英语听力教程Unit7答案及听力原文
《英语听力教程3》第二版_Unit7_答案[1]
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The topic I'd like to deal with this morning is what makes a good language learner. This is an eternal problem, and one to which there's no real solution. I would however like you to think about the situation of learners outside the classroom because in many ways it would be true to say that there are more people in the world who speak a foreign language or a second language who didn't learn it in a classroom than there are who did and I think this awareness of the success of out-of-classroom learning provides us with a key to how in-classroom learning can be successful.
Part I Getting ready
B.
1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they don't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes. 2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me. 3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourself too seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes. 4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead. 5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard. 6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English every day.
《英语听力教程》Unit 7 答案 高等教育出版社Unit 7
Unit 7 Aspects of Education (I)Part I1.delighted/ care/ afraid2.shy/ sstrangers/ reallyugh at/ seriously/ sympathetic4.lectures/ experience/ think/ grammar/ meaning5.time/ work/ problems/6.read/ improve/ somethingPart II Are you a good language learner?OutlineI.A. instrumental / examinations B. Integrative/ immigration / marryII.. confidentIII. A. a good ear/ B. revision C. monitor D organizationIV.Teacher/ classroom/ B. 24 hours/ c. responsibilityB. 1. Eternal / solution 2. Out-of-classroom/ in-classroom3. responsibility/ failed/ blame4. BlameThe topic I’d like to deal with this morning is what makes a good language learner. This is an eternal problem, and one to which there’s no real solution. I would however like you to think about the situation of learners outside the classroom because in many ways it would be true to say that there are more people in the world who speak a foreign language or a second language who didn’t learn it in a classroom than there are who did and I thin k this awareness of the success of out-of-classroom learning provides us with a key to how in-classroom learning can be successful.Let us look then at the characteristics of a good language learner. I think motivation is certainly going to be very high on our list. Obviously there are different kinds of motivation; there is what we call instrumental motivation, this is the kind of motivation which in theory persuades a school pupil to learn a language in order to pass an examination—it’s external motivati on, something which is imposed on the learner. The opposite of this integrative motivation, the kind of motivation which gets an immigrant in a country or someone who’s married to a speaker of another language to master the tongue much more rapidly than someone learning in a classroom. Arguably most people possess mixed motivation although it would appear from research that integrative motivation does give much better results, certainly as far as speed of learning goes.Personality is obviously another major factor to be borne in mind—not necessarily, I’m not necessarily saying that you need how shall I say? Extroverts to learn a foreign language, but someone who has the confidence to make mistakes is always going to learn much more quickly than someone who is afraid to experiment.Intelligence isn’t a factor, I feel, in language learning—I would prefer to use the term learning skills. Learning skills are those abilities which make one person progress at a much faster speed than the others; they include having a good ear, efficient revision, being able to monitor your own speech, suitable organization of learning generally.However, if we go back to our starting point, which was the great, the much greater number of speakers of languages who have learnt outside classrooms I think it gives us the key to what I believe is the most important factor, and that’s independence. A learner who frees him or herself from the tyranny of the teacher and the classroom and who makes use of twenty-four hours a day for learning , who, in a word, accepts responsibility for learning, is always going to be not just agood language learner but the best. Conversely, someone who won’t accept this responsibility is always going to remain at what we call a plateau—they’ve failed to make progress and blame their teachers. in reality it is themselves that they should blame.Part III. Foreign accents.SummaryJudge/ accents/ snobbish/ posh/ foreign/ talk/ expect/ BBC /Section IAs far as I’m concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don’t mean that I’m a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I’ve been able to place them from the way they speak. If it’s an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say ―Ah, he comes from Liverpool‖, or ―He’s probably been to public school‖. I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I’m talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there’s no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can’t really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.B. SummaryStrong/ struggle/ broken/ tellSection IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don’t mean an accent as strong as that. I’m talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the pe rson comes from, but where they’ve got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it’s the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it’s onl y a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and even then it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn’t fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English are desperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV How to Enlarge your vocabularyWoman 1: I learn a lot of new words by reading newspapers. I look up each new word in my dictionary.Man: Yes, I like reading newspapers, too, but I don’t use a dictionary. I can usually guess the meaning of new words. I also read sports magazines because I’m interested in sports and I can guess what the words mean.Woman 2 It’s different for me—I learn new words from TV and films. I try to figure out the words from the pronunciation. Then I look them up in a dictionary or ask my husband to explain. Woman 1: you’re lucky—I haven’t got an American husband! I thi nk the biggest problem is remembering new words. I know I should keep a vocabulary book but I’m too lazy so I don’t Woman 2: well, I keep vocabulary cards and I write each word with its translation.Man: Oh, I think it’s better to write the word in an English sentence. That’s what I do in my vocabulary book. And sometimes I group together all the words related to one topic, such as football or camping.Woman 2: that’s a good idea. I used to try and lean ten words each day, but that didn’t work . Woman 1 No, it didn’t work for me either. You can’t remember the words if you don’t use then. I do a lot of crossword puzzles and that helps me .Woman 2: I try and use new words when I talk to people or write to them .Alex: hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole: Alex! What on earth are you doing… a stupid question, you’re doing the same as I am. What are you laughing at?Well, actually I’m just reading this article in PUNCH. It’s the Franglais column. It’s very funny. Oh, yes,I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adoptions of English into French or French into English can be very funny. How des it occur actually?Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of English words and expressions came into French. Er…Oh, I see, yes, so….But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think.You mean people don’t …aren’t very keen on it. A so rt of linguistic imperialism.Exactly, yes, take the example like ―lift‖ you see. We’ve got no, no word in French for lift.You mean lift, the thing that goes up and down….No, no, I mean. Would you like a lift home or something like that.Mm.Would you like a lift. What would you say in French? You would say something like, er, can I take you home with my car?Oh, I see, so…It’s so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see.I see so, in fact it’t often for words that there’s no equivalent for in…Yes, that’s it. Yes.…in French.Alex: yes.Carole: or something…I suppose the same would apply to something like ―le Weekend‖.Yes, that goes a bit…that goes back a bit. Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, even before the first World War.Oh, that one’s really old. Are there any more recent examples?Er, oh, yes. ―Speakerine‖is a good example.Seakerine?Speakerine, yes.That doesn’t even sound French. That sounds more German.Yes, it’s a bit of a monster actually. You know, it m eans an announcer or a newsreader.Oh, I see, on the box!Yes.And there are other ghings, aren’t there, that are distortions like that. Erm…oh, wht’s the one I can, erm… ―le smoking‖…Ah, le smoking, yes.