2020高考语法专题12 特殊句式
2020届高考英语 精华知识点终极解密 专题12 省略句 新课标
2020;2020届新课标高考英语精华知识点终极解密专题12 省略句莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。
一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。
英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：A．避免重复，减少累赘。
省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。
-- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。
(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了) — What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么？—An apple. 一个苹果。
（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然）B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。
省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。
（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。
2020年语文文言文特殊句式
高考语文文言文特殊句式【技巧点拨】Ⅰ.熟练掌握文言文中常见的特殊句式文言特殊句式有判断句、被动句、省略句、倒装句、固定结构等几类。
判断句、被动句要从结构特征上去掌握，省略句则要联系上下文去推求省略的部分，倒装句要掌握宾语前置、状语后置、定语后置、主谓倒装的一般规律，固定句式则要熟练记住它们的习惯用法。
一、判断句定义：判断句是对事物的性质、情况、事物之间的关系做出肯定或否定判断的句子。
文言文判断句在主谓之间一般不用判断词“是”，判断词“是”一般都不是判断词，而是指示代词，作判断句的主语。
常见句式有如下几种：1．“……者，……也。
”这是文言文判断句中最常见的句式。
主语后用“者”，表示提顿，有舒缓语气的作用，谓语后用“也”结句，对主语加以肯定的判断和解说。
例：①师者，所以传道授业解惑也。
②廉颇者，赵之良将也。
③楚左尹项伯者，项羽季父也。
④今言“华”如“华实”之“华”者，盖音谬也。
⑤今所谓慧空禅院者，褒之庐冢也。
⑥吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私仇也。
2.“……，……也。
”判断句中，一般省略“者”，只用“也”表示判断。
例：①操虽托名汉相，其实汉贼也。
②和氏壁，天下所共传宝也。
③严大国之威以修敬也。
④徒慕君之高义也。
⑤今杀相如，终不能得璧也。
⑥君子生非异也，善假于物也。
3.“……者，……。
”主语后面用“者”表示停顿，而谓语后面不用“也”。
这种判断句式中的“者”不译，翻译时只在主语和谓语之间加判断词“是”。
例：①四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。
②粟者，民之所种。
4.“……者也”例：①北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。
②秦自缪公以来二十余君，未尝有坚明约束者也。
③沛公之参乘樊哙者也。
④莲，花之君子者也。
⑤晏子，齐之习辞者也。
⑥非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。
5.无标志判断句文言文中判断句有的没有任何标志，直接有名词对名词做出判断。
例：①刘备天下枭雄。
②刘豫州王室之胄。
③陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子。
④秦，虎狼之国。
高考教案英语总总结复习之特殊句式
实用标准文案专题12 特殊句式考纲展示命题探究考点一强调句根底点强调句型强调句型的陈述句形式：Itis/was＋被强调局部＋that/who＋其他成分。
被强调局部为“人〞时可用who/that ，被强调局部是“事物〞时用that。
It_isIwho/thatamright.( 强调主语)It_washimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.( 强调宾语)It_wasintheparkthatT omlosthiswatch.( 强调状语)特别提醒在强调句型中，要用that作连接词，而不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。
当被强调局部是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。
强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。
It_isourteacherwho/that_helpsusmakegreatprogress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
当被强调局部是主语且为代词时，要用主格形式。
It_was_I_who_put_forwardthetheoryfirst. 是我最先提出这个理论的。
强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit＋被强调局部＋that/who＋其他成分。
Was_itin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？Is_itProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish? 教你们英语的是王教授吗？文档大全实用标准文案(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/wasitthat ＋其他成分。
Who_was_it_thatbrokethewindow? 打破窗户的是谁？When_was_it_thatyoucalledmeyesterday?你昨天给我打是什么时候？特别提醒如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
Heaskedmewho_it_was_thattookhisumbrellabymistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。
2020高考英语精练 特殊句式+Word版单句语法填空含解析
特殊句式【考点集训】破考点练考向1.Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.答案did2.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.答案did3.If(accept)for the job,you’ll be informed soon.答案accepted4.by increasing the number of doctors by50percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.答案Only5.Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.答案did6.“Never for a second,”the boy says,“I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”答案did7.Video games can be a poor influence if(leave)in the wrong hands.答案left8.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.答案will9.The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,ever,reaching30℃in summer.答案if10.Little she care what she looks like;all she cares about is her job performance. 答案does11.Never before he seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.答案has12.It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.答案did14.So sudden(be)the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.答案was15.It’s nice.before have I had such a special drink!答案Never16.Absurd it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.答案as/though17.(2020届浙江杭州11月联考)There(be)many ways in which effective leaders can effectively manage their time.答案are18.was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.答案It19.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.