高中英语 高三新高考适应性考试专项训练阅读理解(三)

2021届高三新高考适应性考试专项训练阅读理解(三)————编写者：2021届高三英语备课组ASitting on the edge of the world, Sydney is considered as one of the world's greatest cities. Here are some things you should do and see in Sydney.1. Explore Sydney's hottest neighborhoodMany big-ticket attractions can be found in or around the Circular Quay area, right by the port. Here, you can get on ferries (渡轮) to faraway islands or go exploring on foot with the Sydney Opera House, Royal Botanic Gardens and Museum of Contemporary all nearby.2. Take side tripsPopular among outdoor types, the rough Blue Mountains—about two hours by train west of the city — promises winter skiing, excellent hiking and kangaroo sightings. Walking through the national park, travelers will watch forests, waterfalls, natural caves, small villages and rock formations.The Hunter Valley, just a two-hour drive north of Sydney, is Australia's oldest wine region. Most vineyards (葡萄园) are family-owned, focusing on small production. Wine is more personal here.3. Stay in styleThe classic Langham Hotel is located just west of Circular Quay, offering easy access to the famous port.As you explore its beautiful corridors (走廊), look for contemporary artworks from around the world— The Langham Hotel has the largest art gathering (more than $1 million worth) in Australia.Meanwhile, those seeking a more relaxed experience can go camping on Cockatoo Island-just a quick boat ride from Circular Quay.4. Travel tips·Leaving tips at the bar or for a taxi isn't expected, but it's appreciated.·When riding in a taxi alone, it's customary to sit in the front seat.·Bring sun cream, sunglasses and hat—whatever the season.·On Sundays, families enjoy discounted fares on Sydney's ferries and trains.1．What can you do in the Blue Mountains?A．Explore the artificial caves.B．Watch the lovely kangaroos.C．Taste locally produced wine.D．Admire the unique corridors.2．What makes the Langham Hotel special?A．Its ideal location.B．Its first-class service.C．Its big collection of artworks.D．Its modern architectural style.3．Which of the following is strongly suggested about touring Sydney?A．Ensure sun protection.B．Offer bar tips.C．Sit behind the driver in a taxi.D．Travel by train.BExperts have long predicted that 3D printing will revolutionize (变革) the construction industry. The world's first two-story home printed in a single piece emerged in Antwerp, Belgium.“What makes this house so unique is that we printed it with a fixed 3D concrete printer,” said Emiel Ascione, project manager at Kamp Construction Company, which pioneered the project. “Other houses that were printed around the world only have one floor. In many cases, the components were printed in a factory and were fitted together on-site. We, however, printed the entire building envelope in one piece on-site.”The construction process began in November 2019 and took only 3 weeks, with the delivery of a massive32-foot x 32-foot cement (水泥) 3D printer, known as BOD2. While it needed some human help to set up, once in operation, BOD2 was fully autonomous, requiring just one person to monitor the work from a nearby computer.The two-story, 986-square-foot home, which has a small kitchen, two living rooms and a bathroom, as well as many human-installed eco-friendly features, such as underfloor heating and solar panels, was open from July 2020 to the end of September. It is aimed to encourage the construction industry to adopt emerging 3D printing technologies in its construction techniques.“The 3D printed structure cost about 60 percent less than a typical brick home and was also much stronger,” Ascione said. “It shows the construction industry the accessibility and potential of this technique.”This is not the only 3D printed housing project in the works. In Tabasco, Mexico, the world's first 3D printed neighborhood has been built. The two-bedroom homes, designed to accommodate the homeless, are strong enough to withstand natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes. At this rate, 3D printers may soon become a fixture at construction sites worldwide.4．What is BOD2 used for?A．Producing concrete.B．Printing building outlines.C．Making engineering drawings.D．Putting together house components.5．What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to?A．The construction process.B．The two-story house.C．The cement 3D printer.D．The nearby computer.6．Why was the two-story house open to the public?A．To shelter the homeless. B．To attract more investment.C．To demonstrate its multi-functions. D．To promote 3D printing in the building industry.7．What can be the best title for the text?A．3D Printing: A Solution to Housing ProblemsB．BOD2: New Trend of the Construction IndustryC．Mexico's 3D Printed Neighborhood Is Well ReceivedD．