…which means, dinner jacket in English…and we say smoking in French. It’s very strange, in fact. But you’ve got another one, ―the training‖, the training. And you…what’s that ?OH, it’s like a pajama in French. And you will say, I don’t know, er…The pajama?…children it’s getting late, erm, put yo ur training on and go to b ed.How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any other reasons why we borrow, why the French borrow words, borrow English words?Er, snob value, I suppose.Oh, really.Oh, yes. Er…You mean English words are snobbish in French?Yes. They would take a word like ―building‖ and think it’s much better to live in a building than to be—to live in a house.How strange, because building is such….So we say building; we are living in the building.It’s such a mundane word in English. I mean, its sounds just so ordinary.Yes, it is.But surely, I mean something like ―le parking‖ which is very common, that, can’t have snob value, can it?No, of course. I mean just the French is cumbersome.Mm.Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please.Oh dear! I’ve got to go.Bye. Carole.I hope it’s not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Unit 8 Aspects of Education (II)Part I.What kind of school did you go to, Ann?Well, I went to a public primary school and then to a private high school.So which do you think is better?Actually, I prefer private schools because of the smaller classes and… usually you have a wider choice of subjects.Yeah, I suppose that’s true.And then there are usually better sports facilities. For example, the school I went to had a swimming pool and a huge gym.Yeah…well, the public high school I went to had great sports facilities. Besides, private schools are really expensive.Yeah, but I think they’re worth it.I don’t know. I think you have to judge every school individually, whether it’s public or private. That may be true…but children generally get a better, more…well rounded education in a private school.Maybe, but I’m not totally convinced. By the way, Ann, were you on the debating team in high school, by any chance?I sure was! I was the captain!Part II Home schoollingA1.About 300,0002.In reading and math.3.Interests and questions4.1) outsider/ mixing with 2) well qualified 3) narrow view5.time or desireAlthough education is compulsory in the United States, it is not compulsory for all children to get their education at school. A number of parents believe that they can provide a better education for their children at home. Children who are educated at home are known as ―home-schoolers.‖ There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children tend to do better than average on national tests in reading and math.David Guterson is an American writer. He and his wife teach their three children themselves. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in a regular school. Learning starts with the children’s interests and questions. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening, when the family is about satellites, comets,meteors, and the space program. At dinner, if the Brazilian rain forests are on the news, it could be a perfect time to get out the atlas and encyclopedia. Then there might be two hours or more of eating, asking questions, looking up answers, discovering how rain forests influence the climate, what the ―greenhouse effect‖ is, how deserts are formed and how the p olar ice caps affect ocean levels.Although home schooling offers an experience that is often more interesting than regular schools, critics point out that home-schoolers miss out on many important things. The home-schooler is an outsider who, because he or she never attended school, might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their chidren and may pass on their own narrow views to their children. However, most parents do n’t hav the time or desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.Part III UK or US education?Anyone who is bright enough is going to do well whtever their education.Peter Davies: But John,…J: in fact, I think some people carry on with their education when they would do a lot better to get out and start building their own careers by learning things in real life.P: yes, but the whole point is, life is getting so much more complicated these days that unless you carry on with your studies you just can’t cope.J: For certain things, and certain people, OK, but to my mind, the big problem in education is that you specialize too quickly. I mean, in England, you start specializing from the third year in secondary school, when you’re about 14. And it gets steadily narrower until you do your ―A‖ levels in only two or three subjects. You either do languages, or natural sciences, or social sciences.P: But surely these days you have to, John—you can’t possibly study everything because there’s just too much.J: Yes, but how many kids at the age of sixteen really know what they want to do? How many of them are convinced that the three subjects they’ve chosen, or have been recommended, are the ones that will let them follow the careers they eventually decide on?P: Oh, I think most young people who stay on at school have a fair idea of what they want to do. J: I’m not so sure, Peter. And after all, that’s not the end of it. When they get to university in England, the subjects they study are so narrow tht they are only good for one thing, so they are stuck with it.P: but I don’t really see tht there is any alternative if people are going to learn enough to be competent in their subject. They’ve got to specialize early,and I suppose those tht realize they’ve made a mistake can always swap to something else.J: Ah, but tht’s just it. You can’t. Suppose you study languages at university and then decide thatyou are not cut out for it and would like to be a doctor. You’ve burnt your bridges. You can’t just change horses in mid-stream; you’ve got to go right back to the beginning and you lose years. I think the American system is much better.John James: …I think the American system is much better.Peter Davies: In what way?J: well, for your first degree you’ve got to study a fairly wide range of s ubjects, and you can choose them yourself, within certain limits.P: Fine, but doesn’t that mean that American students with a first degree don’t have the depth of knowledge they should have?J: should have for what?P: Well, they often aren’t accepted f or postgraduate work in England with just a first degree.J: Maybe not, but I don’t really think that’s important. They come out with a pretty good general knowledge in a wide area. After all, when you think about a lot of the stuff English students have to study, what good is it to them afterwards? I’m sure the majority of British students never use 90 percent of what they studied at university.P: That may be true of some arts subjects, but wht about the sciences?J: Even then, a lot what they do at university is so academic and abstruse tht they will never be able to put it to any practical use. I’m sure thy would benefit far more from on-the-job experience. And if they’ve had a broader course of study the’ve got two advantages.P: How do you mean?J: First of all, they will have a better understanding of the world in general, so they will be more flexible in their jobs, and then if things do go wrong they will be able to switch jobs easily.P: That all sounds very simple, but I think you’re still un derestimating the amount of pure learning tht you need these days, particularly in technical and scientific areas. I mean even at school these days, children have to lean far more things than we did when we were at school .J: All the more reason we should not try to concentrate on such a few things at such an early age. Things are changing so rapidly these days that we have to change with them. When we were younger, there was a pretty good chance tht we would be able to carry on in the profession we’d chosen until we retired. But these days, people hav got to be prepared to change their jobs and learn new skills as technology moves ahead. Take just the area of the office, for example. How many offices…Part IV. Co-educational or Segregated schools?OutlineI.to equip / requireII.A. shock B. apartIII. A. true 1. Get to know 2. Live together 3. Compare 4. Male / female/B. healthy attitude 1. Mysterious creatures 2. Romantic heroes 3. Physical/ emotionalImagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be so happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surp4rising therefore tht so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children—conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute !Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s head full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregate4d school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! when segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place.But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures. Girls don’t grow up imagining tht men are romantic heroes. Years of living together dispel illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.Part V. Do you know…?Statements1. similar / Britain2. 1732/ life stories/3. 1751/ Frenchmen4. 