模拟试题一及答案

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模拟科目一试题及答案

模拟科目一试题及答案

模拟科目一试题及答案一、单项选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. 驾驶机动车,遇有前方车辆停车排队等候或者缓慢行驶时,应当:A. 从右侧超车B. 从左侧超车C. 依次排队等候D. 穿插等候的车辆答案:C2. 机动车通过没有交通信号灯控制也没有交通警察指挥的交叉路口时,应当:A. 快速通过B. 减速慢行C. 停车让行D. 鸣笛示意答案:B3. 机动车在高速公路上行驶,车速超过每小时100公里时,应当与同车道前车保持的安全距离是:A. 不少于50米B. 不少于100米C. 不少于150米D. 不少于200米答案:B4. 机动车驾驶证有效期满换证的,应当在有效期满前多少日内申请换证?A. 30日B. 60日C. 90日D. 180日答案:C5. 驾驶机动车在道路上行驶,遇到行人横过道路时,应当:A. 减速让行B. 鸣笛示意C. 加速通过D. 停车让行答案:A6. 机动车在道路上发生故障,难以移动时,应当:A. 立即驶离B. 停车检查C. 立即报警D. 在车后设置警告标志答案:D7. 机动车在高速公路上行驶,遇到雾天能见度低于50米时,应当:A. 继续行驶B. 减速行驶C. 停车等待D. 打开双闪答案:C8. 机动车在道路上临时停车,驾驶人不得离开车辆,且应当:A. 打开双闪B. 打开车门C. 打开车窗D. 关闭车窗答案:A9. 机动车在道路上行驶,遇到交通信号灯黄灯亮时,应当:A. 立即停车B. 继续行驶C. 减速慢行D. 快速通过答案:C10. 机动车在道路上行驶,遇到交通警察指挥时,应当:A. 按照交通信号灯指示行驶B. 按照交通标志指示行驶C. 按照交通警察的指挥行驶D. 按照交通标线指示行驶答案:C二、多项选择题(每题2分,共10分)1. 机动车在道路上行驶,遇到下列哪些情况时,应当减速慢行?A. 遇到行人B. 遇到动物C. 遇到学校D. 遇到医院答案:ABC2. 机动车在高速公路上行驶,遇到下列哪些情况时,应当使用危险报警闪光灯?A. 发生故障B. 遇到交通事故C. 遇到恶劣天气D. 遇到施工路段答案:ABCD3. 机动车在道路上行驶,下列哪些行为是违法的?A. 超速行驶B. 酒后驾驶C. 疲劳驾驶D. 无证驾驶答案:ABCD4. 机动车在道路上行驶,遇到下列哪些情况时,应当使用转向灯?A. 变更车道B. 转弯C. 靠边停车D. 超车答案:ABCD5. 机动车在道路上行驶,下列哪些情况下,驾驶人应当立即停车?A. 驾驶证丢失B. 机动车发生故障C. 机动车发生交通事故D. 机动车发生严重违法行为答案:BC三、判断题(每题1分,共10分)1. 机动车在道路上行驶,遇到交通信号灯红灯亮时,可以右转弯。

中考语文模拟试题卷及参考答案 (一)

中考语文模拟试题卷及参考答案 (一)

