几何图形技术_Matlab高级绘图

Matlab绘图系列之高级绘图一、目录1.彗星图二维彗星图三维彗星图2.帧动画3.程序动画4.色图变换5.V oronoi图和三角剖分V oronoi图三角剖分6.四面体7.彩带图彩带图三维流彩带图8.伪彩图9.切片图切片图切片轮廓线图10.轮廓图显示轮廓线显示围裙瀑布效果带光照模式的阴影图11.函数绘图轮廓线、网格图、曲面图、轮廓网格图轮廓曲面图、二维曲线、极坐标曲线图、自定义函数12.三维图形控制视点灯光效果色彩控制二、图形示例1．彗星图二维彗星图t=0:.01:2*pi;x=cos(2*t).*(cos(t).^2);y=sin(2*t).*(sin(t).^2);comet(x,y);title('二维彗星轨迹图')hold onplot(x,y)三维彗星图a=12;b=9;T0=2*pi;%T0是轨道的周期T=5*T0;dt=pi/100;t=[0:dt:T]';f=sqrt(a^2-b^2);%地球与另一焦点的距离th=12.5*pi/180;%未经轨道与x-y平面的倾角E=exp(-t/20);%轨道收缩率x=E.*(a*cos(t)-f);y=E.*(b*cos(th)*sin(t));z=E.*(b*sin(th)*sin(t));plot3(x,y,z,'g')%画全程轨线hold on,sphere(20);%画地球axis offtitle('卫星返回地球示例')x1=-18*T0;x2=6*T0;y1=-12*T0;y2=12*T0;z1=-6*T0;z2=6*T0;axis([x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2])% axis([-15 10 -15 10 -10 10]) axis equalcomet3(x,y,z,0.02);%画运动轨线hold off2．帧动画Z=peaks;surf(Z)%绘制网格表面图axis tightset(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren');%设定axis覆盖重画模式title('帧动画播放示例')for j=1:20surf(sin(2*pi*j/20)*Z,Z)%重新绘制网格表面图，这里后面一个Z当成了颜色矩阵F(j)=getframe;%创建帧endmovie(F,20)%播放动画20次3．程序动画t=0:pi/50:10*pii=1;h=plot3(sin(t(i)),cos(t(i)),t(i),'*','erasemode','none');%设定擦除模式grid onaxis([-2 2 -2 2 -1 10*pi])title('程序动画示例')for i=2:length(t)set(h,'xdata',sin(t(i)),'ydata',cos(t(i)),'zdata',t(i));drawnowpause(0.01)end4．色图变换load spineimage(X)colormap coolspinmap(10)5．V oronoi图和三角剖分V oronoi图rand('state',5)x=rand(1,10);y=rand(1,10);subplot(131)voronoi(x,y);%绘制voronoi图形axis equalaxis([-0.2 1.6 -0.5 2.5])subplot(132)[vx,vy]=voronoi(x,y);plot(x,y,'r+',vx,vy,'b-');%应用返回值绘制axis equalaxis([-0.2 1.6 -0.5 2.5])subplot(133)rand('state',5);x=rand(10,2);[v,c]=voronoin(x);%返回值v参数维voronoi顶点矩阵，返回值c参数为voronoi元胞数组for i=1:length(c)if all(c{i}~=1)patch(v(c{i},1),v(c{i},2),i);%应用色图iendendaxis equalaxis([-0.2 1.6 -0.5 2.5])box on三角剖分[x,y]=meshgrid(1:15,1:15);tri=delaunay(x,y);z=peaks(15);trimesh(tri,x,y,z)6．四面体d=[-1 1];[x,y,z]=meshgrid(d,d,d);%定义一个立方体x=[x(:);0];y=[y(:);0];z=[z(:);0];%[x,y,z]分别为加上中心的立方体顶点X=[x(:) y(:) z(:)];Tes=delaunayn(X);%返回m×n的数组值tetramesh(Tes,X);%绘制四面体图camorbit(20,0);%旋转摄像目标位置7．彩带图彩带图[x,y]=meshgrid(-3:.5:3,-3:.1:3); z=peaks(x,y);ribbon(y,z)三维流彩带图load wind%打开保存的数据lims=[100.64 116.67 17.25 28.75 -0.02 6.86];%定义坐标轴范围[x,y,z,u,v,w]=subvolume(x,y,z,u,v,w,lims);%lims来定义数据子集[sx sy sz]=meshgrid(110,20:5:30,1:5);%定义网格点verts=stream3(x,y,z,u,v,w,sx,sy,sz,.5);%计算彩带顶点cav=curl(x,y,z,u,v,w);%计算卷曲角速度wind_speed=sqrt(u.