名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1）专有名词 2）个体名词 3）集体名词 4）物质名词 5）抽象名词*抽象名词具体化（见附1）2、名词的数1）不可数名词 2）可数名词 3）集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4）只有复数形式的名词 5）单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1）’s所有格的构成 2）of所有格的构成 3）双重所有格*易混名词辨析（见附2）二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1）不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语：根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2）集合名词作主语3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形5）含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的：看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰：形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数：看被修饰的词 6）the+形容词作主语表一类人，用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念，用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
(完整版)英语语法 名词做主语时的主谓一致原则
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则一、如果主语是不可数名词，动名词，不定式或从句的时候，谓语动词用单数。
Smoking is not a good habit。
To live happily needs a lot of things。
What I said is true。
二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China。
Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients。
“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read。
如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each， every， many a/an， no的时候用单数名词。
Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with， together with,besides, as well as, but, except， no less than,rather than, more than， like, including, in addition to 的时候，谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother， together with his wife and children， was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible。
名词所有格与主谓一致
一、名词所有格1、表示有生命的名词的所有格(1)一般情况，在名词后加“’s ”。
例如：My brother’s bag , the boy’s mother(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在名词右上方加“’”。
例如：The workers’ club , the birds’ song(3)复合名词的所有格，在该复合名词词尾加“’s ”。
例如：Her son-in-law’s photo(4)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加上“’s ”；如果不是共有，两个名词后面都要加上“’s ”。
例如：Jane and Mary’s father （共有）Jane’s and Tom’s fathers （不共有）(5)在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。
例如：At Mr. Green’s 在格林先生家to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家At the tailor’s 在裁缝店at the doctor’s 在诊所2、表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示名词的所有关系。
例如：The gate of the school, the window of the roomThe contribution of science and technology(2)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“’s ”来构成所有格。
例如：Today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walkChina’s industry the station’s waiting room3、名词作定语修饰名词有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式，起修饰作用时也不表示所有关系，此类作定语的第一个名词大部分是对第二个名词进行分类，或是对第二个名词的属性，来源，时间，地点加以说明，这时可以用“名词(单数)+名词”构成。
例如：A flower garden a kitchen table a tooth brushA time table the room number a shoe shopA fashion magazine a trouser pocket a scissor sharpener4、双重所有格(1)双重所有格的结构将of属格和’s属格结合起来表示所有关系。
二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
二．名词和主谓一致1.名词的数（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品，著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
名词、代词及主谓一致
名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。
1）单数主语后面跟由with，along with，together with，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。
例如：The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，many a，more than one，one of等后面动词应用单数。
例如：One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。
而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用单数，例如：One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。
1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
常见的有：committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。
名词做主语时的主谓一致
• 10)复数形式的单复数同形名词做主语时，按意义 一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反 之，谓语用复数。 • 这类名词有:means（方法）works（工厂） species（种类, Chinese, Japanese等。 如 :The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。 • The (These) glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车场附近。 • 当他们面前有a，such a，this，that修饰时， 谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰 时，谓语用复数，但means，no means，the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数， 也可用作复数。
4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只 指商店，工厂，住宅等作主语时，谓语动词一般用 单数。 例如：The doctor’s is across the street.
常见的省略词有the baker’s ,the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主 语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或 工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式. 例如： glasses ,clothes ,trousers ,shoes ,
compasses ,chopsticks ,scissors 等
但如果主语用“a kind of ,a pair of ,a series of 等+名词”构成时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式。
crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party,词的使用情况类似。“a group (crowd）of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可 用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
名词和主谓一致
高考英语名词与主谓一致的测试热点提示高考英语名词的命题趋势是：在可数名词与不可数名词的辨析及名词的所有格测试基础上，加大了对近义词辨析的考查力度。
主谓一致的命题趋势是：要求考生正确判定常常被其他成份所修饰的句子主语。
考生应重点记住常见的不可数名词，如furniture, nature, space, wealth, information, news, knowledge, traffic等，同时要记住只能修饰不可数名词的数量词（如a great deal of, too much, a large amount of等）；对名词复数形式考生应先记住特殊的情形，如中学英语中以结尾变复数时加es 的名词一样只有以下四个，如negro, hero, tomato, potato.考生只要只要记住如此一个句子就能够够了：the negro hero plants tomatoes and potatoes.(黑人英雄种西红柿和马铃薯)；名词的所有格测试热点是名词修饰名词，一样来讲直接修饰就能够够了，如tea cup.名词复数的测试热点是两个名词连历时是不是同时变复数，一样来讲，变最后一个名词就能够够了，如girl students, 可是man, woman 是特例，前后都变复数，如men doctors, women teachers.主谓一致的测试热点是判定句子的主语及其单、复数形式，尤其是有as well as, together with修饰主语时，尽管翻译成中文主语是复数，但英文中主语仍然为单数时，谓语动词只能是单数形式；另外，有时主语尽管是复数，但在句中表示一个整体概念，谓语也得用单数形式，如A thousand dollars is a big number.有时一个名词做主语，即可表示单数，也可表示复数，要依照上下文意思判定，如family, rest, class等。
1 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meetthe deadline .A workB workingC is workingD are workingC professor Smith是句子的真正主语，短语along with his assistants是主语的修饰语，因此谓语要用单数第三人称。