中考语文模拟试题卷及参考答案 (一)近来,全国各地的初中毕业班都陆续开始进行中考模拟考试,而语文成为了其中最为重要的一门科目。

正所谓,“语文是做好其他科目的基础”,因此,如何应对模拟考试,提高自己的语文水平备战中考也成了许多学生关注的话题。

一份好的模拟试题不仅能够真实模拟中考所考察的内容和难度,同时也能够帮助学生评估自己的学习成果,发现不足,纠正错误。

下面,笔者汇总了一份常见的中考语文模拟试题及参考答案,供学习参考。

第一部分:阅读理解(共25分)本部分共分三篇文章,每篇文章后有5个问题。

阅读时间为40分钟。

篇一:《天上的圆舞曲》孩子们在嬉闹,老人们在谈笑,城市的一草一木都在为今天做好准备,因为今天是烟花盛会的日子。

天上的圆舞曲是今天最重要的一场演出。

与众不同的是,这场演出是由天上的小动物们为大家表演的。

大家开心地庆祝着,天上的小动物也在认真排练。

1. 文章主要讲述的是什么?A. 烟花盛会的日子B. 天上的圆舞曲表演C. 城市的热闹景象D. 天上的小动物们的表演2. 天上的圆舞曲是由谁表演的?A. 孩子们B. 老人们C. 城市中的一草一木D. 天上的小动物们3. 以下哪句话说明了天上的小动物在认真排练?A. “孩子们在嬉闹”B. “老人们在谈笑”C. “城市的一草一木都在为今天做好准备”D. “天上的小动物也在认真排练”4. 为什么大家在开心地庆祝?A. 因为今天是烟花盛会的日子B. 因为今天是天上的圆舞曲表演日C. 因为城市中的一草一木都在为今天做好准备D. 因为孩子们在嬉闹5. 本文的文体是什么?A. 描写文B. 故事文C. 说明文D. 记叙文参考答案:1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.D篇二:《一只流浪的小猫》有一只小猫走丢了,只能四处流浪。

在这个寒冷的冬天,风雪把它冻得瑟瑟发抖。

它饿了三天三夜,身体如同小枯枝般瘦弱。

有一天,它感觉到了一丝暖意,走过去一看,原来是一家人的门稍微开了一点。

小猫轻轻地钻进去,躲在了床下。

考研英语模拟试题1及答案

考研英语模拟试题1及答案

考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides[C] Despite [D] Throughout2.[A] connected [B] restricted[C] equal [D] inferior3.[A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5.[A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6.[A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8.[A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9.[A] calculated [B] denied[C] doubted [D] imagined10.[A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15.[A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of[C] in the way of [D] in the name of17.[A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18.[A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20.[A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is thatairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大,有迹象表明:在可预见的未来,英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

