Metonymy资料PPT课件
metonymy联代,Synecdoche提代.ppt1
幻灯片 8 metonymy
以容器代内容 After her husband left her, Wendy took to the bottle. 温迪丈夫抛弃后开始酗酒。 The film star has a large wardrobe. 这位影星有许多衣服。
幻灯片 9 metonymy
The lack of cohesion of the company accounted for the brain drain. 公司缺乏凝聚力是导致人才外流的原因。 If there is any bad blood in the fellow, he will be sure to show it. 如果这人心理阴暗，他一定会表现出来。
幻灯片 23 Synecdoche 5. 用具体代替抽象
She has come to realize that life is not a bed of roses. ( a bed of rose 代替 luxurious life and satisfied situation) 她终于认识到了人生并非总是称心如意。 The gentleman in me made me stand up to go away, but the journalist in me made me stand still. gentleman --- gentleman behavior, journalist--- objectivity and impartiality
Metonymy资料精品PPT课件
他是莎学权威。（anthority指代具有权威的人）
eg. The work is a pleasure to me.
这项工作对我来说是个乐事。（pleasure指代一件乐事）
❾color---person(以颜色代与之有关的词）
所有镇民都去送葬了。(town代替镇民）
eg. the White House—the US government 白宫——指代美国政府
eg. the Pentagon—the USA military establishment 五角大楼——指代美国国防部
❸ instrument---user(以工具代工具使用者）
Metonymy
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Content
❖ The definition of Metonymy ❖ The types of Metonymy ❖ The differences of Metonymy in English and
Chinese ❖Synecdoche and Antonomasia ❖借代与借喻 ❖The function of Metonymy
这位明星有很多衣服。（ wardrobe指代衣柜里的服装）
eg. He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。（cups指代杯中的酒）
❷ place---people,institution,organization( 以处 所代人,机构，组织）
eg. The whole town attended the funeral.
❻organ---its funtion(以器官代替作用）
eg. He has a rough tongue.
Metonymy
Metonymy: 转喻的定义与用法用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
转喻通常用下列几种方式指代。
（1）根据人名或商品品牌名：Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)——Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)——the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人)He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品（Shakespeare’s works 用作者指代作品）He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses.他为了玉邻里攀比而负债（Joneses ：neighbors 用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”）We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。
（Ford ：a car whose make is Ford 用品牌名指代实物）（2）根据实物名称Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了有钱人。
（a rich man用“钱”指代“有钱人”）I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在飞机场附近，日夜可听到过往的飞机声。
（the noise made by passing planes用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”）（3）根据动植物名称The big apple(大苹果)——New York city(纽约市)Russian bear(俄国熊)——Russians or the Russian government(俄国/俄国政府)British lion(英国狮)——England or the English government(英国/英国政府) The flower of the nation was sent off to war.该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。
英语修辞转喻and提喻PPT课件
Metonymy(转喻）
( 9 ) 以抽象事物代替具体事物
In the present instance, it was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. ( Jane Austen )
It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country.
hits the bottle.
每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，
他就喝得酩酊大醉。
.
13
Metonymy(转喻）
( 8 ) 以具体事物代替抽象事物
He lives by the pen. He is too fond of the bottle I found the patriot in him. Don’t act／play the fool. Play the man!
转喻法 (Metonymy)
提喻法 (Synecdoche)
1102 Group
4.
1
Contents
1
Introduction
2
Definition
3
Metonymy
4
Synecdoche
5
Comparison
.
