2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题
2019翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试模拟试题
2019翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试模拟试题英译汉Orphanages Stunt Mental Growth 1By BENEDICT CAREYPsychologists have long believed that growing up in an institution like an orphanage stunts children's mental development but have never had direct evidence to back it up. Now they do, from an extraordinary years-long experiment in Romania that compared the effects of foster care with thoseof institutional child-rearing.The study found that toddlers placed in foster families developed significantly higher I. Q.'s by age 4, on average, than peers who spent those years in an orphanage. The difference was large - eight points 2- and the study foundthat the earlier children joined a foster family, the better they did. Children who moved from institutional care to families after age 2 made few gains on average, though the experience varied from child to child. 3 Both groups, however, had significantly lower I. Q.'s than a comparison group of children raised by their biological families.Some developmental psychologists had sharply criticized the study and its sponsor for researching a question whose answer seemed obvious. But previous attempts to compare institutional and foster care suffered from serious flaws, mainly because no one knew whether children who landed in orphanages were different in unknown ways from those infoster care.Experts said the new study should put to rest any doubts about the harmful effects of Institutionalization 4_ and might help speed up adoptions from countries that still allow them. 5 " Most of us take it as almost intuitive that beingin a family is better for humans than being in an orphanage," said a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, who was not involved in the research. "But other governments don't like to be told how to handle policy issues based on intuition." "What makes this study important," he went on, "is that it gives objective data to say that if you're going to allow international adoptions, then it's a good idea to speed things up and get kids into families quickly. 6 In recent years many countries, including Romania, have banned or sharply restricted American families from adopting local children. In other countries, adoption procedures can drag on for many months. In 2006, Americans adopted 20,679 children from abroad, more than half of them from China, Guatemala and Russia.The researchers approached Romanian officials in thelate 1990s about conducting the study.The country had been working to improve conditions atits orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children. After gaining clearance from the government, the researchers began to track 136 children who had been abandoned at birth.They administered developmental tests to the children, and then randomly assigned them to continue at one of Bucharest's six large orphanages, or join an adoptive family.The foster families were carefully screened and provided "very high-quality care".On I. Q. tests taken at 54, months, the foster children scored an average of 81, compared to 73 among the children who continued in an institution 8.The children who moved into foster care at the youngest ages tended to show the most improvement, the researchers found. The comparison group of youngsters who grew up in their biological families had an average I. Q. of 109 at the same age. "Institutions and environments vary enormously across the world and within countries," "but I think these findings generalize to many situations, from kids in institutions to those in abusive households and even bad foster care arrangements." In setting up the study, the researchers directly addressed the ethical issue of assign/ng children to institutional care, which was suspected to be harmful. "If a government is to consider alternatives to institutional care for abandoned children, it must know how the alternative compares to the standard careit provides." they wrote.Any number of factors common to institutions could work to delay or blunt intellectual development, experts say： the regimentation, the indifference to individual differences in children's habits and needs; and most of all, the limited access to caregivers, who in some institutions can be responsible for more than 20 children at a time. The evidence seems to say that for humans, kids need a lot of responsive care giving, an adult who recognizes their distinct cry, knows when they're hungry or in pain, and gives them the opportunity to crawl around and handle different things, safely, when they're ready.词汇1.foster care家庭领养2.institutional child-rearing机构收养3.orphanage孤儿院parison group对比组5.biological families亲生父母6.developmental psychologists发展心理学家7.adoption procedures领养手续8.Guatemala危地马拉9.screen筛选10.ethical issue伦理问题11.abandoned children弃童12.blunt使缓慢13.responsive care giving即时的关爱14.distinct cry独特的需求注释1.标题宜简洁。