1768/ Scotland5. 72000/ 70006. 8000 / 10007. 70 to 125An encyclopedia is a collection of information about people, places and things. A general encyclopedia includes all areas of knowledge. Special encyclopedias discuss just one area, like art or medicine. The ancient great philosopher Aristotle was perhaps the first to try to bring all existing knowledge together in a series of books. Others in different times and places did the same. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder and the Chinese expert Tu Yu are two of them. The first work similar to modern encyclopedia books was published in 1704 in Britain. Its stories were listed in order of subject from A to Z. It was the first encyclopedia whose reports were written by different experts. The first encyclopedia to include life stories of living people was published in 1732. Two French writers published an encyclopedia in their country in 1751. It continued to be published until 1780. Some history experts say the ideas presented in this encyclopedia help start themovement that led to the French Revolution. The first modern encyclopedia was the Encyclopedia Britannica written in Scotland in 1768. That provided information about almost any subject and listed its reports in alphabetical order. through the years, Britannica articles have been written by well-known experts like scientists Marie Curie and Albert Einsterin. Today, similar encyclopedias are published by many different companies all over the world. All have been books until recently. The first electronic encyclopedia appeared in 1986. Many companies now produce computer encyclopedias while they continue to publish books. The electronic versions provide the same information as the books but also include sounds and moving pictrues. The Britannica company says its new electronic has 72000 reports, including 7000 not found in its book form. It also has more than 8000 pictures and more than 1000 maps. These new electronic encyclopedias cost about 70 to 125 dollars. That is much less than you would pay for the books. However, you need a computer to be albe to read the electronic versions.Unit 9 A Kaleidoscope of CulturePart IB. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. FAre you ready for the trip to the museum in ―The Big Apple‖? I can hardly wait.―The Big Apple‖? Wht are you talking about?―The Big Apple‖ is the nickname for New York City. You are going to New York with us, aren’t you?Yes, I’m going. I’m especially looking forward to seeing the Museum of Modern Art. There’s a special show of 20th century American painters there. But, tell me, where did the nickname ―The Big Apple‖ come from?The jazz musicians of the 1920’s are responsible for the name. When they played a concert in a city, they called tht city an apple. Of course New York was the biggest city in the country and best place fro a jazz concert. So the musicians called it ―The Big Apple‖.Amazing! New York is such a fascinating place and it even has an interesting nickname, one that it’s had for more than 50 years.C. center/ 1904/ celebrations/ 1907/ tradition/ purity/ universal/ 500,000/ 300million / 85%/ outside/ 23%/ 35%/ Eve/ 500/ six feet/ Ball/ 77-foot/ destination/ numeralsPart II. New Year’s celebration in Times SquareA.Purpose: Making sure the ball takes exactly 60 seconds to descendInformation about the ball: 227 kilograms, 2 metersTime: the day before the New York’s EveB. 1. Renowned/ count down 2. Half million/ hoarse 3. Heralding 4. On and off5. gymnast/ sweet6. Spectacular/ debutHow the final hours are counting down for the year 1998? Perhaps the most renowned celebration of the United States takes place in New York city in Times Square, the heart of the city’s entertainment district. Martin Bush reports on preparations for the count down that begins the New Year’s celebration.―Happy New Year!‖The time: midnight New Year’s Eve. The place: the roof of a skyscraper, right in the middle of New York’s Times Square. A brightly lit 227 kilogram, 2 meter ball slowly descends a 24 meter pole. When the ball reaches the bottom of the pole, the year 1999 will be here. And an estimated half million people, one quarter of them visitors from outside the United States will shout themselves hoarse greeting in. But before all that happens, a day before the Eve of the New Year, workmen test the electric sphere heralding its arrival. They must make sure it takes exactly 60 seconds to descend.―Here you go. Ready? 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Happy New Year!‖tested earlier were a newly expanded fireworks display, 500 bursts of mixed colors released and synchronized with other special effects. Forty giant search light tht line Times Square are flicked on and off testing a so-called ―Cathedral of Light.‖ NewYork’s mayor Rudolph Giuliani will throw the switch that lowers the ball on New Year’s Eve. This year the mayor will be assisted by a young Chinese athlete New Yorkers have taken to their hearts.―Our specially-invited guest this year is Sang Lan, the wonderful gymnast from China, who is staying here in New York, recovering from her injury in the Goodwill Game last summer. She is a wonderful 17-year-old girl, who is sweet, happy, kind, cheerful. She is the most wonderful thing.‖This will be the last time the current ball will be used to greet the New Year. Next year a new considerably more spectacular New Year’s Eve ball created by the Waterford Crystal Company of Ireland will make its debut.Part III What is a pub?A. OutlineI. A. sign B. nameII. A. sale of alcoholic drinks B. 1. 10:30a.m.—3:00p.m.; 6 p.m.-11p.m. 2. Sundays: 7p.m.-10:30p.m. C. accommodationB. 1. That is because you seldom find the word ―pub‖ in th e name of a pub. Very often manypubs have names linked to royalty, sports, popular heroes or great occasions.2. the first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building.3. ―Saloon Bar‖ is more comfortably furnished.4. That means the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn’t tied to a brewery.There are visitors who come to England and leave thinking they have never been inside a pub. They don’t realize that the words ―pub‖ or ―public house‖ are rarely included in the title of the place. So how do you know whether a building is a pub and what does a pub offer the visitor?The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building. This sign may have a name like The Kings Arms, The Black Rabbit or The Duke of Kendal or an appropriate picture. Many pubs have names linked to royalty, popular heroes, sports or great occasions. There is a pub called The Concorde after the new airliner.On the doors of a pub you may see the words ―Saloon Bar‖ or ―Public Bar‖. The ―Saloon Bar‖ is more comfortably furnished. Occasionally the words ―Free House‖ can be seen beside the name of the pub. This doesn't mean they serve free food and drink; it refers to the fact that the pubdoesn’t buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn’t a ―tied house‖—tied to a brewery.The services a pub offers vary around the country. The basic service is the sale of alcoholic drinks at certin times of the day. Opening times, as these periods are often called, are usually from 10:30am to 3 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. on weekdays. On Sundays the opening times are 12 noon until 2 p.m. and 7-10:30 p.m. although these times can vary slightly according tot he region. Pubs can also offer food and accommodation. To help visitors, an experimental system of symbols has been tried out in Southern England and East Anglia. These symbols indicate just what is available from a particular pub.C.Picture one: coaches welcomed by appointmentTwo: bar food—lunchtimes onlyThree pub accommodationFour : facilities for the disabledFive : a pub of historic interestThe picture with a bed in it tells you that the pub provides accommodation. Do you find the picture with a person on the wheelchair? That means it has facilities for the disabled. Next try to find the picture with a very cozy village house. This is a pub of historic interest. How about that picture with a coach? You may already have guessed the meaning out: coaches welcomed by appointment. Could you figure out the meaning of the last one? Why does it have the word ―lunch‖ below the word ―Bar‖? well, that means bar food is only served at lunchtimes.Part IV The song ―Yankee Doodle‖same/ representsOur question this week asks about the song ―Yankee Doodle’. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. The British used the word ―Yankee‖ to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song ―Yankee Doodle‖. History exp erts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750’s. mnay stories say a British army doctor wrote the wong when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. Therei s little confirmation of these stories. we do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770’s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of。
外研社听力教程第三册听力答案Unit 7
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This news item i s about t h e shortage of vaccines in developing countries.
