The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点
Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) and Queen Victoria (1819-1901).
• The English people were proud of two queens in their history: Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) and Queen Victoria (1819-1901). There are similarities between the two queens. First, both queens were on the throne for a long period of time, Queen Elizabeth being on the throne for over forty years (1558-1603) and Queen Victoria more than 60 years (1837-1901).
• the last period 1880-1901, a period of decay of Victorian values.
• It can be divided into 2 periods:
– - Early Victoria Period （1832-1868）
– - Late Victoria Period （1869-1902）
• The Reform Bill of 1832 extended the right to vote to all men owning property worth ten pounds or more. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers (they had to wait until 1867 when a second Reform Bill was passed)
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚时代 ppt课件
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
• The belief that everything should be tested by the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利 亚时代
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
Literary Expression
Novel
Prose
Poetry
The Victorian Period 英国 文学·维多利亚时代
• The most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought in this period
the struggle between the workers and capitalists became the fundamental contradiction in England. A new class, the proletariat, emerged.
The Victorian Period 英国文学·维多利亚
→With Industrial Revolution in full swing, England accumulated large amounts of profit and settled down to a time of prosperity and relative stability.
英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点概要
Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) and Queen Victoria (1819-1901).
• The English people were proud of two queens in their history: Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) and Queen Victoria (1819-1901). There are similarities between the two queens. First, both queens were on the throne for a long period of time, Queen Elizabeth being on the throne for over forty years (1558-1603) and Queen Victoria more than 60 years (1837-1901).
accession in 1837 and her death in 1901. She ruled for 63 years, the longest in English history. The period has been
generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.
The Victorian Age
(1832-1902)
Objectives
1. To have the basic knowledge about the brief history of the Victorian Period. 2. To know something about the critical realist 3. To be familiar with Charles Dickens’ writing styles and major contribution to English literature.
Chapter9 The Victorian Age 英国文学 维多利亚时期
during their long reigns England developed rapidly both politically and economically;
during their reigns, literature flourished. Queen Elizabeth-drama (William Shakespeare) & Queen Victoria-novels（a galaxy of brilliant ns of Victorian novels
1.The plot is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what is had been in previous novels. 2.The cause-effect sequence is much more striking than in previous novels. 3. Most of the Victorian novels were first published in serial form. 4. The Victorian novels were tainted by the spirit of Puritanism of the Victorian age. 5. The Victorian novels were characterized by their moral purpose.
2.Scholars always compare the merits and demits of the two writers.
Masterpiece
Vanity Fair (1848) – first major novel The school of Snobs (1846-1847)
英国维多利亚文学心得体会
英国维多利亚文学心得体会篇一：维多利亚时期英国文学六．维多利亚时期（Victorian Era 1837年—1901年）查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）杰出的小说家，批判现实主义（Critical Realism）的代表人物。
代表作《波兹特写》（Sketches by Boz），《匹克维克外传》（The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club），《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist），《老古玩店》（The Old Curiosity Shop），《美国札记》（American Notes），《董贝父子》（Dombey and Son），《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield），《荒凉山庄》（Bleak House），《艰难时世》（Hard Times），《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities），《远大前程》（Great Expectations）。
威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷（William Makepeace Thackeray）：杰出的批判现实主义（Critical Realism）的小说家。
代表作长篇小说《名利场》（Vanity Fair），《亨利·艾斯蒙德》（Hey Esmond），《纽可姆一家》（The Newcomers）。
勃朗特三姐妹（The Bronte Sisters）：夏洛特·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）的《简爱》（JaneEyre）；艾米丽·勃朗特（Emily Bronte）的《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights）；安尼·勃朗特（Anne Bronte）的《安格尼斯·格雷》（Agnes Grey）。
乔治·艾略特（George Eliot）：著名的现实主义女作家。
代表作《亚当·比德》（Adam Bede），《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》（The Mill on the Floss），《织工马南》（Silas Marner），《米德尔马契》（Middlemarch—A Study of Provincial Life）。
精品文档-英国文学维多利亚时期