全国外语翻译证书考试英语一级笔译样题
全国外语翻译证书考试英语一级笔译样题第一部分：英译汉Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1You Really Are What You EatEarly in human history, food launched the revolution which introduced social inequality. At first it was a matter of unequal entitlements: some of the earliest known human burials reveal disparities in nourishment. Great heroes of antiquity were heroic eaters, as renowned for their prowess at table as in battle.The next revolution went to the heart of what, to me, global history is all about: long-range exchanges of culture, which happened as the reach of commerce lengthened. Taste is not easily communicable between cultures, yet today we eat high cuisines which call themselves fusion and international.How did it happen? Forces capable of penetrating cultural barriersand internationalising food include war, hunger and imperialism. Cultural magnetism is powerful, too. But no influence equals that of trade, which hovers like a waiter at the table of world food, carrying surprising dishes to unsuspecting diners. Trade in necessarily well travelled productssalt and spiceslong conditioned global politics and determined economic trends. A great leap in the range of world trade in the past 500 years precipitated the next great revolution: an ecological turnaround which made it possible to transplant crops and transfer livestock to new climates.In the past two centuries, world population growth and urbanisation have driven a last revolution, creating a food deficit which only industrialisation could bridge: intensive production, mechanised processing and supply. Even eating was industrialised as mealtimes shifted and food became faster. The results included cheap food in the developing world which went rapidly from sufficiency to obesity. But in parallel, unindustrialised economies experienced the deadliest famines ever known.In partial response, as population figures leapt upwards, late 20th century agronomy forced the pace of production with high-yield grains, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation. It fed millions who might otherwise have starved. But new solutions usually create new problems: in this case, ecological damage. It is not yet clear whether we have themeans to escape from the worlds food problems, or merely the means of multiplying crisis. The next revolution will probably be a revulsion in favour of traditional agriculture, facilitated by a fall in world population.Passage 2In Defence of GlobalizationTo keep my economist union card, I am required every morning when I arise to place my hand on the leather-bound family heirloom copy of Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations and swear a mighty oath of allegiance to globalization. I hereby do asseverate my solemn belief that globalization, taken as a whole, is a positive economic force and well worth defending. I also believe that the economic and social effects of globalization are exaggerated by both its detractors andsupporters.In media coverage of anti-globalization protests, globalization often becomes a catch-all term for capitalism and injustice. (Indeed, for some protestors, referring to capitalism and injustice would be redundant.) But economic globalization in fact describes a specific phenomenon: the growth in flows of trade and financial capital across national borders. The trend has consequences in many areas, including sovereignty, prosperity, jobs, wages, and social legislation. Globalization is too important to be consigned to buzzword status.The degree to which national economies are integrated is not at allobvious. It depends on your choice of perspective. During the last few decades, international flows of goods and financial capital have certainly increased dramatically. One snap measure of globalization is the share of economic production destined for sale in other countries.The global tide of economic growth over the last century has not raised all economic ships. But globalization is an avenue through which high-income nations can reach out to low-income ones. Expecting the poorest people in the world to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, without access to foreign investment, training, technical skills, or markets, verges on indifference or cruelty. Foreign aid has its place, but as a matter of practical politics, it will never arrive in sufficient quantities, nor be spent with sufficient wisdom, to raise overall standards of living dramatically in low-income countries. Only a combination of institutional reforms within low-income countries, coupled with much closer connections to the extraordinary resources and buying power of international markets, offers a realistic chance of substantially improving the plight of the poorest people in the world.Passage 3Debt for Nonproliferation:The Next Step in Threat ReductionDebt restructuring and reduction, whereby the terms of a loan are changed or part of a loan is forgiven, are common tools used by creditorsfor a variety of purposes. Wealthier creditor nations, such as the United States, often restructure and reduce debt owed by developing nations in order to bring about positive economic change in a debtor country. Similarly, the private financial sector restructures private debt owed by nations when it makes financial sense to do so. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and others have also worked with government and private creditors to use debt reduction to accomplish more philanthropic goals that can benefit both public and private creditors in less tangible ways.Indeed, debt swapsa term used loosely here to denote a creditor forgiving monetary debt in exchange for specific actions by a debtorhave been an effective tool for improving global conditions in a number of ways. The international environmental community, in particular, has been very effective in encouraging and leveraging debt conversion to help meet global environmental objectives since 1984, when the World Wildlife Fund conceived of debt-for-nature swaps. In these exchanges, a portion of a countrys restructured debteither commercial debt or official debt owed another countryis forgiven in return for the debtor dedicating an agreed-upon amount of local currency to an environmental project. Over the last two decades, nearly $1 billion in debt-for-swaps have been implemented.Another important area that would benefit from this relatively newand innovative funding mechanism is nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation prevention. Since 1992, the United States has directly underwritten about $10 billion in threat reduction activities in Russia and the former Soviet Union, but the situation demands even greater investment. Russias financial problems and security needs, which demand the formation of a sustainable Russian infrastructure to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction after direct U.S. assistance stops, both argue for increased involvement by other industrialized nations and the private sector. Debt-for-nonproliferation swaps are potentially powerful tools that could leverage current conditions to reduce further the security threat from Russias weapons infrastructure.第二部分：汉译英Part 2Translation from Chinese into English 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into English.Write your answers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1在中国发展高层论坛开幕式上的致辞节选中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展也离不开中国。
2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试一级笔译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)
2019年6月CATTI全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语一级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: translationPart 1 English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(40points)There was a time when people used to love reading books and they used to read books only for their own pleasure. The traditional pleasures of reading are more complex than just enjoyment. They involve patience, solitude, contemplation. And therefore the books that are most at risk from our attention are these that require a bit of effort. In order for this to work, however, we need a certain type of silence, an ability to filter out the noise. Such a state is increasingly elusive in our over-networked culture, in which every rumour and mundanity is blogged and tweeted. Today, it seems it is not contemplation we seek but an odd sort of distraction masquerading as being in the know. Why? Because of the illusion that illumination is based on speed, that it is more important to react than to think, that we live in a culture in which something is attached to every bit of time.In one sense, this is just the latest twist in a story that has been growing for nearly a century. It seems that each new media invention —movies, radio, television, VCRs and DVD players, and the Internet-inevitably affects the way people read and reduces the time they devote to it. These days, after spending hours reading e-mails and fielding phone calls in the office, tracking stories across countless websites, I find it difficult to quiet down. Besides, most people read to be informed and instructed -where to take a vacation, how to cook, how to invest their money. Less frequently, the reasons may be escapist or to be entertained, to forgo the boredom or anxiety of their daily lives.A mode of thinking is being lost,” laments Neil Postman, whose book “Amusing Ourselves to Dea th,” is a warning about the consequences of a falloff in reading. American politics, religion, news, athletics, education, and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business. Ironically, but not coincidentally, reading has begun fading