2018年上海市中学高三英语下学期期末试题
2018届高三(下)期中试卷上海市2018届英语
上海市行知中学2018学年第二学期期中考试高三英语试卷（满分：140分考试时间：120分钟）第I 卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the kitchen. B. At home. C. In a fashion shop. D. In a net bar.2. A. 500 yen. B. 1500 yen. C. 2500 yen. D. 5000 yen.3. A. He will pay for the lunch. B. Sue likes Spanish food very much.C. He doesn’t like Spanish food at all.D. Both of them should treat Sue well at dinner.4. A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient.C. Teacher and student.D. Interviewer and interviewee.5. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.B. She has paid three months, rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to find such a satisfactory flat.D. She doesn’t like the idea of decorating an empty flat.6. A. Mike. B. Sandy. C. An unexpected friend. D. A handyman.7. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.8. A. The woman was fully absorbed in the music.B. The woman couldn’t understand the music very well.C. The woman lost her way to the conceit that evening.D. The concert was no better than what the woman imagined.9. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.C. Travel arrangements.D. Courage and safety.10. A. She is talkative. B. She is quiet. C. She is active. D. She is sociable.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passages. The conversations and passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11 through 13 are based on the following talk.11. A. 28 billion copies. B. 567 million copies.C. 1953 million copies.D. 2015 million copies.12. A. Interviewed the vice-president of the Commercial Press in China.B. Completed data investigation, collection and examination for the records.C. Compared the sales volumes of the Secret Garden and Harry Potter series.D. Delivered enough copies of Xinhua Dictionary to the presentation ceremony.13. A. It contains colorful cultures of many countries.B. It is the world’s most popular dictionary.C. It is a useful tool for learners of the Chinese language.D. It has influenced several generations of Chinese people.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Over a billion people do not have enough safe drinking water.B. Diseases and 6acteria in the water kill millions of people every day.C. People in developed countries take their clean drinking water for granted.D. Clean, bottled water is expensive to transport to poor rural villages.15. A. It is a plastic straw. B. It uses batteries or electricity.C. It can be used for one year.D. It’s portable and cheap.16. A. Appeal to the government to supply clean water for everyone.B. Provide easy access to clean water to destroy the bacteria.C. Offer the WaterTube free to people in developing countries.D. Sell the WaterTube to every person who needs one.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A little restaurant. B. A private organization.C. An ice cream shop.D. A snack bar.18. A. More flexible working time. B. Less conflicts with consumers.C. Closer relationship with customers.D. More freedom to make financial decisions.19. A. A program of the Small Business Administration.B. A grant from a private organization.C. Savings in his own bank account.D. Loans from the bank.20. A. He found owing his own business is rewarding.B. He didn’t recommend others to have their own business.C. He chose the location to compete with bigger businesses.D. He found managing a small business is high risky.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping --- _____21_____ you hand over notes and count out change in return --- now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is getting increasingly _____22_____ (abstract). And this is more and more true, the _____23_____ (high) up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores, Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance, you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads _____24_____ (take) your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old-fashioned, _____25_____ earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit weird that spending it _____26_____ happen in a blink of an eye? Doesn't a wallet --- that time-honored Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness --- represent something that matters?But I'll leave the economics to the experts. _____27_____ bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet --- the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets --- _____28_____ (become) the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble. _____29_____ __________ digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more _____30_____ (count) out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.According to an old Chinese saying, "If you live on a mountain, you live off the mountain". The people of Wuping county, Fujian province, are living __31__ of that.In the 1990s, whenever the locals needed money, they simply cut down trees and sold the wood. The excessive deforestation urged the local government to reform the collective forestry ownership system in 2001 and __32__ resources to individuals.The reforms were so successful that they were __33__ nationwide, and changes are continuing in the forestry sector.Having established a government-backed credit guarantee company, which __34__ in forestry evaluation, management and disposal, Wuping has set an example by helping residents to obtain bank loans using their forestry assets as guarantee, so they can start businesses related to the sector. So far, the move has been successful both in living standards for people in mountain villages and in __35__ woodland.In 1998, while he was __36__ to take on the role, Li Yongxing, when asked to become village head by the villagers and officials, was __37__ for the difficulties in protecting the collectively-owned forests. "All the large trees had been cut down, and the villagers often fought for trees to cut down," Li, 68, recalled.The situation in the county, which borders Guangdong province, was so bad and the people were so poor that in the 1990s more than 100 farmers driving tractors __38__ with lumber forced their way through a pass, and headed for Guangdong, where they could sell the wood at a high price.After several unsuccessful __39__ to fix the situation, he was considering quitting on hearing the news that the county government was __40__ a pilot project to assign forest resources to individuals in 2001. Li applied for the project to be carried out in Jiewen because he had been thinking about using the same approach to protect local woodland. Li's application was approved, but troubles lay ahead because at the time China's forests were either held collectively or owned by the State.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that __41__ around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic __42__ gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted.In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach __43__ the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities’ quiet after midnight. These 18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment. What is underlying this new movement in real estate, and why do these cities have so much __44__?18-hour cities unite the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which __45__ to downtown revitalization. For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were __46__ after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly made up of the working poor. This __47__ little commerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business andgenerating tax revenue for city maintenance difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, __48__, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities like San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities.__49__ downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment --- especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transportation --- makes them appeal to a richer population. These __50__ encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. Access to foot traffic and closeness to transportation allow the type of __51__ businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. Because of their smaller size, most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have some __52__ after midnight, __53__ large major cities like New York, where the buzz of activity is ongoing.Theses 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the __54__ core has offered stable employment for residents. The right urban __55__ has supported home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.41. A. moved B. delighted C. operated D. depressed42. A. divide B. cause C. feature D. time43. A. associating B. combining C. relating D. distinguishing44. A. advantage B. profit C. appeal D. stimulus45. A. contributes B. applies C. belongs D. determines46. A. promoted B. abandoned C. highlighted D. advocated47. A. attributed B. imposed C. generated D. approved48. A. therefore B. moreover C. otherwise D. however49. A. Dismissing B. Withdrawing C. Transforming D. Removing50. A. advantages B. discoveries C. alternatives D. adjustments51. A. commerce B. accommodation C. downtown D. recreation52. A. drinks B. peace C. fun D. gatherings53. A. as well as B. as opposed to C. in spite of D. in tune with54. A. urban B. business C. industrial D. suburban55. A. infrastructure B. population C. mix D. layoutSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)On my arrival in America, the one thing I notice more than anything else was the tremendous amount of advertising that went on-on the radio, on television, on billboards and signposts, and in magazines. In the past three years, I have become accustomed to this fast in American life, for I believe that it is a creative and necessary part of an industrial society. I, too, want to improve my life-style and to buy better products, so I look to advertising to show me how to do it.Deciding what to believe in advertising, however, is not easy. It seems to me that a person must purchase things with a lot of care. As a consumer, I want to get the best for my money, but I really have to understand the techniques of advertising. Otherwise, manufacturers will be able to sell me anything, no matter what its quality may be.More and more people are becoming conscious, like me, of the ways in which advertising can affect them. The creative aspects of commercials, for instance, often cover up defects or problem in products. I have learned this well, since I have made purchases and lost money because the items were of poor quality.The future of advertising most likely will involve a much greater degree of public participation. I intend to become involved in consumer groups that want to protect people from misleading advertising. In the future, if consumers like me really care about the quality, maybe advertisers will begin to care more about what they are trying to sell.56. According to passage, we know that the author______.A. left America three years agoB. arrived in America two years agoC. often goes to AmericaD. has always lived in America57. Advertisements in America cannot be found ______.A. on the radios and televisionB. on billboardsC. in magazinesD. in textbooks58. Misleading advertisements can_______.A. cover up product defectsB. improve people’s life-styleC. show the customers how to buy products of good qualityD. solve problems in products59. We learn from the passage that_______.A. the author wants to get the best for his money when buying thingsB. not understanding the techniques of advertising，customers will probably be cheated by the manufacturersC. in the future，advertising will most likely lead to the participation of more peopleD. all of the above(B)The world has always had to face water-based natural disasters, such as tsunami and hurricanes. In an interview, Water management Monthly talks to Dan Smith, who works in “disaster mitigation” for a government ministry.