听力书Unit 7答案
Unit 7Opening upAnswers1.b2.b3.a4.b5.a6.a7.B(At night,the temperature on Mars may reach a slow about minus 153 degrees Celsius at the poles.)8.a9.a(butterflies have taste receptors on their feet . They can taste their food by standing on ti.)10.b(Hummingbirds are the only birds that are able to fly backwards.)Listening to the world Sharing1.Reference answersThe people in the podcast talk about whether they like to live in the countryside or in the city ,what animals they like and what animals they are scared of.2.Answers√ 12（As she’s getting older,sheincreasingly wants to visit the countryside more and more.)√ 3√ 45 (She enjoys taking weekendsout of London.)6 (He’s lived in the countrysidefor about 37 years.)3.Answers1.C2.A3.F4.D5.E6.B4.Answers1) Snakes2) the end3) hate4) scared of5) afraid of6) horses7) frighten8) scares9) memories10) sharks11) unknown(See T113 for Scripts)2.Reference answersThree problems are mentioned.They are related to water,animals and the weather.3.Reference answers1)envir.probs. 3)2050 5)popu.2)> 6 bil. 4)> 9 bil. 6)probs.4.Reference answers1)3 7)> 13)150000km22)probs. 8)diffi. 14）the weather3)Water 9)animals 15)↑4)< 10)↑16)↑5)4.52L 11)↓17)↑6)600L 12)Rainf.Viewing2.Answers1(The documentary is aboutJonna Lumley’s experience of seeing the magical Northern Lights.√ 2√ 33.Answers1.C2.C3.A4.A4.Answers1. beautiful2. magical3. lovely4.fantastic5.happy6.astonishingSpeaking for communication Role-play2.Answers1.B2.A3.A3.Answerse-a-c-b-d-f-g4.Answers1.can’t be2.is definitely not3.must be4.Maybe it’s5.It’s definitely not6.might beAnswersPicture A:a shark’s toothPicture B:a chameleon’s(变色龙）skinPicture C:an eagle’s eyePicture D:a dog’s noseGroup discussionGet ideas1.Answers1.It’s Fish River Canyon in Namibia.2.It is very big and amazingly quiet.2.AnswersThe expressions you hear are 1,2,3,5 and 8.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsAnswers1.C2.A3.B4.D5.DAnswers1.D2.C3.D4.AAnswers1.C2.C3.A4.CPassage 2Scripts and answers1)participated 2)access 3)tremendous4)currently 5)incredible 6)accompany7)remarkable 8)amazing 9)catching a glimpse of 10)looking forward to。
英语听力教程Unit7答案及听力原文
英语听力教程U n i t7答案及听力原文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine 2：newspaper 3：Microsoft Company 4：successful 5：richest 6：3rd 7：1955 8：Washington 9：computers 10：13 11：baseball12：football 13：computer programs 14：perform 15：high16：computer language 17：Basic 18：valuable 19：office20：home 21：established 22：1975 23：three 24：computer software25：established 26：nternational 27：usiness 28：achines 29：198130：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies34：Windows 35：easier 36：officials 37：4000000038：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty2: re-engineering3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication 2: e-mail3: sales data online 4: insights5: knowledge workers 6: high-level thinking7: create virtual teams8: paper process 9: digital process10: eliminate single-task jobs11: digital feedback loop12: route customer complaints13: redefine the boundaries14: business process 15: just-in-time delivery16: eliminate the middle man17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NATIONAL STEAMSHIP2: 20 000 3: Aristotle Onassis4: 6 000 5: American6: Big Ben 7: 1 000 8: tourist9: Buckingham Palace 10: 2 00011: The White House 12: 100 00013: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom 2: world depression 3: millionaire4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself5: storyteller6: Ub Iwerks7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three8: potential9: 55; 17 000 00027: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth.2: $80 000 000.3: $27 000 000.4: About 12 cents.5: About 800 000 square miles.6: About 1 600 000 square miles.7: $7 200 000.8: About 5 cents.9: $750 000 000 worth.10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoftdeveloped computer software for established American companies, like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company known as IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes.To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers.The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction.You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows through your organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought. Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greek businessman who …er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a … a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, and to get into shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem bei ng that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada. They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice.Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the sh ips, he fell into a snowdrift and … er … ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build … er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do. Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shipping boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called Arthur Furguson, whodiscovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw an American tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque right away, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged to sell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he livedin luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creationsare better known than his life. Peter Spencer is the author of anew book about Disney. What was Walt Disney's background Peter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City,Missouri, which incidentally was later used as the model for MainStreet U.S.A. in Disneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, youknow, by doing a correspondence course. During the First WorldWar he worked as a … a driver for the American Red Cross butafter the war he returned to Kansas City where he met a guycalled Ub Iwerks. Now they … er … started to work together on aseries of experimental-type films ... um … and after a while theyset off to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appear?Peter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character calledOswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born:cheerful, sometimes rather naughty, energetic mouse with largefunny ears. Yes, it was Mickey and he appeared for the first timein the first talking cartoon film, called Steamboat Willie. Er … notmany people know this but Walt Disney actually provided thevoice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or does itWell, Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er … illustratorstogether … um … by this time Ub Iwerks had left them an d startedhis own company, this was in 1930, and Disney Studios, as theycalled themselves, starting … started to produce the famous shortcartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie and Donald Duck andPluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business manager and drivingforce behind the company … er … making it very profitable andWalt was more the … er … imaginative, creative part of thepartnership.Presenter:What kind of man was Walt DisneyPeter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw very well … er … most of the characters wereactually drawn by Iwerks, but apparently he was an amazingstoryteller. He would act out the stories of films doing all thevoices and actions to show the illustrators what he wanted themto do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in … er … 1935. Now, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfsrequired two million drawings and took three years' work tomake. Um … obviously it was … er … very expensive, particularlyfor those times. By the way, the British film censor gave it anAdult certificate because he thought that it would be toofrightening for little children to see on their own. Er … that wasfollowed by Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941.And … er … the Disney Studios also started making … um … somerather low-budget live action feature fi lms for children … er …something which the other studios didn't dare risk doing. Er …some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'mthinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters a nd … and the reallife actors appeared together on screen and talked and dancedand sang together. Disney was one of the first to see the potentialof television, all the other studios were afraid of this medium.Um … so he started to produce films directly for television and …and now of course there's a Disney Channel showing only Disneyfilms.