from our culture at the very moment that its importance to that culture is finally being established. Its decline, many theorists believe, is as profound as, say, the fall of communism, and some have taken to prophesying that the downturn in reading could result in the modern world's cultural and political decline. Optimists, however, suggest that the widespread notion that reading is in decline is an oversimplification, citing statistics showing books, the oldest form of print, seem to be doing reasonably well and publishers, in fact, arechurning out more and more books.Ah，but are those books actually being read? Not, in many cases, from cover to cover. In a society where professional success now requires acquaintance with masses of esoteric information, books are often purchased to be consulted, not read. About 15% of the new titles in "Books in Print" are scientific or technical books. Fiction and general-interest nonfiction works would seem to be designed to be read, but lately these books also serve other functions. Their authors often employ them as routes to movie contracts or to tenure or to the intellectual renown. Their publishers increasingly see these books not as collections of ideas and information but as products that must be publicized and marketed so the profits of the large conglomerates they now work for may rise. Reading still plays and, for the foreseeable future, will continue to play, a crucial role in our society. Nevertheless, there is no getting around the fact that reading's role has diminished and likely will continue to shrink.Part 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(40points)“老夫久居大都市，刚刚和家人去乡下盘桓三日，白天在田间徜徉，夜里听虫鸣蛙声入眠。
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题1.他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。
(to rub shoulders with )He loves gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchanges opinions on various subjects.2.几分钟以后，大家才领悟他话中的含意。
(sink in )It was after a few minutes that his words sank in.3.土壤散发着青草味的气息。
(to smell of )The soil smells of fresh grass.4.我可以占用你几分钟时间吗?(to spare)Could you spare me a few minutes?5.你能匀出一张票子给我吗?( to spare )Could you spare me a ticket?6.那个上了年纪的灰头发的人是铜匠。
( by trade)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.7. Dulley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat."达德利·费尔德·马隆把对我的判决说成是“虽败犹荣”。
8. The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dulley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices in the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.由克拉伦斯·达罗和达德利·费尔德·马隆在代顿小镇的小法庭上掀起的那场辩论风暴宛如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是随着时光流逝而日益增多的知识和学术自由的新风貌。
catti一级笔译考试真题及答案
catti一级笔译考试真题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1. 在翻译中，以下哪种技巧是不必要的？A. 直译B. 意译C. 逐字翻译D. 省略翻译答案：C2. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的隐喻？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为明喻C. 转换为直接陈述D. 保留原文隐喻答案：B3. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用原文术语B. 查找对应术语的翻译C. 创造新术语D. 忽略不译答案：B4. 翻译中，如何处理文化差异？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言文化中的等效表达C. 添加注释解释D. 忽略文化差异答案：B5. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的双关语？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为单关语C. 保留双关语D. 忽略双关语答案：C6. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的修辞手法？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言中的等效修辞C. 忽略修辞手法D. 创造新的修辞手法答案：B7. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的俚语？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为正式语言C. 查找对应俚语的翻译D. 忽略不译答案：C8. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的诗歌？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为散文C. 保留诗歌形式D. 忽略不译答案：C9. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的方言？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言的标准方言C. 查找对应方言的翻译D. 忽略不译答案：C10. 翻译中，如何处理原文中的幽默元素？A. 直接翻译B. 转换为目标语言中的等效幽默C. 忽略幽默元素D. 创造新的幽默元素答案：B二、阅读理解题（每题3分，共5题）请阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
段落：随着全球化的不断推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
翻译作为连接不同文化和语言的桥梁，扮演着至关重要的角色。
优秀的翻译不仅要准确传达原文的意思，还要考虑到目标语言的文化背景和读者的阅读习惯。
因此，翻译者需要具备深厚的语言功底和丰富的文化知识。
11. 翻译在全球化中扮演什么角色？答案：翻译作为连接不同文化和语言的桥梁，扮演着至关重要的角色。
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试题及答案