《社会学概论》模拟考试(一)试题及答案

《社会学概论》模拟考试(一)试题及答案

一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1、严复将斯宾塞的《社会学研究》一书译作( B)A.《原强》B.《群学肄言》C.《社会学原理》D.《原富》2、下列的社会学家,主张冲突理论的是( B)A.齐美尔B.达伦多夫C.韦伯D.孔德3、一个群体和社会文化的外部表现为( C)A.符号B.规范C.礼俗D.价值4、个人参加社会生活的基本群体是(D )A.偶发群体B.社会类属C.次属群体D.首属群体5、下列属于服务组织的是(A)A.博物馆B.图书馆C.俱乐部D.医院6、职业流动的主流是( A)A.水平流动B.向下流动C.向上流动D.其它7、社会行为产生的根本原因是(D )A.人们的社会生活需要B.心理的需要C.生理的需要D.生产力发展的需要8、社会控制首先是对什么的制约(A )A.社会成员心理B.社会成员的社会行为C.社会成员的道德行为D.文化规范9、人类有史以来最后一种家庭形式是(D)A.偶婚制家庭B.伙婚制家庭C.普那路亚家庭D.专偶制家庭10、提出“X”理论与“Y”理论的是(D )A.巴纳德B.涂尔干C.科塞D.麦克雷戈11、构成文化的最小单位是(A )A.文化元素B.文化集丛C.文化模式D.礼仪12、社会学的科学方法论是( C)A.实证主义B.非实证主义C.历史唯物主义D.历史唯心主义13、孔德关于社会进步和发展的理论是(C )A.社会动力学B.社会静力学C.社会进化论D.社会发展论14、个人社会化的特点是(A )A.主动性B.自觉性C.互动性D.强制性15、作为社会和文化的缩影,是个人生活的基本社会环境的是(B )A.工作单位B.家庭C.社区D.大众传播16、马克思主义认为一切社会关系的首要问题是( C)A.利益B.需求C.生产D.阶级17、人类生活中,最基本最重要的制度是( B)A.社区B.群体C.家庭D.法律18、组织的核心是(B )A.组织的目标B.权力的划分C.组织的结构D.组织的功能19、社区的首要功能是(A )A.经济生活B.社会化C.社会控制D.社会参与20、社会群体存在的本质反映是(B )A.生产关系B.社会关系C.组织D.人的本质二、多项选择题(每小题2分,共20分)1、现代社会变迁的特点有(ABCD E )A.速度日趋加快B.受科学技术的影响越来越大C.带来了越来越多的问题D.受人们自觉控制的程度不断提高E.相关性日趋增强2、我国家庭的发展,出现了同西方家庭发展相同的趋势,主要表现在(ABC )A.家庭规模小B.家庭功能有所变化C.对家庭价值的认识趋向现代化D.家庭规模扩大E.对家庭价值的认识出现后现代意识3、文化的空间结构包括(ABC D )A.文化区B.文化区域C.文化圈D.边际文化E.多元文化4、社会学的主要特征有(ABCD E )A.整体性B.综合性C.广泛性D.应用性E.多样性5、下列有关社会唯名论正确的是(CD AB)A.否认一般的客观实在性B.否认概念的客观内容C.只有个人才是真实存在的D.个人行为及其细节是社会学研究对象E.认为只有个别事物才是真实存在的6、文化交流包括(C E BA )A.文化接触B.文化冲突C.文化采借D.文化移植E.文化融合7、帕森斯认为群体具有的功能有(ABDC )A.适应环境B.实现目标C.统一内部D.维持价值E.更新价值8、宏观社会控制包挂哪些方面的控制(ABCD )A.政治B.经济C.文化D.意识形态E.心理9、社会学创立和形成时期的代表者有(ABCDE )A.孔德B.斯宾塞C.涂尔干D.韦伯E.马克思10、个人社会化的基本内容可以简括为(ACD E B)A.技能社会化B.政治社会化C.行为社会化D.性别角色社会化E.文化社会化三、名词解释(每小题4分,共16分)1、组织结构2、制度化控制3、社会现代化4、社会问题四、简答题(每小题6分,共24分)1、为什么说,生产关系是最基本的社会关系?2、简述社会舆论在社会控制中的重要性。

广东省2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一)语文试题及答案

广东省2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一)语文试题及答案

广东省2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一)语文试题一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:千里迢迢,远涉重洋来到这北美胜地丹佛,接受应用人类学会给我的马林诺斯基纪念奖,我的心情已经远远超过了寻常的欣慰和感激。

我师事马林诺斯基教授为时不久,只有两年。

我就教于他的门下实有内在的原因,首要的原因是我学习社会人类学的动机。

我在《乡土中国》导言中有过一段自白。

当时作为一个30年代的中国青年,处于民族和国家存亡绝续的关头,很容易意识到个人与社会集体的密切关系,而觉悟到不解决民族和国家的前途问题,就谈不到个人的出路,当时像我一样的青年人,开始认识到必须对中国社会有清楚的理解,因而要求摸索出一条科学地研究中国社会的道路。

我早年所追求的就是用社会科学知识来改造人类社会,就是跑出书斋,甚至抛开书本,走入农村、城镇等社区,通过实地观察和体验社会生活来了解中国社会。

但是通过实地观察体验得到的许多资料怎样去整理、分析、解释以达到认识中国社会的目的呢?为了解决这些问题,我找到了马林诺斯基教授的门上。

在他的指导下,我把去英国前在家乡一个农村里所记下的调查资料,整理和编写成《中国农民生活》这本书。

人民中国建立后,摆在中国人民面前的是怎样迅速建成社会主义现代化国家的问题。

我于是投身到民族的研究工作中。

我国是统一的多民族国家,解放后,各族人民一致要求实现民族平等。

各级人民代表大会里要有各民族的代表,民族聚居区要建立民族区域自治;各民族可以使用各自的语言文字,各个民族的风俗习惯和信仰也受到合理的尊重……要落实这些措施,许多具体的情况必须要搞清楚。

