期末考核习题及参考答案1. 选择题1.1 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。
A. 国家经济发展的政策B. 单个公司的经济运作C. 不同行业的经济模式D. 整个国民经济的运行规律参考答案：D1.2 影响经济增长率的因素主要包括（）。
A. 基础设施建设B. 科技进步C. 人力资本投资D. 金融市场稳定参考答案：A、B、C1.3 以下哪个指标不属于计算国内生产总值（GDP）时考虑的范围（）。
A. 个人储蓄B. 政府支出C. 净出口D. 固定资本形成参考答案：A2. 简答题2.1 宏观经济学的基本概念是什么？请简要描述。
参考答案：宏观经济学是研究整个国家或地区经济体系的总体运行规律和宏观经济问题的学科。
它关注经济增长、就业、通货膨胀、货币政策等方面的问题，研究经济系统的总体运行和调控。
2.2 请简要解释什么是货币政策？参考答案：货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率水平等手段来影响经济活动和价格水平的政策。
它旨在实现经济稳定和促进经济增长，通过调控货币供应和信贷规模，以及进行利率调整等策略来影响市场利率、借贷成本和金融市场活动。
3. 计算题3.1 根据以下数据，计算国家的消费水平和投资水平，并计算净出口。
消费支出：5000亿元政府支出：2000亿元投资支出：3000亿元国内生产总值（GDP）：10000亿元进口：1000亿元出口：1500亿元参考答案：消费水平 = 消费支出 = 5000亿元投资水平 = 投资支出 = 3000亿元净出口 = 出口 - 进口 = 1500亿元 - 1000亿元 = 500亿元总结：本文提供了高校宏观经济学期末考核的习题及参考答案。
习题包括选择题、简答题和计算题等。
选择题涵盖了宏观经济学的基本概念和影响经济增长率的因素等内容。
简答题要求对宏观经济学和货币政策进行简要描述和解释。
计算题要求根据给定数据计算国家的消费水平、投资水平和净出口。
通过完成这些习题，学生可以巩固对宏观经济学知识的理解和运用能力，为期末考核做好准备。
《宏观经济学》2020期末考试试卷
一、单项选择第十二章宏观经济的基本指标及其衡量1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200元，政府补助150元，则个人可支配收入为（②）① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元，投资支出为1.2亿元，间接税为1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为 2.5亿元，出口额为 3亿元，进口额为 1.8亿元，则下列正确的是（①）① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP，说明该国公民从国外取得的产值（ B ）外国公民从该国取得的产值。
A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（ D ）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值；B、个人收入；C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值；D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。
A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ)；B、国内生产净值(ＮＤＰ)；C、国民收入(NＩ)；D、个人收入(PＩ)。
宏观经济学模考试题+参考答案
宏观经济学模考试题+参考答案一、名词解释（每题3分，共12分）1. 潜在产出2. 通货膨胀率3. 失业率4. 货币政策的传导机制5. 贸易余额二、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 关于通货膨胀，以下哪个说法是正确的？A. 通货膨胀会导致实际工资下降B. 通货膨胀会导致企业生产成本上升C. 通货膨胀会使消费者购买力增强D. 通货膨胀对产出没有影响2. 以下哪个因素不会影响汇率？A. 国内外利率差异B. 国内外通货膨胀率差异C. 我国国际收支状况D. 国外经济增长速度3. 关于货币政策的传导机制，以下哪个说法是正确的？A. 货币政策通过影响利率，进而影响企业投资和消费B. 货币政策通过影响汇率，进而影响出口和进口C. 货币政策通过影响政府支出，进而影响产出D. 货币政策对产出没有影响4. 以下哪个指标属于衡量宏观经济稳定的重要指标？A. 国内生产总值B. 通货膨胀率C. 失业率D. 货币供应量5. 当一国出现贸易顺差时，以下哪个说法是正确的？A. 该国货币贬值压力增大B. 该国货币升值压力增大C. 该国通货膨胀压力增大D. 该国通货紧缩压力增大三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 请简述潜在产出的概念及其重要性。