答案that20.Bach died in1750,but it was not until the early19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.答案that21.It was the culture, rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案that22.It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.答案that23.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 答案that24.It was consistent love and kindness won a lifelong friendship.答案that25.It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.答案that26.It was only when I watched Inception a second time I had a better understanding of what it was talking about.答案that27.is it that he is not so friendly as he used to be?答案Why28.Mike didn’t understand it was that made his wife so upset this morning.答案what29.In any unsafe situation,simply(press)the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.答案press30.Give me a chance,I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.答案and31.(2020届浙江诸暨中学11月月考)Maureen stood by the lake.Suddenly from nowhere the other children running through the trees with sharp cries of excitement.答案came32.(2020届浙江名校协作体一模)Nobody knows exactly how much unsold stock is burnt annually by those fashion houses,do they understand its negative impacts on the environment.答案nor33.(2018浙江衢州三校联考)“It’s totally okay if it doesn’t make me step onto the stage of CCTV,”said a citizen in line when(ask)by the reporter.答案asked34.(2019浙江温州九校第一次联考)So sudden(be)the rain that people in the street were wet all over.答案was35.The ground is wet all over,so I’m sure it must have rained last night,it?答案didn’t36.(2020届浙江绿色评价联盟)It was in the flea market I bought two books for the coming semester from some graduates,who were full of passion for passing on their knowledge.答案that37.(2020届浙江宁波一模)According to the study,one’s job(do)have great effect on the time one goes to exercise.答案does38.(2019浙江名校协作体)Maybe it was Joseph’s firefighter training allowed him to think and act so quickly.答案that39.(2018北京师范大学附中期末,33)It was in the hotel he stayedI met him.答案where ,that40.(2020届浙江七彩阳光联盟联考)Although(serve)the same purpose of offering travelers a place to sleep,they have different features.答案serving二、综合语法填空Between the two teaching buildings1.___________(stand)our school library. It along with many other buildings, 2.________(be)very different from other schools’.But from the outside it looks very ordinary. Only when you go inside 3.________you see what's special about it. 4.________ are many books in the library, which are worth more than 20 million yuan. 5.______ large is the numberof the books that the average family can't afford them. Every student has access to it. Our teacher often tells us, “6.______(make)good use of the library, or you will regret after graduation.”Our library is still a multi-functional building with two computer rooms, four reading rooms and a meeting room. Not only can the students read the books they like, 7.______also they can enjoy surfing the internet. It is in these two reading rooms8._______ students spend such a happy weekend. Of course, there are still many students who make full use of the library to read as much as they can, and9.________ is not until the lights go out that they leave every day. 10._______diligent students they are! In addition, sometimes, a lecture will be in the conference room, which will enrich students' life.答案1.stands2.is3.can4.There5.So6.Make7.but8.that9.it10.What三、短文改错①As we all known, classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their dreams. ②However, there are some students not using class proper, which makes things go from bad to worse. ③For example, some students played mobile phones or sleep in class, ④wasting plenty of precious times. ⑤What's worse, some students enjoy chat with others. ○6Not onl y it af fect their own study, but it also does harm to others.As far as I am concern, ○7the main reason is because they don't realize the importance of study.○8To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making the full use of class○9is the best way to improving the efficiency of study. ○10After all, time and tide waits for no man.做题要求：每个数字后的句子都有一个错误，只将正确的词写下来即可；增加或删除的词，也只将增减或删除的词下来即可，不用要语言陈述。
(山东专用)2020版高考英语复习专题十二特殊句式课件外研版
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!=How clever a boy he is! 多聪明的男孩儿呀! What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花呀! What sweet water it is! 多么甜的水呀! How high the mountain is! 这山真高呀! How fast he runs! 他跑得真快呀!
考点二 省略 单句填空
语境运用
1.If accepted (accept) for the job,you'll be informed soon.
