2021-2022年(直击高考)高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题01 with的复合结构
2021高考英语语法重点难点知识点汇总(精华版)
2021高考英语语法重点难点知识点汇总（精华版）高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。
其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，将高中英语所有语法项目总结在一起，供同学系统学习。
高考英语语法项目汇总01名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格02代词（1）人称代词：主格和宾格形式（2）物主代词：形容词与名词性形式（3）反身代词：myself, himself, ourselves, etc. （4）指示代词 this, that, these, those（5）不定代词 some, any, no, etc.（6）疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.03数词(1)基数词(2)序数词04介词和介词短语词：汇表中所列介词的基本用法05连词：词汇表中所列连词的基本用法06形容词(比较级和最高级)（1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法（2）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法①构成 -er, -est; more, the most②基本句型as＋原级形式＋as. . .not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .比较级形式＋than. . .the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .07副词(比较级和最高级)（1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法（2）疑问副词when, where, how（3）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)①构成 -er, -est; more, the most②基本句型as＋原级形式＋as. . .not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .比较级形式＋than. . .the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .08冠词：一般用法09动词（1）行为动词或实义动词：①及物动词②不及物动词（2）连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc. （3）助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc. （4）情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.10时态（1）一般现在时I get up at six o'clock every morning.He doesn't speak Russian.They are very busy.The moon moves round the earth.When you see him, tell him to come to my place.I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.（2）一般过去时I was in Grade One last year.I got up at five yesterday.（3）一般将来时①shall ( will)＋动词原形I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon. She will be here tomorrow.②be going to＋动词原形I'm going to help him.（4）现在进行时We're reading the text now.They're waiting for a bus.（5）现在完成时I have already posted the letter.They have lived here for ten years.（6）过去进行时We were having a meeting this time yesterday.The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her. （7）过去完成时We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.（8）过去将来时He said he would go to the cinema that evening. Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday. 11被动语态（一般现在时，一般过去时，含有情态动词，一般将来时）（1）一般现在时的被动语态English is taught in that school.（2）一般过去时的被动语态The song was written by that worker.（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态She must be sent to hospital at once.（4）一般将来时的被动语态The homework will be done in two hours .12非谓语动词（1）动词不定式 (全部掌握)①作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.②作宾语 They began to read.③作宾语补足语Jim asked me to help him with his lessons. We often heard her sing.④作定语I have an important meeting to attend.⑤作状语She went to see her grandma yesterday.⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后I don't know how to use a computer.Do you know when to start?He didn't know what to do next.（2）动词的-ing形式（3）动词的-ed形式13构词法（1）合成法：classroom, something, reading-room （2）派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy（3）转化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )（4）缩写和简写14句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）（4）感叹句15句子成分（1）主语Betty likes her new bike.He gets up early every day.To learn a foreign language is not easy. （2）谓语(主谓一致)We work hard.The boy caught a bird.He is my brother.They all look fine.（3）表语Her sister is a nurse.It's me.I'm ready.He got angry.We were at home last night.His cup is broken.（4）宾语Tom bought a story-book.I saw him yesterday.He wanted to have a cup of tea.（5）直接宾语和间接宾语He gave me some ink.Our teacher told us an interesting story. （6）宾语补足语Call her Xiao Li.You must keep the room clean.John asked me to help him.（7）定语This is a green jeep.This is an apple tree.Are these students your classmates? Winter is the coldest season of the year.I have something to tell you.（8）状语You are quite right.She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.He stopped to have a look.16简单句的基本句型第一种：主语＋连系动词＋表语 ( S＋V＋P)The bike is new/in the room .第二种：主语＋不及物动词 ( S＋V)He swims.第三种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ( S＋V＋O)Children often sing this song.第四种：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)She showed her friends all her pictures.第五种：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S＋V＋O＋C)We keep our classroom clean and tidy.第六种：there be句型17主谓一致—Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited A．wereB．have beenC．has beenD．was【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。
