工程管理专业英语第五章翻译教学教材
大连理工版实用英语(工程管理类)第五单元翻译
International competitive bidding国际竞争性招标1.International competitive bidding as used in these guidelines has the purpose of affording to prospective bidders from all countries adequate notification of a recipient's requirements and of providing all bidders an equal opportunity to bid on the necessary goods or works , subject to appropriate preferences for goods and services from developing countries . 国际竞标中使用这些指南的宗旨向潜在投标人提供的所有国家的足够的通知接收者的要求和提供所有的投标人平等机会竞拍必要的货物或作品,遵从适当的偏好对商品和服务的来自发展中国家。
In connection with any contract to be financed by the Fund , as a general rule , the Fund does not permit a recipien to deny prequalification , if required ,Bidding documents招标文件2.The bidding documents should furnish all information necessary for a bidder to prepare a tender for the goods and/or sevices to be supplied . 招标文件应当提供一切必要的信息,对投标人的投标准备货物和/或服务提供。
工程管理专业英语专业版
9.1第一段Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and execution of construction projects. It involves the choice of technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks, and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks. A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for work. Developing the construction plan is a critical task in the management of construction, even if the plan is not written or otherwise formally recorded. In addition to these technical aspects of construction planning, it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions about the relationships between project participants and even which organizations to include in a project. For example, the extent which sub-construction will be used on a project is often determined during construction planning.在施工项目的管理和执行中，施工计划是一项基本的并且具有挑战性的活动。
工程管理专业英语翻译
passge1project management perspective关键步骤在任何项目的第一步，这是了解项目的目标，和项目团队成员沟通，考虑项目替代办法在投入项目工作之前。
在项目投入工作之前坐下来讨论是非常重要的。
项目经理需要沿学习曲线的项目非常快。
为此本项目经理应争取尽可能多的信息，关于该项目的客户。
客户端可以是高层管理人员也可以是其他职能领域的者.在某些情况下，项目的客户是项目管理本身在确定了项目并获得批准的项目从最高管理。
在建筑公司的客户是一个组织以外的建筑公司.项目管理需要详细讨论具体的项目目标，把它写下来，经工程用户学习一切有了解的项目，特别是在qriteria成功，预计的预算和进度.来，作为关键的决定或出现问题或机会，开发，项目经理需要仔细考虑谁是客户端和检查客户的关键决定.首先，审批进行项目已获批准，项目经理可以通过一个清单和收集项目信息。
项目经理早就被要求作出若干决定的宝贵投入的项目团队成员。
其中有些决定是什么目标完成日期的项目；项目的预算；在资源来；项目团队成员谁会和谁将开发计划的项目或提供系统支持，等等。
项目经理在形成阶段输入所获得的信息，将是有价值的，在作出这些早期决定。
项目经理应确定的复杂性，规模和独特的项目。
所有这些方面的影响，例如，对一些项目团队成员，他们将，预算，和时间表。
过程中的信息收集，转氨酶开始的项目，该项目经理面试关键职能管理人员谁预计贷款项目团队成员对这个项目。
项目经理应沟通的事实，最高管理者批准的计划，并获得批准的职能经理谁将提供资源进行项目，特别是那些谁将提供人力资源。
不确定性是一个元素开始，每一个项目的预设。
有时，这是目前在更大的程度比其他人。
它是特别普遍在项目是独一无二的，因为没有类似的东西已完成的项目管理，不确定性也是目前在很大程度上这是第一个项目由项目经理或，更因此，如果它的第一个项目所进行的组织的项目管理部。
前面提到的清单，和额外的努力，该项目获得以信息尽可能早期，可以穿过这个杠杆的不确定性和模糊性。
工程管理专业英语 第五章句子翻译
Chapter 5 Cost EstimateNotes and sentence1.If the design technology for a facility has been specified,the project can bedecomposed into elements at various levels of detail for the purpose of cost estimation.Technology在这里翻译为“待建设使用的技术”。
he design technology翻译为“设计者选定的技术”。
be decomposed into翻译为“分解”。
全句可译为：如果设计中已经确定使用何种技术，就可以根据成本估算的用途将项目分解成为分项工程。
2.However, the accuracy of the resulting estimate depends on the reliability of thesubcontractors since the general contractor selects one among several contractor quotations submitted for each item of subcontracted work.depends on 译为“取决于”general contractor译为“总承包商”全句可译为：然而，估算结果的精确程度取决于各分包商的估算是否可靠，因为对每一个分包商的分项工程，总承包商总是从几个分包商提交的报价中选择。
