名词和冠词
1.名词与冠词
1.3 名词的复数
spiriting精神 security安全 spirits烈酒 securities证券
1.4 名词所有格
英语中表示有生命的词可以再后面加上’s, 表示它属于“谁的”，名词的这种形式叫 做名词所有格。 John’s father Peter’s mother My brother’s book the boy’s toys
2.2 冠词用法
（2）常见使用不定冠词的固定搭配 have a cold 患感冒 as a result因此，结果 as a rule 通常 have a good time 玩得开心 have a word with与…谈话 have a rest休息一会 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word 总之 once in a while偶尔 take a walk 散步 come to an end 结束 all of a sudden 突然 make a living谋生 make a fire生火 make a fortune发财 a couple of 一对 a great deal of大量的 a lot of 许多
1.3 名词的复数
③ 以字母-f, -fe结尾的名词，多数变-f为-v,再 加-es. thief—thieves knife—knives wife—wives shelf—shelves harf life leaf wolf self 但也有特殊，如: roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs
1.2 可数名词与不可数名词
名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词 和不可数名词。 表示直接可以以数字计算的人、事物、概念 等称为可数名词，如one book, two books; 表示不可以直接以数字计算的食物和概念的 普通名词，称为不可数名词，如air, oil. 不可 数名词没有复数形式。 一般来说，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词， 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
名词冠词
名词名词是指表示人和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1、专有名词：特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。
第一个字母通常要大写。
e.g. Jim Green，New York，Bank of China，Peking University星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。
e.g. Monday，May，Christmas，Spring Festival，Maths，China Daily2、普通名词：表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。
普通名词又可以分为四类:个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk集体名词——表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family物质名词——表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair抽象名词——表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。
①集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。
e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。
②集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。
e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。
③集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。
e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我们村有300户人家。
3、可数名词复数形式的构成规则：①一般名词在末尾直接加s，清辅音后读/ s /，浊辅音和元音后读/ z /e.g. book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds②以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加es，读/ IZ /e.g. bus-buses，box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches③以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es，读/ z /e.g. baby-babies，library-libraries，factory-factories④以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加es，读/ vz /e.g. thief－thieves，knife－knives⑤以o结尾，表示无生命的物体时加s, 表示有生命的物体时，加es，都读/ z /e.g. photo-photos，piano-pianos，radio-radios，zoo-zoospotato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，mango-mangoes，hero-heroes⑥不规则变化e.g. man－men child－children foot－feet fish－fishwoman－women mouse－mice tooth－teeth sheep－sheeppoliceman－policemen ox－oxen goose－geese deer－deer▲fish表示鱼的数量时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数为fishes.e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch.You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake.4、不可数名词一般只有原形，没有复数形式，但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。
英语语法(名词和冠词)
冠词知识点总结一、概念冠词是虚词，它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。
冠词可分为定冠词，不定冠词和零冠词三类。
二、不定冠词的用法1)表示“一个”，意为one;指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2)代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.3)词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep aneye on / all of a sudden三、定冠词的用法1)特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.2)上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.3)指世上独一无二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar ; the fox ;或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich; the living 。
5)用在序数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词only， very， same等前面：Where do you live? I live on the second floor.6)与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7)表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前：he People’s Republic of China9)用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人(或夫妇俩)：the Greens11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre四、零冠词的用法1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary;2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词;They are teachers.3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.4)物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday.6)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：have breakfast，play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词;I can’t write without pen or pencil.9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;如：by bus，by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town， church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital11)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词That’s his thirtieth birthday.b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last常见考法1.名词前不定冠词的用法;2.不用冠词的特殊情况;3对冠词与主谓一致的考查;4.定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人;5.冠词与姓氏的连用;6.有无冠词的意义及区别;7.冠词与such, so how, what等词的位置关系。
名词和冠词
名 词 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
第一个字母必须大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。
the UK, the Great Wall3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且形式上也有了变化。
eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒， work--- a work 工厂，著作，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯， room 空间---a room 一个房间二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a 或a n”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s 或-es”。
名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man--men, woman —women, tooth —teeth, foot —feet,goose —geese, mouse--mice ②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish,sheep-sheep,… ③合成的名词的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。