2. 请简述通货膨胀的影响。
3. 请简述货币政策的目标及其传导机制。
四、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. 某国2019年实际国内生产总值为2000亿美元，潜在产出为2200亿美元，通货膨胀率为2%。
请计算2019年该国实际产出与潜在产出的差距，并说明通货膨胀对该国产出的影响。
2. 某国2019年失业率为4%，通货膨胀率为2%。
请计算该国2019年自然失业率，并说明通货膨胀对该国失业率的影响。
五、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1. 请论述我国宏观经济政策的目标及其实现手段。
2. 请论述全球经济增长对我国宏观经济的影响。
参考答案：一、名词解释（每题3分，共12分）分利用时所能实现的产出水平。
2020年华东理工大学期末考试(微观经济学20210110模拟卷1答案)
微观经济学202101模拟卷1答案一、单选题（共20题,每题2分,共40分）1. 市场不能提供纯粹的公共物品是因为（）。
（2分）A.公共物品不具有排他性B.公共物品不具有竞争性C.消费者都想“免费搭车”D.以上三种情况都是.★标准答案：D2. 准租金和厂商的总利润相比（）。
（2分）A.相等B.前者大C.后者大D.均有可能.★标准答案：B3. 某一经济活动存在外部不经济是指该活动的（）。
（2分）A.私人成本大于社会成本B.私人成本小于社会成本C.私人利益大于社会利益D.私人利润小于社会利益.★标准答案：B4. 假定某歌唱演员的年薪为10万元，但若他从事其他职业，最多只能得到3万元，那么该歌唱演员所获得的经济租金为（）。
（2分）A.10万元B.7万元C.3万元D.不能确定.★标准答案：B5. 正常利润是（）。
（2分）A.经济利润的一部分B.经济成本的一部分C.隐含成本的一部分D.B和C都对.★标准答案：D6. 如果市场价格超过平均成本，边际收益大于边际成本，垄断厂商多卖1单位时（）。
（2分）A.对总利润没有影响，但会缩小边际收益和边际成本之间的差额B.总利润会减少C.厂商总收益会减少，其数额等于P-ACD.总利润会增加，其数额为MR-MC，并缩小边际收益和边际成本之间的差额。
.★标准答案：D7. 如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水，按科斯定理，（），问题就可妥善解决。
（2分）A.不管产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零B.只要产权明确，且交易成本为零C.只要产权明确，不管交易成本有多大D.不管产权是否明确，交易成本是否为零.★标准答案：B8. 由于垄断会使效率下降，因此任何垄断都是要不得的，这一命题（）。
（2分）A.一定是正确的B.并不正确C.可能是正确的D.基本上是正确的.★标准答案：B9. 政府把价格限制在均衡水平以下可能导致（）。
（2分）A.黑市交易B.大量积压C.买者按低价买到了希望购买的商品数量D.政府收购过剩产品.★标准答案：A10. 随着收入和价格的变化，消费者的均衡也发生变化。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)
一、选择题(每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate a. and the real exchange rate increase. b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases. 26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the a. interest rate and investment to rise. b. interest rate and investment to fall. c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27．If the stock market crashes, a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply. c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c.5. d.15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, prices a. rise and unemployment falls. b. fall and unemployment rises. c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growthand inflation the economy will have a. higher unemployment and lower output. b. higher unemployment and higher output. c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has. 34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so thatstocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market. 