比如,中国究竟有哪些民族?各有多少人?分布在什么地方?另外,我所参与的研究工作是跟人民的要求和政府工作的开展相适应的。

各民族为了改变落后面貌、发展经济和文化,要求进行必要的社会改革,而这些改革必须从他们当时的发展阶段出发,由他们本民族人民自愿进行。

驾驶证f证考试科目一模拟试题及答案

驾驶证f证考试科目一模拟试题及答案

驾驶证f证考试科目一模拟试题及答案驾驶证F证考试科目一模拟试题及答案一、单选题1. 根据《道路交通安全法》,驾驶机动车在高速公路上行驶,最高时速不得超过多少公里?A. 120公里B. 100公里C. 80公里D. 60公里答案:A2. 机动车驾驶证有效期满后,需要在多长时间内申请换证?A. 30日内B. 60日内C. 90日内D. 180日内答案:C3. 驾驶摩托车时,以下哪个行为是正确的?A. 单手驾驶B. 双手离开车把C. 戴安全头盔D. 边驾驶边使用手机答案:C二、多选题4. 下列哪些情况需要立即停车?A. 发现车辆有故障B. 遇到交通事故C. 遇到交通管制D. 遇到行人过马路答案:A, B, C5. 驾驶摩托车时,以下哪些行为是违法的?A. 酒后驾驶B. 超载C. 未戴安全头盔D. 未按规定使用转向灯答案:A, B, C, D三、判断题6. 驾驶摩托车时,可以不戴安全头盔。

答案:错误7. 驾驶摩托车在高速公路上行驶时,可以随意变道。

答案:错误8. 驾驶摩托车在夜间行驶时,应使用近光灯。

答案:正确四、填空题9. 驾驶摩托车时,应保持车距,以确保安全。

在高速公路上行驶时,车距应保持在____米以上。

答案:10010. 驾驶摩托车时,遇到交通信号灯为红灯时,应____。

答案:停车等待五、简答题11. 请简述驾驶摩托车在雨天行驶时应注意的事项。

答案:在雨天行驶时,应注意减速慢行,保持车距,避免急刹车,确保视线清晰,使用雨刮器,并注意路面湿滑情况。

12. 请简述驾驶摩托车在夜间行驶时应注意的事项。

答案:在夜间行驶时,应注意使用近光灯,保持车距,避免使用远光灯影响对向车辆驾驶员视线,注意行人和非机动车,减速慢行,并随时准备应对突发情况。

模拟试题及答案:全国一级计算机等级考试

模拟试题及答案:全国一级计算机等级考试

模拟试题及答案:全国一级计算机等级考

试题一:计算机基础知识
1. 什么是计算机硬件?
- 答案:计算机硬件是指计算机系统中所有可以看得见、摸得着的实体部分,包括主机、显示器、键盘、鼠标等。

2. 请列举三种常见的计算机操作系统。

- 答案:Windows、Mac OS、Linux。

试题二:计算机网络
1. 什么是IP地址?
- 答案:IP地址是用于识别和定位计算机或网络设备的一组数字,用于在计算机网络中进行通信和数据传输。

试题三:计算机应用
1. Microsoft Word是什么类型的应用软件?
- 答案:Microsoft Word是一种文字处理软件,用于创建、编
辑和格式化文本文档。

2. 请简要解释什么是电子邮件。

- 答案:电子邮件是一种通过计算机网络进行传输的电子信件,可以实现跨地域、跨国家的快速通信和信息交流。

以上为模拟试题及答案,供参考使用。

请注意,答案仅供参考,具体考试内容以官方发布为准。

《大学英语(一)》模拟试题及答案

《大学英语(一)》模拟试题及答案

《大学英语(一)》模拟试题一第一部分:交际用语(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)此部分共有5个未完成的对话,针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项,请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并用铅笔将答案题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

