高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练7
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题含答案解析1.What he said at the meeting surprised us all.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who答案解析：A。
本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句。
“What he said at the meeting”是主语从句，整个句子缺少一个连接词来引导主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
选项B“what”在主语从句中已经充当了宾语，不能再引导主语从句；选项C“which”一般引导定语从句；选项D“who”通常引导的是关于人的从句。
“That”在名词性从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，符合题意。
此句中“What he said at the meeting”是主语，“surprised”是谓语，“us all”是宾语。
分析此类句子结构时，先确定句子的主干，再分析从句在句子中的作用。
在写作中，可以运用这种长难句来增加文章的表达层次。
2.I don't know whether he will come or not.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when答案解析：C。
本题考查宾语从句中的连接词。
“whether...or not”是固定搭配，在宾语从句中表示“是否”。
选项A“that”在宾语从句中无实际意义，不表示“是否”；选项B“if”也可表示“是否”，但不能与“or not”连用；选项D“when”表示“什么时候”，不符合题意。
此句中“I don't know”是主句，“whether he will come or not”是宾语从句。
在写作中，可以用宾语从句来表达不确定的情况。
3.The question is who will be responsible for this project.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案解析：D。
本题考查表语从句。
“The question is”后面是表语从句，句子的意思是“问题是谁将负责这个项目”，所以连接词应该是“who”。
题型七概要写作
题型七概要写作Writing 1[2019浙江6月]高考真题阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
①Parents everywhere praise their kids. ②Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,"We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." ③By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think they’re building their children’s confidence,④when, in fact,it may be just the opposite. ⑤Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.第一段为整个语篇的"起",⑤表达了作者的真实意图,即本段的主旨"Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk."。
①Still,don’t go too far in the other direction. ②Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. ③Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.第二段为第一段的"转",指出另一个极端的危害"Not giving enough praise can be damaging."。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练4
Passage4Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability？1This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. 2 They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crasheswhere lives might be lost.3 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomousvehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delaythe driverless future.4 Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsi ble if there is a crash.5 “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt.6 It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.7 Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 8 “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.8 An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, i nsists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.9 But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. 10“When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know—no driver.”11 Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.12 Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. 13 That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.14 That would go down poorly in the US, however. 15“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsautonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj.自治的；自主的* liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ/ n.责任；债务；propose /prəˈpəʊz/ vi & vt.建议；提议* death valley死谷semi-autonomous 半自治的confusion /kənˈf juːʒn/ n.混乱; 混淆; 困惑* automate /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ vt.使自动化; 使自动操作public good公益事业get nowhere一事无成；无进展proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/ n.建议；提议；求婚二．参考译文Translation自动驾驶：谁该负责任？1本月，德国交通部长亚历山大.多布林德提出了第一套自动驾驶车辆法规。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练5
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练5Passage5Waiting1 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.2 But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?3 To understand the issue, let’s take a look at thr eetypes of “waits”.4 The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait.5 It is without doubt the mostannoying of all. 6 Take filling up the kitchen sink as an example. 7 There is absolutelynothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full.8 During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. 9 This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.10 A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. 11 This one requires a bit of discipline. 12 Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. 13 Directions are ve ry specific. 14“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”15 I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.16 After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.17 Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. 18 This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the mostpart voluntary. 19 Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.20 Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires fai th and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. 