2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳
2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。
以下是小编整理的2022最新高考英语重点语法归纳，欢迎大家借鉴与参考!高中有哪些重点的英语语法知识点人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When h e arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：I saw her with them , at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。
(her做宾语，them 做介词宾语，her作主语补语)a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?b. -- Me .--我。
(me作主语补语= It's me.)说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。
现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换1) 宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?---- Not me.--我可不要了。
高三语法重点与难点剖析
高三语法重点与难点剖析在高三阶段，语法的学习成为了学生们备战高考的重中之重。
掌握语法知识不仅可以提升写作和阅读能力，还有助于解答选择题。
本文将针对高三学生常见的语法重点与难点进行剖析，帮助同学们更好地掌握这些知识点。
一、时态和语态时态和语态是语法中的基础知识点，也是高三学生容易犯错的地方。
时态分为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时等，学生们需要根据句子的语境和时间线来选择正确的时态。
与时态相比，语态的掌握相对较难。
被动语态的构成通常是“be+过去分词”，但在实际应用中，学生们需要注意各种时态和情态动词时态的被动语态形式。
二、固定搭配和习语固定搭配和习语也是高考中经常出现的语法考点。
固定搭配指的是两个或多个单词常常连用在一起，形成一个固定的表达习惯，例如“make a decision”（做决定）、“take into account”（考虑到）等。
学生们需要通过大量的阅读和积累，熟练掌握这些固定搭配，避免不应该搭配在一起的单词组合。
此外，习语也是需要注意的部分，例如“kick the bucket”（去世）、“piece of cake”（小菜一碟）等。
三、连接词的使用连接词在句子中起着连接不同成分、衔接句子之间关系的作用。
高三学生在连接词的使用上常常出现错误。
例如，对于原因和结果的表达，学生们需要选择正确的连接词，如“because”（因为）表示原因，“as a result”（结果）表示结果。
类似地，学生还需要掌握表示递进、转折、条件等关系的连接词，以保证句子之间的逻辑准确性。
四、虚拟语气虚拟语气是高考中较为难的语法考点之一。
它常常用于表示假设、愿望、建议等情况。
包括谓语动词、宾语从句和状语从句的虚拟语气的使用等。
例如，“If I were you, I would study harder.”（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
）在该句中，虚拟语气用于表示假设的情况。
五、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
(直击高考)高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题02 被动语态考点
直击高考英语语法重难点系列专题02 被动语态考点英语里面的语态分两种：主动语态和被动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词〞构成，时态通过“be〞表现出来。
何时用被动语态呢？1.不知道动作的执行者是谁My cup was broken this morning. 我杯子今天早晨打破的。
2.没必要知道动作的执行者是谁This kind of glass is made in China. 这种玻璃是在这个制造的。
3.强调动作的执行者是谁Your cup was broken by Li Hua. 你杯子是李华打破的。
注意：目前试卷被动语态的考点是：看起来是被动的而要用主动来表示。
下面就这一专题做一个归纳：一、read ,sell, write, last, dry, tear 等动词，在表示主语的某种特性时，只能用主动表被动含义。
sell well(畅销、好卖) break easily(容易断) tear easily(容易破)write well(好写)readwell(好读)dry easily(容易干)wash well(好洗) last well(耐穿)1)His books sell well.(他的书好卖。
)2)Paper tears easily in wet weather. ( 纸在潮湿的气候下容易破。
〕3)This kind of jeans lasts well.( 这种牛仔裤耐穿。
)4)My pen writes well.( 我的笔好写。
)5)The poem by him reads well.( 他写的诗好读。
)6) This kind of cloth washes well. (这种布好洗。
)上述这些例句的谓语动作的发生均不以人的意志所转移，全由主语本身的性质所决定。
专题01 成长故事-直击新高考英语 专项突破“读后续写”
专题01直击2022高考英语专项突破“读后续写”--成长故事读后续写“一波三折”：1.情绪------情绪描写。
从原材料中体会作者相应情绪，借助情绪的延续，以此为衔接，续写。
2.细节-----进一步描述。
3.转折----个人的努力或者借助外界的力量，使事情发生转折。
4.转机-----事情似乎有了转机，让人抱有希望，心理能感到安慰。
5.失望----问题仍然没有解决或者又出现了新的问题。
6.想法----面对没有解决的问题或者新问题，突然有了想法或感触。
7.结局-----在想法或感触的影响下，事情有了最后的转折/转机。
8.点题-----呼应前文备注：这八步不是固定的，考生可以根据自己的想法打乱部分顺序，也可以略写个别环节。
此步骤，可让续写有话可说，让情节续写跌宕起伏，前提是要读懂原材料的中心，抓住文章脉络。
每个人都会成长。
在点点滴滴中，在大风大浪中，在自我挣扎中……01阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Here’s the story of my growth over the past year. It’s a story of how I found the stren gth to change myself for better and then how I get rid of my fears to be even better. If anyone is inspired by this, that’s wonderful.I’d been stuck as this incredibly insecure, under-confident and just scared individual for years and years. Since childho od I’d been stuck like this. Kids I met for the first time looked at me rudely and unkindly. Even my friends—actually, I had very few friends because I just felt too ashamed and frightened to make some, though I was eager to and felt extremely lonely in the depth of my heart—laughed at me and gave me bad nicknames. I felt terrible, but I’d just resigned to a life where I’d be afraid of everything and