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试题及答案Orphanages Stunt Mental Growth 1By BENEDICT CAREYPsychologists have long believed that growing up in an institution like an orphanage stunts children's mental development but have never had direct evidence to back it up. Now they do, from an extraordinary years-long experiment in Romania that compared the effects of foster care with those of institutional child-rearing.The study found that toddlers placed in foster families developed significantly higher I. Q.'s by age 4, on average, than peers who spent those years in an orphanage. The difference was large - eight points 2- and the study found that the earlier children joined a foster family, the better they did. Children who moved from institutional care to families after age 2 made few gains on average, though the experience varied from child to child. 3 Both groups, however, had significantly lower I. Q.'s than a comparison group of children raised by their biological families.Some developmental psychologists had sharply criticized the study and its sponsor for researching a question whose answer seemed obvious. But previous attempts to compare institutional and foster care suffered from serious flaws, mainly because no one knew whether children who landed in orphanages were different in unknown ways from those in foster care.Experts said the new study should put to rest any doubts about the harmful effects of Institutionalization 4_ and might help speed up adoptions from countries that still allow them. 5 " Most of us take it as almost intuitive that being in a family is better for humans than being in an orphanage," said a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, who was not involved in the research. "But other governments don't like to be told how to handle policy issues based on intuition." "What makes this study important," he went on, "is that it gives objective data to say that if you're going to allow international adoptions, then it's a good idea to speed things up and get kids into families quickly. 6 In recent years many countries, including Romania, have banned or sharply restricted American families from adopting local children. In other countries, adoption procedures can drag on for many months. In 2006, Americans adopted 20,679 children from abroad, more than half of them from China, Guatemala and Russia.The researchers approached Romanian officials in the late 1990s about conducting the study.The country had been working to improve conditions at its orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children. After gaining clearance from the government, the researchers began to track 136 children who had been abandoned at birth.They administered developmental tests to the children, and then randomly assigned them to continue at one of Bucharest's six large orphanages, or join an adoptive family. The foster families were carefully screened and provided "very high-quality care".On I. Q. tests taken at 54, months, the foster children scored an average of 81, compared to 73 among the children who continued in an institution 8.The children who moved into foster care at the youngest ages tended to show the most improvement, the researchers found. The comparison group of youngsters who grew up in their biological families had an average I. Q. of 109 at the same age. "Institutions and environments vary enormously across the world and within countries," "but I think these findings generalize to many situations, from kids in institutions to those in abusive households and even bad foster care arrangements." In setting up the study, the researchers directly addressed the ethical issue of assign/ng children to institutional care, which was suspected to be harmful. "If a government is to consider alternatives to institutional care for abandoned children, it must know how the alternative compares to the standard care it provides." they wrote.Any number of factors common to institutions could work to delay or blunt intellectual development, experts say: the regimentation, the indifference to individual differences in children's habits and needs; andmost of all, the limited access to caregivers, who in some institutions can be responsible for more than 20 children at a time. The evidence seems to say that for humans, kids need a lot of responsive care giving, an adult who recognizes their distinct cry, knows when they're hungry or in pain, and gives them the opportunity to crawl around and handle different things, safely, when they're ready.词汇1.foster care家庭领养2.institutional child-rearing机构收养3.orphanage孤儿院parison group对比组5.biological families亲生父母6.developmental psychologists发展心理学家7.adoption procedures领养手续8.Guatemala危地马拉9.screen筛选10.ethical issue伦理问题11.abandoned children弃童12.blunt使缓慢13.responsive care giving及时的关爱14.distinct cry独特的需求注释1.标题宜简洁。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试一级笔译实务试题