---“Dan, could you tell us what disaster mitigation mean s?”---“Disaster mitigation means attempting to minimize the impact of natural disasters both before and after they happen. My department and I work in two specific areas in order to try and do this: risk reduction and risk analysis. They are both equally crucial in disaster mitigation”---“W hat do you mean by risk reduction?”---“Risk reduction means many things. It is not just referring to big engineering projects like dams. Often, smallcommunity projects can be the most effective means of risk reduction. The main way floods can be prevented is by the construction and maintenance of earth wall defenses, or levees. These block the progress of rising water. However, even the best levees can’t protect against the destructive power of a tsunami. In this case, early warning systems are lifesavers. They can let people know as early as possibly if there is likely to be flooding”.---“W hat types of risk analysis do you do?”---“Firstly, risk analysis concerns flood napping, where we identify the parts of the country which are at most risk from flooding. Secondly, there is mitigation planning, which means helping local communities plan for when disasters strike. Thirdly, we make sure that the country’s dams all work properly and are safe. Although many people criticize dams because of their environmental impacts, there are many benefits to them too, such as hydroelectricity, irrigation, water storage, water sports and, of course, flood control. In terms of a cost-benefits analysis, we are definitely ahead.”---“Do you think countries are better prepared now for natural disasters than they were in the past?”---“Definitely. We are constantly developing new flood-prevention solutions. An example of one such measures can be found in the UK, with the Thames Barrier. This is an enormous engineering project designed to prevent London from flooding”---“Aren’t programmes like that very expensive? What lower-cost alternatives are there? ”---“Flood prevention does not have to be expensive. Sandbags, for example, can be highly effective way of stopping flood water.”60. The two aspects involved in minimizing the impact of natural disaster are_________.A. The construction and maintenance of earth wall defensesB. Flood mapping and mitigation planningC. Risk reduction and risk analysisD. Small community projects and early warning systems61. Risk analysis includes all the following Except______.A. Ensuring all dams are well functioningB. Developing new flood-prevention solutionsC. Assisting communities in planning for when disaster strikesD. Identifying which parts of the country will be threatened by floods62. Which can be inferred from the interview?A. Individuals are better prepared for natural disasters now than beforeB. The city of London is at potential risk of floodingC. There are many low-cost flood prevention alternativesD. Despite the environmental impact of dams, they bring many benefits(C)A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. "Given the choice, they prefer to continueworking." Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitut ion.It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida，" he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire."We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement，" says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now close to being cast aside. What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution."Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a persistent and adaptable chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.63. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”？A. They are passionate about making a fortune.B. They have no choice but to continue working.C. They love what they do and choose not to retire.D. They will not retire unless they are compelled to.64. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?A. The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.B. The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.C. Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.D. Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.65. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?A. It means a burden to the younger generation.B. It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.C. It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.D. It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.66. What do critics say about "nevertirees"?A. They are an obstacle to a company’s development.B. They lack the creativity of the younger generation.C. They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.D. They prevent young people from getting ahead.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. __67__ Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.__68__ Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the expanding ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.__69__ Employment rates are descending among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are postponing retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is in part responsible. __70__ Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to harvest rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Virginia is killing its U.S. history testsAs a history exam supporter, I have seen so many people appealing to the government to cancel it. Many students scored poorly in it and complained about hard work. In 2014, the Virginia legislature(立法) ordered a cut in the number of tests taken by the state’s children, and specifically eliminated the fifth grade and middle school U.S. history tests. The U.S. and Virginia history exam in high school is also about to disappear. Politicians seem to think the best way to reduce testing pressure is to abandon tests, no matter how important.I met Steve Constantino, now chief academic officer of the Virginia Education Department, and he told me, “even without tests, the course, requirements, standards, etc., are all still very much required and schools are accountable to ensure that students master the content. I believe what this does is move the course toward more of a deeper learning experience, like IB.”But when I met him the first time in the late 1990s, he was then the brilliant principal of Stonewall Jackson High School. He turned that school into a model for the demanding International Baccalaureate(IB) program. One of the reasons his IB program at Stonewall Jackson High School worked so well was that his IB students had to take the nation’s most difficult final e xams, some of them five hours long.My suggestion is that Virginia replace its state history tests with IB exams. You can learn a great deal preparing for one of those even if you fail. But that’s not going to happen. Constantino’s dream of deeper learnin g without challenging tests has never been achieved in American schools. So we will muddle along, not learning much history, since despite what we say, we really don’t think we need it.第II 卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．有科学的膳食和运动，就有理想的体重。
上海市2018年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析
![上海市2018年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/079f6766bf1e650e52ea551810a6f524ccbfcb92.png)
上海市2018年高考：英语考试真题与答案解析I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal.D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)SUN□13MON□1417 for after-class activity applicationTUE□15WED□16Handing in three student 18THU□17Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19FRI□18Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room SAT□19Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people 22with difficulties?In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part23 in decision-making.about her job?What does Sue think happiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop(29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. (B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress inyour life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experimentH. intendedI. operatedJ. soullessK. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的).When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of managementlayers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, aftera push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaninglessdrivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valu able only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
上海市普陀区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案
普陀区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Af t er you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f o ur possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. D. Cloudy.2.A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140 minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and w i fe.4. A.In a meeting room. B.In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police stat i on.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A.The w o man shouldn't be so upset. B. He's an hour late for the interview.C. The w o man should be patient.D. He's too nervous to calm dow n.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not w o rk hard enough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-w o rking.8. A. He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He w ants to spend more time w ith his family.C.He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too Iow to support his family.9. A. The w o man doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies.B. The w o man doesn't think her son w i ll get a business degree.C. The w o man insists that her son should major in science.D. The w o man advises her son to think tw i ce before making his decision.10. A.It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C.It broke dow n on road.D. It Ieft the road and landed in a field.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages an d the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear aquestion,read the f o ur possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11.A. Noise. B.Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B.A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A law y er.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. TQ make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking law s.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference w i th the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politen e ss.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn't feel like eat i ng.C. He.can't sleep very w e ll.