如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
eg. a man doctor — men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers ◆表“某国人”的名词的单复数是否加“S ”时，我们可记住这一句话：中日不变，英法e 来把a 换，其他“S ”加后边。
即Chinese ，Japanese 单复数同形；Englishman ，Frenchman 的复数为Englishmen ，Frenchmen ；其他像German ，American ，Australian等 ◆有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, ['s ɪz ɚz] etc; ◆有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。
名词及冠词
一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。
（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。
（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。
英语名词与冠词的用法归纳
英语名词与冠词的用法归纳一、名词的基本用法名词是指用来表示人、事、物、地点等具体或抽象概念的词语。
在英语语法中，名词有一些基本的用法，包括单数形式、复数形式、所有格等。
1. 单数形式名词的单数形式用来表示一个人、事物或概念。
例如：cat（猫）、book（书）、idea（想法）等。
2. 复数形式名词的复数形式用来表示多个人、事物或概念。
通常在名词的末尾加上's'或'es'来表示复数。
例如：cats（猫们）、books（书们）、ideas （想法们）等。
3. 所有格名词的所有格形式用来表示所属关系或归属关系。
通常在名词的末尾加上"'s"或"'"来表示所有格。
例如：John's book（约翰的书）、the dog's tail（狗的尾巴）等。
二、冠词的用法冠词是用来限定名词的词语，包括不定冠词"a"和"an"，以及定冠词"the"。
1. 不定冠词"a"和"an"不定冠词"a"和"an"用来表示泛指或不确定的人、事物或概念。
通常用"a"来修饰以辅音音素开头的单数名词，用"an"来修饰以元音音素开头的单数名词。
例如：a cat（一只猫）、an apple（一个苹果）等。
2. 定冠词"the"定冠词"the"用来表示特指或已知的人、事物或概念。
它可以修饰单数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词。
例如：the cat（那只猫）、the books（那些书）等。
三、名词与冠词的特殊用法除了基本的名词和冠词用法之外，还有一些特殊的用法需要注意。
1. 特指某个领域或行业的名词在某些特定的领域或行业中，名词前面会使用定冠词"the"来表示该领域或行业的特定事物。
冠词与名词
3、以f或fe结尾的词，变f和fe为v再加es
leafleaves, knifeknives, wifewives
（妻子拿刀去宰狼，贼偷面包（loaf）心发 慌，躲在架后报己命，半数树叶已落光。） 加s
beliefbeliefs, chiefchiefs, proof-
proofs, roofroofs, gulfgulfs (在海湾
• 比较：
• Water boils at 100C • The water in this well has been polluted.
• I like drinking tea. • Long-jing is a wonderful tea.
• Coffee is served here. • I’d like three black coffees.
• 7、表“每一”概念
• I went their once a week. • The train runs at a speed of
340kilometers an hour.
• 8、与of 连用，表“同一”
• They are of an age. • The two dresses are of a color.
• 元音音素发音的词前用“an”
a • _____European country an • There is ____”s” in this word. a • There is ____ silent “b” in this word.
使用定冠词情形：
• 1、特指某些人和物
• Beijing is the capital of the PRC.
• 4、在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前一 般不用冠词，但中国的传统节日前要用冠词
名词、冠词
一、语法之名词详解1. 名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：1.1 名词复数的规则变化___________________________________________________情况构成方法读音例词__________________________________________________一般情况加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars___________________________________________________以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches_______________________________________________________以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses_________________________________________________________以辅音字母+y变y 为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies_________________________________________________________1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves1.4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
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名词和冠词50题。
12. We are ready to start at short ______.A. informationB. adviceC. message D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
D. notice 从A、B、C、13. --- Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ______ phone. 1. At first ______, the bag seems made of real leather. But actually it is just an imitation.A. sightB. lookC. appearanceD. view --- Who is calling?--- 2. --- What do you think of the headmaster of your school?______Mr. Green. I don't know who he is.A. --- Oh, she is _____ headmaster who is kind-hearted and helpful. And it's _____ pleasure to work 不填; AB. the; 不填C. the; AD. 不填；不填14. Have a ______ of these apples. They are sweet and delicious. with her.A. lookB. tasteC. smell A. the; the B. a; aC. a; theD. the; aD. feel15. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the ______. 3. During a successful business career he gained a great amount of ______.A. designsB. signs D. powerA. forceB. wealthC. health C. waysD. points16. Money plays an important role in ______ material world. But expecting ______ money to give 4. My mother asked me to repeat ______ telephone number ______ second time so that she could happiness may be missing the meaning of life.write it down.A. a; theB. the; D. the; theA. the; aB. an; theC. an; a 不填 C. 不填; 不填D. the; the17. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good ______. 5. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the worldA. sight every year.B. spareC. viewD. look18. He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He is really a man with a （nC. sceneD. attraction）______ for A. interest B. view6. Jack couldn't remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was ______ Saturday language.A. giftB. present because everybody was at ______ church.C. abilityD. skill19. Since he has no sense of ______ humor, I'm sure he didn't catch ______ humor in your remarks.不填不填; a D. the; C. ; the B. a; A. 不填不填A. 不填7. You must get there within an hour. There should be no ______ in sending this information to him. ; theB. a; theC. a; 不填D. the; a20. The ______ a teacher has on children is usually greater than that of their parents. A. point D. delayC. quarrel B. problemgood always eat ______ I breakfast, have don't early. work go 8. I to very I usually ______ but A.use B. effort C. effect D. energy21. It doesn't make ______ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. supper.不填 A. ; a B. A. decision B. promise C. sense D. peace; the 不填D. 