示例[A] [B] [C] [D]1. — I had a wonderful night and thanks for your invitation.—_____D__A. What you have said!B. No, no. It's my honor.C. You can't say that.D. Good night.2. — What about giving up smoking?— ____A___A. Good idea.B. Help yourself.C. Let it be, please.D. It is not your business.3. — Hello, Linda. How are you?— ___B____— I'm fine, thank you.A. How are you?B. Fine, thank you. And you?C. How do you do?D. I'm good.4. — I was excited beyond description that I got this job.— ___D____A. Oh, that's very nice of you.B. It is great.C. It's a pleasure.D. I am delighted to hear that.5. — What's your favorite tea?—___C____A. I dislike black tea.B. I don't care for tea.C. I like jasmine tea.D. Yes, I have a hobby of drinking tea.第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)此部分共有4篇短文,每篇短文后有5个问题。

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模拟试题一及答案一、名词解释(每题5分,共20分) (1)二、简答题(每题10分,共40分) (1)三、分析题(每题20分,共40分) (2)答案 (2)一、名词解释(每题5分,共20分)1. 地理信息系统2. TIN模型3. 元数据4. 信息二、简答题(每题10分,共40分)1. 地理信息系统的组成。

2. 简述栅格数据及其主要编码方式。

3. 格网DEM分析的主要应用。

4. 根据下面示意图,给出其的矢量数据结构编码。

三、分析题(每题20分,共40分)1. 论述点、线、多边形数据之间的叠加分析的内容和方法。

2. 结合自己的实际工作,论述一个地理信息系统的应用实例答案一、名词解释1. 地理信息系统的定义是由两个部分组成的。

一方面,地理信息系统是一门学科,是描述、存储、分析和输出空间信息的理论和方法的一门新兴的交叉学科;另一方面,地理信息系统是一个技术系统,是以地理空间数据库为基础,采用地理模型分析方法,适时提供多种空间的和动态的地理信息,为地理研究和地理决策服务的计算机技术系统。

2. TIN即不规则三角网(Triangulated Irregular Network),是一种表示数字高程模型的方法。

TIN模型根据区域有限个点集将区域划分为相连的三角面网络,区域中任意点落在三角面的顶点、边上或三角形内。

如果点不在顶点上,该点的高程值通常通过线性插值的方法得到。

3. 元数据是关于数据的描述性数据信息,它应尽可能多地反映数据集自身的特征规律,以便于用户对数据集的准确、高效与充分的开发与利用。

元数据的内容包括对数据集的描述、)对数据质量的描述、对数据处理信息的说明、对数据转换方法的描述、对数据库的更新、集成等的说明。

4. 信息是向人们或机器提供关于现实世界新的事实的知识,是数据、消息中所包含的意义,它不随载体的物理设备形式的改变而改变。

二、简答题1. 地理信息系统的组成。

一个完整的GIS主要由四个部分构成,即计算机硬件系统、计算机软件系统、地理数据(或空间数据)和系统管理操作人员。

其核心部分是计算机系统(软件和硬件),空间数据反映GIS的地理内容,而管理人员和用户则决定系统的工作方式和信息表示方式。

(1)计算机硬件系统:是计算机系统中的实际物理装置的总称,是GIS的物理外壳。

包括输入/输出设备、中央处理单元、存储器等,向提供信息、保存数据、返回信息给用户。

(2)计算机软件系统:计算机软件系统是指必需的各种程序。

对于GIS应用而言,通常包括:计算机系统软件、地理信息系统软件和其他支持软件、应用分析程序。

(3)系统开发、管理和使用人员:完善的地理信息系统项目应包括负责系统设计和执行的项目经理、信息管理的技术人员、系统用户化的应用工程师以及最终运行系统的用户。

地理信息系统专业人员是地理信息系统应用的关键。

(4)空间数据:它是由系统的建立者输入GIS,是系统程序作用的对象,是GIS所表达的现实世界经过模型抽象的实质性内容。

主要包括空间位置、空间关系、属性等。

2. 简述栅格数据及其主要编码方式。

栅格结构是最简单最直接的空间数据结构,是指将地球表面划分为大小均匀紧密相邻的网格阵列,每个网格作为一个象元或象素由行、列定义,并包含一个代码表示该象素的属性类型或量值,或仅仅包括指向其属性记录的指针。