World's First Two story Home Was Wholly-printed in BelgiumCIn the past few decades, parental fears over their children's “fragile” egos (脆弱的自我) have dominated thinking. Rather than using failure to improve, participation and effort have become what is celebrated. Parents now see failure as a terrible disaster with negative consequences as opposed to something their children could recover and grow from.In a recent study, administrators at Harvard observed that despite awesome grades, the kids entering college seem unable to take care of themselves and think for themselves. The study points to the fact that for all their lives their parents have taken care of every need, told them what path to follow and if any difficulty occurs, have made sure to fix it for them. As a result, children have lost the ability to feel competent and to be in charge of their own lives.I was a baseball player. When the opportunity to coach my son's team came up, I was in two minds. I wanted my kids to do activities without their dad hanging around. But an old friend happened to be the head coach and he convinced me to help out. I coached it well, rarely having a hand in training my son. I found out the learning opportunities on and off the field were even better than I had imagined.Last season, our team lost 0-13. In the post-game meeting, my message was, “You have to learn how to lose if you ever want to win.” When saying this to the team, I was met with blank stares. When I said it to the parents, there was some nodding but not everyone was on board. Shouldn't I be praising the kids for their every action? Why didn't I put only the best players at the “important” positions? How come I didn't replace kids who were struggling with players who could do better?Luckily, the parents eventually got my message and I didn't get any push-back at all. They desired to learn more about life lessons that failure could teach their kids. And the team began to win games after early losses.8．What does children's failure mean to parents?A．Children's self-reflection.B．Destructive effects on children.C．A steppingstone to children's success.D．Parental irresponsibility in raising children.9．What prevents children thinking independently based on the study?A．The rapidly-developing society.B．Parents' high expectations of children.C．Children's wrong attitude towards failure.D．Too much parental intervention in children's life.10．How did the author feel when offered the chance to coach his son's team?A．Excited.B．Confident.C．Hesitant.D．Uninterested.11．What do the three questions in paragraph 4 imply?A．Some parents doubted the author's strategies.B．The players felt confused about their failure.C．The author was to blame for the team's defeat.D．The author ignored the head coach's good advice.DWhile orcas are known for their well-designed joint attacks on unsuspecting oceanic animals, they have never posed a threat to humans. However, since July 2020, the normally social animals have been intentionally attacking sailboats off the coasts of Spain. The unusual hostility is puzzling scientists worldwide.The strange behavior first surfaced on July 29, when Victoria Morris, a biology graduate, noticed nine orcas circling the 46 foot boat she was crewing near the shores of the Strait of Gibraltar. She was initially cheerful to see the friendly animals, with which she had numerous encounters while teaching sailing in New Zealand. However, that changed when the orcas started striking the boat repeatedly for almost an hour. “They almost turned the boat over and the deafening noise was terrifying,” she said.The continuous attacks broke the boat's automatic rudder, leaving the boat disabled. Spanish biologist Rocio Espada says, “It is crazy. I've seen these whales grow from babies. I know their life stories. I've never seen or heard of attacks.”Since then, over 30 more similar incidents have been reported. Some researchers believe the orcas' unusual behavior could be a result of the overfishing of tuna—orcas' primary food source—which has left the area's orcas starving and unable to feed their babies. “I saw orcas look at boats carrying fish. The intelligent animals may know humans are somehow related to food shortages,” says Ken Balcomb, an American scientist.However, Alfredo Lopez a Spanish biology professor, thinks the attacks were preventative measures theorcas adopted to protect themselves against boat injuries. The researcher came to this conclusion after looking at the footage of a few incidents filmed on the scene and noticing that two of the young orcas involved had serious injuries. The scientist wasn't sure if the orcas were hurt during or before the recent boat encounters. Lopez said, “Our interpretation is that they don't have the slightest intention of attacking people.” Hopefully, the experts will find a way to restore the harmony between the animals and humans soon.12．What does the underlined word “hostility” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Unfriendliness.B．Defence.C．Cooperation.D．Impatience.13．What do we know about Victoria Morris?A．Her major led her to anticipate orcas' intense attacks.B．She rarely spotted orcas when working as a sailing coach.C．Her joy gave way to fear after the orcas began attacking the boat.D．She was doing research on the shore when she caught sight of nine orcas.14．What did Rocio Espada think of the orcas' behavior of attacking humans?A．Predictable.B．Abnormal.C．Unavoidable.D．Natural.15．Which of the following may Alfredo Lopez agree with?A．Orcas frequently get hurt by boats.B．Orcas enjoy playing tricks on humans.C．Orcas are punishing humans for overfishing.D．Orcas attack boats to safeguard against dangers.ERide-sharing services are thought to help to reduce pollution since fewer people use private vehicles and cause carbon dioxide．