高分子材料与应用(英文版) Chapter 8 Functional Polymers
高分子材料的应用英文作文
高分子材料的应用英文作文Polymer materials have a wide range of applications in our daily lives. For example, plastic bottles are made of polymer materials, which are lightweight, durable, and cost-effective. They are widely used for packaging beverages, cosmetics, and household products.In the medical field, polymer materials are used to make artificial organs, medical devices, and drug delivery systems. For example, biodegradable polymers are used to make sutures, which can be absorbed by the body over time, eliminating the need for a second surgery to remove them.In the automotive industry, polymer materials are used to make lightweight and fuel-efficient components, such as bumpers, dashboards, and interior trims. These materials help reduce the overall weight of the vehicle, which in turn improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions.In the construction industry, polymer materials areused to make insulation materials, pipes, and roofing materials. For example, polyurethane foam is widely used as insulation material because of its high thermal resistance and energy-saving properties.In the electronics industry, polymer materials are used to make components such as printed circuit boards, insulating materials, and protective coatings. These materials offer excellent electrical insulation properties, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, making them ideal for electronic applications.In conclusion, polymer materials have a wide range of applications in various industries, including packaging, medical, automotive, construction, and electronics. Their unique properties, such as lightweight, durability, and flexibility, make them indispensable in modern society.。
高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译
Polymer Materials Engineering Professional EnglishText TranslationIntroductionAs an interdisciplinary field incorporating elements of both chemistry and engineering, Polymer Materials Engineering seeks to synthesize, process, and analyze polymers and polymer-based materialsfor a variety of industrial applications. Materials in this field can range from thermoplastics to thermosets, from elastomers to composites, and from gels to liquid crystals. The study of Polymer Materials Engineering is crucial for industries such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, healthcare, and electronics.To master Polymer Materials Engineering, one must not only have a solid foundation in engineering, chemistry, and physics, but also be proficient in technical English. Therefore, reading and translating English texts related to Polymer Materials Engineering is a vital skill for students and professionals in this field.In this article, we will provide a translation of an English text related to Polymer Materials Engineering, with the m of improving readers’ understanding and usage of specialized vocabulary in this field.Text TranslationOriginal English text:Rightly or wrongly, a connection often is made between themechanical performance of a polymeric material and its degree of crystallinity. The inference, however, can be incorrect as many other factors affect the mechanical response of polymer materials. Simply stated, crystalline regions are usually stronger and stiffer than amorphous regions. Generally, the degree of crystallinity that yields optimum properties depends on the polymer type and on the application.Translated text:通常我们会认为高分子材料的力学性能与其结晶度相关联，这种推论并不总是正确的。
高分子材料与工程专业英语答案
高分子材料与工程专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2】t all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kindof repeating unit. at the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an aminoacid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. in this case the molecular weightitself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. when the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
高分子材料与工程专业英语课后答案ppt课件
–单轴取向聚合物的机械性能 –各向同性聚合物在外界应力的作用下发生的结构重排
现象称为取向。对于无定形聚合物而言，这种取向仅 是无规线团分子链的重排（即分子取向）。结晶聚合 物的取向现象则较为复杂，微晶可重新取向甚至完全 重排，取向的重结晶可由施加的应力诱导。结晶材料 的重排现象可由其X射线衍射图案得到证实。 –几乎所有的聚合物都有某些取向：在样品成型过程中， 由于各种流动会发生分子取向，且在制品冷却过程中 部分取向会“冻结”在样品内部。但此类取向与拉伸 处理过程中的引力诱导取向相比可忽略不计。 –取向对聚合物的机械性能影响较大，取向聚合物在不 同方向的性能存在差异，及它们是各向异性的。 –丝、带和棒等沿一个方向进行拉伸时会发生单轴取向， 通常该过程是在略高于玻璃化转变温度的温度下进行 的。此时，聚合物分子链趋于沿拉伸方向平行排列， 尽管只有一小部分分子链段会形成完美的取向。
举例而言假定溶液中最终聚合物的浓度为10假如聚合反应潜热为698kjkg溶剂的比热为2093jkgk溶剂加入反应器时的温度为67度该温度远低于最终反应温度并足够能移走全部的聚合反应热
Unit 1 Exercises 1 translate the following into Chinese
并不是所有的聚合物都是由单一种类的重复单元键接 构成。另一个极端情况是， 蛋白子分子是n个氨基酸 重复单元键和在一起的聚酰胺。虽然在这种情况下， 我们仍可称n为聚合度，但已没什么意义，因为一个氨 基酸可以是蛋白质中20多种分子中的任何一个。在这 种情况下，通常用来描述分子的是分子量本身，而不 是聚合度。当各种氨基酸的实际含量已知，对生物化 学家和生物学家来说尤其感兴趣的是他们的序列。
–另外，虫胶的化学降解产物的气相色谱分析证 明，虫胶中存在几种饱和的和不饱和的长链脂 肪酸、其他多种羟基取代酸及非脂肪族化合物。
高分子材料及应用习题
