9分达人阅读AmateurNaturalists精读笔记汇总

Amateur[ˈæmətə(r)] Naturalists[ˈnætʃrəlɪst]Ecologists[i:ˈkɔlədʒɪsts] are using a wealth of unusual data to predict he impact of climate change.生态学家们通过大量民间数据来预测气候变化带来的影响a wealth ofSn.大量;丰富If you say that someone or something has a wealth of good qualities or things, you are emphasizing that they have a very large number or amount of them.FORMAL 正式...such a wealth of creative expertise[ˌekspɜ:ˈti:z]...如此丰富的创造性Un.专门技能The city boasts[bəʊst]v.有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产）a wealth of beautiful churches.这座城市拥有众多美丽的教堂A:Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound装订的notebook out of an envelope[ˈenvəl əʊp].Tim Sparks从信封里取出了一本皮面笔记本slide out ofThe book’s yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire.笔记本的纸页已经微微泛黄，它记载了在Kilworth, Leicestershire居住的已故的养蜂人Walter Coates从1941年到1969年间的养蜂记录lateadj.已故的；已逝的；（尤指）新近去世的Y ou use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently.His growing pile[paɪl] of local journals他那堆越来越多的地方日报a pile of“We’re uncovering about one major new record each month.”“我们每个月都会发现一个新的记录”uncoverv.揭露，发现（隐秘之事）If you uncover something, especially something that has been kept secret, you discover or find out about it.Auditors[ˈɔ:dɪtə(r)] said they had uncovered evidence of fraud...审计人员说他们已经发现了欺诈的证据A specific plot to kill him was uncovered in the past couple of weeks.一个针对他的暗杀阴谋在过去几周里被揭露了出来v.发现，发掘（地下埋藏之物）When people who are digging somewhere uncover something, they find a thing or a place that has been under the ground for a long time.Archaeologists[ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst]have uncovered an 11,700-year-old hunting camp in Alaska[əˈlæskə].考古学家们在阿拉斯加发现了一个距今11,700年的狩猎营地v.揭开…的盖子；除去…上的覆盖物To uncover something means to remove something that is covering it.When the seedlings[ˈsi:dlɪŋ]sprout[spraʊt], uncover the tray[treɪ].秧苗发芽后，就把盘子上的盖子拿掉When the first wood anemones[əˈneməni] flowered, the dates on which the oaks[əʊk] burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting.银莲花第一次开花的时间、橡树抽芽的时间以及白嘴鸦开始筑巢的时间burst into leaf or flower（花、叶等）突然绽放，突然长出When plants burst into leaf or flower, their leaves or flowers suddenly open.WRITTEN 笔语...rows of wallflowers promising to burst into bloom.一排排桂竹香含苞待放Successive[səkˈsesɪv]Marshams continued compiling[kəmˈpaɪl] these notes for 211 years.Marsham家族一代代的后人们搜集这些资料长达211年successiveadj.连续的;接连的;相继的Successive means happening or existing one after another without a break.Jackson was the winner for a second successive year...杰克逊已经是连续第二年获胜了Britain was suffering from the failure of successive governments to co-ordinate a national transport policy.接连几届政府都没能协调出一个全国性的交通运输政策，英国因此而深受其苦compilev.汇编;编制;编纂When you compile something such as a report, book, or programme, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information.Councils were required to compile a register of all adults living in their areas...各地政务委员会被要求编制一份该地区成年居民的名册The book took 10 years to compile...编这本书花了10年时间B:Ecologists interested in the timing of biological events or phenology[fəˈnɒlədʒi]物候学研究生物自然现象时间或者生态生物学的生态学者们timingUn.时机掌握;时间选择Timing is the skill or action of judging the right moment in a situation or activity at which to do something.His photo is a wonderful happy moment caught with perfect timing...他拍的照片时机掌握完美，记录下了动人的快乐瞬间If your timing is right, you may be fortunate enough to stumble[ˈstʌmbl] across a village festival.如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地撞上某个乡村节日Un.时间安排Timing is used to refer to the time at which something happens or is planned to happen, or to the length of time that something takes.The timing of the minister's visit, however, could somewhat detract[dɪˈtrækt] from the goodwill it's supposed to generate.