(一)The Victorian Age⏹General Introductiona)Period an Eras in English historyAnglo-Saxon655–1066Norman1066–1154Plantagenet1154–1485Tudor1485–1603Elizabethan1558–1603Stuart1603–1714Jacobean1603–1625Caroline1625–1649Interregnum1649–1660Restoration1660–1688Georgian1714–1830Victorian1837–1901Edwardian1901–1910World War I1914–1918Interwar1918–1939World War II1939–1945Modern1945–present⏹Brief intro:The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria. She was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901 (which put a definite end to her political career). A great deal of change took place during this period--brought about because of the Industrial Revolution; so it's not surprising that the literature of the period is often concerned with social reform. As Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) wrote, "The time for levity, insincerity, and idle babble and play-acting, in all kinds, is gone by; it is a serious, grave time."b)Victoria Period1)Time Span⏹The Victorian Period revolves around the political career of Queen Victoria.⏹ A new era really began with the passage of Reform Bill 1832 and closed at the end ofBoer War in 1902.2)Three phases⏹The early Victorian period (1830~48): 多事之秋(A Time of Troubles)It saw the opening of Britain’s first railway and its first Reform Parliament, but it wasalso a time of economic distress.⏹The mid-Victorian period (1848~70): 经济繁荣和宗教分歧的时期（EconomicProsperity and Religious Controversy）It was not free of harassing problems, it was a time of prosperity, optimism, andstability.⏹The later period (1870~1901) : 由盛到衰过程的时期（Decay of Victorian Values）The costs of Empire became increasingly apparent, and England was confronted withgrowing threats to its military and economic preeminence.c)Queen Victoria and Victorian Temper⏹Victoria was born in 1819.She came to the throne in 1837(aged 18), after the death ofher uncle William IV, crowned in 1838 and died in 1901.⏹She reigned for exactly 63 years, 7 months, 2 days (June 20, 1837 - January 22, 1901),longer than any other British monarch.⏹Her 9 children and 42 grandchildren tying them together and earning her the nickname"the grandmother of Europe".⏹Exemplifies Victorian qualities: earnestness, moral responsibility, domestic propriety⏹The Victorian Period was an age of transition⏹An age characterized by energy and high moral purpose1819年生于伦敦,1837年继位成为英国女王。
维多利亚时代英国文学
Gothic Elements in Jane Eyre
As a girl, Jane’s punishment is
to be locked in a red room where a relative had previously died. She later sees the ghost. Some characters hold frightening and dark secrets, contributing to the atmosphere of mystery. Two terrible and destructive fires occur. We eventually discover the fact that a menacing and insane woman has been in the home of Jane’s employer (and love interest) for most of the plot. One character, Rochester, receives disfiguring injuries.
Frankenstein
Story opens on the ship
of an English explorer, Robert Walton, in the Arctic Ocean Walton serves as a framing device for the real action of the story: the creation of a monster by Dr. Victor Frankenstein
Victorian novel
Victorian novels tend to focus on the difficult
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
--The 1st Reform Act of 1832 and the 2nd Reform act of 1867 : reform in the electoral system leading to a more democratic society
---,1830, 1850, 1900, Public railway across England and an underground rail system beneath London ---Great Exhibition of 1851 and Crystal Palace (locomotives, machine tools, power looms, reapers, steamboat engines and etc)
huge profit worse living condition workers long-hour working never-adequate food
conflicts
the Chartist Movement
（宪章运动）
What is the Chartist Movement ? 宪章运动
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation An Age of Unrest and Dispute
Social unrest unemployment, poverty, slums in large cites, terrible working conditions; Chartist Movement; petitions for women’s suffrage; the Married Women's Property Acts Intellectual diversity
英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点
• Secondly, during their long reigns England developed rapidly both politically and economically. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, capitalism first took its shape, and the small island country defeated the strong naval power Spain in 1588. During the long reign of Queen Victoria, England grew the workshop of the world as well as its financial and political center.
• With the introduction of the steam engine, it was possible for the capitalists to hire unskilled workers, such as women and children. Many skilled workers were unemployed, and what made the situations worse was the enforcement of the Corn Laws, which forbade importing any grain from foreign countries when the price of wheat dropped to a certain price; this measure kept wheat at a high price in the interests of the landed class. In 1845 serious crop failures in England and the potato blight in Ireland kept the price of bread still higher.
英国文学维多利亚时期全集
Victorian
literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented 空前的. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values & experiments are to witness their harvest.
. Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
the
greatest representive of English critical realism Born at Portsmouth, his father was put into the prison for debt when he was only 12 Worked in underground shoeblacking then lawyer’s office as a junior clerk In 1835, became a reporter, later an editor, manager
Chapter II the Victorian Literature
magnitude众多
& diversity: Great writers and great works abounded It was many-sided, complex, reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in people's life and thought.