英语的名词主谓一致性
英语的名词主谓一致性名词的主谓一致性是什么样子的呢?大家知道吗?接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的名词主谓一致性,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的名词主谓一致性1. 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系a) 由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时A and B分为以下四种情况：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Both the parents and the children are here.ii. A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.iii. And连接几个单数主语，主语由each、 every、 no、 many a等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数Each boy and each girl is invited.Every boy and girl is invited.No boy and no girl is there now.iv. A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn1 up.Bread and butter is nutritious2.b) 由or, not only… but also …, either… or …, neither… nor …连接主语时，谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致(注意，叙述句和疑问句随语序不同而不同)Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is naughty.Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.c) 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词的时候，谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和主语保持一致All but one were here just now.A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.2. 单一主语的情况a) 以复数形式结尾的统称名词作主语时，例如physics, maths, economics3, news, means4, works5, 等一般在谓语动词中用单数形式, 当然，若表示复数的意思则另当别论Physics is very important.Every means has been tried.b) 当由至少两个部分组成的工具的名称，或者衣服的名称等作主语时，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors6, goods, clothers等，谓语用复数形式;如果这些词由Pair(suit, piece, series,kind)+ of修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数My trousers are white and his clothes are black.A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 复数名词之后，谓语动词则用复数形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.3. 动名词，不定式，从句作主语的时候，谓语动词一般要用单数To see is to believe.Swimming is a good way to keep health.Who is her father is not known1.4. 集体名词作主语时a) mankind/humanity/man(人类)作主语的时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式Only man knows how to cook.b) 由people, police, cattle2, youth等集体名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式The cattle are grazing3 in the field.c) Family, croud, class, public, enemy等集体名词作主语的时候i. 若当整体看，则谓语动词用单数形式Our class is very diligent4.ii. 若他们表示的人或者事物当作若干个个体来看，谓语动词则用复数形式When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.iii. A family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数families/groups/classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数A group is coming to the zoo.5. 其他情况a) 主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式3 kilometers is not very far.Three times three makes nine.b) one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither + of + 复数名词谓语动词一般用单数形式，因为of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，of前面的one, every one … 才是主语Neither of them is right.Each of them has a slide.c) none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式none of + 可数名词——谓语动词单复均可None of that money in the desk is his.None of his classmates knows the truth.d) 分数或百分数 + of + 词组分数或百分数+ of +词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或者代词的数;若名词或代词是复数，谓语动词用复数，若名词或代词是单数，则谓语动词用单数Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea.Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.e) more than one +(单数名词)+单数动词more than two +(复数名词)+复数动词More than one white rose has bloomed.More than two white roses have bloomed.f) a (great) number of + 复数名词——用复数动词the number of + 任何名词——用单数动词A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.g) the + 形容词，表示一类人——谓语动词用复数the + 形容词，表示一类物——谓语动词用单数The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The beauty is here.h) every, any, some, no 构成的复合词someone, somebody, something ，no one, nobody, nothing everyone, everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything这些复合词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.Listen, someone is knocking at the door.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
5)以”辅音字母＋o”结尾的名词，加-es [iz] heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes. 大多数以o结尾的外来词，缩略词直接加-s. radios photos pianos zoos bamboos 有些以o结尾的名词有两种复数形式 zero-zeros/zeroes volcano-volcanos / volcanoes mosquito-mosquitos/mosquitoes[məs'ki:təu]
有的名词只有复数形式 • goods货物glasses眼镜compasses圆规 • thanks感谢clothes衣服remains遗物/遗体 • trousers裤子cattle牛police 警察arms武器
• ashes灰belongings所有物contents目录
• earnings工资收入outskirts郊区riches财富
常见不可数名词
advice 劝告 air空气 baggage行李trouble麻烦 behaviour 举止 bread 面包 butter 黄油 clothing衣服 damage损坏 dust尘土rice米 equipment设备furniture家具housework家务 glass玻璃harm损坏weather天气fun乐趣 honesty诚实grass草homework作业wealth财富 ice冰luck运气money钱information消息 news新闻paper纸knowledge知识sugar糖 soap肥皂progress进步traffic交通
7)以f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况： a)直接加-s. 一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾 (gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上 面有个保险箱(safe)。 b) 变f或fe 为-ves. 一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life) 危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife) 杀死了一只狼(wolf)
c) handkerchief的复数形式有两种。 handkerchiefs handkerchieves 手帕 scarfs scarves围巾;披巾;头巾 8)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s. 长元音后读[ðz];短元音和辅 音后读[θs] mouths [ðz] paths [ðz] months [θs]youths 均可 9)不规则变化 ① foot→feet脚 tooth- teeth牙齿 goose-geese child→ children 儿童 mouse→mice老鼠 ox-oxen公牛 medium-media媒体bacterium-bacteria细菌 datum-date数据analysis-analyses分析axis-axes轴心 basis-bases基础crisis-crises危机
⑤表示某人家、店铺的名词的所有格后面一般 省略它所修饰的名词 my aunt’s ( home） 我姑姑家 go to the teachers’ ( office）去老师办公室 at Mr Green`s 在格林先生家 at the doctor`s在诊所at the tailor`s 在裁缝店 ⑥以S结尾的专有名词若以读音/z/结尾，一般 在名词右上方加“`”也可加“`s”读音分别 为/z//iz/,若读音不为/z/,仍加“`s” Ross`s book
2.可数名词个体名词 (worker ,pen ,dog etc.) 集体名词 (family ,group ,police etc.) 运用原则：适当的冠词＋[C]或[pl]形式。 A horse is a kind of animals. The horse is a kind of animals. Horses run faster than donkeys.