因此,栅格结构是以规则的阵列来表示空间地物或现象分布的数据组织,组织中的每个数据表示地物或现象的非几何属性特征。

栅格数据的主要编码方式包括:(1)直接栅格编码:这是最简单直观而又非常重要的一种栅格结构编码方法,就是将栅格数据看作一个数据矩阵,逐行(或逐列)逐个记录代码,可以每行都从左到右逐个象元记录,也可以奇数行地从左到右而偶数行地从右向左记录,为了特定目的还可采用其他特殊的顺序。

(2)压缩编码方法:目前有一系列栅格数据压缩编码方法,如键码、游程长度编码、块码和四叉树编码等。

其目的是用尽可能少的数据量记录尽可能多的信息,其类型又有信息无损编码和信息有损编码之分。

a)链码:又称为弗里曼链码或边界链码,链码可以有效地压缩栅格数据,而且对于估算面积、长度、转折方向的凹凸度等运算十分方便,比较适合于存储图形数据。

b)游程长度编码:栅格图像常常有行(或列)方向上相邻的若干点具有相同的属性代码,因而可采取某种方法压缩那些重复的记录内容。

一种编码方案是,只在各行(或列)数据的代码发生变化时依次记录该代码以及相同的代码重复的个数;另一种方案是逐个记录各行(或列)代码发生变化的位置和相应代码,c)块码:块码是游程长度编码扩展到二维的情况,采用方形区域作为记录单元,每个记录单元包括相邻的若干栅格,数据结构由初始位置(行、列号)和半径,再加上记录单位的代码组成。

d)四叉树:又称四元树或四分树,是最有效的栅格数据压缩编码方法之一。

四叉树将整个图像区逐步分解为一系列被单一类型区域内含的方形区域,最小的方形区域为一个栅格象元。

分割的原则是,不管是哪一层上的象限,只要划分到仅代表一种地物或符合既定要求的少数几种地物时,则不再继续划分,否则一直划分到单个栅格象元为止。

3. 格网DEM分析的主要应用。

(1)地形曲面拟合:DEM最基础的应用是求DEM范围内任意点的高程,在此基础上进行地形属性分析。

由于已知有限个格网点的高程,可以利用这些格网点高程拟合一个地形曲面,推求区域内任意点的高程。

(2)立体透视图:绘制透视立体图是DEM的一个极其重要的应用。

透视立体图能更好地反映地形的立体形态,非常直观。

人们可以根据不同的需要,对于同一个地形形态作各种不同的立体显示,更好地研究地形的空间形态。

(3)通视分析:通视分析有着广泛的应用背景。

典型的例子是观察哨所的设定、森林中火灾监测点的设定、无线发射塔的设定等。

通视问题可以分为五类:a)已知一个或一组观察点,找出某一地形的可见区域;b)欲观察到某一区域的全部地形表面,计算最少观察点数量;c)在观察点数量一定的前提下,计算能获得的最大观察区域;d)以最小代价建造观察塔,要求全部区域可见;e)在给定建造代价的前提下,求最大可见区。