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维多利亚女王的名字，象征着一个时代。在维多利亚统治期间，英 国国民空前团结，英国成为一个强大的帝国，并不断壮大发展。这是女 王给英国人留下的最好遗产，也是对她一生政绩最有力的评价。极少有 坐上帝位的女人，能像维多利亚一样，如此出色地完成了女王的职责， 同时又拥有如此平凡的作为女人的幸福。她统治的时期，特别是1851 年以后，在英国历史上被称为维多利亚时代。她在位的六十余年正值英 国自由资本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡到垄断资本主义的转变时 期，英国极度强盛，经济、文化空前繁荣，科学、艺术都有很大的发展， 君主立宪制得到充分成熟，维多利亚女王的名字成了英国和平与繁荣的 象征。
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
An Age of Expansion：
---British Empire at its highest point of development as a world power, or the largest nation on earth --- the largest exporter and importer of goods in the world; the primary manufacturer of goods and the wealthiest country
The Victorian Era
1)the early 30s of the 19th to the beginning years of the 20th century 2) the reign of Queen Victoria from 1832(1837) to 1901
the Reform Bill
Utilitarianism and Jeremy Bentham Liberalism and Jean-Jacque Rousseau Socialism and Karl Marx Religious debate German Higher Criticism Darwin’s The Origin of Species (1859) Oxford Movement led by Cardinal Newman The rapid growth of Evangelical Methodism(循道宗)
她是第一个以“大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国女王和印度女皇”名号称 呼的英国君主。她在位的64年期间（1837-1901年），是英国最强盛的所 谓“日不落帝国”时期。女王统治时期，在英国历史上被称为维多利亚时 代。她在位的60余年正值英国自由资本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡 到垄断资本主义的转变时期，经济、文化空前繁荣，君主立宪制得到充分 发展，使维多利亚女王成了英国和平与繁荣的象征。
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
Victorian temper
---Puritan morality: virtues of hard work; modesty and worldly success against seeking worldly pleasure
--- Victorian quality: the high standards of decency; earnest pursuit of morals vs. practices of prudery, false modesty, empty respectability
---seeing it as their duty to bring English values, laws, customs, and religion to the “savage” races around the world (Missionaries)
The Victorian age (1832-1901) An Age of change and Improvement
Queen Elizabeth & Queen Victoria
1st, on the throne for a long period of time 2nd, England developed rapidly both politically and economically 3rd, literature flourished
decaying aristocratic
industrial capitalists
political power
steam powered engines
the Industrial revolution
amazing changes
Serious social problems
capitalists
1837年维多利亚女王即位时，英国已经完成了资本主义工业革命， 为了满足国家寻找原料地和销售市场的要求，英国开始在世界各地建立 殖民地和自治领。1840年英国占领了新西兰，这标志着英国在全世界的 殖民体系形成。英国对中国的野心由来已久。英国与中国的贸易最早始 于茶叶、丝绸的贸易；但是这些商品是英国市场上的奢侈品，而中国自 给自足的经济体制使得英国的工业革命的产品毫无用武之地。为了扭转 对华贸易逆差，英国商人开始在英国政府的支持下倾销鸦片。1839年， 林则徐在虎门销烟，极大程度上打击了英国政府的倾销政策，1840年初， 维多利亚女王在议会上发表了著名的演说，呼吁“为了大英帝国的利 益”，向中国发动战争。第一次鸦片战争遂始。
--The 1st Reform Act of 1832 and the 2nd Reform act of 1867 : reform in the electoral system leading to a more democratic society
---,1830, 1850, 1900, Public railway across England and an underground rail system beneath London ---Great Exhibition of 1851 and Crystal Palace (locomotives, machine tools, power looms, reapers, steamboat engines and etc)
huge profit worse living condition workers long-hour working never-adequate food
conflicts
the Chartist Movement
（宪章运动）
What is the Chartist Movement ? 宪章运动
---avoidance of profanity and sex & exposure of the age’s hypocrisy in favor of sincerity and humanitarian love.
Influence
The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. As a result of relative peace at home, national economy picked up at a high speed. The country changed from an agricultural to an industrialized nation. It became more urbanized, cities grew in size, and villages declined. Education became more general, and science and technology advanced. Despite the gaping extremes of wealth and poverty, life became visibly easier.
维多利亚女王性格鲜明，秉性真挚。她忠于职守，具有治国之才； 她不仅把时光消磨在工作上，也消磨在为家务操劳上；她忠于自己的丈 夫，对子女要求严格，成为一代楷模。她的不懈努力，不仅使英国的文 学，艺术、科学昌盛，经济繁荣，英国的生活方式（如英国贵族的下午 茶）也从那时候开始成为世界各国人民所追逐仿效的对象。“维多利亚 时代”被许多英国人所怀念。
The VictoriБайду номын сангаасn age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation Reign of Queen Victoria: 1837-1901
An Age of Expansion An Age of change and Improvement
An Age of Unrest and Dispute
1837年，18岁的女王维多利亚登基，新女王在继位之前的日记中写 道：既然上帝把我置于这个国家的王位上，我将尽力履行自己的职责。 我尚年轻，可能在许多方面缺乏经验，但我肯定，几乎无人像我这样怀 着为国为民的良好意愿和真切希望。女王充分实现了自己的诺言：她在 其一生中模范地履行了立宪君主的职责，因此深受国民的爱戴；她还是 那个时代道德风尚的典范，她是贤妻，又是良母，是典型的大家闺秀， 也是优秀的一家主妇。她自己生活严谨，工作刻苦，对别人又充满责任 感。在许多国人眼中，她就是那个时代的缩影，她漫长的63年在位时期 则是国家繁荣昌盛的顶峰。维多利亚在位时期，被称作“维多利亚时 代”，在英国所有国王中，她享有盛誉，这不是因为她做出了什么轰动 的事业，而是因为她什么都不做，而仅仅恪守立宪君主的本分，做她那 个时代的表率。
• The Chartist Movement (1836-1848 )was organized by the English workers in big cities and brought forth the People’s Charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. The movement brought some improvement to the welfare of the working class. It was the first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.