be this “introvert” (内向的人) or whatever. I thought I would never be able to change, never, for my whole life.But then it all started changing. Something clicked. I suddenly determined to go on a diet, and lost some weight. It was tough. I felt hungry all the time. I was always tempted by the smell of bread and hamburger, even when I didn’t see them. But the toug hest thing was that even if I had just had my meals, I felt hunger mentally.However, I held on. In over a period of 6 months I finally managed to stick to one of my diets. I didn’t know how. But I did make it.The loss of 90 lbs brought me from overweight straight down to underweight. This isn’t the best part. More importantly and inspiringly, I suddenly found strength in me. I realized I could be totally different. And maybe, I could even be whatever I wanted to be. This taught me that I could change myself.Then I wondered, perhaps, I could also get rid of those of my fears, just like I succeeded in losing my extra pounds. It might not be easy, but it might not be that difficult.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右：2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
2022版新高考英语总复习真题专题--专题一 名词、代词和冠词(解析版)
2022版新高考英语总复习--第一部分语言知识专题一名词、代词和冠词—三年模拟—A组考点基础题组Passage 1(用所给词的适当形式填空)It was late at night.Two1(German)were sleeping in their room when suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck.She had three thousand2(dollar) in her pocket.“What should I do? Many3(thief)usually bring4(knife)with them,” she thought in5 (silent).And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6(sport)suit.It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room,so he went out to the next room where two7(Frenchman)were sleeping.When he was looking for8(money) or some9(jewel)in the next room,Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the10(police).And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away,the police caught him.For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.Germans2.dollars3.thieves4.knives5.silence6.sports7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.policePassage 2(冠词填空)When I walked down Third Avenue,as1rule,I would love to look into the windows of2old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time,I cupped my hands against3 windows to get4small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been cared about for5long time,but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were6most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about7old, too. I knew their value,and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmotherand given8deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well,my sister and I respected other people,regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all9people around her.She was known to be10wise and kind woman,who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽)with age,but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.a2.an3.the4.a5.a6.the7.the8.a9.the10.aPassage 3(代词选词填空)“Without the ball,I'm half complete of 1(myself,my),”Luís Figo,one of the world's greatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first international match at the age of 18.He reached a new mark by playing2(his,him)hundredth match for his national team. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for3(him,them).“Figo,Figo,”4(all,both)shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win5(another,other)Spanish Cup with Real Madrid.Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona, and he showed6(everyone,anyone)what a great player he was by winning.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said Joseph Blatter. Figo7 (himself,he) was a real leader8(who,which)always tried his best on the field and a good team player.He didn't have any problems working together with his teammate David Beckham.In fact,Figo was the first9(one,some)to welcome Bec kham when he arrived.“We have a strong team,and we can help one10(other,another) and work together to be successful,”Figo said.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.myself2.his3.him4.all5.another6.everyone7.himself8.who9.one10.anotherPassage 4(根据括号中的汉语提示完成下面的书信)Dear Ms. Chen,I'm Li Hua, a student from Class 2,Grade 3. I'm writing to apply for 1.