Section 1 TranslationPart 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (30 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Travels of Marco Polo was conceived in a prison cell in Genoa, Italy, in 1298.A few years earlier Polo had returned to the West after an epic journey that lasted some 24 years. He then saw action in a naval battle between the Venetian and Genoese fleets, and was captured. It was in jail that he met and befriended Rustichello of Pisa, a well-known writer and collector of Arthurian romances. Their collaboration yielded a book that would give Europe its first authoritative account of the Middle and Far East, in particular China, and reveal the presence of a vast empire and advanced civilization far greater than anything Europeans could achieve or even imagine.More than 100 copies of that long-lost original exist, many dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. There is no definitive manuscript, however, and all existing versions have been embellished, doctored or censored by the Christian establishment over the years. Modern editions are thus collations and translations of imperfect copies. This murky history helps explain why the book describes what the Venetian could not possibly have seen, and overlooks sights that any traveler to China must have witnessed —like the Great Wall, foot-binding and chopsticks. Skeptics say that Polo never ventured to China and that he and Rustichello used second-hand information from other travelers, especially Arab traders. Certainly, there is no hard historical evidence that Polo actually visited all the places he describes. But most of the detail has since been corroborated by historians and geographers, confounding critics and confirming the importance of the book as the fullest and most accurate account of Asia in its time.Originally called Descripti on of the World, Travels aims for geographical completeness, not the immediacy and excitement of personal encounter. It’s not a travelogue. Consistent with the possibility that Polo was not an eyewitness, his book is not “on-the-spot” reporting, and only loosely follows an itinerary. To modern audiences, the book may seem dull and repetitive, to be dipped into, not read cover to cover. Yet Travels was a revolutionary piece of writing. It radically altered European understanding of Asia by forcing the West to recognize a superior culture in the East, and, by describing with such verve the luxuries and sensuousness of Chinese cities, it impressed the idea of an exotic East on the European psyche.The Venetian literally changed the Western view of the world. European maps in his time were based on Biblical interpretations and classical mythology. Jerusalem was at the center. Then came Polo’s book, describing great civilizations in the East, and a world not centered on Jerusalem, politically or geographically. This recasting of the world into a more dynamic and multi-centered geographical space was the first step toward what we now call globalization.Travels is a book of liberal and enlightened humanism. No one can fail to appreciate its celebration of the heterogeneity of nature, geography and, above all, people. His work expresses wonder and joy in what is unfamiliar. Races are differentiated but not denigrated, and the customs of different cultures are met with enthusiastic curiosity, not the conformism and prejudice prevalent in Europe at the time. Travels had a moral for medieval Europe: let diversity and tolerance replace division and xenophobia — a moral no less relevant today than in Marco Polo’s time.Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(30 points)Translate the following passage into English.建立和完善刑事缺席审判制度是惩治和预防腐败犯罪的需要。
2019年英语翻译资格考试笔译初级试题(4)
2019年英语翻译资格考试笔译初级试题（4）1.Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
2.It will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.A.这会使你坚定地理解到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
B.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
C.知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。
D.当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。
3.Alice rudely showed me the door.A.爱丽斯无礼地向我指了一下门的位置。
B.爱丽斯无礼地让我看了看她的门。
C.爱丽斯无礼地把我送到门口。
D.爱丽斯无礼地把我轰出了门。
4.There's the bell; someone is at the door.A.那里有个铃;门口有个人。
B.那里有个铃;有人在叫门。
C.铃响了，有人在门口。
D.铃响了，有人叫门。
5.There is no one of us but wishes to go to the exhibition.A.我们每一个人都想去看展览。
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译提升练习题1
2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译提升练习题1 自2002年底起，由于需求拉动，中国“高投入、高能耗、高污染”的产业投资持续增加。
按照目前的工业结构，如果高技术产业增加值比重提高一个百分点，冶金、化工等高耗能行业比重相应下降一个百分点，万元GDP能耗可降低1.3个百分点。
有关专家预计，随着高能耗企业技术改造的加强，产业结构调整步伐的加快，未来几年中国节能降耗的成效将会更加明显。
但也有人指出,中国的工业化、城镇化进程加快将加大城市能源需求的压力。
未来五年中国城市人均住宅面积会增加将近30%，达到人均26平方米，农村人均住房面积增加大约20%，达到人均30平方米。
每百户城市家庭的空调数将达81台，增加1.6倍，百户家庭的汽车拥有量达3.4辆，增加5.7倍。
这些都会导致水泥、钢铁、玻璃等高耗能产品大幅度增长。
另外，按目前的能源消费需求，即使在政府关停和淘汰落后产能，加大高耗能企业节能工作的情况下，未来五年，煤炭的消费量仍将增加接近10亿吨。
这些都是对中国达到降低能耗20%的目标的极大挑战。