Chapter 11. Many polymers occur in nature. Name any two naturally occurring polymers.2. What will happen when we begin heating each of the polymers below?a) A thermosetting (polymer).b) A thermoplastic (polymer).3. Name any two properties that you may look for in describing a polymer.4. Describe what is meant by the term "polymer".5. Briefly explain the difference in molecular chemistry between silicone polymer and other polymeric materials.Chapter 21.Give a definition to plastics. How are they composed of? What are the functionsof the components?2.What are thermoplastics? What are thermosetting plastics? Give a few examplesfor each.3.Explain the difference of properties between HDPE and LDPE according to theirchain structures?4.Explain why polyethylene is specially suitable for communication cable?5.What is metallocene PE? And what are the differences among metallocene PE,HDPE and LLDPE?6.How many types of conformations do the polypropylene have?pare the weathering stability of PP and PE, and explain it. five main processing methods for plastics.9.Describe the characteristics and application of PVC.10.What are the main properties of PS? When compared with PS, what advantagedoes ABS have?11.What are the properties and main application categories of PMMA12.Write down the chemical structure of PET?13.What are the structure characteristics of PTFE? Why it has good auto-lubricatingproperty?14.What are the main characteristics of Nylon families.pare the properties of Nylon with POM, and find out their potentialapplication fields.16.Why does PPS show an excellent heat resistance?17.List the main applications of PPS.18.Write down the formulations of epoxy resin.19.List the main applications of epoxy plastics.20.What are the main processing methods of thermosetting plastics?pared with thermoplastics, what are the advantage and disadvantage ofthermosetting plastics?22.What are meant by A-stage and B-stage phenolics?23.What are the characteristics and application categories of amino plastics24.List the main applications of unsaturated polyester.25.List the properties of glass fiber (GF) reinforced unsaturated polyester and GFreinforced epoxy plastics.26.Choose the suitable materials of the fabrication of street lamps housing, and tellthe reasons.(A) ABS, (B) carbon black filled ABS, (C) Polypropylene27. For preparing the drainage pipe, which of the following plastics is best, why? (A) PVC, (B) PP, (C) ABSChapter 31. List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.2. How do the thermal and mechanical properties of Nomex and Kevlar compare and how are these differences related to their chemical structure? Which polymer would be expected to have the largest characteristic ratio? How can molecular weight ofthese polymers be determined?3. What is the minimum length to diameter ratio for a substance to be classified as a fiber?4. Which is stronger: hydrogen bonding or dipole–dipole interactions?5. Besides hydrogen bonding, what else is characteristic of fiber molecules?6. Which is more hydrophobic: cellulose or nylon 6,6?7. Is rayon produced by wet or dry spinning?8. Name two fibers that are produced by melt spinning.9. Which has the lower denier value: a nylon fishline or nylon fiber used to manufacture hosiery?10. How do the polyester fibers produced originally by Carothers differ from today’s polyester fibers, such as Dacron?11. 天然纤维和化学纤维的种类有哪些？12. 纤维的分子结构对纤维的性能有何影响？13. 粘胶纤维为什么被称为再生纤维？其主要成分是什么？14. 在纤维生产过程中为什么要进行拉伸，在拉伸过程中纤维的结构会发生什么变化？15. 简述合成纤维生产过程中拉伸和热定型的作用。
高分子专业英语课程教学大纲
《高分子专业英语》课程教学大纲课程编号：0802505123课程名称：高分子专业英语英文名称：for Polymer Material课程类型：专业课总学时：32 讲课学时：32学分：2适用对象：高分子材料与工程专业本科生先修课程：大学英语、高分子物理、高分子化学一、课程性质、目的和任务高分子专业英语是高分子材料与工程专业的专业课。
对非英语专业的学生而言，英语水平和能力的培养不仅是文化素质的重要部分，在很大程度上也是能力的补充和延伸。
学生毕业后无论在企业、科研机构或高校工作，只要从事科技开发，大量需要查阅英文最新的第一手科技信息，这些信息多存在于当前发表的专利、专业杂志和新闻报导或评论体裁的专业文献中。
为了使学与用更好的连接起来，因此本课程除了向学生介绍本专业常用专业词汇及词组外，还要讲授专业英语的类型，内容的构成特点，特别是英文文献的写作特点，并结合最新的科技文献作为例子说明，从而使学生掌握专业文献的特点和相关的知识在专业英语中如何描述。
其目的是通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握高分子材料与工程专业所需的常用专业词汇及词组，阅读本专业的英文资料，顺利翻译本专业各种体裁的英文文献，并且具备初步的英文文献写作能力，为毕业设计的顺利开展、进行和毕业后从事专业工作打下必要的基础。
二、教学基本要求本课程从高分子的物理化学性质、聚合反应工程、高分子材料的加工、性能和应用等方面介绍相关的专业词汇，以常见高分子材料的名称、性质的英文翻译为重点。
学完本课程应达到以下基本要求：1、掌握高分子材料与工程专业所需的常用专业词汇及词组。
2、能熟练检索本专业英文资料。
3、能顺利阅读本专业的英文资料，理解正确。
4、借助字典能翻译本专业资料，译文通顺。
5、能用英语写摘要，并了解科技英语的写作方法。
6、具备一定的专业英语听说能力，能够运用英语进行专业学术交流。
三、教学内容及要求1、绪论要求掌握课程的性质、目的、内容与教学目标，明确本课程的重要作用。
高分子材料的应用英文作文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Polymer materials are widely used in various fields due to their excellent properties. One of the most common applications is in the field of packaging. Polymer materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are commonly used in the production of plastic bags, bottles, and containers. They are lightweight, durable, and can be easily molded into different shapes. Moreover, they are also cost-effective and can be recycled, which makes them an eco-friendly option.Another important application of polymer materials is in the field of medicine. Polymer materials such as polyethylene glycol and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) are used in drug delivery systems. They can be used to encapsulate drugs and release them in a controlled manner, which can improve the efficacy of the drugs and reducetheir side effects. Moreover, polymer materials can also be used in the production of medical devices such as implants, catheters, and prosthetics.Polymer materials are also widely used in the field of construction. Polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene are commonly used in the production of pipes, insulation materials, and roofing materials. They are lightweight, durable, and can withstand harsh weather conditions. Moreover, they are also cost-effective and can be easily installed, which makes them an attractive option for builders and contractors.In the field of electronics, polymer materials such as polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly used in the production of flexible circuits, displays, and batteries. They are flexible, lightweight, and can be easily molded into different shapes. Moreover, they have excellent thermal and electrical properties, which make them an ideal choice for electronic applications.In conclusion, polymer materials have a wide range of applications in various fields due to their excellent properties. From packaging to medicine, construction to electronics, polymer materials have revolutionized the waywe live and work. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of polymer materials in the future.。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇05. 高分子化学05.1高分子物质05.2新序码汉文名英文名注释1高分子macromolecule,polymer 又称“大分子”。
2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer 4无机高分子inorganic polymer 5有机高分子organic polymer6无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer 9高聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer 曾用名“齐聚物”。
12二聚体Dimer13三聚体Trimer14调聚物telomer15预聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17无规聚合物random polymer18无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer 20头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer 21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer 22反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24规整聚合物regular polymer 25非规整聚合物irregular polymer26无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称“等规聚合物”。
28间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称“间规聚合物”。
29杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称“异规聚合物”。
30有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer,tactic polymer又称“有规聚合物”。
31苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36共聚物copolymer37二元共聚物binary copolymer38三元共聚物terpolymer39多元聚合物multipolymer40序列共聚物sequential copolymer 41多层共聚物multilayer copolymer 42多相聚合物multiphase polymer 43统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer 44无规共聚物random copolymer 45交替共聚物alternating copolymer 46周期共聚物periodic copolymer 47梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48嵌段共聚物block copolymer 又称“嵌段聚合物(blockpolymer)”。
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Piezoelectric polymer Polyelectrolyte Polymer sorbent Polymer compatibilizer Polymer drug Polymer gel Polymer membrane Polymer solvent Polymer support Polymer surfactant Resist polymer Shape-memory polymer Superabsorbent polymer
Driving force
Processes
Pressure
Electrical potential Partial pressure
Mቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱcrofiltration,
Ultrafiltration,
Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis
No phase change
Pore sizes —— determining the sieved particles
Separation, concentration, fractionation & purification
Membrane configurations
Classification of membranes
an asymmetric membrane
a
b
Schematic diagram of the filtration behavior of a) an asymmetric and b) a symmetric membrane
Classification
Classification of membranes —— according to driving force
8.2.1 Introduction
History
Initiator of all crossflow membrane technology —— Dr. Sourirajan, removed salt from seawater, in the late 1950's.
Commercial RO & UF membranes occurred in the early 1970’s.
8.1.3 Applications and outlook of functional polymers
Applications:
Organic catalysis (supported catalysts) Medicine (red-blood-cell substitutes) Optoelectronics (conducting polymers Magnetic polymers and polymers for
Crossflow membrane processes became well accepted in industry and medicine in the 1980’s.
Widely used today.
Characters
Membrane —— a selective barrier for separating certain species in a fluid
高分子材料与应用（英文版） Chapter 8 Functional Polymers
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Definition of functional polymers
Functional polymer —— according to IUPAC
(a) a polymer bearing functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amino groups) that make the polymer reactive,
8.1.2 Classification of functional polymers
Biodegradable polymer Conducting polymer Electroluminescent polymer Ferroelectric polymer Ferromagnetic polymer Impact-modified polymer Liquid-crystalline polymer Macroporous polymer Non-linear-optical polymer Optically-active polymer Photoelastic polymer Photoluminescent polymer Photosensitive polymer
nonlinear optics) Biomaterials Paints and varnishes Building materials Photographic materials Lube and fuel additives
History of membrane
8.2 Membrane
Porous membrane （多孔膜）
MF， UF，NF
Dense membrane （致密膜）
ED，RO，GS，PV，VP
Structure of porous membranes Symmetric membrane Asymmetric membrane
Fig. 5
Schematic diagram of a) a symmetric and b)
(b) a polymer performing a specific function for which it is produced and used.
A polymer that exhibits specified chemical reactivity or has specified physical, biological, pharmacological, or other uses