但是，部长访问的时间安排不当，可能会有损访问的善意，使其不能得到有效传达a small band of researchers一小部分研究者Cn.-COLL （一）群；（一）帮；（一）伙A band of people is a group of people who have joined together because they share an interest or belief....a small but growing band of Japanese companies taking their first steps into American publishing.数量不多、但仍在增长的一批初次涉足美国出版业的日本公司And more systematic projects have also started up, producing an overwhelming[ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ] response.与此同时，更多系统性的工作也已经展开，并创造了惊人的成果overwhelmingadj.极强烈的；势不可挡的；令人不知所措的If something is overwhelming, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps...如果将这个任务细分为简单易行的若干步骤来做，便不会感到如此无所适从She felt an overwhelming desire to have another child.她一心想再要一个孩子adj.（数量）巨大的，压倒性的You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.The overwhelming majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months...绝大多数小企业在头两年内就破产了“The amount of interest is almost frightening.”“让人感兴趣的信息量简直多得惊人！”The number of youngsters involved in crime is frightening.年轻人犯罪的人数多得骇人the Center for Ecology[iˈkɒlədʒi] and Hydrology[haɪˈdrɒlədʒi]生态与水文研究中心C:“Closet[ˈklɒzɪt] phenologists”“橱柜里的生态生物学家们”He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another.现在他把大量的时间用来追寻这些历史数据，从一个材料到另一个材料As news of his quest[kwest] spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phenologists come out of their closets.这个消息不胫而走，其他人也不断给他提供一些类似材料的信息，越来越多的业余生态生物学家们也从他们的“橱柜”中走了出来questCn.(长期艰难的)追求，探索，寻找A quest is a long and difficult search for something.My quest for a better bank continues.我继续寻找一家更好的银行...his quest to find true love...他对真爱的不懈追寻tip somebody off给…通风报信;暗中告知If someone tips you off, they give you information about something that has happened or is going to happen.Greg tipped police off on his car phone about a suspect drunk driver...格雷格用他的汽车电话向警方报告了一个有酒后驾驶嫌疑的司机He was arrested two days later after a friend tipped off the FBI.他的一个朋友给美国联邦调查局报了信两天以后他就被捕了magnolia [mægˈnəʊliə] tree木兰花树D:Other researchers have unearthed[ʌnˈɜ:θ] data from equally odd sources.其他研究人员也从这类独特的资源中发掘出了有价值的数据unearthv.发现；揭露If someone unearths facts or evidence about something bad, theydiscover them with difficulty, usually because they were being kept secret or were being lied about.Researchers have unearthed documents indicating her responsibility for the forced adoption of children...调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收养儿童事件负有责任的文件The frauds have been unearthed by investigators working for the Camden Health Authority.这些欺诈行为已被卡姆登卫生局的调查人员揭露了出来...the unearthing of a plot to assassinate[əˈsæsɪneɪt] the President.行刺总统的阴谋的曝光v.发掘，挖掘（埋藏物）If someone unearths something that is buried, they find it by digging in the ground.Fossil hunters have unearthed the bones of an elephant believed to be 500,000 years old.化石搜集者们发掘出了一具大象骨骼，据信距今已有50万年...saying that the treasure had been unearthed on his property...称宝藏是在他家地里挖掘出来的More human remains have been unearthed in the north.北部又挖掘出了更多的人体遗骸v.找到，发现（隐藏或丢失之物）If you say that someone has unearthed something, you mean that they have found it after it had been hidden or lost for some time.From somewhere, he had unearthed a black silk suit...他不知从哪里找来了一套黑色的丝绸衣服Today I unearthed a copy of '90 Minutes' and had a chuckle[ˈtʃʌkl] at your article.今天我找到了一期《90分钟》杂志，读了你的文章咯咯笑了半天Participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a specially erected[ɪˈrekt] wooden tripod[ˈtraɪpɒd] Cn.三脚架will fall through the surface of a thawing[θɔ:] river.这长度赛事在正在融化的河面上搭建一种特殊的三脚架，参与者要猜出她倒在河面上的精确时间erectv.