However, a new study has found that these services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation．Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environmentally-friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found．Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities, which continue to have high rates of private vehicle ownership．The new study, carried out by the nonprofit group Union of Concerned Scientists, represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution．The research examined the effects of ride-sharing services on seven of America's largest cities．Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now “result in about 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace”．The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike, scooter(小型摩托车)or on foot．One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car．This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers or are driving between pickups．This situation, known as“deadheading” takes up about 42 percent of the ride-sharing driving activity, the study found．The researchers said that “deadheading” results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle．The study urges services like Uber and Lyft to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road and to improve connections to public transportation centers．The two companies already operate businesses that offer electric scooters and bikes and have begun to include public transportation information in their systems．In some cities, they have also promoted vehicle electrification．16．According to the text, it is generally thought that car-sharing services _____________．A．lower the price of private cars B．guarantee a healthier lifestyleC．greatly cut down travel expenses D．are environmentally-friendly17．What is the biggest cause of more ride-sharing pollution?A．The so-called “deadheading”．B．The old way vehicles travel．C．The huge number of passengers．D．The unfamiliar ride-sharing trips．18．What can we say about the study?A．It is opposed by ride-sharing services．B．It is actually of practical significance．C．It requires improving in the long term．D．It earns much money for Uber and Lyft．19．From which part of a newspaper is the text most probably taken?A．Travel．B．Technology．C．Economy．D．Environment．FI need help! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure where to begin. I know I lack the necessary DIY skills, but luckily there are numerous books and online videos that will hopefully give me the information I need. Publications that help us to help ourselves are nothing new, but the range of them is increasing with advice being given far beyond practical tasks around the house.Bookshops these days are full of titles which claim to boost your self-confidence, your wealth, your love life or your career. Some claim to improve your life within seven days! It's big business and it's thought that theself-help industry is worth $10bn in the US alone.The first self-help book called 'How to Win Friends and Influence People' was published in 1936, and has since sold 30 million copies and is still popular now. It includes guidance on how to make people like you and how to make your life happier. It might seem strange to think that we need a book to tell us how to live our lives but self-help books remain a go to remedy for those of us looking for enlightenment.There are, of course, trends in what we need help with. Emma Marshall, who works at British bookshop Waterstones, says "at the moment we're in the tidying up, getting rid of things trend... I think the trend right now is about slowing down in your life." It seems there is always something we need help with, and reading about it can be very therapeutic - it makes us feel good, even if we don't do anything about it.Of course, the internet has become the place to go to for salvation. We've got used to searching for solutions online, and now these solutions even include how to fix or improve our lives. Interestingly, psychologist Caroline Beaton, says people called 'millennials' are self-critical -they are aware of their own faults—which also means they're more likely to spend time and money on self-help. There's also a theory that the self-help industry does well during a recession – people are perhaps even more likely to reach for self-help to improve their situation.Whatever the reason for the continued interest in self-help, it's good to know help is at hand when we need it. The alternative to finding a happier life is just to come to terms with yourself as you are - I know, I read about it in a book! Do you believe in self-help books?20．Where else can you get self-help advice apart from books?A．from teachers B．from friendsC．from the Internet D．from parents21．What do you know about self-books?A．They may offer you some keys to success.B．They hasn't gained great popularity.C．All of us enjoy them very much.D．They can certainly improve your life within seven days.22．Why do millennials spend more money on self-help books according to Caroline Beaton?A．They are stuck in a recession.B．They realize they are not perfect.C．They are more likely to have access to books.D．