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment w i th rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment w i th rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment w i th rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment w i th rays.19.A.Every day for seven w e eks. B.Three times a w e ek for seven w e eks.C. Three times a w e ek for three w e eks.D. Tw e nty times for tw o w e eks.20. A. Use hot w a ter pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold w a ter.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passage below, f ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no oneknow s how it ended.Thompson w as born in Delaw are (2l)the east coast of the United States in1906. Afterfin ishing h igh school, Thompson w ent to Princeton Univ ersity and later studied architecture at theUnivers ity of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson w orked as an architect in New Y orkCity until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _(serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intellig ence for the army in Thailand, It w as this first taste of life in the Far East (23)changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there,becoming (24)(involve) in an amb i tious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another schemethatw o uld eventually make him a million a ire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25)he considered exquisite(精美的)samples ofhandw o ven Thai silk, a product that (26)(become) rare. He persuaded the w e avers to w o rk w i th him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry w a s revived(复兴)and thebusiness made Thompson and some of the w e avers very w e althy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his orig inal interest in architecture on the side. He found six tradition al Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beaut iful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled w i th the w o rks of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he w ent for a w alk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30)(find) as to w hat happened to this w ealthy Amer ican businessman w h o is credited w i th single-handed l y reviv i ng the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the f o llowing passage by using the wo r d s in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ConcernB.dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE.impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I.residents J. signif i cantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Med ical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delh iof high levels of air pollution. Schools w ere shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the31of air pollut i on in Chin a shows that, in addit i on to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知),32reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and humancapital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the tradition al focus ofboosting GDP in the develop i ng w o rld.India’s recent pollut i on emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollut i on, but smoggy skies have been a cause of grow i ng 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing w orld — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollut i on at several times the WHO safe lim i ts. In fact, 98% of cities w i th more than 100,000 37 in low and middle- income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollut ion are w ell recognized, and examin ing the effects provides clear w a rnings for other countries seeking fast grow t h through rapid industrializat i on.We used nationally38 longitud i na（l纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched w ith daily air quality data for the time and place of interview s, to see w hat pollut ion does in a given time to indiv idual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey w as 39 multip le times, w e can control for the effect of indiv idual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that w o rsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day40 to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one w ould experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f i ts the context.Glo b alization: Good or Bad?Globalizat ion is defined in many w ays. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in internat ional free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this internat ional trade has been one of the main causes of w orld economic 42 over the past half century.Although there is litt le doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others havesuffered as a result.Improved income?An argument43globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade areshared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, w here per capita income( 人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy byover 100% in India betw een 1980 and 1996. It w ould appear that countries w hich open their doorsto w o rld trade tend to become45 .How ever, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", anddespite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minor ity of people,the vast major i ty have only seen a47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in internat ional trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries w hichproduce and export coffee import the packaging for it : a(n) 49 trade w hich enables commerceto develop in tw o countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such ascoffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packagingmaterials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmersmay be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries w hich arealready successful. Thesecountriesdevelop expertise(专门技能) and increasetheir share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries w hich_54 to support all their industriesusually do not develop expert ise in anyone. Consequently, thesecountries do not finda w orldmarket for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Ant i-glob alists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry.Countries w hich onlyconcentrate onone or two main industries are forced to import other goods. Theseimported goods are frequentlyoverpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency toaccumulate huge debts.41. A. ind i cation42. A. systems43. A. in favor of B. princip l eB. solutionB. on account ofC. definit i onC. crisesC. w i th regard ofD. factorD. grow t hD. in honor of44. A. Fortunately B. Sim i larly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. w e althier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake49. A. tw o-w a y B. qualifyB. all- inclusiv eC. fightC. officialD. requireD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorit i es51. A. otherw i se B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages54. A. stop B. restrictsB. continueC. forbidsC. failD. forcesD. refuse55. A. globalizat i on B. transformation C. specialization D. identif i cationSection B 22% .Directions: Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements.For each of them there are f our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe w o rd "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It w as a time w hen the African American artistic community grew and flour ished, producing a ton of w ork in a short period of time. The w ork celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civ il War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Betw een 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in th e Great Migrat ion. The African American popu lat ion of Chicago more than doub led during th at time! And in New Y ork, African Americans flocked to uptow n Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Har lem. Forming a community w ithin the big city let African Amer icans keep their cultural ident ity in a w hite-dominated society. It w as a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues w ere brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time w as the African Amer ican w riter, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of BlackFolk, in 1903, Du Bois w rote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called“doub le consciousness”. They had their ow n self-image w hile they saw themselves through the eyes or w hite Amer icans. And performers likeJosephine Baker and Paul Rob eson brought African Amer ican culture to all New Y orkers. The Renaissance w a s so influential that "Har l em " grew into something of a brand name, African Americans w ere pushing boundaries across all aspects of s ociety. Black business began to flourish, creating a grow ing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker w ho turned her cosmetics line into a million do llar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mob i lize the larger black population. Y oung African- Americans took advantage ofimproved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and w hite - began the push for racial integrat i on, planting the seeds of w h at w o uld eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Amer i cans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimin a tion.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bo i s contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He w r ote plays about the African-American experience.D. He w r ote about the struggleforAfrican-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status ofAfrican American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all w e re unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority w e re considered low e r class.C.Most w e re regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage w e re recognized as w e althy,59.What factor allow e d many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law ?