43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run. 45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that outputsupplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: 52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation: 55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, areserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not veryimportant factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes intotal output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas wouldbe longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financialassets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a.A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are notsubject to federal income tax. b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk than government bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate rates of return.58.First National Bank of Me Assets Liabilities Reserves $800 Deposits$5,000Loans$4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
华东理工大学宏观经济学期末考试复习题
宏观经济学复习资料一、判断题1、若边际消费倾向为0.4,则边际储蓄倾向为0.6。
(√)2、根据储蓄函数的关系,国民收入的增加会引起储蓄增加。
(√) (判断题)3、当总需求非常低,出现经济衰退时,应该采取紧缩性的财政政策和货币政策。
(×)、4、当就业量等于潜在就业量时,失业率等于自然失业率。
(√) (判断题)5、购买普通股票应该计入GDP。
(×) (判断题)二、单选题)6、假定经济实现充分就业,总供给曲线是垂直线,减税将( B )A、提高价格水平和实际产出B、提高产出但不影响价格水平C、提高实际产出但不影响价格水平D、对价格水平和实际产出均无影响7、当就业量等于潜在就业量时,失业率( D )A、等于零B、大于自然失业率C、小于于自然失业率D、等于自然失业率8、菲利普斯曲线说明( C )。
A、通货膨胀导致失业;B、通货膨胀是由行业工会引起的;C、通货膨胀与失业率之间呈负相关;D、通货膨胀与失业率之间呈正相关。
9、政府实行赤字财政政策是通过(C)来进行的。
A、政府支出;B、政府税收;C、发行公债;D、发行股票10、中央银行提高准备率就会(A)。
A、提高利息率;B、降低利息率;C、提高贴现率;D、降低贴现率11、在开放经济中,下列()项不是政府宏观政策的最终目标。
(B)A、国际收支平衡;B、不存在贸易逆差或顺差;C、经济均衡增长;D、消除通货膨胀。
12、假定货币需求为L=ky-hr,货币供给增加10亿美元,其他条件不变,会使LM曲线(C):A、右移10亿美元;B、右移10k亿美元C、右移(10/k)亿美元;D、右移(k/10)亿美元13、下列因素中,哪一个最可能是引起成本推进通货膨胀的原因?(C) )A、银行贷款的扩张;B、预算赤字;C、世界性商品价格上涨;D、投资增加。
14、如果消费函数为c=100+0.8(y-T),并且税收和政府支出同时增加80亿元,则均衡收入水平将(B )。
大二宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案A卷