答案 accepted 句意:如果这个工作你被录取,你将很快被通知。本题 考查状语从句的省略。完整的句子为:If you are accepted for the job,you' ll be informed soon.。
考点三 倒装 (一)完全倒装
单句填空
语境运用
1.Now, just in front of the house stands (stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
答案 stands 句意:现在,就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史 的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,后面的主 语、谓语部分需用完全倒装形式;根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用 一般现在时;本句主语为第三人称单数,故填stands。
明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班车。 He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a note. 那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话,给他留个便条。 (二)定语从句中的省略现象 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略;当先 行词是time(次数),reason,place时,关系词that和why,where也可以省去。 This is the first time(that)I've acted on the stage. 这是我第一次登台演出。
2020年高考英语全国卷12长难句分析
2020年高考英语全国卷12长难句分析(原文)And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice inher own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack,11、(译文)这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子山姆，13岁的芬恩，和11岁的杰克准备膳食。
(分析)这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。
宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what shes learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack,11是-ing形式做伴随状语。
2 (全国卷1阅读C)(原文)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot,wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers、 (译文)一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。
(分析)这是一个复合句，句中that引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages和lots。
同时while在句中做并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。
2020届高考语文文言文特殊句式之状语后置
状语后置
一、“于XX”结构的状语后置。这也是文言中最为常见 的状语后置。
例：青出于蓝，而青于蓝。（《劝学》） 翻译：青是从蓝草里提炼出来的，但颜色比蓝深。 例：佚之狐言于郑伯（《烛之武退秦师》） 翻译：佚之狐对郑伯说 例：皆以美于徐公。（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》） 翻译：他们都认为我比徐公美丽
高考真题检测
2015安徽卷 《御史梁皙次先生传》 （1）出知西安之咸宁，誓于神，不以一钱自污。
动词+于、乎、以、如
2015浙江卷 《太平州学记》 （1）今吾州内外之事略定，孰先于此者？
高考真题检测
2014（浙江卷） 《欧阳行周文集序》 （2）又性颇嗜诱进後生，推拔于寒素中，惟恐不及。（4分）
动词+于、乎、以、如
状语后置
在文言中，是不是所有作状语的介宾短语都要后置呢？
1、王好战，请以战喻。（《寡人之于国也》） 翻译：大王喜欢打仗，请让我拿打仗作比喻。 2、于其身也，则耻师焉。（《师说》） 翻译：对于自身的学习，却以从师学习为耻。
状语后置小结
动词+于、乎、以、如
“于” 独门助记口诀： 在这里，由于“到”路曲折，从“被” 后和向对面过来 比较快。
状语后置
二、“乎XX”结构的状语后置。例如： 1、生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之。《师说》 翻译：在我之前出生的人，他们听闻见识事情也本来比我早， 我就跟随他们，把他们当作老师 2、相与枕藉乎舟中。《赤壁赋》 翻译：(苏轼和友人)一起在船里相互靠着睡着了