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't hePeter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with itsown Magic Kingdom. The original Disneyland was opened in LosAngeles in 1955 and it cost $17 million. Walt died in 1966 but hewas already working on plans for the Disney World in Orlando,Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOT Center near WaltDisney World — that's the "Experimental Prototype CommunityOf Tomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a TokyoDisneyland, which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Pa ris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney style andpresumably it always will. Disney's films appealed … um … and stilldo appeal to children of all ages, but people often criticize themfor their lack of taste and they say they're vulgar, but Disney said,"I've never called this art. It's show business and I'm a showman."Well, can you imagine a world without Mickey Mouse? Presenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal.When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place. Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians.After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth.Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine!You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions.He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars. Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable priceNapoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America.On March 30th 1867, the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $7.2 million —thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre.The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it — and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years.In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined.In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。
新闻英语视听说(Unit 7) 听力文本与练习答案
Economy1Task One: Gold Rush(Karen Koh, Anchor)Well, the hope that the conflict in Iraq will be solved diplomatically continues to take the shine out of gold markets. But for investors who still consider the precious metal a safer haven than the markets, Paula Hancocks looks at what you can get for your money.(Paula Hancocks)Diamonds may be a girl’s best friend, but when times are hard, you’re better off with gold.As equities fall, gold looks attractive. As the US dollar weakens, gold looks like a flight to quality. And as political uncertainty hits confidence and growth, gold is a favorite safe haven. Not surprising then, the price has risen almost 85 dollars an ounce in the last year alone. But how doyou go about buying it?(Mike Temple, Gold Investmenter)It’s best if you’ve got 10,000 dollars to either buy bullion coins. Preferably the Krugerrand, cause they’re cheaper as there’s a big market for them...(Paula Hancocks)My unfortunately theoretical 10,000 dollars, would buy me either 30 Krugerrand, or about nine 100 gram bars. But the hidden cost of buying physical gold is in the storage and the security.Another option is to put your money into a mutual fund. That way your investing in the shares of gold mining companies, like the world number one, US based Newmont Mining. The Merrill Lynch Gold and General Trust rose 53 percent last year as global stock markets fell.(Rchichard Davis)We would advise investors to only put a very small part of their portfolio into the gold shares.We would say maybe only 3 to 5 percent of their portfolio should be invested in gold equities. Because, they can do very well when the gold price moves up, but they can also perform quite poorly if the gold price moves down.(Paula Hancocks)Gold is ce rtainly back in fashion. Although if you’re looking purely for profit, the experts saythat buying gold jewelry is probably not the best option, as you are paying a lot more for workmanship. Although from a purely aesthetic point of view, this does look far better around my neck than a gold bar. With jewelry, you’re also paying for the shop markup. It has to be a case of mixing business with pleasure.(Ajit Mulia)At least you have it with you, it’s controlled by you, Rat her than these foreign managers and stockbrokers, you know. You can wear it, you can use, and in a rainy day, you know, you can dispose it, And get the full price of your gold back.2(Paula Hancocks)The price of gold may have been hovering around six-year highs in recent days, but those in the know say the precious metal is still cheap, below 350 dollars an ounce, when it hit as high as 850 dollars in 1980. Task Two: Celebrating 10 Years of the EuroFinance ministers from the European Union member countries have attended the Brussels Economic Forum. The two-day event is to celebrate ten years of the European Monetary Union and also the Euro currency.In his opening remark to the forum Thursday, the Euro Group President gave his assessment of the Economic and Monetary Union’s achievements and t he challenges ahead.(Jean-Claude Juncker, president of Euro group)“It’s obvious that the euro has been a success. It was not easy to come to a merger of 15 national currencies into one single currency. This single currency has developed into the second l argest currency reserve area. This single currency is protecting us against external shocks.”The Forum comes at a time when EU nations are still reluctant to give up their individual seats at major global economic talks in favor of EU seat.The European Commission is pushing for the 15 Euro nations to take a joint Euro seat at key economic institutions such as the G-Seven.In 1998, EU leaders named the eleven countries that would merge their currencies into the single unit, the Euro, but it took 4 years for the countries to physically adopt the Euro.Since 2002, other nations have joined the group and there are now 15 countries in the Euro zone.Task Three: Bring Your Finger into the Store(Hattori)What if you could buy a week’s worth of groceries without ever handing over a credit card, debit card, check or any cash? It may sound impossible, but a Seattle store has the technology to make it happen. Deborah Feldman from our affiliate KING TV has the story.(Deborah Feldman )For some people, paying for groceries with a debit card is novel enough, but for others, carrying a wallet full of cash and credit cards is nothing short of a hassle. That’s why on Wednesday, this Thriftway will start giving customers the option of using finger image technology as a way to pay for their everyday produce.(Paul Kapioski, store owner )You don’t need to bring your card into the store. You just need to bring your finger.(Feldman)Thriftway’s owner says this is the first time biometrics will be used in a Seattle store. Up unti l this point, it’s only been discussed as a safety measure in airports or home and business security systems. Depending on the system, people can use their fingers or their eyes as a personal security code.In this case, Thriftway’s system uses just a third of a person’s fingerprint to verify3 the customer is who she claims to be, and then automatically links to their accounts, so no fears of stolen identities.(Kapioski)In the Seattle area, we’re so used to new technical things. I think it will be a big hi t. (Feldman)But it’s not a big hit with everyone. Some worry of voluntary fingerprint scan in this store could lead to non-optional screening devices down the line.(Unidentified Female)It does not sound like something I would want to do.(Feldman)Why not?(Unidentified Female)Because I think that we’re embarking on some pretty serious privacy issues. (Feldman)But for others, efficiency outweighs any Orwellian theories.(Unidentified Female)You know, if I don’t have to carry my credit cards and all my bank cards and all of that, that would be sounding pretty good.(Unidentified Male)I’ve been fingerprinted before so it doesn’t matter.(Feldman)So you would probably do it?(Unidentified Male)Probably.RMB Appreciation Impacts Overseas Workers in ChinaNow the rise in the value of the Chinese yuan is influencing the earnings of overseas workers here in China. Those who get paid in US dollars are beginning to feel a real pinch in their wallets. The exchange rate of the yuan against the US dollar isn’t just a figure. It’s turned out to be real money in people’s pockets, especially for overseas people working in the Chinese mainland. (Tong Cheng, Director of Beijing Bureau of Al Jazeera)“Naturally, it’s my choice to paid in RMB, because RMB has appreciated considerably in the last 12 months. The reality for me is that my salary has gone down about 20 percent in the past two years.”While some are just complaining about their shrinking salaries, some have made it official by asking to be paid in RMB.(Andy Thruong, Executive Principal of Beijing Concord College of Sino-Canada)“The yuan has been appreciating, which makes it more fair for us to be paid in RMB. We hope the school board will solve the problem.”At the current rate, one US dollar can now be exchanged for about 7.3 yuan , compared with8.2 yuan two years ago. This means the US dollar has depreciated around 13 percent, directly4 impacting overseas workers in China.But experts say for those people work for foreign-funded companies. Their salaries are based on their companies’ overseas profits. All this makes it difficult for them to be paid in RMB.练习答案Unit Seven EconomyTask One: Gold Rush1. Multiple Choice: 1) ACD 2) ABD 3) BD 4) C 5). AC2. Spot Dictation: 1) better off 2) equities 3) the US dollar weakens4) political uncertainty 5) safe haven 6) 85 dollars an ounce7) there ’s a big market for them 8). storage and the security9) mutual fund 10) global stock markets fellTask Two: Celebrating 10 years of the Euro1. Multiple Choice: 1) A 2) BD 3) BC 4) ACD 5) ABTask Three: Bring you finger into the store1. Multiple Choices:1) ABCD 2) ACD 3) BCD 4) ABD 5) ABCD2. Spot Dictation: 1) novel 2). cash and credit cards 3). hassle4). finger image technology 5). new technical things 6).a big hit7). fingerprint scan 8). non-optional 9). privacy issues 10). fingerprinted。
