高级英语修辞表达方式
高级英语修辞手法和各课举例
常用修辞手法：1. 比喻比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
例如：He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
2. 换喻(metonymy)用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。
如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。
His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
3. 提喻(synecdoche)指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。
例如：He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
高级英语修辞手法汇总
高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things精品文库better.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
高级英语修辞手法simile
1、生动形象的（明喻）英语辞格（明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
《文学词汇词典》（A ）对明喻是这样定义的：A , a . ( ) “” “”.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。
根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有（如），（像），（似乎），（好像），（好像），（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是“A B”或“A … B”。
在英语中应用得很广泛，用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象，简单明了，新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
先看引自《大学英语·精读》（笔者按：系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材( )中的《精读（ 1-6册）》[修订本]，上海外语教育出版社，1997。
下同）中的几个例子。
a a . （ 1, 3）支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天，满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿，至少给她寄一份生日礼物，最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。
此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望，就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧！这个明喻的比喻词是。
. ( 2, 10)对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样：没有它我们便不能开花生长。
作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用，赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要，对于我们来说是不可或缺的。
此句的比喻词也是。
, a a . ( 2, 4)他带着一种吃惊的，不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的列兵一样。
这句话传神地刻画出校长对于“我”这位求职者傲慢自大，不屑一顾的神气。
这句用的比喻词是。
英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻，闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。
这些谚语多数以和作比喻词。
《高级英语》复习资料 The Review of Advanced English2
The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。
《高级英语》课程中的修辞研究
《高级英语》课程中的修辞研究修辞是文学创作和语言表达中广泛运用的技巧和手段，旨在让语言更加富有感染力和表现力。
《高级英语》课程中的修辞研究主要包括四个方面的内容：修辞手法、修辞分析、修辞批评和修辞应用。
一、修辞手法修辞手法是修辞学研究的核心内容，也是学生必须掌握的基本技巧。
其中，最常用的修辞手法包括比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、排比等。
1.比喻：比喻是将两个本来没有任何关系的事物进行类比，以便更好地说明一个概念或情感。
比喻可以使语言更加形象、生动，让读者更容易理解和接受作者的观点。
2.拟人：拟人是将非人物化的事物赋予人的特征和行为，让读者觉得它们像人一样具有思维、感情和行动能力。
拟人可以让文本更加感人、有趣，让读者更加易于产生共鸣。
3.夸张：夸张是用过度强调或夸大的手法来表达某种情感或强调某个观点。
夸张可以让语言更有张力和感染力，让读者更加注意到作者的意图。
4.反语：反语是用相反的话来表达自己的意图，通常用于表达讽刺、讥笑、批评等意味。
反语可以使语言更加幽默、深刻，让读者更加有舒适感和启迪性。
5.排比：排比是用类似的结构和构造来重复表达一种思想或情感。
排比可以使语言更加流畅、有韵律，让读者更加容易记住和理解作者的意图。
二、修辞分析修辞分析是对文本中所使用的修辞手法进行细致分析和解释。
对于高级英语学生来说，掌握分析修辞的技能至关重要。
在修辞分析中，学生需要关注以下几个方面：1.修辞手法的类型和目的：学生需要明确修辞手法是哪种类型、用于什么目的。
2.修辞手法的具体表现：学生需要找出文本中哪些地方使用了该修辞手法。
3.修辞手法的效果：学生需要说明修辞手法的使用会带来什么效果，比如增强感染力、产生幽默效果、强化情感表达等等。
三、修辞批评修辞批评是对文本中所使用的修辞手法进行批评和评价。
在进行修辞批评时，学生需要注意以下几个方面：1.修辞手法是否恰当：学生需要评估该修辞手法是否适合用于该文本的情境，是否符合文本的语气、风格和主题。
(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
高级英语修辞
1.生动形象的Simile(明喻)英语词格simile（明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在此文学作品中尤其如此。
《文学词典》（A Dictionary of Literary Terms）对明喻是这样定义的：A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as toclarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as oppose to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words ―like‖ or ―as‖.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。
根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是大比方，既把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词语另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有as(如), like(像), seem(似乎), as if(好像), as though(好像), such as(像…..一样)等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用的很广泛，用以状、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象、简明明了、新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
先看引自《大学英语精读》（College English, 董亚芬总主编，下同）中的几个例子。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.(College English, Book 1, Unit 3)支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
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4. Irony: a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning.
1)After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dare to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
Examples:
Hi is now again seated in his usual sleepy corner. 他现在又坐在那个容易使他瞌睡的角落里。 He passed many an anxious hour in the train. 他在火车上度过了许多焦急不安的时光。 An awed hush fell upon the bystanders. 在场的人都惊得目瞪口呆。 Helen spoke with lazy calmness. The ploughman homeward plods his weary way…
That murderer has been put into the condemned cell. 那个杀人犯被投进了死囚牢房。 He crashed down on a protesting chair. 他一屁股坐了下来，椅子吱吱嘎嘎地响着，仿 佛是在提抗议似的。 On his sick bed he summoned his sons and daughters into his presence. 他在病床上把儿女们召唤到面前。 This new tendency has raised many a conservative eyebrow. 保守派人士的非难
Advanced English
Book One
The Trial That Rocked the Worlhniques & Language features
(I) Writing techniques:
1. Flashback: part of a film, play,etc. that shows a scene earlier in time than the main story
sleepless night cheerful sight three weary miles plods his weary way listen with openmouthed astonishment
3. Simile: a figure bof speech in which a similarity between two objects is directively expressed. 1) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. 2)The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Malone blew up in the little court in dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, …
2. Description of a debate: the oratorial debate between Darrow and Bryan
5) Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (also Hyperbole) 6) When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Btyan. 7) Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. 8) The oratorial storm that…, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.
Figures of Speech
transferred epithet（转移修饰）
A transferred epithet is, as its name implies, a figure of speech where an epithet (an adj or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong. Generally, the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.