3.If the construction procedure of a proposed project is used as the basis of a costestimate,the project may be decomposed into items such as labor,material and equipment needed to perform various tasks in the projects.construction procedure译为“施工方法”as the basis of译为“以为基础”decomposed into译为“分解为”全句可译为：如果以项目的施工方法为基础进行成本估算，则可以分解为各项工作的组成分项，如为完成各项工作所需的劳动力、原材料和机械设备。
工程管理专业英语翻译
1. A decision whether to pump or to transport concrete in buckets will directly affect the cost and duration of tasks involved in building construction.用泵送混凝土还是用吊斗浇筑混凝土的决定将直接影响建筑物施工中各项任务的成本和时间2.In selecting among alternative methods and technologies, it may be necessary to formulate a number of construction plans based on alternative methods or assumptions. 在选择施工方法和技术时，有必要根据各种备选的施工方法和假设制订若干套施工计划。
3.This examination of several alternatives is often made explicit in bidding competitions in which several alternative designs may be proposed or value engineering for alternative construction methods may be permitted这种对几个备选方案之间的评比在公开招标中表现的十分明显：在设计招标中会要求提交数个设计方案；在施工招标中会用到价值工程的方法4. In this case, potential constructors may wish to prepare plans for each alternative design using the suggested construction method as well as to prepare plans for alternative construction methods which would be proposed as part of the value engineering process.在这个案例中，潜在的承包商需要针对每个备选设计方案根据被建议的施工方法来制定具体的计划；也需要针对每个备选施工方法制定具体计划，而这些施工方法选择会被推荐应用价值工程方法5.In forming a construction plan, a useful approach is to simulate the construction process either in the imagination of the planner or with a formal computer based simulation technique.根据施工计划人员的想象或者利用以计算机为工具的仿真技术队施工过程进行模拟。
工程管理专业英语翻译Chapter 1-5
Chapter 11.1 introduction"To form by assembling parts" is the dictionary definition for construct, but the phrase also is a metaphor for the construction itself. 由各组成部分所构成是对建筑在字典中的定义，它也是对建筑本身的比喻。
Just as divergent materials come together to form a structure, so, too, does a diverse group of people come together to make the project possible.正如将各种不同材料组成构筑物，将不同人群聚集到一起也一样，使实现一个项目成为可能。
To bring together numerous independent businesses and corporate personalities into one goal-oriented process is the particular challenge of the construction industry. 把多个互不相关的行业和独立人群聚集到一起来实现一个共同目标对建筑业而言是独特的挑战。
The organizational cultures of architects, engineers, owners, builders, manufacturers, and suppliers may seem to work against the real need to forge a partnership that will ensure the success of a project. 建筑师，工程师，业主，建造者，制造商和供应商的组织文化看似违背了一个真实需求，这个需求是形成一个合作体（关系）以确保项目成功。
工程管理专业英语第二版
Professional English for Construction Management
主编：徐勇戈
Contents (continued)
Chapter 8 Construction Planning Chapter 9 Time Control for Construction Projects Chapter 10 Cost Control for Construction Projects
Unit 1 The Owner’s Perspective
1.1 The Project Life Cycle
Since an owner is essentially acquiring a facility on a promise in some form of agreement, it will be wise for any owner to have a clear understanding of the acquisition process in order to maintain firm control of the quality, timeliness and cost of the completed facility.
Owners must recognize that there is no single best approach in organizing project management throughout a project's life cycle. All organizational approaches have advantages and disadvantages, depending on the knowledge of the owner in construction management as well as the type, size and location of the project.