英语听力教程Unit7答案及听力原文
Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine 2：newspaper 3：Microsoft Company 4：successful 5：richest6：3rd 7：1955 8：Washington 9：computers 10：13 11：baseball12：football 13：computer programs 14：perform 15：high16：computer language 17：Basic 18：valuable 19：office20：home 21：established 22：1975 23：three 24：computer software25：established 26：nternational 27：usiness 28：achines 29：198130：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies 34：Windows 35：easier 36：officials 37：38：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty2: re-engineering3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication 2: e-mail3: sales data online 4: insights5: knowledge workers 6: high-level thinking7: create virtual teams8: paper process 9: digital process10: eliminate single-task jobs11: digital feedback loop12: route customer complaints13: redefine the boundaries14: business process 15: just-in-time delivery16: eliminate the middle man17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NATIONAL STEAMSHIP2: 20 000 3: Aristotle Onassis4: 6 000 5: American6: Big Ben 7: 1 000 8: tourist9: Buckingham Palace 10: 2 00011: The White House 12: 100 00013: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom 2: world depression 3: millionaire4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself5: storyteller6: Ub Iwerks7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three8: potential9: 55; 17 000 00027: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth.2: $80 000 000.3: $27 000 000.4: About 12 cents.5: About 800 000 square miles.6: About 1 600 000 square miles.7: $7 200 000.8: About 5 cents.9: $750 000 000 worth.10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoft developed computer software for established American companies,like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company known as IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes.To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers. The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction.You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows through your organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought.Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greekbusinessman who … er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a …a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, andto get in to shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem being that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada.They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice. Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the ships, he fell into a snowdrift and …er …ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build …er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do.Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shippi ng boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called ArthurFurguson, who discovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw an America n tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque rightaway, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged to sell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he lived in luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creationsare better known than his life. Peter Spencer is the author ofa new book about Disney. What was Walt Disney's backgroundPeter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City,Missouri, which incidentally was later used as the model for MainStreet in Disneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, youknow, by doing a correspondence course. During the First WorldWar he worked as a … a driver for the American R ed Cross but afterthe war he returned to Kansas City where he met a guy called UbIwerks. Now they … er … started to work together on a seriesof experimental-type films ... um … and after a while they setoff to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appearPeter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character called Oswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born:cheerful, sometimes rather naughty, energetic mouse with largefunny ears. Yes, it was Mickey and he appeared for the first timein the first talking cartoon film, called Steamboat Willie. Er …not many people know this but Walt Disney actually provided thevoice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or doesit Well, Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er …illustrators together … um … by this time Ub Iwerks had leftthem and started his own company, this was in 1930, and DisneyStudios, as they called themselves, starting … started to producethe famous short cartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie andDonald Duck and Pluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business managerand driving force behind the company … er … m aking it veryprofitable and Walt was more the … er … imaginative, creativepart of the partnership.Presenter:What kind of man was Walt DisneyPeter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw very well … er … most of the characters wereactually drawn by Iwerks, but apparently he was an amazingstoryteller. He would act out the stories of films doing all thevoices and actions to show the illustrators what he wanted themto do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in … er … 1935. Now, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfsrequired two million drawings and took three years' work to make.Um … obviously it was … er … very expensive, particularly forthose times. By the way, the British film censor gave it an Adultcertificate because he thought that it would be too frighteningfo r little children to see on their own. Er … that was followedby Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941. And … er …the Disney Studios also started making … um … some ratherlow-budget live action feature films for children … er …something which th e other studios didn't dare risk doing. Er …some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'mthinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters and … and the reallife actors appeared together on screen and talked and danced andsang together. Disney was one of the first to see the potentialof television, all the other studios were afraid of this medium.Um … so he started to produce films directly for television and …and now of course there's a Disney Channel showing only Disneyfilms.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't hePeter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with itsown Magic Kingdom. The original Disneyland was opened in LosAngeles in 1955 and it cost $17 million. Walt died in 1966 buthe was already working on plans for the Disney World in Orlando,Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOT Center near WaltDisney World — that's the "Experimental Prototype Community OfTomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a Tokyo Disneyland,which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Paris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney styleand presumably it always will. Disney's films appealed … um …and still do appeal to children of all ages, but people oftencriticize them for their lack of taste and they say they're vulgar,but Disney said, "I've never called this art. It's show businessand I'm a showman." Well, can you imagine a world without MickeyMousePresenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal.When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place.Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians.After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth.Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine!You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions.He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars.Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable priceNapoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America.On March 30th 1867, the . Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $ million — thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre.The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it —and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years. In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined.In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。
新标准大学英语视听说教程(2)听力原文_Unit 7
Unit 7—Conversation 1Mark: Hi！Kate: Hi，Janet！Have you been waiting long？Janet: Not at all。