2
Introduction
• Literal Language • Figurative Language (Trope修辞，比喻)
• 转喻是在提及事物时不用其本身的名字称 呼而是用与它密切相连的概念来替代它的 一种 英语修辞格。
• 它着重的是事物本身的特点或它与其他事 物之间的特殊关系
用法
metonymy 提喻
Metonymy 提喻什么是提喻？提喻（metonymy）是一种修辞手法，通过用一个相关的词或短语来替代另一个词或短语，以传达特定的含义或意义。
在提喻中，用于替代的词与原词之间存在某种联系或关联，这种联系可以是因果关系、空间关系、时间关系等。
提喻的分类根据替代的方式和关联性质，提喻可以分为以下几类：1.因果关系提喻：用原因来替代结果，或用结果来替代原因。
例如，“饥荒”一词中，“荒”表示作物无法生长，但通过这个词我们可以推断出造成这种情况的原因是“饥”，即人们没有足够的食物供应。
2.空间关系提喻：用一个地点或位置来表示与之相关联的事物。
例如，“白宫”一词常被用来指代美国政府，因为白宫是美国总统居住和办公的地方。
3.时间关系提喻：用一个时间点或时期来表示与之相关联的事物。
例如，“文艺复兴”一词指代了15世纪至17世纪欧洲的艺术和文化运动，这个词源于意大利文艺复兴时期的兴起。
4.属性关系提喻：用一个具有共同属性或特征的事物来表示与之相关联的事物。
例如，“皇冠”一词常被用来指代王权和统治者，因为皇冠是君主戴在头上的象征。
提喻的应用提喻广泛应用于文学、修辞、广告和日常交流中，以增强表达效果、引起共鸣或激发想象力。
以下是一些提喻在不同领域中的应用示例：文学•小说中经常使用提喻来描绘人物形象。
例如，“他是个夜猫子”这句话通过将人与猫相联系，暗示这个人活跃于夜间。
•诗歌中常使用提喻来表达情感和意象。
例如，“你是我生命的阳光”这句话通过将人与阳光联系在一起，表达了对某人深深的爱意。
广告•广告中使用提喻可以使产品或服务更加吸引人。
例如，“这款手机是你生活的助手”通过将手机与助手相联系，暗示它可以帮助人们更好地应对生活中的需求。
•广告中使用提喻还可以创造品牌形象和标识。
例如，苹果公司的标志是一个咬过一口的苹果，这个标志暗示了苹果产品的新鲜和诱人。
日常交流•提喻在日常交流中用于比喻和打趣。
例如，“他是个小老鼠”这句话通过将人与老鼠联系在一起，暗示他行动敏捷或偷偷摸摸。
metonymy
6. trade mark or brand as a name for the products • He was driving a Ford (福特). • A Ford car
7. location as a name for the government, institutions or enterprises (企业) • Downing Street (唐宁街--英国首相官邸及若干政 府主要部门的所在地) • The British government / cabinet • Buckingham Palace (英国)白金汉宫 • 英国王室，英国王宫 British Royal family
• Democracy favors the vote rather than the bullet. • Vote -- election, bullet -- military solutions • The grey hair should be respected. • The grey hair --- The old / aged • He is too fond of the bottles. • the bottle -- wine /alcohol
• The world is watching closely what the White House will do next . • The White House -- American government
• “Political power grows out of the barrel (桶) of a gun.” Mao Zedong • the military revolution/ force • The pen is mightier (强大的，有力的) than the sword (剑). • (pen -- writer; sword -- fighter)
高级英语修辞手法Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or
phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻，转喻一种一个词或词组被另一个与 之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法， 如用 华盛顿代替 美政府或用 剑代替 军事 力量
The thing spoken of and the thing meant are alike
in some aspects. It is founded upon relation. The two things may be unlike, but the relation between them is such that the mention of one suggests the other. The container for the thing contained. Eg. The mother took good care of her cradle. He reads Shakespear. Many people love rosy cheeks.
以局部代整体，以整体代局部，以种类带分类， 以材料代替制品，以个体代替一类。 tools, containers, producers, characteristics, concrete thing for abstract thing, etc.
__Metonymy_借代
幻灯片1Chapter 6 Metonymy 借代幻灯片26.1 What is metonymy?meto|nymy: changing namesMetonymy: using Name B to replace Name A-- Name B and Name A are closely associated with (联想) each other.幻灯片3Why didn’t I think of it?-- Find out what they are associated with.Name BThe kettle is boiling.mother tongueWe can’t turn the clock back.to climb up the social ladderthe cradleName Awaterspoken languagetimemeans of promotionchildhood幻灯片46.2 Difference between metonymy and metaphorWhen the two phenomena resemble each other, metaphor is involved.When the two phenomena are related to each other, metonymy is concerned. Metaphor works by similarity.Metonymy works by contiguity.幻灯片56.3 The classifications of metonymy幻灯片66.3.1 By using some tools, equipment, or instrumentsEric Liu has spent most of his lifeclimbing up the social ladder without looking back.-- to improve one’s social statusOne of America’s most cherished values is giving its people the ability to move upeconomic ladder over their lifetimes.-- to be better-off / richersocial laddereconomic laddercareer ladder幻灯片7ropes, reins & chairHe learned the political ropes in the New York legislature.-- the political experienceHe was handed the reins to the KFC and Pizza Hut units in 1996. -- the means of control or guidanceNow submit your question to the Chair.-- chairpersonto know the ropesreinschair-- to know the ropes: to learn how to do a particular work幻灯片86.3.2 By using part of the body:-- the act of watching-- the ability to appreciate music-- a liking for things that are sweet-- talented people-- emotion, reasoning abilityWithout a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control.I have no ear for music.Add more honey if you have a sweet tooth.Google hoped some really big brains would tackle the problems. Her heart ruled her head.幻灯片96.3.3 By using containers to refer to what is containedThe kettle is boiling.Baked apples are his favorite dish.This hotel is well known for its excellent table.Poor John’s on the bottle again!-- water-- food-- food-- wine, alcoholic drink幻灯片106.3.4 By using names of persons:Ten years ago, Colonel Sanders was losing the global fast-food war to the Golden Arches.They’re ready to defend themselves against Uncle Sam’s imperialist policies. “Let’s Give Our Kids Bach Before Britney”Yesterday a Rembrandt was stolen.KFCThe United States / its governmentclassical music, pop musicA painting by Rembrandt幻灯片116.3.5 To refer to some professionsbarbenchHe decided to enter the bar after college. (become a lawyer)The Senate finally approved his appointment to the bench of the federal Supreme Court. 参议院最后批准任命他担任联邦最高法院法官。
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Content
❖ The definition of Metonymy ❖ The types of Metonymy ❖ The differences of Metonymy in English and
Chinese ❖Synecdoche and Antonomasia ❖借代与借喻 ❖The function of Metonymy
eg. He was an authority on Shakespeare.