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture toindustry.D. Push for unity among all Afr i cans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic build i ngs.The Essential T our brings to life the story behind the design and constructionof one of the w orld's most ing interactive audio-v isual technology, your guide w ill take you on a memorable journey ins ide the youngest budding ever to be WorldHer i tage listed.Afterw a rds, w h y not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, w i th its modern Australian menu? Y ou can both enjoythe best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of yourmeal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanT ak e s place: Daily betw e en 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions: Australiansen i ors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50 Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage T our gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real- life dramas behind the stage! Y ou might ev e n get to stand onthe concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagin e you are leading the performance. Y ou w i ll also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes w ith a compliment ary breakfast in the Green Room, The private din i ng area of performers past and present.T ak e s place: Dally a t 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.T o purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Lim i ted to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm tw o days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be w orn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High T ea consists of a tour w here you w ill w alk in the footsteps of w orld-class singers, dancers and musicians, follow ed by finefood and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong D in ing Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks follow e d by a live recital by a leading A ustralian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!T akes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler w i ll en j oy a performance if he choose .A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joiningthe Backstage Tour, a traveler .A.is allow e d to w e ar sneakers ' w h en standing on the stage. .B. w i ll have an opportunity to be the conductor ofthe orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple w ho travelled w ith their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there. w h at w o uld the low e st cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of liv ing th ings in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze w hy 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 per cent of land life van ished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions w ere so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it w as not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims w e re exaggeratedBy contrast, there is w i de acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) w h ich hit Mexico's Y ucatan peninsula 65million yearsago w a s the primary cause of the dinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geolog i sts have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）nearthe northw est coast of Australia. The samples w ere init ially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking o il. Now the geologists and their colleagu es believe that the precise splits in therocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanicpatterns. In fact, a spokesperson w ent so far as to say that these rocks completely rev ise the w ay scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drow ned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow w ithout sustaining glob al devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evid ently, the blow w a s fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this w as long before mammals ---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, w e w ould be w ise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far betw e en.63.The w o rd "plausib l e" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .A.availab l eB.incredib l eC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they w e re very resistant.B, Because there w e ren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the follow i ng is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single vo l cano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, V olcan i c rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor'slmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage caref ully. Fill in each blank with a proper senten ce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitat i on can hurt us if w e subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. Itis how to use imaginat i on creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's w a y of cooking w h en I could create my ow n?E. But if you begin to enter this field,im i tat i on proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitat ion is self-destruction. To those w ho do not recognize their unique w orth, im i tat i on appears attractive; to those w h o know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitat ion is he lpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. 67 .Imitating role models is like using train ing w heels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your ow n balance, you fly faster and farther w i thout relying on them.68 .If, as a child, you observed people w h ose lives w e re bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow w hat they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you w i ll get the results of the w e ak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebr ities. Those stars took great on screen. But w h en they step off screen, their personallives may be disastrous. 69 .Blessed is the person w i lling to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think ofthe movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations w ere motivated by inspirat ion, not desper ation.The w orld is changed not by those w ho do w hat has been done before them,but by those w ho do w hat has been done inside them. 70 . The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is w hat to do w i th the material knocking at the door ofimaginat i on.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind w hat does not serveyou. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r dsas f a r aspossibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study show s that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decideyou’vehad enough.the findings appear in the Journal ofConsumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that w as interesting to me is that some people get tired of thingsatvery-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoy ing them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do w i th memories ofpast consumption.The researchers testedthe memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then view ed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classicalmusic. Throughout the test, the participants w e re asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people w ith larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, w hich led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope w ith our desire for their products by figuring out w ays to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. T ranslation 15%Directions: Translate the f o llowing sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
【高三英语试题精选】上海市部分重点中学2018届高三第二次联考英语试卷
上海市部分重点中学2018届高三第二次联考英语试卷上海市部分重点中学metreC six-metres D six metres’38 John is the only one of the students in the class that never______ a mistake even when it is pointed to himA admit makingB admits makingC admit to makeD admits make39 His appearance has changed so much that you _____ not recognize himA mustB needC mayD ought40 At first I thought I understood what my teacher said , but the more he explained, ____A the more I became confusedB I became confused moreC the more confused I becameD the more confused did I beeSection B （9 分）Directions plete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need BEIJING - The general office of the State Council 41 a plan on Monday to improve national food safety, setting the tone for this year’s program, which includes emphasizing the accountability（问责制） of the system As part of a two-year 42 that began last month, the plan details 11 points for reforming food safety in China, aiming to solve problems and 43 public confidence in the products that are available on the marketOne of the points concerned the quality of farm products “Tests on pesticide residues in vegetables, fruits, teas, domestic fungus, animal products and sea food should be enforced Regulations on pesticide production and sales, 44 random checks on pesticide quality, should be 45 ,” according to the plan。
2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇-（带答案精准校对加强版）
2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A 篇1 One 【2018届上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her her life. life. life. She She She was was was ―the ―the o riginal original original flapperǁ flapperǁ girl girl and and and ―the ―the spirit spirit of of of the the the Jazz Jazz Jazz Age.ǁ Age.ǁ Married Married to to to the the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Great Gatsby ), she was by turns his muse and ), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was ―Crazy Zelda.ǁAccurate Accurate as as as all all all these these these descriptions descriptions descriptions may may may be, be, be, they they they do do do not not not tell tell tell the the the whole whole whole story. story. Born Born in in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who outshined other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her feverishly, reading her his stories and parts of his unfinished novel. He He proposed proposed proposed after after after his his his discharge discharge discharge from from from the the the Army Army Army in in in February February February 1919, 1919, 1919, but but but Zelda Zelda Zelda had had had doubts. doubts. doubts. Her Her fiancé wasn’t rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His His attempt attempt attempt was was was a a a dump. dump. dump. Zelda Zelda Zelda gave gave gave back back back the the the ring. ring. ring. Hoping Hoping Hoping to to to fix fix fix the the the ―no ―no moneyǁ moneyǁ part part part of of of his his problem, problem, Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it ！On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him. However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity （不忠）and bitter recriminations(互相指责). ). Earnest Earnest Earnest Hemingway, Hemingway, Hemingway, whom whom whom Zelda Zelda Zelda disliked, disliked, disliked, blamed blamed blamed her her her for for for Scott’s Scott’s declining declining literary literary literary output, output, output, though though though she she she has has has also also also been been been portrayed portrayed portrayed as as as the the the victim victim victim of of of an an an overbearing overbearing husband. husband. Actually, Actually, Actually, Zelda Zelda Zelda was was was also also also creative, creative, creative, pursuing pursuing pursuing both both both dancing dancing dancing and and and writing. writing. writing. Some Some Some scholars scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal （男权的）society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation. Scott used their relationship as material material in in in his his his novels, novels, novels, even even even borrowing borrowing borrowing episodes episodes episodes from from from Zelda’s Zelda’s Zelda’s diary diary diary and and and applying applying applying them them them into into into his his fictional writings. She detested her husband’s practice: ―Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name —seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i dentity of her own, Zelda wrote independently to declare her own value, as she put it ―I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.ǁNevertheless Nevertheless her her her unique unique unique personality personality personality was was was starting starting starting to to to seem seem seem more more more unbalanced unbalanced unbalanced than than than charming. charming. The couple —like the rest of the nation —was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia （精神分裂）, she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant life. 56. Where will you most probably find this article? A. In a newspaper. B. In a literary magazine. C. In a prepared speech. D. In a research report. 57. Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda? A. Ideal partnership. B. Unbalanced love relationship. C. Love-hate relationship. D. Mutually-jealous relationship. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters. B. B. Hemingway Hemingway Hemingway disliked disliked disliked Zelda Zelda Zelda because because because of of of her her her female female female identity identity identity and and and talent talent talent that that that outshined outshined outshined her her husband. C. Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials.D. The ―Crazy Zeldaǁ died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia.Keys: 56-58 BCDTwo 【2018届上海市上海实验中学高三英语下学期4月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a a nearby nearby nearby hospital. hospital. hospital. My My My university's university's university's philosophy philosophy philosophy was was was to to to get get get students students students seeing seeing seeing patients patients patients early early early in in in their their education. education. Nice Nice Nice idea, idea, idea, but but but it it it overlooked overlooked overlooked one one one detail: detail: detail: second-year second-year second-year students students students know know know next next next to to to nothing nothing about medicine. Assigned to my team that day was an attending — a senior faculty member who was there mostly mostly to to to make make make patients patients patients feel feel feel they they they weren't weren't weren't in in in the the the hands hands hands of of of amateurs. amateurs. amateurs. Many Many Many attendings attendings attendings were were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis (关节炎) specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs. I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake. But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘粗气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia （肺炎）. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on. "It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied. So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye. At 8:40 a.m., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze. That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity capacity in in in half. half. His symptoms had been textbook : : heavy heavy heavy perspiration perspiration perspiration and and and shortness shortness shortness of of of breath breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will? 56. 56. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? A. He himself wanted to have practice. B. Students of all majors had to do so. C. It was part of his medical training. D. He was on a research team. 57.While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT _________. A. moving difficulty B. steady temperature C. faster heart rate D. breathing problem 58. ―His symptoms had been textbook ǁ means that his symptoms were_________. A. part of the textbook B. no longer in the textbook C. recently included in the textbook D. explained in the textbook 59. 59. At At the the end end end of of of the the the passage, passage, passage, the the the author author author expresses expresses expresses _________ _________ _________ about about about the the the medical medical medical education education system. A. optimism B. hesitation C. concern D. support Keys: 56-59 CADC Three 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语下学期3月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Mrs. Bridge said that she judged people by their shoes and by their manners at the table. If someone wore shoes with run-over heels, or shoes that had not been shined for a long time, or shoes with broken laces, you could be pretty sure this person would be careless in other things as well. And there was no better way to judge a persons background than by watching him or her at the table. The children learned it was impolite to talk while eating, or to chew with the mouth open, and as they grew older they learned the more subtle manners not to butter an entire slice of bread, not to take more than one biscuit at a time, unless, of course, the hostess should insist. They were taught to keep their elbows close to their sides while cutting meat, and to hold the utensils in the tips of their fingers. They resisted the temptation to sup up the gravy with a piece of bread, and they made sure to leave a little of everything-not enough to be called wasteful, but just a little to indicate the meal had been suit And ally, they learned that a lady or a gentleman does not fold up a napkin after eating in a public place. The girls absorbed these matters with greater facility than Douglas, who tended to ask the son for everything, sometimes observing that he thought it was all pretty silly. He seemed particularly unable to eat with his left hand lying in his lap; he wanted to leave it on the table, to prop himself up, us it were, and claimed be got a backache with one arm in his lap. Mrs, Bridge told him this was absurd, and when he wanted to know why he could not put his elbow on the table she replied, " Do you want to be different from everyone else?ǁDouglas was doubtful, but after a long silence, and under the weight of his mother’stranquil gaze, he at last concluded he didn’t.The The American American American habit habit habit of of of switching switching switching implement, implement, implement, however, however, continued continued to to to give give give him him him trouble trouble andmake andmake him him him rebellious. rebellious. rebellious. With With With elaborate elaborate elaborate care care care he he he would would would put put put down down down the the the knife, knife, knife, reach reach reach high high high across across hisplate and descend on the left side to pick up the fork, raising it high over the plate again as hereturned to the starting position. "Now sop acting ridiculous, " she told him one day at lunch. Well, I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way ,ǁ he muttered, giving ―Egyptiansǁ a vengeful emphasis.―I doubt if they do, she replied calmly, expertly cutting a triangle of pineapple from hersalad, "but you' re not an Egyptinn, So you eat the way Americans eat, and that’s final.ǁ56. Which of the following was considered acceptable table manners by Mrs. Bridge A. Fold up a napkin after having a meal in a public place B. Take more than one biscuits if the hostess insists C. Put the elbow on the table while eating D. Butter an entire slice of bread 57. Douglas claimed that he got a backache with one arm in his lap, because______. A.he didn’t want to be different from othersB. he was worried that his back might ache soon C. no one answered his question about the table manners D. he had to find an excuse for not obeying the rules 58. What did Douglas mean by saying "I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way"? A. He thought it ridiculous to have the strange old table manners B. He didn’t think Americans should learn from the Egyptians.C. He thought Egyptians used to have strict rules about eating D. He hoped that his mothers could give in to him if he insisted. 59. what's the probable reason why Mrs Bridge put much emphasis on table manners? A. She believed that good table manners is a reflection of her family's social position B. She didn't want her family to be considered wasteful C. She thought it necessary to cultivate her children’s good eating habitsD. She found it embarrassing to obey her sons wishes Keys: 56-59:BDAA Four 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Shoppers Shoppers in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are spending spending spending less less less money money money on on on toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper to to to save save save money,research money,research money,research has has shown. Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives. This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from £1.19 1.19 billion billion billion in in in 2011 2011 2011 to to to ££1.12 1.12 billion billion billion in in in 2015,according 2015,according 2015,according to to to a a a new new new report report report from from from market market market research research company Mintel.Furthermore,the future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016. In the last year alone,despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households,sales of toilet paper fell by 2%,with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015. Overall,almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue tissue and and and kitchen kitchen kitchen roll roll roll——to to save save save money."Strength,softness money."Strength,softness and and thickness thickness thickness remain remain remain the the the leading leading indicators indicators ODM ODM ODM toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper quality,with quality,with quality,with just just just a a a small small small proportion proportion proportion of of of consumers consumers consumers preferring preferring preferring more more luxurious luxurious alternatives,such alternatives,such alternatives,such as as as those those those with with with flower flower flower patterns patterns patterns or or or perfume,"said perfume,"said perfume,"said Mintel Mintel Mintel analyst analyst analyst Jack Jack Duckett."These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers,which probably probably reflects reflects reflects how how how these these these types types types of of of products products products are are are typically typically typically more more more expensive expensive expensive than than than regular regular regular toilet toilet paper, even when on special offer." While consumers are spending less on toilet paper,they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it it comes comes comes to to to paper paper paper quality.Top quality.Top of of Britons' Britons' Britons' toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper wish wish wish list list list is is is softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed by by strength(45%)and thickness(36%). One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,highlighting considerations,highlighting how how how overall overall overall the the the environment environment environment is is is much much much less less less of of of a a a consideration consideration consideration for for shoppers shoppers than than than product product product quality.In quality.In quality.In a a a challenge challenge challenge for for for manufactures,81% manufactures,81% manufactures,81% of of of paper paper paper product product product users users users said said they they would would would consider consider consider buying buying buying recycled recycled recycled toilet toilet toilet tissue tissue tissue if if if it it it were were were comparable comparable comparable in in in quality quality quality to to to standard standard paper. 56.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because. ABritons have cut their spending on it B.its prices have gone up over the year C.its quality has seen marked improvement D.Britons have developed the habit of saving 57.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK? A.It will expand in time. B.It will remain gloomy. C.It will experience ups and downs. D.It will recover as population grows. 58.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper? A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper. B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most. C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper. D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features. 