What did you think of Hero?Kate：It was brilliant，thanks for suggesting it。
Janet：Well，it was nominated for an Oscar，you know。
Kate：That figures。
It’s a beautiful film.Mark: Yes. The costumes, and scenery were amazing，Kate：I'd love to know more about the emperor, he was cool。
Who was he？Janet：Qin Shi Huang —it’s said he was the first emperor in the history of China — he unified China。
Ka te: Did he？When?Janet：Er ..。
221 BC。
Mark: As long ago as that!Waitress: Hi guys！What can I get you？Kate: Yes，I’ll have a coke, thanks.Mark：Er ..。
Just a coffee。
Waitress：Sure。
Mark: Tell us more ..。
Janet：Um .。
Well, before that, there were seven big states and they had been fighting each other for many years. Mark: Right。
Janet: It’s called the Warring States Period. Anyway - Qin was king of the largest state and he defeated the six other states，one after another. It took him ten years to conquer them，each with a different strategy.Mark：What kind of man was he？Janet：Well，he was brilliant, obviously。
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Unit 7 Fame and FortunePart I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1：magazine2：newspaper3：Microsoft Company4：successful5：richest 6：3rd7：19558：Washington9：computers10：1311：baseball 12：football13：computer programs14：perform15：high 16：computer language17：Basic18：valuable19：office 20：home21：established22：197523：three24：computer software 25：established26：nternational27：usiness28：achines29：1981 30：personal computer 31：operating system 32 ：129 33：computer companies 34：Windows35：easier36：officials37：40000000 38：thousands of millions of dollars 39：16 000 40：48 41：30 42：100Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesA. Keys:1: quailty 2: re-engineering 3: velocityB. Keys:1: communication2: e-mail 3: sales data online4: insights 5: knowledge workers6: high-level thinking 7: create virtual teams 8: paper process9: digital process 10: eliminate single-task jobs 11: digital feedback loop 12: route customer complaints 13: redefine the boundaries 14: business process15: just-in-time delivery 16: eliminate the middle man 17: help customers solve problemsPart III Great business dealsA. Keys:1: NA TIONAL STEAMSHIP 2: 20 0003: Aristotle Onassis 4: 6 0005: American 6: Big Ben7: 1 0008: tourist 9: Buckingham Palace10: 2 000 11: The White House12: 100 000 13: The Statue of Liberty 14: 100 000 15: AustralianB. Keys:1: boom2: world depression3: millionaire 4: identified 5: fraud 6: five 7: California 8: luxuryPart IV More about the topic: Walt Disney1: correspondence course 2: Oswald the Rabbit 3: talking cartoon film4: Walt Disney himself 5: storyteller 6: Ub Iwerks 7: 35; feature-length cartoon film; 2 000 000; three 8: potential 9: 55; 17 000 000 27: taste; vulgarity; children of all agesPart V Do you know…?1: $24 worth of kettles, axes and cloth. 2: $80 000 000. 3: $27 000 000. 4: About 12 cents. 5: About 800 000 square miles. 6: About 1 600 000 square miles. 7: $7 200 000. 8: About 5 cents. 9: $750 000 000 worth. 10: An estimated 100 000 000 000 tons.Tape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B.In the past few years, hundreds of magazine and newspaper stories have been written about Bill Gates and his company, the reason the Microsoft Company is extremely successful. It has made Bill Gate one of the richest men in the world. William Gates the 3rd was born in 1955, in a western city of Seattle, Washington. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. When most young boys his age were playing baseball or football, young Bill Gates was learning to write computer programs. These programs tell computers how to perform useful tasks. Bill Gate attended Harvard University after high school. At Harvard, he began developing the computer language called Basic. He began to think that the computer would someday become a valuable tool that could be used in every office and home. Bill Gate returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers. Microsoft developed computer software for established American companies, like General Electric and Citibank. Soon Microsoft was working with the International Business Machines Company knownas IBM. In 1981,IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating system. By then, Microsoft had 129 workers. Today IBM still uses Microsoft's computer operating system. So do many other computer companies. One of the most famous Microsoft products is a program called Windows. Windows makes it much easier to use a computer. Company officials say Microsoft has sold about 40 000 000 copies of the Windows program around the world. Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 000 workers in more than 48 countries. Microsoft today produces computer programs in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.Part II Bill Gate s’ new rulesIf the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering, then the 2000s will be about velocity. About how quickly business itself will be transacted. About how information access will alter the life-style of consumers and their expectations of business. Quality improvements and business-process improvements will occur far faster. When the increase in velocity is great enough, the very nature of business changes. To function in the digital age, we have developed a new digital infrastructure. It's like the human nervous system. Companies need to have that same kind of nervous system — the ability to run smoothly and efficiently, to respond quickly to emergencies and opportunities to quickly get valuable information to the people in the company who need it, the ability to quickly make decisions and interact with customers. The successful companies of the next decade will be the ones that use digital tools to reinvent the way they work. To make digital information flow an intrinsic part of your company, here are 12 key steps.1. Insist that communication flow through e-mail.2. Study sales data online to share insights easily.3. Shift knowledge workers into high-level thinking.4. Use digital tools to create virtual teams.5. Convert every paper process to a digital process.6. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.7. Create a digital feedback loop.8. Use digital systems to route customer complaints immediately.9. Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.10. Transform every business process into just-in-time delivery.11. Use digital delivery to eliminate the middle man.12. Use digital tools to help customers solve problems for themselves.As I said in The Road Ahead, we always overestimate the change that will occur in the next two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the next 10. Don't let yourself be lulled into inaction. You know you have built an excellent digital nervous system when information flows throughyour organization as quickly and naturally as thought in a human being and when you can use technology to marshal and coordinate teams of people as quickly as you can focus an individual on an issue. It's business at the speed of thought.Part III Great business deals1.In the … er … late 1920s, early 1930s, there was a … a young Greek businessman who …er … made quite a lot of money … er … by importing tobacco into Argentina. Um … he then moved up to North America … er … this was in about … er … 1933, when of course the world was in the middle of a … a trade slump. Er … he … er … decided he wanted to get into shipping, and to get into shipping he needed ships so he … he started looking around for some ships to buy with his tobacco fortune and he found ten vessels … er …which belonged to the Canadian National Steamship Company … er … the problem being that they were frozen into the ice in the St Lawrence River in Canada. They'd been rusting away there for two years and were now completely filled up with snow and ice.Er … in fact the story goes that when he went aboard to … er … inspect one of the ships, he fell into a snowdr ift and … er … ended up on the deck below. Well, the ships had cost $2 million to build … er … about ten years before, and the owners were prepared to let them go just for a … a scrap price of … er … $30 000 each. He offered $20,000 and the owners accepted.He left them there, stuck in the ice, there was nothing more he could do. Er … but a few years later, the … the world depression … er … came to an end and … er … world war seemed to be looming in Europe and, of course, that led in its turn to a … bit of a shipping boom. So the young man, there he was with his ships and … er … he became one of the richest men in the world. His name was … Aristotle Onassis.2.Once upon a time there was an enterprising Scottish actor, called Arthur Furguson, whodiscovered that he could make a very good living selling things that didn't actually belong to him, in other words he was a con man. He first got the idea when he was sitting in the middle of Trafalgar Square (in London that is). Um … this was in 1923, and he saw a n American tourist admiring the stone lions and the fountains and Nelson's Column. He introduced