They haven't got used to searching for solutions online.23．What can we infer from the passage?A．People don't have interest in self-help books.B．Accepting yourself as you are makes you happier.C．The self-help industry makes little difference during a recession.D．The current trend in self-help books is about rushing around and taking things easier.GWhat makes a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological environmental, and psychological factors as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming a super athlete is genetics. Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain unique physical characteristics. Take a super athlete's muscles, for example. In most human skeletal muscles, there are fast-twitch fibers and slow-twitch fibers. Fast-twitch fibers help us move quickly. They allow weightlifters to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds. The legs of a super marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers, which generate energy efficiently and enable people to control tiredness and keep moving for a longer period of time when they exercise long or hard.Some athletes' abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment. Those raised at high altitudes have blood that is rich in hemoglobin, which enables these athletes to run better, Cultural factors also help Tegla Loroupe, a young woman from northern Kenya, won several marathons. She attributes some of her success to her country's high altitude and her cultural background. As a child, she had to run ten kilometers to school every day.Although genetics, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming a super athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they are automatic. Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit but psychologically healthy as well.How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure? Louganis explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition: "Most divers think too much…," he says. "They're too much in their heads. What worked for me was humor. I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive. She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash."24．Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for .A．Weightlifters.B．Divers.C．Cyclists.D．Table tennis players.25．What does the underlined word “attribute” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Devotes.B．Compares.C．Exposes.D．Owes.26．How does Louganis deal with his anxiety according to the passage?A．By thinking too much.B．By training hard.C．By laughing at the amusing things D．By speaking out.27．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A．Healthy Olympic Champions.B．Olympic Champions in the Making.C．Factors in Becoming Physically and Psychologically Healthy.D．Difference between an Athlete and an Average Person.HIn the 1966 science-fiction film The Fantastic Voyage, a team of scientists and doctors are shrunk to microscopic size injected into the body of an injured man to save his life. The tiny crew travels through the body's dangerous environment to locate and repair the damaged part of the man's body. Eventually, the group manages to complete their task and the man awakens, fully cured.Such an idea sounds extraordinary to many, But what if it were possible to cure a disease like a cancer, using tiny particles injected into a person to find the cancer and destroy it without harming anything else in the body? Although it may seem like science fiction, tools like this are now being developed and may become common in the near future—thanks to research currently being done in the field of nanotechnology.Nanotechnology（纳米技术）is really small. The prefix "nano" refers to a nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter. A comma on a page of a book or magazine may be more than half a million nanometer. Using this technology, it will be possible to detect cancer at a stage when there are perhaps only a thousand bad cells. Compare this to what happens today: doctors can diagnose cancer only after the dangerous cells have multiplied into millions and developed a tumor. One of the advantages of detecting and treating cancer is that the cells is less likely to be resistant to drug treatment. Right now, most cancer treatments kill not only the dangerous cells but the healthy ones as well. Nanoparticles will allow doctors to attack cancerous tumors without disturbing healthy cells. Thus, it can deliver cancer-killing drugs to the cancer cells and allow doctors to deliver cancer treatment earlier, faster, and more thoroughly.Unfortunately, there are serious concerns that these same materials could have negative environment and health effects. In recent studies, fish exposed to water containing large amounts of nanoparticles suffered brain damage. And people are at risk as well. But many scientists don't think research into its many uses should be stopped.Meanwhile, research into the uses of nanotechnology in health and other fields continues. "What's amazing is how quickly this is evolving", says chemist Vicki Colin. "even ten years ago, a lot of these applications would have seemed pretty unrealistic. "Perhaps, the old movie, The Fantastic Voyage, isn't so hard to believe after all.28．