(学生志愿者的职位).I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve 2. (我的组织能力、沟通技巧以及我的信心) in speaking English in public.As 3.(一个外向的女孩), I get along well with my classmates. I have 4.(如此精通英语) that I am elected as 5.(英语老师的助手). Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in 6.(我们班几次英语活动), which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.I am sure that I can perfectly live up to 7.(您的期望). I would be grateful if you could 8.(考虑我).Looking forward to your reply.Yours truly,Li Hua 答案1.the position as a student volunteer2.my organizational ability, communication skills and confidence3.an outgoing girl4.such a good command of English5.assistant to my English teacher6.several English activities of our class7.your expectations8.take me into considerationB组专题综合题组Passage 1(2021山东济南外国语学校10月检测改编)On Oct. 15, 2018, one of1two co-founders of Microsoft, Paul Allen, died at age 65 from cancer.When2comes to Microsoft, the first person people think of is Bill Gates, the other co-founder of the firm. However, Allen was just as important to the 3(create) of the company. Allen was, many people say,4 much quieter person. He was content with the science side of things, while Gates has the better head for business.When the pair started Microsoft in5mid-1970s, they focused on the microcomputer industry. What they lacked, though, was an operating system. The 6(company) big break came in 1980, when Microsoft created the MS-DOS operating system. Later came Windows.After Allen passed away, Bill Gates made a statement to praise 7(he), “Even in high school, before most people knew what a personal computer was, Paul predicted that chips would get super-powerful and would eventually give rise to a whole new industry.”1. 2. 3. 4.5. 6.7.答案1.the2.it3.creation4.a5.thepany's7.himPassage 2(2021湖南三湘名校教育联盟10月大联考改编)Canada is bilingual (双语的),with English and French as the official languages. In 1996, 1percentage of Canadians reporting English as their mother tongue was just under 60 percent while those reporting French as their mother tongue was slightly less than 24 percent. The percentage of native English 2(speaker) had risen over the previous decade, while 3of French speakers had declined. At 4same time, about 17 percent of all Canadians could speak both official languages, though this is a regionalized phenomenon. In those 5(province) with the largest number of native French speakers, 38 percent and 33 percent respectively were bilingual, numbers that had been increasing steadily over 6previous twenty years. In contrast, Ontario, which accounts for more than 30 percent of the total population of Canada, has 7English-French bilingualism rate of about 12 percent. This is in part a result of the patterns of 8(immigrate) over time, which sees the majority of all immigrants getting to Ontario, and in part because all official and commercial 9(serve) in Ontario are conducted in English, even though French is available by law, if not by practice. English-French bilingualism is less important in the everyday lives of 10living outside of Quebec and New Brunswick.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.the2.speakers3.that4.the5.provinces6.the7.an8.immigration9.services10.thosePassage 3(2020广东珠海期末改编)Whether you see red, feel blue, or go green with envy may depend on what country you call home. And when they were given data on how1person associated colors with emotions, researchers could correctly predict where they were from. The 2(science) surveyed 711 people from China, Germany, Greece, and the United Kingdom. 3(volunteer) read the word for 12 colors, such as “green” and “black”. 4(them) then indicated what emotion the colors brought to mind, and how strongly the color was tied to the feeling. Across the board, the colors that inspired 5most emotion were red, black, and pink, but brown and purple didn't have that strong 6(association). Black was associated with7(sad) across all countries, for example, and red with positive emotions like love and 8(please), along with negative feelings such as anger and hate. Still, there were some cultural 9(different). For instance, brown has a stronger association with disgust in Germany than in other countries. People from Greece were the only group to associate purple firstly with unhappiness. White was considered as more negative in China (people there traditionally wear white to funerals), and yellow was positive in all 10(country)except Greece.