根据问题输出维数的不同,通视可分为点的通视,线的通视和面的通视。

(4)流域特征地貌提取与地形自动分割:是进行流域空间模拟的基础技术。

主要包括两个方面:a)流域地貌形态结构定义,定义能反映流域结构的特征地貌,建立格网DEM对应的微地貌特征;b)特征地貌自动提取和地形自动分割算法。

(5)计算地形属性:DEM派生的地形属性数据可以分为单要素属性和复合属性二种。

前者可由高程数据直接计算得到,如坡度因子,坡向。

后者是由几个单要素属性按一定关系组合成的复合指标,用于描述某种过程的空间变化,这种组合关系通常是经验关系,也可以使用简化的自然过程机理模型。

4. 根据下面示意图,给出其的矢量数据结构编码。

点:线:多边形三、分析题(每题20分,共40分)1. 论述点、线、多边形数据之间的叠加分析的内容和方法。

(1)点与多边形叠加点与多边形叠加,实际上是计算多边形对点的包含关系,进行点是否在一个多边形中的空间关系判断。

在完成点与多边形的几何关系计算后,还要进行属性信息处理。

最简单的方式是将多边形属性信息叠加到其中的点上。

当然也可以将点的属性叠加到多边形上,用于标识该多边形,如果有多个点分布在一个多边形内的情形时,则要采用一些特殊规则,如将点的数目或各点属性的总和等信息叠加到多边形上。

通过点与多边形叠加,可以计算出每个多边形类型里有多少个点,不但要区分点是否在多边形内,还要描述在多边形内部的点的属性信息。

通常不直接产生新数据层面,只是把属性信息叠加到原图层中,然后通过属性查询间接获得点与多边形叠加的需要信息。

例如一个中国政区图(多边形)和一个全国矿产分布图(点),二者经叠加分析后,并且将政区图多边形有关的属性信息加到矿产的属性数据表中,然后通过属性查询,可以查询指定省有多少种矿产,产量有多少;而且可以查询,指定类型的矿产在哪些省里有分布等信息。

(2)线与多边形叠加线与多边形的叠加,是比较线上坐标与多边形坐标的关系,判断线是否落在多边形内。

计算过程通常是计算线与多边形的交点,只要相交,就产生一个结点,将原线打断成一条条弧段,并将原线和多边形的属性信息一起赋给新弧段。

叠加的结果产生了一个新的数据层面,每条线被它穿过的多边形打断成新弧段图层,同时产生一个相应的属性数据表记录原线和多边形的属性信息。

根据叠加的结果可以确定每条弧段落在哪个多边形内,可以查询指定多边形内指定线穿过的长度。

如果线状图层为河流,叠加的结果是多边形将穿过它的所有河流打断成弧段,可以查询任意多边形内的河流长度,进而计算它的河流密度等;如果线状图层为道路网,叠加的结果可以得到每个多边形内的道路网密度,内部的交通流量,进入、离开各个多边形的交通量,相邻多边形之间的相互交通量。

(3)多边形叠加多边形叠加是GIS最常用的功能之一。

多边形叠加将两个或多个多边形图层进行叠加产生一个新多边形图层的操作,其结果将原来多边形要素分割成新要素,新要素综合了原来两层或多层的属性。

叠加过程可分为几何求交过程和属性分配过程两步。

几何求交过程首先求出所有多边形边界线的交点,再根据这些交点重新进行多边形拓扑运算,对新生成的拓扑多边形图层的每个对象赋一多边形唯一标识码,同时生成一个与新多边形对象一一对应的属性表。

多边形叠加结果通常把一个多边形分割成多个多边形,属性分配过程最典型的方法是将输入图层对象的属性拷贝到新对象的属性表中,或把输入图层对象的标识作为外键,直接关联到输入图层的属性表。

这种属性分配方法的理论假设是多边形对象内属性是均质的,将它们分割后,属性不变。

也可以结合多种统计方法为新多边形赋属性值。

多边形叠加完成后,根据新图层的属性表可以查询原图层的属性信息,新生成的图层和其它图层一样可以进行各种空间分析和查询操作。

根据叠加结果最后欲保留空间特征的不同要求,一般的GIS软件都提供了三种类型的多边形叠加操作:并、叠和、交。

2. 结合自己的实际工作,论述一个地理信息系统的应用实例。

(略)。

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