21 On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. 22 As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.23 We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.24 The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill w hile cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. 25 You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.一．单词和短语Words and expressionssink /s??k/ vt.使下沉vi.下沉n.水池; 洗涤槽; 污水坑counter /?ka?nt?/ n.柜台discipline /?d?s?pl?n/ n.纪律；训练vt.训练；惩罚* simmer /?s?m?/ vt. & vi. 炖optimist /??pt?m?st/ n.乐观主义者desperate /?desp?r?t/ adj.令人绝望的；极度渴望的；不顾一切的reveal /r??vi?l/ vt.显示；透露；揭露；泄露frustrating /fr??stre?t??/ adj.令人沮丧的二．参考译文Translation等待1我曾在某处读到过一句话：我们整整三分之一的生命都在等待中度过。
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练Passage 11The influence of social media on children1 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, amajor study warned.2 It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they getonline, often through “likes”. 3 Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on theweb.4 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s CommissionerAnne Longfield. 5 She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.6 Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.7 The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to deman d “likes” for their online posts.8 The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.9 Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. 10 However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.11 Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.12 She said, “Children are using socia l media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”13 As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.14 Miss Longfield added, “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”15 “For children it is very, very difficult to cope emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.16 However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.1718 However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friendsonline. 19 The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.20 The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield they faced online.21 And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. 22 They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.23 Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said, “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex educ ation lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social med ia.”24“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”一．单词和短语Words and expressionsself-worth /?self ?w?:θ/n. 自我价值感youngster /?j??st?/ n. 年轻人commissioner /k??mn?/ n. 专员; 委员ill-equipped /??l??kw?pt/ adj. 装备不良的tremendous /tr??mend?s/ adj. 巨大的; 极好的supposedly /s??p??z?dl?/ adv. 据称; 据传around the clock 昼夜不停地mean-spirited /?mi:n?sp?r?t?d/ adj.小气的; 小心眼的incompetence /?n?k?mp?t?ns/ n. 不胜任minefield /?ma?nfi?ld/ n. 布雷区; 充满隐伏危险的事物sign up 签约参加；报名参加charity /?t??r?t?/ n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体二．参考译文Translation社交媒体对孩子的影响1一项重要的研究警告称，年仅10岁的儿童为了获得自我价值感而变得依赖社交媒体。
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题(答案解析)
高三英语长难句分析与写作高级表达及语法综合结合练习题30题(答案解析)1.What impressed me most was his statement that he would never give up.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。
“that he would never give up”是同位语从句，解释说明“statement”的内容。
在写作中，同位语从句可以用来进一步解释说明某个名词，使句子更加丰富。
同位语从句的语法规则是：由that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
2.I have no idea when he will come back.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.where答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“that”引导的同位语从句通常解释说明抽象名词；选项C“what”引导宾语从句、主语从句等；选项D“where”引导地点状语从句。
“when he will come back”是同位语从句，解释说明“idea”的具体内容。
在写作中，用同位语从句表达不确定的时间，可以增加句子的准确性和丰富度。
同位语从句的语法规则同上。
3.The news that he won the first prize made us very happy.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案解析：B。
本题考查同位语从句。
选项A“which”引导定语从句；选项C“what”不能引导同位语从句；选项D“when”引导时间状语从句。
“that he won the first prize”是同位语从句，解释说明“news”的内容。
在写作中，同位语从句可以用来传达重要信息，增强句子的表现力。
2021届高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习10套
2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。
这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。
2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。
我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。
3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。
如：中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。
2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练8