Since the end of 2002, driven by growing domestic demand, China kept increasing investment in industries featured highinput, high energy consumption and heavy pollution. Given the country’s current industrial structure, a 1.3-percentage-point drop of energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of the GDP can be realized provided that the proportion of added value of hi-tech industries grow by 1 percentage point and that of high energy-consuming sectors like metallurgical and chemical industries falls by 1 percentage point.Some experts predicted that China would see more distinct results in energy conservation with the strengthening of technological renovation of high energy-consuming enterprises and the quickened pace of industrial restructuring.However, some people warned that the acceleration of China’s industrialization and urbanization would further increase the pressure on energy supply in urban areas.Per-capita housing in China’s urban areas is expected to surge nearly 30 percent to 26 square meters in the next five years and that in rural areas will grow 20 percent to 30 square meters. Air-conditioners owned by every 100 urban households will increase 1.6 times to 81 sets and cars ownedby every 100 urban households will rise 6.7 times to 3.4 units. This will lead to a robust jump of high energy-consuming products, such as cement, steel, glass and others.Moreover, China’s coal consumption may approach to 1 billion tons during the next five years, according to China’s current demand for energy, even if the government closes down or eliminates backward productivity and intensifies energy saving of high energy-consuming enterprises. All posing a great challenge to China in its effort to meet the goal of cutting its energy consumption by 20 percent.。
一级英语笔译测试题及答案
⼀级英语笔译测试题及答案 初级笔译证书证明持有⼈能够就⼀般难度的材料进⾏英汉互译，能够胜任⼀般性⽂件或商务等⽅⾯材料的翻译⼯作。
下⾯是店铺分享的⼀级英语笔译测试题，希望能帮到⼤家! 英译汉 Return to print allays bookseller fears of digital apocalypse Five years ago, the book world was seized by collective panic over the uncertain future of print. As readers migrated to new digital devices, e-book sales soared, increasing 1,259 per cent between 2008 and 2010, alarming booksellers that watched consumers use their stores to find titles they would later buy online. Print sales dwindled, bookstores struggled to stay open, and publishers and authors feared that cheaper e-books would cannibalise their business. Then in 2011, the industry's fears were realised when Borders declared bankruptcy. "E-books were this rocket ship going straight up," said Len Vlahos, a former executive director of the Book Industry Study Group, a nonprofit research group that tracks the publishing industry. "Just about everybody you talked to thought we were going the way of digital music." But the digital apocalypse never arrived, or at least not on schedule. While analysts once predicted that e-books would overtake print by 2015, digital sales have instead slowed sharply. Now, there are signs that some e-book adopters are returning to print or becoming hybrid readers who toggle between devices and paper. E-book sales fell by 10 per cent in the first five months of this year, according to the Association of American Publishers, which collects data from nearly 1,200 publishers. Digital books accounted last year for around 20 per cent of the market, roughly the same as a few years ago. E-books' declining popularity may signal that publishing, while not immune to technological upheaval, will weather the tidal wave of digital technology better than other forms of media, like music and television. E-book subscription services, modelled on companies like Netflix and Pandora, have struggled to convert book lovers into digital binge readers, and some have shut down. Sales of dedicated e-reading devices have plunged as consumers migrated to tablets and smartphones. And according to some surveys, young readers who are digital natives still prefer reading on paper. The surprising resilience of print has provided a lift to many booksellers. Independent bookstores, which were battered by the recession and competition from Amazon, are showing strong signs of resurgence. The American Booksellers Association counted 1,712 members with stores in 2,227 locations in 2015, up from 1,410 members with 1,660 locations five years ago. "The fact that the digital side of the business has levelled off has worked to our advantage," said Oren Teicher, chief executive of the American Booksellers Association. "It's resulted in a far healthier independent bookstore market today than we have had in a long time." Publishers, seeking to capitalise on the shift, are pouring money into their print infrastructures and distribution. Hachette added 20,000 square metres to its Indiana warehouse late last year, and Simon & Schuster is expanding its New Jersey distribution facility by 18,000 square metres. Penguin Random House has invested nearly $US100 million in expanding and updating its warehouses and speeding up distribution of its books. It added 34,000 square metres last year to its warehouse in Crawfordsville, Indiana, more than doubling the size of the warehouse. "People talked about the demise of physical books as if it was only a matter of time, but even 50 to 100 years from now, print will be a big chunk of our business," said Markus Dohle, the chief executive of Penguin Random House, which has nearly 250 imprints globally. Print books account for more than 70 per cent of the