an article of clothing/furniture 一套 a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers /scissors etc. two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc a bar of chocolate/soap 一条 a cake of soap 饼状 a loaf of bread 一条 a herd / head of cattle / deer / elephants 一群/头
⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。 silks fruits foods ⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用，也 不用复数。 Word came that he won the first prize 听说 keep/break one’s word守/失信 have a word/a few words with sb.与某人说几句话 have words with sb. 与某人吵嘴 leave word留言 in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说 word for/by word 逐字的 eat one`s word 认错，收回前言
复数名词的构成方式： 1) 名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后 读[z]. [s] [∫] [t∫] [d3] [z][3]后读[iz]. desks dogs apples days 2) 以-s , -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es[iz]. buses watches boxes classes * stomach [‘stʌmək] 所以直接加-s读[s] 3) 以“辅音＋y”结尾的名词，先把y变成i,再加上-es [iz]. factories countries cities babies 4) 以“元音＋y”结尾的名词，或以y结尾的专有名词 直接加-s[z].boys days Germans
５)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。 The United States is made up of 50 states. The United Nations has sent an official there. 但是， The Olympic Games are held every four years. 6）抽象名词由抽象概念变为具体的人或物，或被形容词 修饰使之具体化的时候表达的含义不同。 • youth青春a youth 一位青年youths年轻人们 • service服务services服务机构 • experience经验an experience 一段经历 • A useless of life is an early death.虚度年华无异于早 逝
• 3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可 以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等， 或动名词有了逻辑宾语时候，常与不定冠 词a(n)连用。 for a long time take a great interest live a hard life make a fire a great help a knowledge of grammar a love of freedom a hatred of invaders
下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用 advice weather knowledge homework progress fun news housework information furniture traffic 4)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。 coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡) glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯) man (人类) a man (男人) iron (铁) an iron (熨斗) room （空间） a room（房间） work （工作 a work（著作） paper （报纸） a paper（报社） hair （头发） hairs （几根头发）
②单复数同形。sheep deer fish (fishes可以 表示鱼类) goldfish*fish表示鱼肉只能用单数 crossroads十字路口head头 means方法 peacock孔雀series系列species种类 headquarters总部works工厂 yuan元等 ③表示“某国人”的名词。 中日友谊是一致(单复数同形) Chinese Japanese Swiss 英法联盟a改e Englishman Frenchman 其它一般加-s Germans Americans
④复合名词的复数只有中心词变化。 boy friends gold watches passers -by sisters -in-law man doctor men doctors woman singer women singers ⑤单数形式表示复数含义 cattle一般被十、百、千等整数修饰否则用 “数字+head of修饰 people ,police 一般被大于1的数词修饰
不可数名词使用的特殊情况： 1)如果不可数名词表示特指，则必须与定 冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。 The milk in the cup was bad. 2) 当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位 名词(量词)来表示其数量概念。 a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news/cake/cloth/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/ poetry/wood etc. .
特殊名词所有格
a bird`s-eye view 鸟瞰 a wolf in sheep`s clothing口蜜腹剑的人 at a snail`s pace 爬行的，缓慢的 at one`s wits` end 智穷计尽，不知所措 have sth. at one`s finger`s tips/ends 对某事了如指掌 in one`s mind`s eye 在想象中，在心目中 keep sb at arm`s length对某人保持距离 make a cat`s paw of sb利用某人 to one`s heart`s content 尽情的