Passage 8Should We Get Rid of Old Devices Timely？1 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style.2 That’s bad news for theenvironment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy thanthe newer ones that do the same things.3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs foreach product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. 4 This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. 5 Devices were grouped by generation. 6 Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. 7 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. 8 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.9 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old ones. 10“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.11 The average number of electronic devices rose from 4 per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 12 We’re not just keeping these old devices—We continue to use them. 13 According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.14 So what’s the solution? 15 The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 16 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsgo out of style 过时outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj.过时的；旧式的mine /maɪn/ n.矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷vt. & vi.开采* readout /ˈriːdaʊt/ n.读出on the scene 在场；出现；到场* cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. <电>(-)阴极；负极* cathode ray tube阴极射线管tablet /ˈtæblɪt/ n.碑；药片；写字板二．参考译文Translation我们应该及时摒弃旧设备吗？1我们可能认为，在我们的文化习惯中，我们一见到闪闪发光的新东西就会摒弃用旧了的技术产品，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用着它们。
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Passage 7The Importance of Vaccination1 Measles, which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearlywiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine. 2 Butthe disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement andmisinformation that is spreading quickly. 3 Already this year, 115 measles cases have beenreported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.4 The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.5 When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. 6This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccin ated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.7 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. 8 When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.9 That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.10 The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. 11 Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.12 Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. 13 Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption, sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.14 Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. 15 But no one does enough to limit exemptions.16 Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. 17 But personal opinions? Not good enough.18 Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.一．单词和短语Words and expressions* measles /ˈmiːzlz/ n. <医>麻疹;* vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗make a comeback 卷土重来* anti-vaccine movement 反疫苗运动misinformation /ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeʃn/ n. 错误信息* the leading edge 前缘；领先地位* herd immunity /hɜːd/ /ɪˈmjuːnɪtɪ/群体免疫a free ride免费搭车；占便宜；坐享其成selfishly /ˈselfɪʃlɪ/ adv.自私地；* opt /ɒpt/ vi. 选择* opt out 决定退出* exemption /ɪɡˈzempʃn/ n.免除二．参考译文Translation1通过广泛接种麻疹疫苗，麻疹于14年前几乎在美国绝迹（麻疹曾经致使每年平均有450名儿童丧命，更多的人残疾）。
2但由于越来越多的反疫苗运动和错误信息的迅速传播，这种疾病正在卷土重来。
3在美国，今年已有115例麻疹病例报告，而去年全年则为189例。
4这数字听起来可能很小，但它们已经是危险趋势的警戒线了。
5当疫苗接种率非常高时（如今这个国家的接种率总体上说仍然还算高的），每个人都受到保护。
6这被称为“群体免疫力”。
“群体免疫力”可以保护容易得病的人群，包括那些因医疗原因无法接种疫苗的人、年龄太小而无法接种疫苗的婴儿以及疫苗接种无效者。
7但是群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都加入时才有效。
8当其中一些人拒绝接种疫苗并企图坐享其成时，群体免疫力就会瓦解，每个人都陷入更高的风险中。
9这种情况正发生于全国各地的一些小型社区——比如，加州奥兰治县本月报告了22例麻疹；去年在布鲁克林的N.Y.,一个17岁孩子发病，引起了疾病的爆发。
10对疫苗的抵制持续了数十年。
这种抵制源于真实存在的但却非常小的接种风险。
11那些拒绝承担风险的人很自私地让别人遭了殃。
12更糟糕的是，一些州的法律使得人们有很大的自由可以选择不让那些上幼儿园的孩子接种本应该必须接种的疫苗。
13有17个州给予家长豁免权，有时只需要签署一份文件表明他们个人反对接种某种疫苗就可以了。
14现在，有几个州正在通过增加新的“退出”条件来加强法律制约。
15但没有一个州采取了充分的措施来限制豁免权。
16父母应该只能出于有限的医疗或宗教原因选择不接种。
17但个人意见呢？可不是个好理由。
18每个人都享受疫苗可以救命的好处，但只有每个人都分担风险，这好处才能实现。
三．理解Comprehension1．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD．information about measles spreads quickly2．Herd immunity works well when ____________.A．exemptions are allowedB．several vaccines are used togetherC．the whole neighborhood is involved inD．new regulations are added to the state laws3．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care.C．The features of measles itself. D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.四．阅读理解难点Difficulties in comprehension7 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. 8 When some refuse vaccination and seeka free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.根据上下文，这两句话中“some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride”的隐含之意是“有些人拒绝接种疫苗，并享受着这个群体中别人接种疫苗带来的好处——没有接种疫苗的人患病的风险因身边的人们接种了疫苗而降低。
According to the context, the implication of “some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride” is that some refuse vaccination and enjoy the benefits brought about by others’ vaccination——the risk for those unvaccinated reduced for the vaccination of people around them.五．用另一个单词或短语替换以下摘自本文的单词或短语。