company's sales in the United States. The company began offering independent booksellers in 2011 two-day guaranteed delivery from November to January, the peak book buying months. Other big publishers, including HarperCollins, have followed suit. The faster deliveries have allowed bookstores to place smaller initial orders and restock as needed, which has reduced returns of unsold books by about 10 per cent. Penguin Random House has also developed a data-driven approach to managing print inventory for some of its largest customers, a strategy modeled on the way manufacturers like Procter & Gamble automatically restock soap and other household goods. The company now tracks more than 10 million sales records a day and sifts through them in order to make recommendations for how many copies of a given title a vendor should order based on previous sales. "It's a very simple thing; only books that are on the shelves can be sold," Dohle said. At BookPeople, a bookstore founded in 1970 in Austin, Texas, sales are up nearly 11 per cent this year over last, making 2015 thestore's most profitable year ever, said Steve Bercu, the co-owner. He credits the growth of his business, in part, to the stabilisation of print and new practices in the publishing industry, such as Penguin Random House's so-called rapid replenishment program to restock books quickly. "The e-book terror has kind of subsided," he said. Other independent booksellers agree that they are witnessing a reverse migration to print. "We've seen people coming back," said Arsen Kashkashian, a book buyer at Boulder Book Store in Boulder, Colorado. "They were reading more on their Kindle and now they're not, or they're reading both ways." Digital books have been around for decades, ever since publishers began experimenting with CD-ROMs, but they did not catch on with consumers until 2008, shortly after Amazon released the Kindle. The Kindle, which was joined by other devices like Kobo's e-reader, the Nook from Barnes & Noble and the iPad, drew millions of book buyers to e-readers, which offered seamless, instant purchases. Publishers saw huge spikes in digital sales during and after the holidays, after people received e-readers as gifts. But those double- and triple-digit growth rates plummeted as e-reading devices fell out of fashion with consumers, replaced by smartphones and tablets. Some 12 million e-readers were sold last year, a steep drop from the nearly 20 million sold in 2011, according to Forrester Research. The portion of people who read books primarily on e-readers fell to 32 per cent in the first quarter of 2015, from 50 per cent in 2012, a Nielsen survey showed. Higher e-book prices may also be driving readers back to paper. As publishers renegotiated new terms with Amazon in the past year and demanded the ability to set their own e-book prices, many have started charging more. With little difference in price between a $US12.99 e-book and a paperback, some consumers may be opting for the print version. On Amazon, the paperback editions of some popular titles, like The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt and All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr, are several dollars cheaper than their digital counterparts. Paperback sales rose by 8.4 per cent in the first five months of this year, the Association of American Publishers reported. Some publishing executives say the world is changing too quickly to declare that the digital tide is waning. "Maybe it's just a pause here," said Carolyn Reidy, the president and chief executive of Simon & Schuster. "Will the next generation want to read books on their smartphones, and will we see another burst come?" 汉译英： 中信银⾏成⽴于1987年，是中国改⾰开放中最早成⽴的新兴商业银⾏之⼀，是中国最早参与国内外⾦融市场融资的.商业银⾏，并以屡创中国现代⾦融史上多个第⼀⽽蜚声海内外，为中国经济建设做出了积极的贡献。
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2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题
导读：本文2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
1.他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。
(to rub shoulders with )
He loves gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchanges opinions on various subjects.
2.几分钟以后，大家才领悟他话中的含意。
(sink in )
It was after a few minutes that his words sank in.
3.土壤散发着青草味的气息。
(to smell of )
The soil smells of fresh grass.
4.我可以占用你几分钟时间吗?(to spare)
Could you spare me a few minutes?
5.你能匀出一张票子给我吗?( to spare )
Could you spare me a ticket?
6.那个上了年纪的灰头发的人是铜匠。
( by trade)
That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.
7. Dulley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat."
达德利·费尔德·马隆把对我的判决说成是“虽败犹荣”。
8. The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dulley
Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices in the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.
由克拉伦斯·达罗和达德利·费尔德·马隆在代顿小镇的小法庭上掀起的那场辩论风暴宛如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是随着时光流逝而日益增多的知识和学术自由的新风貌。