^2+v.^2+w.^2);%计算流速h=streamribbon(verts,x,y,z,cav,wind_speed,2);%绘制流彩带图view(3)8．伪彩图n=6%定义轮数r=(0:n)'/n;%定义轮的半径theta=pi*(-n:n)/n;%定义轮的扇区角X=r*cos(theta);Y=r*sin(theta);%定义网格顶点C=r*cos(2*theta);%定义色图pcolor(X,Y,C)%绘制伪彩图axis equal tight9．切片图切片图[x,y,z] = meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.25:2,-2:.16:2); v = x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);xslice = [-1.2,.8,2]; yslice = 2; zslice = [-2,0]; slice(x,y,z,v,xslice,yslice,zslice)colormap hsv切片轮廓线图[x y z v]=flow;%打开水流数据h=contourslice(x,y,z,v,[1:9],[],[0],linspace(-8,2,10));%切片轮廓线view([-12 30])10．轮廓图显示轮廓线[x,y,z]=peaks;subplot(1,2,1)meshc(x,y,z);%同时画出网格图与轮廓线title('meshc 网格图与轮廓线')axis([-inf inf -inf inf -inf inf]);subplot(1,2,2)surfc(x,y,z);%同时画出曲面图与轮廓线title('surfc 曲面图与轮廓线')axis([-inf inf -inf inf -inf inf]);显示围裙[x y z]=peaks; meshz(x,y,z);瀑布效果[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30); waterfall(X,Y,Z)带光照模式的阴影图[x,y]=meshgrid(-3:1/8:3); z=peaks(x,y);surfl(x,y,z);shading interp%着色处理colormap(gray);%灰度处理axis([-3 3 -3 3 -8 8])11．函数绘图轮廓线、网格图、曲面图、轮廓网格图%图1绘制轮廓线、网格图、曲面图、轮廓网格图subplot(221)f=['3*(1-x)^2*exp(-(x^2)-(y+1)^2)-10*(x/5-x^3-y^5)*exp(-x^2-y^2)-1/3*exp(-( x+1)^2-y^2)'];%定义双变量x、y的函数式ezcontour(f,[-3,3],49)%x、y为[-3 3]，网格为49×49subplot(222)ezmesh('sqrt(x^2+y^2)');subplot(223)ezsurf('real(atan(x+i*y))')%经过滤波，如果相同数据surf绘图没有滤波subplot(224)ezmeshc('y/(1+x^2+y^2)',[-5,5,-2*pi,2*pi])%x、y的数值范围分别为[-5 5]、[-2*pi 2*pi]轮廓曲面图、二维曲线、极坐标曲线图、自定义函数%图2绘制轮廓曲面图、二维曲线、极坐标曲线图、自定义函数figure(2)subplot(221)ezsurfc('sin(u)*sin(v)')subplot(222)ezplot('x^2-y^4');subplot(223)ezpolar('1+cos(t)')subplot(224)fplot('myfun',[-20 20])function Y=myfun(x)Y(:,1)=200*sin(x(:))./x(:);Y(:,2)=x(:).^2;三维曲线图%绘制三维曲线图figure(3)ezplot3('sin(t)','cos(t)','t',[0,6*pi])12．三维图形控制视点View图形旋转subplot(121)surf(peaks);title('旋转前图形'); subplot(122)h=surf(peaks); rotate(h,[1 0 1],180) title('旋转后图形');灯光效果%灯光效果(1)camlight(2)light(3)lightangle(4)lighting(5)material sphere;camlight色彩控制%色彩控制(1)缺省设置colordef、whitebg(2)色图colormap(3)浓淡处理shadingload flujetimage(X)colormap(jet)subplot(131)sphere(16)axis squareshading flattitle('Flat Shading') subplot(132)sphere(16)axis squareshading facetedtitle('Faceted Shading') subplot(133)sphere(16)axis squareshading interptitle('Interpolated Shading')。