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.a2.scientists3.Volunteers4.They5.the6.associations7.sadness8.pleasure9.differences10.countriesPassage 4(2020河北唐山期末改编)“Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as 1word of the year for 2019 after being used on average 100 times more than in 2018.Defined as “a situation where urgent 2(act) is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from 3”, the word became one of the most important 4(term) of 2019. “Climate” did not have a place in the top words typically used to modify (修饰) “emergency” in 2018. Instead, the top types of emergencies that people wrote about were health, hospital and family emergencies. But with climate emergency, people saw something new, an 5(extend) of emergency to the global level. The 6(choose) was reflective, not just of the rise in climate 7(aware), but the focus specifically on the language used todiscuss it. Oxford said the rise of “climate emergency” showed 8intentional push towards language of urgency.The9(dictionary) word of the year is chosen to reflect attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of cultural 10(significant). Previous winners of the word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.the2.action3.it4.terms5.extension6.choice7.awareness8.an9.dictionary's10.significance。
高考语法难点突破
高考语法难点突破在高考英语考试中，语法部分是很多考生的难点。
不仅要掌握基本的语法知识，还需要了解一些高级的语法用法和常见的错误。
本文将介绍一些常见的高考语法难点，并给出相应的解决方法，帮助考生突破语法难关。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是高考英语考试中的一个重点考点。
一般情况下，主语为单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：“The dog barks（狗吠）”；“The cats sleep（猫咪们在睡觉）”。
然而，有时主谓一致会出现一些困扰人的复杂情况。
比如，当主语为集体名词时，谓语动词既可以是单数形式也可以是复数形式。
在这种情况下，我们需要根据上下文的意思来判断。
例如：“The team is （队伍是）”和“The team are（队伍们是）”。
在日常口语中，一般情况下我们会使用复数形式，但在正式的书面语中，我们更倾向于使用单数形式。
二、动词时态动词时态是高考英语考试中的另一个难点。
一般情况下，时态的选择要符合句子的语境，准确表达动作的发生时间。
例如：“I have finished my homework（我已经完成了作业）”和“I will go to the park tomorrow（我明天会去公园）”。
然而，有时一个句子中同时出现了过去时和现在时，这就涉及到时态的转换。
比如，当表示过去某个时间点的动作和现在仍然存在的状态时，我们需要使用现在完成时态。
例如：“Tom has lived in Beijing since he was 5（自从5岁开始，汤姆就一直住在北京）”。
三、固定短语英语中有许多固定短语，这些短语在高考英语考试中经常出现。
例如“look forward to（期待）”和“take care of（照顾）”。
这些短语的用法需要记忆和积累。
考生可以通过做题和阅读来熟悉这些固定短语的用法，加深对它们的理解。
四、冠词和代词冠词和代词的使用也是高考英语考试中的难点之一。
2021年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题01名词和冠词（含解析）
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一路进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。
因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这种试题会继续出现。
建议考生在温习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词大体含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指和习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例一、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方式)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
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2021年（直击高考）高考英语语法重难点系列专题01 with的复合结构我们把学英语比作为修房子：语法是房子的框架，词汇是房子的砖瓦，高级词汇和句型是房子的装修。
在这三者中语法是最基础的部分。
学生只有掌握了基本的语法才能灵活运用英语这种语言，只有能活用才会有能力的迁移。
以下是按学习内容的难点、重点、考点以及学生的易错点分别做的英语语法系列归纳。
其特点是：开门见山直击考点。
几乎涵盖了所有的重要考点，这样学生觉得学有所用，最终形成前后穿插、纵横交错、点面结合的立体知识结构图。
一、with的复合结构本结构在试卷上出现的频率非常高，学好这个结构我们能准确地进行答题、能更好地欣赏句子，同时也能让我们的书面表达出彩。
with复合结构常有以下结构：1. with + 宾语 + doingWith so many people municating in English now, I find it very necessary to master it.现在有那么多的人用英语交流，我发现掌握英语很有必要。
2. with + 宾语 + doneWith my room cleaned, I went to bed.房间打扫了我就上床睡觉了。
3. with + 宾语 + to doThis is my first book, with the second to e out next year.这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。
4. with + 宾语 + to be doneThis is my first book, with the second to be published next year.这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。
5. with + 宾语 + adj.a. They left the office in a hurry, with the door open.他们匆忙离开了办公室，门都开着。