不填不填不填; C. the;22. Mr. Smith told us that ______ gold medal his son had got was considered ______ great honor to 9. --- Where is the new dictionary?the whole family.It's on the top shelf, out of ______. ---A. the; 不填B. sight A. reachC. touchD. orderB. the; aC. a; aD. a; the23. I should like to try that coat on，for I want to know if it is my ______. 10. --- What new subject are you going to have in ______ second grade？ A. shape I'm going to learn ______ second foreign language. B. model C. design D. size---24. They sold their house for only 12,000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful ______. D. 不填;a 不填C. the; B. the; a A. a; theA. cost Mum, I'm going to visit my aunt. What about a week?11. ---B. bargainC. amountD. value25. --- Did you happen to see ______ black and ______ white cat? --- A week is too long. Try to be back in a ______ of days.--- Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.D. couple C. few B. dozen A. numberA. the; theB. the; 不填C. a; 不填D. a; theA. the; theB. 不填; aC. an; theD. the; a38. I got ______ bad toothache yesterday, which kept me awake ______ whole night. 26. Shelly prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it atA. a; theB. 不填; aC. the; a her first ______.D. a; 不填39. See what you have done! Don't you have a ______ of right or wrong? D. timeB. purposeC. attempt A. term27. It's hard to imagine a large city without policemen, but such was the ______ in London in theA. thoughtB. feelingC. senseD. knowledge40. Miss Smith is a friend of ______.early 18th century.A. situationB. conditionC. affairD. matter A. Mary's mother'sB. the mother of MaryC. mother of Mary'sD. Mary's of mother 28. --- Look! I've bought ______ new pen.41. --- Who did you spend last weekend with? --- What ______ beautiful pen! It in particular seems nice.C. a; a ; aD. a; the---______.A. the; aB. 不填especially an immediate A. Palmer's a B. ThePalmers' always operation，almost comes as ，need 29. The for an operation C. The PalmersD. The Palmer's ______ to the patient and his family.42. ______ are C. disappointment A. result B. happiness D. shockvery popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it thatinvented ______ telephone?30. He left ______ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he wouldA. The telephone; 不填keep ______.B. Telephone; aB. word; his wordC. The telephones; theD. Telephones; theA. words; his words43. --- Where did you two have your ______ examined? D. the word; his words C. word; word31. --- My son is lost. Did you see a boy pass by here?--- At the ______.A. stomaches; doctor's --- I saw ______ boy hidden behind ______ tree over there. You may go and have a look.B. stomachs; doctorC. a; 不填；A. a; the B. the 不填C. stomachs; doctor'sD. a; aD. stomaches; doctors'44. --- ______ news?32. Greenhouse phenomena would cause ______ rise in sea levels worldwide and change ______--- No. No news is ______ good news.weather on the earth.B. the; A. a; the 不填C. a; A. Some; a B. No; theC. Any; ; the不填 D. What; 不填不填不填 D.45. Don't you think it ______ surprise that a German cannot speak ______ German language? 33. These young people are now making an active ______ to beautify our city.A. 不填; theB. a; theC. a; 不填 C. decision A. partB. effort D. planD. 不填; the46. Many drivers were praised for their excellent work at the meeting, including two ______ drivers, 34. Susan, ______ university student from Europe, teaches me ______ art in her spare time.who had ______.B. a; the A. an; 不填C. a;D. an; the不填 A. woman; a few white hairs 35. Apples are usually sold by ______weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by ______ dozen. B. women's; white hairB. A. the; the 不填 D. the; a 不填C. ; a ; the C. women; some white hairsD. woman's; many white hairs47. --- What would you like, sir? 36. He is always full of ______ as though he never knew tiredness.C. force B. energy A. strengthD. power--- ______.the From 37. top to up see could you Building, State Empire ______ of 130 of distance ______ A. Two cups coffee B. Two cups of coffeesC. Two coffeesD. Two cup of coffeeskilometers on a clear day.48. --- John is very bright and studies very hard.newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, theB. a , theC. the./D. a,/ --- It's no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to _____hotel A. doubtB. problemC. surpriseD. wonder; I can find you______bed in my flat.49. He wrote ______ song, which turned out to be rather popular with ______ young.A.the ,a A. the; theB. a; 不填C. a; theD. the; 不填 B. the,/ C.a ,the D. a,/50. For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm ______.( )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off________.A. a priceB. priceC. the priceD. prices C. season A. weather B. temperature D. climate( )13.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians 冠词高中英语语法强化训练() and French-speakingCanadians is _______major concern of the country. ) 1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher (A.The ,/B. The ,aC. An ,the than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.D. An,/ ( C. The ,/ B. A, / D. The, a)14.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office . A, the A.A. /, a ( ) 2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you getB /, theC .a theD .the, the( _____fast one.)15The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial Revolution.A. /, / D./,/ C. the, aB./, a) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. ( A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D.a ,the( C. the,/ D. the, a)16.While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope Newton made _______discoveryB. /,a A /,/which completely changed ____ man' ( ) 4.I can't remember when exactly the Robinsons left_____city ,I only remember it was ______s understanding of color.A.a ,/B. a ,the Monday.。