大二宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案A卷一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要对象是（）。
A. 个体经济行为B. 企业经济行为C. 国民经济总体D. 政府经济行为答案：C2. 以下哪项不是宏观经济政策的目标？（）。
A. 充分就业B. 价格稳定C. 经济增长D. 企业盈利答案：D3. GDP的计算公式是（）。
A. 消费+投资+政府支出+净出口B. 消费+投资+政府支出-净出口C. 消费+投资+净出口-政府支出D. 投资+政府支出+净出口-消费答案：A4. 通货膨胀率是指（）。
A. 货币供应量增长率B. 国内生产总值增长率C. 价格水平的增长率D. 失业率答案：C5. 根据菲利普斯曲线，失业率与通货膨胀率之间的关系是（）。
A. 正相关B. 负相关C. 不相关D. 正负相关交替出现答案：B二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义理论的主要观点。
答案：凯恩斯主义理论认为，在经济衰退时期，政府应通过增加支出和减税来刺激总需求，以减少失业和提高产出水平。
2. 解释什么是货币乘数效应，并说明其对经济的影响。
答案：货币乘数效应是指银行系统通过存款创造货币的能力。
当银行收到存款时，它们可以贷款出去一部分，而贷款又会变成新的存款，从而产生更多的贷款和存款。
这个过程可以不断重复，使得初始存款的总效应放大，影响经济中的货币供应量。
三、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. 假设一个封闭经济体的总支出方程为Y = C + I + G，其中Y是GDP，C是消费，I是投资，G是政府支出。
已知C = 100 + 0.8(Y - T)，I = 50，G = 200，T = 50。
请计算均衡GDP。
答案：首先计算消费函数C = 100 + 0.8(Y - 50) = 100 + 0.8Y - 40 = 60 + 0.8Y。
将C、I、G代入总支出方程得到Y = 60 + 0.8Y + 50 + 200。
宏观经济学模拟试卷(含答案)
《宏观经济学》模拟试卷（1）一、单项选择题（每题1分，共15分）1、净出口是指（）。
A.出口减进口B.出口加进口C.出口加政府转移支付D.进口减出口2、从经济学意义上讲，以下各项不属于投资的是（）。
A.厂房的增加B.人们购买土地C.企业存货的增加D.新住宅的增加3、与边际储蓄倾向提高相对应的情况是（）。
A.可支配收入水平减少B.边际消费倾向下降C.边际消费倾向上升D.平均储蓄倾向下降4、在下列情况中，投资乘数值最大的是（）。
A.边际消费倾向为0.8B.边际消费倾向为0.7C.边际消费倾向为0.9D.边际消费倾向为0.65、边际消费倾向随着收入的增加而递减表明消费曲线（）。
A.向右下方倾斜B.向正下方移动C.不是直线D.是直线6 、关于投资与利率的关系，以下判断正确的是（）。
A.投资是利率的增函数B.投资是利率的减函数C.投资与利率是非相关关系D.以上都不对7、市场利息率提高，（）。
A.货币交易需求增加B.货币交易需求减少C.货币投机需求增加D.货币投机需求减少8、总需求曲线AD是一条（）。
A.向右下方倾斜的曲线B.向右上方倾斜的曲线C.平行于数量轴的直线D.垂直于数量轴的直线9、假定名义货币供给量不变，价格总水平上升将导致一条向右上方倾斜的LM曲线上的一点（）。
A.沿原LM曲线向上方移动B.沿原LM曲线向下方移动C.向右移动到另一条LM曲线上D.向左移动到另一条LM曲线上10、由工资提高导致的通货膨胀的原因是（）。
A．需求拉动 B．成本推动 C．结构性 D．其他11 、一般地说 , 某个大学生毕业后未能立即找到工作，属于（）。
A.摩擦性失业B.结构性失业C.周期性失业D.永久性失业12、朱格拉周期是一种（）。
A．短周期 B．中周期 C．长周期 D．不能确定13、扩张性财政政策的一般效应是利息率（）。
A．提高 B．下降 C．不变 D．不确定14 、货币供给量增加，债券价格和利率的变动分别是（）。
A．上升和上升 B．上升和下降C．下降和上升 D．下降和下降15 、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。
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华东理工大学网络教育学院
（全部答在答题纸上，请写清题号，反面可用。
试卷与答题纸分开交）
宏观经济学_202101_模拟卷2_答案
一、单选题（共10题,每题2分,共20分）
1. 影响各国之间经济开放程度较小的因素是（）（2分）
A.边际消费倾向
B.边际进口倾向
C.国家的大小
D.开放程度
.★标准答案：C
2. 当政府实行扩张性财政政策，进行减收税收时，对消费和投资的影响分别为（）。
（2分）
A.二者同增；