59.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment. B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales. C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve. D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper. Keys: 56-59 ABAD Five 【2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the the wife wife wife of of of my my my mother's mother's mother's brother brother brother Bill. Bill. Bill. She She She taught taught taught me me me in in in second second second gradeat gradeat gradeat all-black all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; sing; shelistened shelistened shelistened to to to my my my voice voice voice and and and pronounced pronounced pronounced it it it good.I good.I good.I couldn't couldn't couldn't dance; dance; dance; she she she taught taught taught me me me thebasic thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed. My My aunt aunt aunt also also also took took took down down down books books books from from from her her her extensivelibrary extensivelibrary extensivelibrary and and and shared shared shared them them them with with with me.I me.I me.I had had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'llnever forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher. Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as as the the the habit habit habit of of of gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, the the the discipline discipline discipline of of of meeting meeting meeting deadlines, deadlines, deadlines, and, and, and, after after after graduation graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs. Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she she has has has reflected reflected reflected a a a bright, bright, bright, multifaceted multifaceted multifaceted ((多面的) ) image image image of of of possibilities possibilities possibilities to to to every every every pupilwho pupilwho pupilwho has has crossed her path. 56. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays. 57. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play. 58. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________. A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect material C. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs 59. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________. A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning Keys: 56-59 DAAB [来Six 【2018届上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obviousǁ both to the general public and to sociologists that that modern modern modern society society society has has has changed changed changed people’s people’s people’s natural natural natural relations, relations, relations, loosened loosened loosened their their their responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities to to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the the ―obviousǁ ―obviousǁ i s is is not not not true. true. true. It It seems seems that that that if if if you you you are are are a city a city resident, resident, you you you typically typically typically know know know a a a smaller smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most most part, part, part, this this fact fact has has has few few few significant significant significant consequences. consequences. consequences. It It It does does does not not not necessarily necessarily necessarily follow follow follow that that that if if if you you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than are big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These These findings findings findings do do do not not not imply imply imply that that that urbanism urbanism urbanism makes makes makes little little little or or or no no no difference. difference. difference. If If If neighbors neighbors neighbors are are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be be a a a link link link between between between a a a community’s community’s community’s population population population size size size and and and its its its social social social heterogeneity(heterogeneity(多样性). ). For For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than their 。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市杨浦区高三英语下
2018上海市杨浦区高三英语下Kj 杨浦区minded people to socialize thereC Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served thereD Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face munication is encouraged there13A It has proved to be popular in both Britain and RussiaB The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expectedC It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs moreD It takes time to see whether British people like it or notQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage 14A Teach students hoto avoid errors in writingB Correct test papers on Chinese language courseC Help foreigners to learn Chinese charactersD Correct mistakes in students’ speeches15A It should be connected with a laser printerB Essays of different styles should be stored in itC The paper text should be changed into digital textD Character recognition system should be installed in it16A It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacherB It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of languageC It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakesD Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and pleteQuestions 17 through China Academic Relations at the。
2018高考英语上海卷真题
2018年上海高考英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Atthe end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide whichone is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M:Good morning. Can Ihelp you?W:Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q :Where doesthe conversation most probably take place?2. W: Jack, you look tired.M:Yes, I got piles of work to do. But it gives me a great sense of achievement.Q:What can we learn about the man?3. W:John, what's up? Why are you standing on the desk?M:The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt out.Q: What is the man most probably doing?4. W:I will take this room, how muchis the rent?M:Well,two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months rent inadvance, plus a deposit of 100 pounds.Q:Accordingto the man, how much should the woman pay in total?5. W:I'll take an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow.M:Don't worry. Others stand no chance, if you take the interview.Q:How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job?6. M :I couldn't sleep at all last night. The bed isnot comfortable.W:Don't blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does the woman imply?7. W:Andy, I bought a shirt for you.M:Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.Q:What does the man imply?8. W:I'm terribly sorry, but your flight has been canceled.N:What? In that case, I hope you will put meup somewhere tonight.Q: What does the man expect a woman to do for him?9. W:A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers. But over4,000 people showed up .M:Yes, I saw the news onTV. Istill have my job, thank goodness.Q:What are the speakers talking about?10. W:Professor smith explained the physics problem very clearly.M:Did he? Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions, the passage andthe conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you heara question, read the four possible answers on yourpaper and decide which one is thebest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, St. Augustine is one of thenation's oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, i t is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views. In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called itLa Florida, and claimed it for Spain, then in 1565, a Spanish conquer established a settlement there and named it St. Augustine, except fora twenty year period of English rule. Floridaremained under Spanish ruleuntil the United States took control in 1821. Inthe years after its founding, the city of St. Augustinewas attacked by the French and English and by native Americans, you are said to have shot flaming arrowsat the city's defensive building, setting it on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the regionwith hurricanes, Matthew on 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still.St Augustine endures.As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustinehas suffered muchin itslong history. Hopefully, visitors will come andp erhapssupport theFlorida’s coast recovery, while discovering its centuries of history and miles of coastal beauty.Questions:11. Which country first governed Florida in history?12. Which of the following statements is true of Saint Augustine?13. What is the passage mainly about?P.S. La Florida--佛罗里达的西班牙语名词Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.Transport for London has a lost property office which collects the items left behind aspeople flow through the city's transport system each day. It is the biggest lost propertyoffice in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. Sixty five staff sort through hundredsof thousands of lostand forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cowan.alt with over three hundred thousand items in Accordingto the latest data, Cowan’s team dethe first quarter of the year. Asthe data reveals, very feware claimed. For example, of thenearly 13,000 keys handed into lost property last year, just under 1,400 were returned totheir owners, saysCowan. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three month.After that time, stock becomes the propertyof transport forLondon. Andit's not necessarilytheitems you'd expect. A wander through the three basement floors that make up the lostproperty office gives us an idea of whatwevalue enough to recover and what we're happyto let go. Cowan has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lostshoes. He said, if you have oneshoe, youare more likely to go looking forthe other. If youlose twoshoes, well,it's slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses many people regardloss as anopportunity to treat themselves to something new.Questions:14. What isthe passage mainly about?15. Which of the followingis true of the lost items?16.According to Cowan, why don't somepeople get their lost shoes back?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a goodfeeling about this house.M: If you like the outside, you're going to really love the inside.W: What abeautiful home!And I likethe way thewindow screengives you privacy from thestreet.M: Follow me into the kitchen. Youwill love it.W: Wow! They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it! The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. Ilove the relaxing colorsof the wall and floor covering. I'd like to makean offer on this house.M: As yourhouseagent, I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planningon offering?W: I really like the house and will pay the full asking price of 380,000 do llars.M:We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room.Let's offer 350,000 dollars.W: That soundsgood. But I don't want this house to get away from me.M: The market is fairly down right now. So the offer is a realistic one.W: When will we know if the y’ll accept the offer?M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days?W: Should Ibe contacting mybank in the meantime?M:You're already pre-qualifiedfor your loan. So you're in good shape.Questions:17. What isthe woman mostprobably doing?18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen?19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first?20. Which of the followingis true according to the passage?标题语法：标题S&A’s plan tofight theft大致内容：就是一个商店推行一个叫 Justice 的系统抓商店扒窃(shoplifting)，还有一些小偷窃就自己放课程让小毛贼学习学习。