建造;建筑;设置If people erect something such as a building, bridge, or barrier, they build it or create it.FORMAL 正式Opposition[ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn]demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament[ˈpɑ:ləmənt] building...反对派示威者已经在通往国会大厦的道路上设置了路障The building was erected in 1900-1901...这座建筑建于1900到1901年间We all unconsciously erect barriers against intimacy[ˈɪntɪməsi] Un..我们都会无意中对他人的亲近、亲密有所设防v.建立（体制);创建（机构);创立（理论）If you erect a system, a theory, or aninstitution, you create it.Japanese proprietors[prəˈpraɪətə(r)] are erecting a complex infrastructure[ˈɪnfrəstr ʌktʃə(r)] of political influence throughout America...日本商人、业主正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构He erected a new doctrine[ˈdɒktrɪn] of precedent[ˈpresɪdənt] n..他创立了一套新的判例、先例、前例原则、信条、主义、学说、（尤指）宗教教义；(尤指政府外交政策的)正式声明...the whole edifice[ˈedɪfɪs]Cn. of free trade which has been erected since the Second World War.第二次世界大战以来形成的整个自由贸易体系thawv.(冰雪等)融化，融解，解冻When ice, snow, or something else that is frozen thaws, it melts.It's so cold the snow doesn't get a chance to thaw...天太冷了，雪根本化不了The ground has thawed.地面解冻了Cn.(通常指冬末的)解冻时节，天气回暖期A thaw is a period of warmer weather when snow and ice melt, usually at the end of winter.We slogged[slɒg] through the mud[mʌd] of an early spring thaw.我们在初春解冻时节的泥泞中艰难行进v.(使)(冷冻食品)解冻，融化When you thaw frozen food or when it thaws, you leave it in a place where it can reach room temperature so that it is ready for use. Always thaw pastry[ˈpeɪstri]thoroughly[ˈθʌrəli]...每次都要保证油酥面团彻底解冻The food in the freezer had thawed during a power cut.冰箱里的食物在停电期间化开了Thaw out means the same as thaw .I remember to thaw out the chicken before I leave home.我记着出门前把鸡肉化开v.&Cn.(使)(关系)回暖，缓和，改善If something thaws relations between people or if relations thaw, they become friendly again after a period of being unfriendly.At least this second meeting had helped to thaw the atmosphere...这第二次会议至少起到了缓和气氛的作用It took up to Christmas for political relations to thaw.直到圣诞节政治关系才有所改善His visit is one of the most striking[ˈstraɪkɪŋ]adj.results of the thaw in relations between East and West.他的访问是东西方关系缓和的最突出的、引人注目的、异乎寻常的、显著的成果之一The competition has taken place annually on the Tenana River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five days earlier than itdid when the contest began.在阿拉斯加Tenana河畔，这场比赛自1917年以来每年举办一届，通过研究这一比赛的结果可以发现，现在这条河流开始融化的日期比比赛诞生时早了5天E:a raft[rɑ:ft]Cn. of natural events很多自然现象the emergence[ɪ'mɜ:dʒəns]Un.出现;兴起of butterflies from hibernation蝴蝶羽化期emergence vs emergencyemergenceemergencyCn.紧急事件;意外事件;（尤指）事故Together with models of climate change, amateurs’records could help guide conservation[ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn].业余爱好者们的记录与气候变化模型可以帮助指导环境保护conservationUn.(对环境的)保护Conservation is saving and protecting the environment. ...a four-nation regional meeting on elephant conservation.四国保护大象的地区性会议...tree-planting and other conservation projects.植树以及其他环保计划Un.(对文物或艺术品的) 保护Conservation is saving and protecting historical objects or works of art such as paintings, sculptures, or buildings.Then he began his most famous work, the conservation and rebinding of the Book of Kells...之后他就开始了他最为出名的工作，即保护并重新装订《凯尔斯书》Un.节约;防止浪费The conservation of a supply of something is the careful use of it so that it lasts for a long time....projects aimed at promoting energy conservation.旨在促进节约能源的计划...rules concerning the conservation of fishery resources.有关保护渔业资源的规定Terry Root has collected birdwatchers’counts of wildfowl[ˈwaɪldfaʊl]Pn.taken between 1995 and 1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest.Terry Root收集了1955年到1996年间鸟类观察者在美国中西部季节性池塘中所做的野禽记录、计数Her analysis shows that the increased droughts[draʊt] that the models predict could halve[hɑ:v] the breeding populations at the ponds.