华德俄语本科毕业论文格式范例1

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我摘□□（空一行，此行字号为五号，段前、后间距均为0，单倍行距） 在中国的英语学习者所掌握的四种语言技能中，口语能力被认为是最差的调查以及作者对中国的英语学习者学习状况的调查，主要研究了中国的英语专业学生在拓展口语技能是所面临的主要问题：缺乏信心和缺乏训练……（空一行，此行字号为五号，段前、后间距均为0，单倍行距）关键词：中国学生；口语技能拓展；自信；练习；交际能力小二，黑体，居中，一级标题段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行 小四，宋体，两端对齐 行距：固定值，18磅 字符间距：加宽磅小四，黑体，顶格写 字符间距：加宽磅 小四，宋体，最后一关键词后不加标点 关键词之间用中文输入法下的分号隔开 字符间距：加宽磅 首行缩进2字符百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我IРезюме（空一行，此行字号为五号） Among the four kinds of language skills of Chinese learners of English, oralskills are found to be the weakest, which are certainly incompatible with thedemands of the increasingly growing intercultural communication. This paper, basedon a survey among a group of students and the author’s observation of the Chinesestudents’ English learning, studies the main problems Chinese English major studentsface in developing their oral skills: Lack of confidence and lack of practice, twomajor obstacles to their improvement. In effect, students’ lack of confidence isclosely related to their fear of losing face, which, in turn, affects their motivation toseek opportunities to practice the target language. Learning the language this way hasactually created a vicious cycle of learning, which explains why satisfactory teachingeffects cannot be achieved. Following a detailed analysis of the students’ problemsand related factors, the author presents some practical classroom strategies in aholistic approach, which has proved helpful in dealing with the problems. Thosestrategies effectively help lower students’ “affective filter” and overcome their fear oflosing face so as to build up their self-confidence. Additionally, these strategies helpprovide students with adequate opportunities for oral practice of the language, thustransforming the previous vicious cycle into a virtuous one and eventually resultingin enhancing the students’ communicative competence.（空一行，此行字号为五号）Ключевые слова: литература; история; Россия; Моска小四，times new roman, 加粗 小四，times new roman, 行间距18磅关键词之间用英文输入法下的分号隔开最后一关键词后不加标点 专有名词首字母大写 冒号前后各空一格 分号后空一格小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0小四，times new roman, 两端对齐行距：固定值，18磅 首行缩进，2字符百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我IIОглавление（空一行，此行字号为五号） 摘□□要 ·········································································································Резюме (I)Введение 0Глава I Причиы и история заимствований в лексику русского языка (1)Причины заимствований (1)Внутренние причины (1)История заимствований (1)Заимствования в древнерусском языке (1)Chapter Four Students’ main problems for their oral skillsdevelopment (1)Lowering studen ts’ “affective filter” to build up their confidence (2)Заключение (3)Список литературы (4)小二，times new roman ，加粗，居中，非一级标题段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行小四，黑体，不加粗，字中间空格Введение（空一行，此行字号为五号）Актуальность нашей работы связана с интенсивным проникновениеманглицизмов в русский язык, что вызвало обострение языковой ситуации,озабоченность и полемику среди лингвистов. А также представителей широкойроссийской общественности, заявивших о необходимости очищения языка от "чужих" слов и защите русского языка от агрессивного вторжения иноязычных заимствований, особенно англицизмов. Данные заимствования пришли в русский язык из других языков и были заимствованы в процессе социа-льно-экономических и культурных отношений между народами и странами.Такие слова называются иноязычными заимствованиями. Многие из нихполучают широкое применение в разных сферах устной и письменной речи,другие ограничены в своем употреблении.小二，加粗，居中，一级标题，段落间距：段前12磅，段后0行行距：固定值，28磅正文中段前、段后间距为0行标点符号之前不空格 符号后空1格 俄语逗号输入法为 Shift 加句号键1Глава I Причиы и история заимствований влексику русского языка（空一行，此行字号为五号）English has always been considered very important in China ever since the end of thedisastrous Cultural Revolution, especially the early 1980s when the reform andopen-door policy was widely carried out in the country. As is well known, China isПричины заимствованийИзучением причин заимствования иноязычных слов занимались многиелингвисты ещё в начале XX в. Однако выявление причин заимствованияпроводилось без достаточно четкой дифференциации языковых и внешних,неязыковых, причин. Вхождение заимствованных слов в лексику русского