他是莎学权威。（anthority指代具有权威的人）
eg. The work is a pleasure to me.
这项工作对我来说是个乐事。n(以颜色代与之有关的词）
所有镇民都去送葬了。(town代替镇民）
eg. the White House—the US government 白宫——指代美国政府
eg. the Pentagon—the USA military establishment 五角大楼——指代美国国防部
❸ instrument---user(以工具代工具使用者）
☠ 甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有不可分离的关系 ，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物的 ，叫借代。
Types
❶ container ---content(以容器代内容）
eg. The kettle is boiling.
壶开了。（kettle代替壶中的水）
eg. The film star has a large wardrobe.
We should know:
英语中的Metonymy≠汉语中的借代 英语中的Metonymy与汉语中的“借代” 十分相似，只是在分类上略有不同。 汉语中的借代分为“旁借”和“对代"两 大类。 旁借：也作旁代，即借本体所伴随或所附属 的事物代替本体。 对代：本体两个相应方面的互相替换。
汉语中的借代包括了英语的Metonymy, Synecdoche
❻organ---its funtion(以器官代替作用）
eg. He has a rough tongue.
他言语粗鲁。（tongue指代说话方式 能力）
eg. I've come to pick your brains.
我是来向你讨教专门知识的。（brain指代专门知识）
eg. She has the eye for the fair and the beautiful.
eg. Don't play the fool.
不要装疯卖傻。（fool指代傻里傻气的行为）
❽abstract---concrete / general---specific(以抽象代 具体/以泛指代特定）
eg. Death fell in showers.
死亡的子弹如雨般降落。（death指代子弹）
eg. He is the black sheep in the family.
他是他家的害群之马。（black sheep指代堕落的人）
eg. He has a yellow streak.
他有着怯懦的性格。（yellow streak指代怯懦的性格）
The differences of Metonymy in English and Chinese
❺person；thing---feature(以人或物代替特征）
eg. There is much of a schoolboy in him. 他身上还有许多小学生的气质。（schoolboy指代学生的 气质）
eg. The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. 凶残与贪婪交织在一起，浮现在他的脸上。(wolf指代凶 残；pig指代贪婪）
Definition
起源：Metonymy这一术语源自于希腊语，意为“th e change of name".
定义： ☠ the act of referring to sth by the name of sth else th
at is closely connected with it. ——Oxford Dictionary
eg. The pen is mightier than the sword.
笔比剑更有利。（pen指代文人；sword指代军人）
eg. He was raised to the bench. 他被任命为法官。（bench指代法官）
eg. He believed that the gun was not so much as the plough. 他认为与其去当兵不如去农场干活好（gun指代武装部队； plough指代农场）
❹striking feature---person;thing(以特征代替特征 所有者）
eg. The crown should not yield to the cross. 皇权不应屈服于教会。（crown指代国王；cross指代教堂）
eg. A bald slipped out through the back door. 一个秃子从后门溜了出去。（bald指代秃顶的人）
她有审美眼光。（eye指代眼光）
❼concrete---abstract / specific---general(以具体代 抽象/以特定代泛指）
eg. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, and sweat.
我没有什么可以奉献，只有热血，辛劳，和汗水。(blood指 代热血的气概；toil指代辛苦劳动；sweat指代辛勤努力）
这位明星有很多衣服。（ wardrobe指代衣柜里的服装）
eg. He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。（cups指代杯中的酒）
❷ place---people,institution,organization( 以处所 代人,机构，组织）
eg. The whole town attended the funeral.