经他分析发现，未来干旱气候将会增加，这一预测结果意味着池塘附近生物的繁殖量将会减半Halvev.把…减半;减到一半When you halve something or when it halves, it is reduced to half its previous size or amount.Dr Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of cancer of the colon[ˈkəʊlən]...李医生相信，锻炼身体能使患结肠癌的风险降低一半The work force has been halved in two years...劳动力在两年里减少了一半v.将…对半分;把…二等分If you halve something, you divide it into two equal parts.Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside with a spoon.将菠萝对半切开，用勺子挖出里面的果肉the number of waterfowl[ˈwɔ:təfaʊl] Cn.-COLL水禽数量F:an open snowdrop[ˈsnəʊdrɒp]雪花莲的开放“The biggest concern with ad hoc[ˌæd ˈhɒk]observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken.”“特殊观察最重要的是如何细致并系统地进行”ad hocadj.（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的An ad hoc activity or organization is done or formed only because a situation has made it necessary and is not planned in advance.The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.议会临时安排会议讨论问题...ad hoc committees to examine specific problems.研究具体问题的专门委员会“I noted when the leaves came out.”“我记录了叶子掉落的时间”Measuring the onset[ˈɒnset] of autumn can be particularly problematic[ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk]because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjective[səbˈdʒektɪv] process than noting when they appear.测量秋天的到来可能就很困难，因为确定叶子何时变黄比确定它什么时候发芽要主观得多the onset ofSn.（尤指不快之事的）开始，开端，肇始The onset of something is the beginning of it, used especially to refer to something unpleasant.Most of the passes have been closed with the onset of winter...冬天来临，大部分关口均已关闭With the onset of war, oil prices climbed past $30 a barrel[ˈbærəl].战争一爆发，油价就攀过了每桶30美元G:“They get at the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world.”“他们具有淳朴的科学力量：细致地观察了自然世界”But the professionals also acknowledge[əkˈnɒlɪdʒ]the need for careful quality control.但是专家们也清楚需要仔细考量记录的质量professionalacknowledgeRoot, for example, tries to gauge[ɡeɪdʒ] the quality of an amateur archive[ˈɑ:kaɪv] by interviewing its collector.比如，Root就准备和记录收集者进行面谈，来检测一份民间记录的可靠性archiveCn.档案;史料;记录;档案馆The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can also use archives to refer to the place where archives are stored....the archives of the Imperial[ɪmˈpɪəriəl] War Museum...帝国战争博物馆里的档案I decided I would go to the Archive the next day and look up the appropriate issue.我决定第二天去档案馆查找对应的问题“You always have to worry—things as trivial[ˈtrɪviəl]as vacations can affect measurement. I disregard[ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑ:d] a lot of records because they’re not rigorous[ˈr ɪgərəs] enough.”“你总是会担心——诸如度假之类的琐碎事情都会影响数据的准确性，我之所以有很多记录不采用，就是因为它们不够准确”trivialadj.琐碎的;不重要的;微不足道的If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious.The director tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later...主管试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些细枝末节的小事，可以稍后解决I don't like to visit the doctor just for something trivial.我不喜欢为一点小毛病就去看医生v.&Un.不理会;不顾;漠视If you disregard something, you ignore it or do not take account of it.rigorousadj.(测试、系统或程序)严格的，严密的，缜密的A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试...a rigorous system of blood analysis.缜密的血液分析系统...rigorous military training.严格的军事训练rigorously...rigorously conducted research.严格进行的研究adj.一丝不苟的;严格的;谨慎的If someone is rigorous in the way that they do something, they are very careful and thorough.He is rigorous in his control of expenditure.他对支出控制得非常严格The right statistics can iron[ˈaɪən] out some of the problems with amateur data.正确的统计数据可以消除民间记录的一些问题iron out解决;消除If you iron out difficulties, you resolve them and bring them to an end.It was in the beginning, when we were still ironing out problems...那是在刚开始,我们还在着力解决问题。