状语后置
三、“以XX”结构的状语后置。 1、申之以孝悌之义。（《寡人之于国也》）
2014（安徽卷） 《朱先生筠行状》 （1）先生以为经学本于文字训诂，刊布许氏《说文》于安徽 以教士。
2020届高考语文文言文特殊句式之宾语前置
宾语前置之复指
用“之”、“是”作标志的宾语前置，把宾语提到动词前， 以加重语气。
格式 主＋宾＋之(是)＋动
1、句读之不知，惑之不解。《师说》 译文：不懂得断句，不明白疑难问题
宾语前置之复指
2、宋何罪之有？
《墨子·公输》
翻译：宋国有什么罪过？
3、唯陈言之务去
《答李翊书》
理解：只是务必除去陈旧的话
2、秦人不暇自哀
《阿房宫赋》
翻译：秦人来不及哀叹自己
3、忌不自信
《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》
翻译：邹忌不相信自己
4、然而不王者，未之有也。 《齐桓晋文之事》
翻译：这样还不能称王天下，没有这样的事。
格式： 主＋否定词［不、未、Байду номын сангаас、莫、毋、弗］＋［余、吾、尔、 自、之、是］＋动
宾语前置之否定句小结
必须具备两个条件 第一，宾语必须是代词 第二，全句必须是否定句
高考真题检测
2015课标2卷 《北史来护儿传》 （2）不能肃淸凶逆，遂令王室至此，抱恨泉壤，知复何言！
1、疑问句、否定句，代词做宾语 2、字字对译，调整语序
2015天津卷 《昔者楚欲攻宋》 （1）必不得宋，又且为不义，曷为攻之？（3分）
高考真题检测
2014重庆 《记丐侠》 1.是区区者，何难之有？吾侪愿尽力焉，沿途以行乞所得供 先生食。
1、疑问句、否定句，代词做宾语 2、字字对译，调整语序
2000年上海卷 《齐桓公逐白鹿》 使吾君固寿，金玉之贱，人民是宝。
高考真题检测
2012四川 《镇海县志》 （1）世即用我，而我奚以为用？（3分）
1、疑问句、否定句，代词做宾语 2、字字对译，调整语序
宾语前置知识点补充
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实战演练
5. Call me tomorrow you know the lab result.
I’ll let
高考语法专题
[答案] and 句意:明天给我打电话,我 就可以告诉你试验的结果。本句是“祈 使句+and/or+陈述句”结构,根据句意可 知前后分句之间是顺承关系,故填and。
实战演练
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4. [2015·北京卷变式] If
(accept) for
the job, you’ll be informed soon.
[答案] accepted 从句的主语 和主句的主语you一致,并且 主语和动作accept之间是被 动的关系,因此用过去分词表 示。前面的句子补充完整后 为If you are accepted…,是省 略主语和be动词的条件状语 从句。
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2. [2016·全国卷Ⅱ] …whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
[答案] make 句意:无论什么样 的事,务必确保它是释放日常压 力而非另一件令人担忧的事情。 分析句式可知,此句的主句部分 是祈使句,故用动词原形make。
实战演练
8. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that (make) life happy.
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[考温馨点提归示纳] ①强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他
部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 ②如果原句中含有“not…until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同 状语一起提前。 ③强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词 +is/was+it+that从句”。 ④do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时 和一般过去时的肯定句中。
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考点一 强调 ①It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours. 正是当我回到我的公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。 ②Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫于1750年去世,但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。 ③When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定修这门课程的?
实战演练
7. Some of you may have finished Unit
One. If
, you can go on to Unit
Two.
高考语法专题
[答案] that/so 句意:你们中的一些 人可能已经完成了第一单元, 如果是 那/这样的话, 你们可以继续第二单 元。此处是一个省略句,if that/so 相 当于if you have done that/so。
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⑤考no点t o归nly纳…but also…连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用
部分倒装。 ⑥hardly…when…;no sooner…than…;scarcely…when…“刚…… 就……”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主 句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
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考考点点三 归 纳感叹句
规则1 what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
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①考Wh点at归a s纳trange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
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高考链接
1. [2018·天津卷变式] It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
[答案] that 考查强调句式。本句强调 的是only when引导的时间状语从句。 根据强调句的结构“It is/was+被强调的 部分+that+剩余部分”可知填that。句 意:当汽车停在我们的房子前时,我们 才看见乘客座上坐的是莉莉。
高考语法专题
实战演练
3. It was not until I came here
I
realized this place was famous, for not only
its beauty but also its weather.
[答案] that 考查强调句。把it was及空格去掉,可转换为一个完 整的句子,因此此句是强调句,根 据not…until…强调句型的结构“It was not until…that…”可知填that。
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规考则点2 归部纳分倒装
①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历真正的困难时,他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。 ②—It’s nice. Never before have I had such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. “太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料!” “你喜欢,我很高兴”。 ③So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎 没法想象它的速度。
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3. [2016·江苏卷变式] Not until recently they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.
[答案] did 句意:直到最近他们才 鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活 动。根据句首的not until recently可 知,本句要用部分倒装形式, encourage表示的动作已经发生,故 用一般过去时。
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5. [2015·湖南卷变式] Always
(keep) in
mind that your main task is to get this company
running smoothly.
高考语法专题
[答案] keep 这是一个完整 的句子,而that引导的是宾语 从句,因此只能是祈使句。 故用动词原形。句意:永远 记住,你的主要任务就是让 这个公司平稳运行。
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[考温馨点提归示纳] 常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:
①表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。 ②若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。 ③there be句型:其中be动词有时可用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替,谓语动词用就近原则。
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[考温馨点提归示纳] ①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时句子使用部分
倒装。 ②否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短 语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置 于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。 ③表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系 动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。 ④在so…that…和such…that…句式中,如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句 中需要部分倒装。
这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。 ②What lovely weather we have been having these days! 这几天我们所有的天气是那么好!
高考o纳w引导的感叹句
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How+主语+谓语!
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考考点点二归纳倒装
规则1 完全倒装 ①Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood. 公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人,浑身是血。 ②Down jumped the robber from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. 当警察把枪对准他的时候,强盗从楼顶跳了下来。 ③Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。