языка, внутренние и внешние причины. Внутренние причиныИстория заимствованийЗаимствования в древнерусском языкеChapter FourStudents’ main problems for their oral skillsdevelopment（空一行，此行字号为五号）如果没有文字 不空行2We find that lack of confidence and lack of practice are students’ key problems, two major obstacles to their oral skill improvement. In effect, students’ lack of confidence is closely related to their mentality of being afraid of losing face. This is diagnostically indicated in the survey mentioned above.To the question “How often did you volunteer to answer questions in English in class?” only 5 students ticked the choice “Often” and 32% of them ticked “Occasionally”, while 66% admitted that they “Seldom” or “Never” did. When asked why if the answer to the previous question is the latter, 52% of them ticked the reason “Not sure of the correct answer”, 28% said that they are “Afraid of making mistakes”, 13% made their choice on “Afraid of losing face” and 7% said that they were “Not interested”. As a matter of fact, psychologically speaking, no matter whether the students attributed their reasons for not volunteering to answer questions to not being certain of the answer or to being afraid of making mistakes, it is, in the final analysis, a matter of face problem —being afraid of losing face is the biggest obstacle to opening their mouths to speak the target language. Shyness may be said a cultural characteristic of Chinese children. If that is true, it should be taken into consideration when teaching strategies are decided so as to help students overcome this unfavorable mental condition for foreign language learning. But it seems to be worsened by two factors in TEFL in China, one being objective and the other subjective. Lowering students’ “affective filter” to build up theirconfidence Confidence is the key to success in doing anything, which is especially true with language learning. The teacher, therefore, should keep this in mind and try his/her utmost to build up students’ confidence by helping them lower their “affective filter” so that they become bold enough to open their mouths.节题序用阿拉伯数字×.×,Times New Roman 字体 其他层次标题以此类推3Заключение Заимствования (в языке), воспроизведение фонетическими и морфо- логическими средствами одного языка морфем, слов или словосочетаний другого языка. Лексика чаще других уровней языка поддаётся заимствованию.小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题，段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 不加章节标题，但编入目录4Список литературы（空一行，此行字号为五号） [1] Алефиренко Н. Ф. Современные проблемы науки о языке. [M]．2005[2] Евреинова И. А.Заимствования в русском языке. «Slavia»[J]. 1965, № 3 [3] Крысин Л. П. Иноязычные слова в современном русском языке. [M]. 1968.[4] Реформатский А. А. Введение в языковедение. [M]. 1996. 1 普通图书 ,马娟,等．中国森林群落分类及其群落学特征[M]．北京:科学出版社,1998.[2] 唐绪军．报业经济与报业经营[M]．北京:新华出版社,1999:117-121．[3] CRAWFPRD W, GORMAN M ．Future libraries: dreams, madness, &reality[M]．Chicago: American Library Association, 1995．2 期刊中析出的文献[4] 陶仁骥．密码学与数学[J]．自然杂志,1984,7(7):527．[5] 亚洲地质图编图组．亚洲地层与地质历史概述[J]．地质学报,1978,3:194-208．[6] HEWITT J A ．Technical services [J]．Library Resource Services, 1984,28(3):205-218．3 会议录、论文集[7] 中国力学学会．第3届全国实验流体力学学术会议论文集[C]．天津:[出版社不祥],1990．4 学位论文[8] 王斌．稀土β—二酮混配合物的光谱和晶体结构[D]．北京：北京师范大学化学系，1992．5 专著中析出的文献[9] 林穗芳．美国出版业概况[M]First and foremost, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my advisor, a distinguished scholar and benign mentor, Jing, for without her constant and timely academic and spiritual supports, this thesis would not have come to its am deeply indebted to her for the instructions, enlightenments, insights and scholastic guidance 小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题， 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0不加章节标题，但编入目录 连续出版物引用例子 括号后空1格，按照作者姓名首字母排列顺序缩写Н.空格Ф.空格年份后面有点儿 TimesNew Roman 格式下的俄文句号小二， Times New Roman, 加粗，居中，一级标题， 段落间距：段前12磅，段后0 不加章节标题，但编入目录that she has been supplying for me all through the three years of postgraduate study.Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to all the professors in College of Foreign Languages, Jilin University. I have benefited so much from their lectures of various disciplines.Last, but not least, I would like to thank my parents for their love, encouragement and understanding through these three years.5。