himself as the "official guide" to the Square and started to explain the history of the place. And while he was doing this he also slipped in a little mention that as Britain was heavily in debt, the British government was looking for the right kind of person to buy the Square. He said that he was the official government salesman and that the asking price was around ￡6 000. The American said that this was a good price and offered to pay by cheque right away, so Mr. Furguson went off to okay this with his superiors — in other words he went off for an hour and a half and kept the American waiting. Well, he then came back and said, yes, they were willing to sell to the American at that price. The American wrote a check and Furguson gave him a receipt and the address of a company who would dismantle the Square and get it ready for shipping it to the States. Then he went off to cash the check.Soon after that he sold Big Ben for ￡1 000 and took a down payment on Buckingham Palace of ￡2 000. Two years later he went to the United States and leased the White House to a Texas cattleman for 99 years for $100 000 per annum. Later he arranged tosell the Statue of Liberty to an Australian for $100 000, but unfortunately Furguson allowed the buyer to take a photograph of him and the Australian, feeling slightly suspicious, showed the photograph to the police. Furguson was identified and sent to prison for fraud for five years. When he came out he retired to California, where he lived in luxury until he died in 1938.Part IV More about the topic: alt DisneyPresenter:Walt Disney is well known as the creator of Mickey Mouse and the inventor of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, but his creations are better knownthan his life. Peter Spencer is the author of a new book about Disney. Whatwas Walt Disney's background?Peter:Walter Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago but actually he was brought up in a small town in the Mid-West near Kansas City, Missouri, whichincidentally was later used as the model for Main Street U.S.A. inDisneyland. Um ... he first studies cartooning, you know, by doing acorrespondence course. During the First World War he worked as a … adriver for the American Red Cross but after the war he returned to KansasCity where he met a guy called Ub Iwerks. Now they … er … started to worktogether on a series of experimental-type films ... um … and after a whilethey set off to California to join Walt's elder brother Roy who was livingthere in Los Angeles.Presenter:When did Mickey Mouse first appear?Peter:Ah, well, Disney and Iwerks first invented a character called Oswald the Rabbit but then in 1928 a new character was born: cheerful, sometimesrather naughty, energetic mouse with large funny ears. Yes, it was Mickeyand he appeared for the first time in the first talking cartoon film, calledSteamboat Willie. Er … not many people know this but Walt Disney actuallyprovided the voice for Mickey. By the way, he was almost called "MortimerMouse", which doesn't have the same kind of ring to it, or does it? Well,Roy and Walt gathered a team of artists … er … illustrators together … um …by this time Ub Iwerks had left them and started his own company, this wasin 1930, and Disney Studios, as they called themselves, starting … started toproduce the famous short cartoons with … starring Mickey and Minnie andDonald Duck and Pluto and Goofy. Er … Roy was the business manager anddriving force behind th e company … er … making it very profitable and Waltwas more the … er … imaginative, creative part of the partnership. Presenter:What kind of man was Walt Disney?Peter:Well, according to the artists who worked for him Walt actually couldn't draw ve ry well … er … most of the characters were actually drawn byIwerks, but apparently he was an amazing storyteller. He would act out thestories of films doing all the voices and actions to show the illustrators whathe wanted them to do and then they had to go off and try to recreate hisvisualizations.Presenter:The most famous cartoon of all was Snow White — and the best I still think.Peter:Mm, yeah, it was the first feature-length cartoon and it was released in …er … 1935. Now, Snow White and th e Seven Dwarfs required two milliondrawings and took three years' work to make. Um … obviously it was … er …very expensive, particularly for those times. By the way, the British filmcensor gave it an Adult certificate because he thought that it would be toofrightening for little children to see on their own. Er … that was followed byPinocchio and Fantasia in 1940, Dumbo in 1941. And … er … the DisneyStudios also started making … um … some rather low-budget live actionfeature films for children … er … something which the other studios didn'tdare risk doing. Er … some of his films mixed live action with cartoons —er … I'm thinking about Mary Poppins, which I think we've probably allseen, made in 1964, where cartoon characters and … and the real life actorsappeared together on screen and talked and danced and sang together.Disney was one of the first to see the potential of television, all the otherstudios were afraid of this medium. Um … so he started to produce filmsdirectly for television and … and now of course there's a Disney Channelshowing only Disney films.Presenter:And then he dreamt up Disneyland, didn't he?Peter:Ah, "dreamt" is the right word. Disneyland was a creation of the land of his dreams: safe, happy, clean, fairy-tale world with its own Magic Kingdom.The original Disneyland was opened in Los Angeles in 1955 and it cost $17million. Walt died in 1966 but he was already working on plans for theDisney World in Orlando, Florida, which opened in 1971, and the EPCOTCenter near Walt Disney World —that's the "Experimental PrototypeCommunity Of Tomorrow", by the way. And there's also a … a TokyoDisneyland, which was opened in … um … 1983.Presenter:And … and now there's even an Euro Disneyland near Paris, I think.Peter:Yes, that's right. Um … and the Disney Studios still continue to produce films in the … the house style, the Walt Disney style and presumably italways will. Disney's films appealed … um … and still do appeal to childrenof all ages, but people often criticize them for their lack of taste and theysay they're vulgar, but Disney said, "I've never called this art. It's showbusiness and I'm a showman." Well, can you imagine a world withoutMickey Mouse?Presenter:Peter Spencer, thank you.Part V Do you know…?1. The best real estate deal in historyEven in the days when America was known as the New World, it was a country with a reputation for its spirit of enterprise and the ability of its people to make a good deal. When the settlers started negotiating, the natives hardly knew what had hit them — and in the summer of 1626, probably the most spectacular real estate coup in history took place. Governor Peter Minuit of the Dutch West India Company had the job of buying Manhattan Island from the Indians. After some haggling with Chief Manhasset, the price was agreed at 24 dollars' worth of kettles, axes and cloth. Today, $24 would not buy one square foot of office space in New York City, and an office block in central Manhattan changes hands for around $80 million. Even allowing for inflation, Minuit got himself a real bargain.2. Not again, Josephine! You would think that the Manhattan deal would remain a one-off for ever. But less than two centuries later the loser was Napoleon, Emperor of France and (in his early years, at least) a brilliant military tactician.In 1803, Napoleon had his mind on European affairs (in particular, an invasion of Britain), so he decided to dispense with France's American possessions. He sold the entire Mississippi valley, an area of 828 000 square miles extending from Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico and westwards to the Rockies, for just over 27 million dollars. Through this deal, known as the Louisiana purchase, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States for only around 5 cents per acre.3. Nice ice at a reasonable price Napoleon did just manage to reach Moscow in his ill-fated invasion of 1812 — but it would seem that news of his poor American deal did not.For, astonishingly, the Russians went on to become the third victims of major land deals with America. On March 30th 1867, the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward, bought Alaska from Tsar Alexander II for a mere $7.2 million —thereby acquiring another 586 000 square miles of territory for less than 2 cents per acre. The Tsar presumably thought that this remote, frozen and virtually uninhabited piece of land had nothing at all to commend it — and at first, the American people agreed with him, for Alaska was known as "Seward's folly" and "Seward's ice box" for years. In 1896, however, gold was struck at Klondike in the Yukon, and since then, over 750 million dollars' worth has been mined. In 1968, black gold was discovered —and an estimated 100 billion tons of coal are also lying underground, just waiting to be dug up.。