B.二者同减；
C.增加和减少；
D.减少和增加
.★标准答案：C
3. 在下列选项中不是M1组成部分的是（）（2分）
A.旅行支票
B.活期存款
C.定期存款
D.现金
.★标准答案：C
4. 中央银行在公开市场上买进有价证券，应会（）。
（2分）
A.提高利息率；
B.降低利息率；
C.提高贴现率；
D.降低贴现率
.★标准答案：B
5. 如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水，按照科斯定理，（）问题可妥善解决（2分）
A.不管产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零
B.不论产权是否明确，交易成本是否为零
C.只要产权明确，且交易成本为零
D.只要产权明确，不管交易成本有多大
.★标准答案：C
6. 根据凯恩斯货币需求理论，当银行利率上升时（）。
（2分）
A.货币的交易需求上升；
B.货币的预防需求下降;
C.货币的投机需求下降;
D.以上情况都有可能.★标准答案：C
7. 中央银行提高准备率就会（）。
（2分）
A.提高利息率；
B.降低利息率；
C.提高贴现率；
D.降低贴现率
.★标准答案：A
8. 当价格大于平均成本时，此时存在（）（2分）
A.正常利润
B.超额利润
C.贡献利润
D.亏损
.★标准答案：B
9. 经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于（）（2分）
A.时间长短
B.可否调整产品价格
C.可否调整产量
D.可否调整生产规模
.★标准答案：D
10. 货币供给量增加，债券价格和利息率的变动分别是（）。
（2分）
A.上升和上升；
B.上升和下降；
C.下降和上升；
D.下降和下降
.★标准答案：B
二、名词解释（共5题,每题4分,共20分）
1. 消费函数（4分）
★标准答案：消费函数是指消费与收入之间的数量关系。
2. 公共物品（4分）
★标准答案：公共物品是指具有非竞争性和非排他性，不能依靠市场机制实现有效配置的产品。
3. 国内生产总值（4分）
★标准答案：经济社会（即一国或一地区）在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
4. 结构性失业（4分）
★标准答案：指劳动力的供给和需求不匹配所造成的失业。
5. 边际消费倾向（4分）
★标准答案：增加的一单位收入中用于增加的消费部分的比率。
三、判断题（共5题,每题2分,共10分）
1. 充分就业意味着失业率为零。
（2分）( )
.★标准答案：错误
2. 在市场经济中，价格的调节可以使资源配置达到最优状态。
（2分）( )
.★标准答案：正确
3. 投资与利率呈正相关的关系。
（）（2分）( )
.★标准答案：错误
4. 在“流动偏好陷阱”情况下，政府增加货币供给但利率无变化。
（）（2分）( )
.★标准答案：正确
5. 扩张性财政政策对经济的影响是缓和了经济萧条但增加了政府债务。
（）（2分）
( )
.★标准答案：正确
四、简答题（共2题,每题15分,共30分）
1. 举例说明信息不对称会破坏市场的有效性。
（15分）
★标准答案：以旧车市场为例，假定有一批旧车要卖，同时有一批要买这些车的购买者。
旧车中有一半是优质车，一半是劣质车，设优质车主索价400元，劣质车主索价200元。
再假定买主对优质车愿支付480元，对劣质车愿支付240元，如果信息是完全的，即买主知道哪些车是优质的，哪些车是劣质的，则优质车会在400至480元之间成交，劣质车会在200至240元之间成交。
但买主事实上无法凭观察判断旧车质量。
旧车主会隐瞒劣质车的问题，以次充好，鱼目混珠。
买主只知道劣质车所占的比例各半，但不知道每一辆车究竟是优质的还是劣质的。
于是，他们的出价至多是240*0.5+480*0.5=360元.然而这样一来,幼稚车就不肯卖。
市场运转的有效性被破坏了。
2. 政府支出的增加额如果完全来自于税收的增加，这对国民收入会有什么影响？（15分）
★标准答案：政府支出的增加会提高国民收入，而税收的增加会降低国民收入。
也就是说，国民收入与政府支出成正相关，而与税收成负相关。
如果此时，政府支出的增加额与税收的增加额相等，则国民收入总体水平不变。
五、计算题（共1题,每题20分,共20分）
1. 假定法定准备率是0.12,没有超额准备,对现金的需求是1000亿美元,(1)假定总准备金是400亿美元,货币供给是多少?(2)若中央银行把准备率提高到0.2,货币供给变动多少? (假定总准备金仍是400亿美元)(3)中央银行买进10亿美元政府债券(存款准备金率是0.12),货币供给变动如何? （20分）
★标准答案：（1）货币供给M＝1000＋400/0.12＝4333亿美元（2）存款变为400/0.2＝2000亿美元，现金仍是1000亿美元，因此货币供给为1000＋2000＝3000亿美元，即货币供给减少了1333亿美元。
（3）中央银行买进10亿美元债券，即基础货币增加10亿美元，则货币供给增加10×1/0.12＝83.3亿美元。