b. He always sleeps with the windows halfopen .他总是把窗户半开着睡觉。
6. with + 宾语 + adv.With all the lights on, the city looks more beautiful.在所有灯光的照耀下，这座城市显得更漂亮。
7. with + 宾语 + prep.-phraseHe came in, with a basket on his back.他进来了，背上背着一个篮子。
解析：从上面的结构看1) 首先要区分开在什么情况下用分词，什么情况下用不定式：如果表示do动作已发生或者是经常性的就要用分词；如果do动作还没有发生就要用动词不定式。
逻辑上的主谓关系用doing/to do,逻辑上的动宾关系用done/to be done.a. With the boy leading (the way), we found her house very easily.有那男孩带路，我们很容易找到了她的家。
b. With the teacher helping me, I made much progress.有老师帮我，我取得了很大的进步。
c. With the teacher to help me, I am sure I will also make progress.有老师帮我，我相信我也能取得进步。
d . With his work finished, he spent his weekend playing football with his friends.活干完了，他周末就和朋友一起踢足球。
e. With many problems settled, the manager went out for a tour.许多问题解决了，经理出去玩了一趟。
2) 注意下面句子的区别a. With many problems to be settled, the manager took more care of his employees.有许多问题要解决，经理更关心他的职工。
b. With many problems to settle, the manager even couldn’t afford time to have dinner sometimes.有许多问题要解决，经理有时甚至都抽不出时间吃饭。
c. The teacher said to the students:“With too many language points to be remembered, I am alittle worried every day.”老师对学生说：“有太多的语言点要记，我每天都有点担心”d. The students said to the teacher:“With too many language points to remember, we are a littleworried every day.”同学们对老师说：“有太多的语言点要记，我们每天都有点担心”e. With two more letters to write, he has to stop watching TV.还有两封信要写，他不得不停止看电视。
f. With five windows to be cleaned, the teacher dismissed his class ahead of time for studentsto do general cleaning.有五个窗户要擦，老师提前下课了让同学们大扫除。
从上述例句可以看出：主语直接参与do动作用主动式to do,主语不参与do动作就用被动式to be done.3）with + 宾语 + 介词短语的用法例如：老师手里拿着书走进教室。
→a. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.b. The teacher came in, with a book in his hands.c. The teacher came in, with books in his hand.d. The teacher came in, with books in his hands.在这种结构中，宾语位置上的名词和介词短语中的名词均不能单独出现。
（如句中宾语位置上的名词book 和介词短语中的名词hand）.如果去掉前面的介词with就成了独立主格结构：a. The teacher came in, a book in his hand.b. The teacher came in, a book in his hands.c. The teacher came in, books in his hand.d. The teacher came in, books in his hands.e. The teacher came in, book in hand.在这种独立主格结构中，要么两个名词均不单独出现，要么两个名词都单独出现，当名词是单数的时候，后者（如：e例句）是人们最常用的。
如：a. The teacher went out, book under arm.老师夹着书出去了。
b. The soldier stood there, gun in hand.那个士兵站在那里，拿着一杆枪。
c. He stood still, basket on back.他一动不动地站着，背上背着篮子.d. The actor performed carefully, bowl on head.演员认真地表演，头上顶着碗。
with + 宾语+ 介词短语这种结构在上述例句中都是作状语，这时可以去掉with换成独立主格。
但是如果在句中作定语就不能用独立主格结构。
a. Finally we came to a river with flowers on both sides.最后我们来到了两岸长着花的一条河边，。
b. I know the girl with a smile on her face.我认识脸上带着微笑的那个女孩。
c. The playground with trees on every side is very big.四周都是树的那个操场很大。
活学套用：1.（xx年湖北卷）71. With ________, some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut)由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
2.（xx年湖北卷）74.________(把钥匙握在手上)，he looked for them everywhere.(hold)3.___e on , please give some ideas about the project.___Sorry,with so much work ____my mind ,I almost break down.(xx福建高考）A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD. being filled答案： B解析：从对话来看，讲的是目前的事，所以首先就确定要用分词而不是动词不定式，C就不可能选。
再看so much work 和fill 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词filling ，D是动宾关系，所以答案只能是B.4.John received an invitation to dinner ,and with his work _______, he gradually accepted it.(xx安徽高考）A.finishedB. FinishingC. Having finishedD. was finished5.With too many construction projects_______all the strength out of the economy ,people of the small country plained a lot.(xx南京质检一）A.suckingB. to suckC. being suckedD. being sucking6.The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience ______on benches,chairs or boxes.A.Having seatedB. seatingC. seatedD. being seated7.She told me that she had finished three rooms with the others _____the next day.A.paintingB. to paintC. paintedD. to be painted8.The teacher came in , with _____________.A.with a book in handB. book in handC. book in his handD. a book in his hand9.With so many people ____________in English every day ,English is widely used. A. municating B. to municateC. municatedD. municate10.The thief was brought in ,with his hands ______.A. tieB.tiedC. tyingD. to be tied。