What is the reading mainly about?A．A film called The Fantastic Voyage.B．How to detect different cancers.C．The dangers and side effects of nanotechnology.D．The application and development of nanotechnology.29．What will happen if human beings are exposed to large amounts of nanoparticles?A．It will not have any influences.B．It may prevent many side effects.C．They will be in danger.D．Varieties of cancers will be cured.30．What's the author's attitude towards nanotechnology?A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Critical D．Indifferent.31．Which of the following statements will Vicki Colin support?A．Nanotechnology has progressed a lot in the last decade.B．Ten years ago, nanotechnology were very realistic.C．Some of these applications are ten years old.D．In ten years, there have been few realistic applications for nanotechnology.IDon’t you wish those long summer days could last forever? An island in northern Norway is campaigning to do just that.Sommarøy — meaning “Summer Island” — wants to swap its watches for flower garlands and declare itself the world’s first time-free zone.On this island in West Tromsø, north of the Arctic Circle, the sun doesn’t set from May 18 right through to July 26, a full 69 days.The locals, having endured the long polar night from November to January, when the sun doesn’t rise at all, make the most of these precious months, with no regard to conventional timekeeping.“There’s constantly daylight, and we act accordingly,” says islander Kjell Ove Hveding in a statement. “In the middle of the night, which city folk might call ‘2 a.m.’, you can spot children playing soccer, people painting their houses or mowing their lawns, and teens going for a swim.”Now they want to make it official. Islanders gathered at a town hall meeting to sign a petition for a time-free zone and on June 13, Hveding met with a Norwegian member of parliament to hand over the locals' signatures and to discuss the practical and legal challenges of the initiative.“To many of us, getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations,” he says.Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours. Fishing and tourism are the main industries on this island with a population of little more than 300 people.Hveding says local fishermen and women often spend days on the ocean pursuing their catch, with little regard to timetable.It’s clear they mean business. When visitors cross the bridge to the island from the mainland, they aren't greeted with padlocks (symbolizing love locks) like on similar bridges worldwide. The bridge is covered with watches, as people prepare for entry to the land time forgot.Will the islanders succeed in their efforts? It’s already paying off in a publicity boost, which could well be the primary aim of the campaign.32．What is special about Sommarøy?A．It’s summer all year around.B．No clocks can be found there.C．It’s within Arctic Circle.D．It’s too cold to be inhabited by human being.33．Why do the islanders want to be free of conventional timekeeping?A．They are afraid of night.B．They want to have more flexible schedules.C．They want to catch more fish.D．They need more time.34．What does the underlined word “petition” in paragraph 6 mean?A．A formal request.B．A cheque.C．A contract.D．An official document.35．Why is the bridge to the island covered with watches?A．To symbolize love.B．To protest against the government.C．To remind tourists of entering a time-free zone.D．To keep tradition.JThe twilight zone (朦胧地带) contains the largest and least explored fish stocks (储备) of the world’s oceans. Ranging from just below 200 metres to 1,000 metres deep, it is an interface between the well-studied sea life in the sunlit zone above and the ecosystems of the darkest territory below. It has a major role in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for centuries or longer. The twilight zone is also known to the largest migration on Earth. Huge numbers of fishes and zooplankton (浮游动物) move hundreds of metres towards the surface each night to feed, before withdrawing back down at dawn.Yet the zone is poorly understood — physically, biogeochemically and ecologically. Even the number of organisms that live there remains a mystery, let alone their diversity and function.It is alarming, then, that this vast ocean domain is at risk in three ways-even before any of the potential consequences are understood. First, the world’s growing population has an increasing need for food. Second,sea-floor mining for minerals and metals could release waste into the region. And third, climate change is varying temperature, acidification and oxygen levels in ways that are likely to affect life there.The twilight zone is hard Io study. Its organisms are difficult to sample and analyse, being thinly distributed, almost invisible and often fragile. They also live at pressures of up to 100 atmospheres, which poses problems for laboratory-based investigations.Critics might argue that walers near coasts and above shelves are more deserving of study, given the huge environmental pressures there, as well as their importance to societies. And, of course, they need attention. Sadly, however, it is too late to avoid widespread environmental damage to these inshore regions. Instead, research。