上海市虹口区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案
虹口区2017学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Af t er reading the passage below, f i ll in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Nook 's arrival, Good or Bad?Book l overs, most of them, w i ll tell you(21)a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to the friend -the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of ; the travel book that made you feel (22)you yourself w ere on a train ride through India. For a w hile it seemed that e-book users w ere to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. Y ou could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn't lend it out.But now, w ith the Nock, the US book chain Barnes and Noble's response to Amazon's Kind le,electronic readers w ill be ab le to have their latest literaryenthusiasm(23) (press) on their friends,justlik e readers of physical books can, Y ou simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read itfor tw o w eeks, (24)(use) any device w ith the Barnes& Noble e-book reader softw a re. It's a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. Y ou read in black and w h ite on the main screen. just like w ith Kind le. The difference is (25)on the low er part of the device there's a colour touch screen,(26)allow s you to browse through a book or a magazine , but goes black w hen you're not using it sothat you save pow e r.(27) exciting th ing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)(read) w hole e-books at Barnes& Noble for hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes& Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook,iron i cally,(29)(turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes& Noble, or at least ajob- loser for Barnes& Noble's employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website,(30)the Nook is successful it mighttake sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word cho s en f r om the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. branchB. departmentC. appropriateD. expansionE. w i thdrewF. dominatedG. licensed H. contract I. considerable J. brands K. breakthroughForeign Giants T arget Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Ch in ese milk manufacture as a business partner for its (31)in China – a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge Ch i na’s dairy market by tying up w i th local players.Ar la signed the cooperation (32), w hich comes into effect this month, w ith Mengn iu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-pow der joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North Chin a’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal betw een Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new (33) for Multinat i onal’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create ( 34) profits in domestic milk market, especially the liqu id-m ilk sector, w hich is follow ed closely by price w ars and dominated by local (35)---companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful ---Nestle, Inter, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wy eth have (36) the high-end milk-formula market in Ch i na.“We w ill w atch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) (37) time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said w hen it (38) its investment in its Tianjin jo int venture last year after eight years.The company has (39) its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk pow der and Dutch lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its (40) company in Hong Kong.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our word s or phra ses marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f its the context.Our modern w o rking lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state w hat people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 w hether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about w hether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or w o rk in w a ys that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a bar ista w ho is being trained to make coffee. The job title of “bar ista” 44 a degree of skill in making coffee. How ever, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are tw o reasons w h y such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary(二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the w orld, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not rew ard outstanding performance. 49 , producing the w orst cup of coffee w ould be a fail in the same w ay as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all----only the final b i nary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in w hy the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds w h ich 52 through learning.Y et w e are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and w o rkplace. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If w e w ant to be true human in our learn ing and our w orkplace, w e need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation invo lve failure in aim i ng for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence w h ere the mediocre(平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A. question42. A. As a rule B. predictB. As a w h oleC. measureC. In other w o rdsD. confirmD. In fact43. A. impression44. A. suggests45. A. society-based B. conceptB. assumesB. self-basedC. valueC. deservesC. pleasure-basedD. developmentD. inheritsD. competence-based46. A. minimum47. A. last48. A. challenge B. uniqueB. w o rkB. appearanceC. traditionalC. existC. outcomeD. internationalD. changeD. practice49. A. Therefore50. A. agreement51. A. typically B. InsteadB. extentB. simplyC. MoreoverC. standardC. cheaplyD. Likew i se D.description D.occasionally52. A. alter53. A. handle54. A. common B. expandB. classifyB. sociableC. createC. transferC. creativeD. exhaustD. achieveD. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presentedSection BDirections:Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements. For each of them there are f our choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel w a s born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a fam i ly of musicians. In 1757, hefled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, heconvinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team becameoccupied in astronomy. William d ied at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th, 1822, andCaroline on September 1st, 1848.Herschel's first major discoveries w e re to show that Mars and Jupiter exhib i t ax i al rotation( 绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in1781, w h en on March13th, he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星) w hileengaged in w ork aimed at determining stellar parallax( 恒星视差). This being the first new planetdiscovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relat ively unknow n even inEng land, became w orld-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planetGeorgiumSidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick w orked once again, asKing George III gave William and Caroline the titles of "The King’s Astronomer" and "Assistant to theking's Astronomer", an honor w hich came w ith a life's pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, andshortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caro line could devote themselves entirelyto astronomy. The Herschels w e nt on to discover tw o moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied w i th the search for comets at w h ich she w a s quitesuccessful. William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 w o rk, he put forththe theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist w ell into the nineteenth century. In 1800, hebecame interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energyoutput outside of the visible spectrum, in w hat is now know n as the infrared (红外线). In 1801, hepublished tw o papers that effectively started the field of solar influ e nces on Earth’s w e ather.56. Herschel made himself know n to the w o rld mainly byA. discovering the planet UranusB. determin i ng stellar parallaxC. discovering tw o moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George IIIA. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel's naming of the new planetC. w a s interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do w e know about Carolin e from the passage?A. She w a s successful in music.B. She w a s titled "The king's AstronomerC. She died later than her brother.D. She published tw o papers59. This passage mainly tells readersA. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along w e ll w i th each otherD. Herschel and Caroline's major scientific publications(B)OSCAR THEATR EBOOKI NG-in personThe Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 am-8 pm.-by postStating the performance and choice of seats, enclosing a cheque, postal order, or your credit card detailsto Oscar Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Main street. All cheques should be made payable to OscarTheatre-by telephoneRing 0844 847 2484 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (V isa, Master Card accepted)-on-lineComplete the on-line book i ng form at www.oscartheatre com.DISCOUNTSSaver: $2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursdayinclusive, and for all matinees (下午场). Savers are availab l e for children up to 16 years old, over 60sand full-time students.Supersaver: half-price seats are availab le for people w ith disabilit ies and one companion. It isadvisab le to book in advance. There is a maximum of eight w heelchair spaces availab le and onw h eelchair space w i ll be held until one hour before the show(subject to availab i lity) Standby: best availab le seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for peopleelig i b l e(有资格的) for Saver and Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers.Group Book i ngs: there is a ten per cent discount for parties of tw e lve or more.Schools: school parties of ten or more can book $9 tickets in advance and w ill get every tenth ticket free.Please note: w e are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstance.60. When booking by post, you can pay for a ticket byA. visit i ng the w e bsite of a post officeB. going to your local bank in personC. enclosing your Master Card in an envelopeD. providing your credit card information61. What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text?A. A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount.B. A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay $135 in total for aperformance.C. Someone accompanying a w h eelchair user to a performance receives a discount.D. An 18-year-old teenager is elig i b l e for Saver discounts.62. According to the text, can get Standby ticket.A.65-year-olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performanc e beginsB. full-t ime students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance beginsC.theatre-goers w h o are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performance.D. anyone w h o buys tickets an hour before a performance begins(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last w eek: there w as nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This w as an inside job,according to court documents. A low ly help-desk w orker at Teledata Communications, a softw are firm that helps banks access credit reports online, alleged ly stole passw ords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allow ed the gang to cherry-pick consumers w ith good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest grow th markets. A name, address and Social Security number --w hich can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to app ly for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your ident i ty.The good new s is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not w ell-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of "pre-approved" credit-card mailin gs that go out every day. Others steal w allets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leav ing your Soc ial Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective w a y to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or tw ice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, w hich is a lot better than w ading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion's w ebsite to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--lay ing out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you're lucky enough to live in Co l orado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or V ermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherw ise it's going to cost $8 to $14 each time. A void services that offer to monitor your reports year -round for about $70; that's $10 more than the going rate among th ieves. If you think you're a victim of ident ity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. Y ou can also dow nload a theft-report form /idtheft, w hich, along w ith a local po lice report, should help w hen irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk w o rker w a s one of the few e r than 2% of identity thieves w h o are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means .A. a crime that is committed by a person w o rking for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. The creditors can protect their identity in the follow i ng w a y except .A. destroying your junk mailB. leav i ng your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report w e bsite regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft becauseA. More people are using credit service.B. The application program is not safe enough.C. Creditors usually disclose their identity.D. Creditors are not careful about their ident i ty.66. The best title of the text isA. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identitySection CDirections: Read the passage caref u lly. Fill in each blank with a proper seen given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there aret»o sentences than you need.A. When you are done w i th your task then rew a rd yourself.B. Make sure you only rest for 10 minutes.C. Or you can w o rk harder and start an even bigger project.D. Set a kitchen timer and say to yourself that you only have to do this w o rk for 10minutes.E. When you sort papers，do the laundry or do the dishes, be fully there.F. Y ou don't alw a ys have to do just one thing at a time in silence.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring. But you still have to w ash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at w ork or in school. So w hat can you do not to get lost in procrastination( 拖延)?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in w h at may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus on your thought on w hy you are doing this and how good it w ill feel w hen you are done w ith it. If needed, sit dow n for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to w ork w ith that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attent i vely. 67 Focus 100% on just the w o rk w i th all your sense-how it feels, looks, and smells –as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal w i th yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do task like these in small bursts. So make a deal w ith yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house. 68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) .Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable d i straction. If possible，try to listen to the radio，your favorite songs，an audio book or w a tch a movie or TV episode w h ile doing your boring task.69 I often listen to music or w a tch an episode of the Simpsons w h ile doing the dishes or other routine w o rk at home.70 Take a w alk in the sun. Move on to more fun or creative task at w ork or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forw ard to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate rew a rd right after you are finished.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r ds as f a r as possible.Clearly if w e are to participate in the society in w hich w e live, w e must communicate w ith other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If w e travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, w e are likely to have conversations w here w e give information or opinions, receive new s or comment and very likely have our view s challenged by other members of society.Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last tw o hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of current society. Tw o things, above others, have caused the enormous grow th of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiv eness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and televis ion. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local new s often takes a back seat to national new s, w h ich itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international new s.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a w ealthy minority. In the last century the w ealthy man w ith his ow n library w as indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to w a tch a program that is being channeled into m i llions of homes.Communication is no longer merely concerned w i th the transmission of information. The modem communication influ ences the w ay, people live in society and broadens their horizons by allow ing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all information, education and entertainment, The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all invo l ved w i th informing, educating and entertaining.V.T ranslationDirection:Translate the f o llowing sentence into English,using the words given in the brackets. 72. 应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2018年上海市中学高三英语下学期期末试题一、选择题1. —Will you be able to see Lucy’s parents when the first class is over?—I’m afraid not. I a lecture on Chinese literature in the hall.A. will attendB. am going to attendC. will be attendingD. am attending参考答案：C2. I regret________ you that your application has been rejected.-Now I''m starting to regret________ the previous offer.A, to inform; to not take B. informing; not to take C. to inform; not taking D. informing; not taking参考答案：C34. Then _______that the war was over.A. the news cameB. did come the newsC. did the news cameD. came the news参考答案：D略4. Lucy has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ______ about her job.A. curiousB. specialC. particularD. responsible参考答案：C5. ___ is left over may be put into the refrigerator，____ it will keep for two or three weeks．（）A．Whoever；when B．Whenever；whichC．Whatever；where D．Whichever；while参考答案：C根据may be put into the refrigerator可知前面是主语从句，再结合句意，无论什么剩下的东西，选whatever，后面是个定语从句，先行词refrigerator，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此第二空填where，故选C．6. ——Excuse me,where can I get________ application form?------Go to_______ Window 10,please.A.an ; /B.an;theC./ ; /D.the;the参考答案：A7. Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn’t have to immediate rescue.A. accessB. admissionC. approachD. attention参考答案：A23. Judging from her ___ facial expression, I guess that the problems must be interesting.A. excitementB. excitedC. excitingD. excite参考答案：B略9. We don’t need magic to change the world____we carry all the power we need insideourselves already: the power to imagine better, said J K Rowling.A.thoughB. unlessC. beforeD. when参考答案：D【目的】考查状语从句的用法。
句意：当我们运用了我们需要的所有内部的全部力量时，我们不需要魔法来改变世界：想象的力量更好。
J K Rowling.说。
though尽管，引导让步状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；before在……之前，引导时间状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。
故选D。
10. —What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?—it’s nothing. Just something _______.A. as clear as dayB. off the top of my headC. under my noseD. beyond my wildest dreams参考答案：B11. A hot cup of tea on such a cold night was a real ____ to me.A. respectB. momentC. comfortD. fortune参考答案：C12. 一What will happen to the children if Jim and Mary ?一I don’t know but I think it’s a really terrible thing．A．break down B．breakout C．break up D．break in参考答案：C13. We made many surveys to get better idea of how people spend their leisure timein 21st century.A．不填; the B．a; 不填 C．the; a D．a; the 参考答案：D略14. The graduation ceremony,_______ at 9 pm yesterday, was followed by a film ．A．starting B．being startedC．to start D．to be started参考答案：A15. He had a burning ________ to win back the teacher’ s confidence in him.A．desire B．feeling C．emotion D．impression参考答案：A考查名词词义辨析。
句意：他有一个强烈的愿望赢得老师的信心。
此处desire意为：愿望。
16. He must have been ill ，or he _____to the lecture then.A.would comeB. would have comeC. cameD. had come参考答案：B17. If you ______ a fresh mind for an interview, be sure to have a good sleep the night before it.A. will haveB. have hadC. are havingD. are to have参考答案：D18. —What shall we do tonight?—．It' s up to you．A．It all depends B．No problem C．I don't care D．Don't mention it参考答案：C19. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let参考答案：B解析：题干为“玻璃门代替了木门，结果白天进来了自然光。
”故选letting. 现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
如果选to let，应去掉前面的逗号。
二、单词拼写20. Last week we （祝贺）her on having passed the driving test．参考答案：congratulated51. — Why have you been so restless these days?— Air tickets are in shortage. We are struggling to get seats on a plane b____for Mexico.52. —Susan, do you know the meaning of “Brexit”?— Yes. It refers to Britain exiting from the EU, namely, the s ____ from EU.53. — Have you heard of the famous translator Xu Yuanchong, who is still devoted to his work at the age of 98?— Absolutely! C____ his age, he leads a very active life.54. — To fit in the new working environment and master professional skills, Jason attended a night school.— The new job gave him passion and added a new d____ to his life.55. — With the rise of online stores, numerous physical stores have been closed down in Suzhou.— It is the law of the j ____ . You have to be strong enough to succeed.参考答案：51. bound52. separation53. Considering54. dimension55. jungle【51题详解】考查形容词。
句意：—你这些天怎么这么坐立不安?—机票短缺。
我们正在努力争取飞往墨西哥的飞机座位。
根据所给句子，结合首字母提示，可推出是形容词bound“准备去的”，a plane bound for Mexico “一架飞往墨西哥的飞机”。
故填bound。
【52题详解】考查名词。
句意：—苏珊，你知道“英国退欧”是什么意思吗?—是的。
它指的是英国退出欧盟，即脱离欧盟。
根据所给句子，结合首字母提示，由空前the及空后from可推出是名词separation“分离”。