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。
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Chapter 5Bidding and Tendering of Construction Projects建设项目投标和招标5.1 Bidding Procedure of Construction Projects建设项目投标过程第一段：第一句：The implementing agencies of borrowing countries can use a variety of procurement methods on World Bank-financed projects（世界银行资助项目）.借款国的执行机构可以使用世界银行资助项目的各种采购方法。
第二句：The method selected depends on a number of factors including [（the type of goods or services being procured）, （the value of the goods or services being procured）, （the potential interest of foreign bidders）and （even the cost of the procurement process itself）].选择的方法取决于多项因素，包括所采购的商品或服务的类型；采购的商品或服务的价值；外国投标者的潜在利益；甚至采购过程本身的成本。
第三句：The overall objective of the guidelines（指南）how to select procurement methods is to allow borrowing countries to buy high quality goods and services as economically as possible （尽可能经济）.指南中如何选择采购方式的总体目标是让借款国在尽可能经济的条件下购买优质的产品和服务。
第四句：In the World Bank’s experience, this objective is best achieved through transparent（透明的）, formal competitive bidding（竞标）.世界银行的经验，通过透明的，正式的竞标才能最好地实现该目标。
第五句：For the procurement of equipment and civil works, International Competitive Bidding (ICB) is the procurement method the World Bank encourages its borrowers to use in the majority of cases（大多数情况下）.对于设备和土建工程采购，国际竞争性招标（简称ICB）是世界银行鼓励借款人在大多数情况下使用的采购方法。
第六句：Under ICB, cost is the primary factor（主要因素）in determining a winning bid（中标）.在国际竞争性招标，成本是确定中标的主要因素。
第七句：Other methods for procuring goods and civil works include（Limited International Bidding, National Competitive Bidding, International Shopping, and Direct Contracting）.Limited International Bidding：有限国际招标National Competitive Bidding：国内竞争性招标International Shopping：国际询价采购Direct Contracting：直接采购采购货物和土建工程的其他方法，包括有限的国际招标，国内竞争性招标，国际询价采购，和直接采购。
第八句：This section outlines（n.大纲；v.陈述）the bidding process of International Competitive Bidding.本节概述了国际公开竞争性招标过程。
第二段：The objective of International Competitive Bidding (ICB) is to provide （all eligible（合格的）prospective（潜在的、预期的）bidders with timely（及时的）and adequate（丰富的）notification of a Borrower’s requirements）and （an equal opportunity to bid for（对……进行投标）the required goods and works）.国际竞争性招标（ICB）的目的在于将借款人的要求及时地、充分地通知给所有合格的、潜在的投标人，并为他们提供对所需货物和工程进行投标的平等机会。
Notification 通知第三段：第一句：Timely notification of bidding opportunities is essential（重要的）in competitive bidding.在竞争性招标中，及时通告投标机会是很重要的。
第二句：For projects which include procurement on the basis of ICB, the Borrower is required to prepare and submit（提交）to the Band a draft（草稿）General Procurement Notice.对于那些包含国际竞争性招标采购的项目，要求借款人准备并向银行提交一份采购总公告草稿.第三句：The Bank will arrange for its publication（刊登，印刷）in Development Business(UNDB).银行将安排把公告刊登在联合国发展商业报上。
第四句：The notice shall contain information concerning the Borrower (or prospective Borrower), amount and purpose of the loan, scope of procurement under ICB, and the name and address of the Borrower’s agency responsible for procurement and the address of the website where specific procurement notices will be posted.公告应包括如下信息：借款人（或预期借款人）名称，贷款金额和用途，国际竞争性招标采购的范围，以及借款人负责采购的单位名称和地址，以及发布具体采购通知的网址。
第五句：If known, the scheduled date（预定日期）for availability（可得到的）of prequalification（资格预审文件）or bidding documents should be indicated（指明的）.如果已知，还应指明可得到资格预审文件或招标文件的预定日期。
第六句：The Borrower shall maintain（维持） a list of responses to the notice.借款人应保持一份对总公告作出反应情况的一览表。
第七句：The related prequalification or bidding documents, as the case may be（视情况而定）, shall not be released（释放、开放）to（发布）the public earlier than eight weeks after the date of publication of the notice.有关资格预审文件或招标文件（视具体情况而定）不得早于刊登采购总公告之日后的八周对外发布。
第八句：The General Procurement Notice shall be updated（更新）annually（每年）for all outstanding（列出的）procurement.每年应对采购总公告进行更新，以反映尚未采购的内容。
Prequalification of Bidders 投标人预审资格第四段：第一句：Prequalification is usually necessary 【for （large or complex（复杂的）works）, or （in any other circumstances（情况、环境）in which the high costs of preparing detailed bids could discourage（不鼓励、妨碍）competition）, （such as custom-designed equipment, industrial plant, specialized services, some complex information and technology and contracts to be let under turnkey（交钥匙）, design and build, or management contracting）】.对于大型或复杂的土建工程，或在准备详细投标文件的高成本可能会妨碍竞争的任何其它情况下，诸如为用户专门设计的设备、工业成套设备、专业化服务，以及交钥匙合同、设计和建造合同，或管理承包合同等，资格预审通常是必要的。
第二句：This also ensures that invitations（邀请）to bid are extended（扩充,扩大,扩展;发挥(力量);延续）only to those who have adequate capabilities and resources.这也保证了招标邀请只发给那些有足够能力和资源的厂商。
第三句：Prequalification may also be useful to determine eligibility（1有参加比赛的资格2合格）for preference（优先权;特惠;(债权人)受优先偿还的权利;选择机会）for domestic（国内的,本国的,对内的）contractors（对国内承包商优惠）where this is allowed.对国内承包商有优惠的情况下，资格预审也可确定其是否有资格享受优惠。