2020高考山东卷
2020年高考新高考卷山东省化学试题(答案解析)

2020年⾼考新⾼考卷⼭东省化学试题(答案解析)2020年⾼考新⾼考卷⼭东省化学试题⼀、填空题1、CdSnAs2是⼀种⾼迁移率的新型热电材料,回答下列问题:(1)Sn为ⅣA族元素,单质Sn与⼲燥Cl2反应⽣成SnCl4。
常温常压下SnCl4为⽆⾊液体,SnCl4空间构型为_____________,其固体的晶体类型为_____________。
(2)NH3、PH3、AsH3的沸点由⾼到低的顺序为_____________(填化学式,下同),还原性由强到弱的顺序为____________,键⾓由⼤到⼩的顺序为_____________。
(3)含有多个配位原⼦的配体与同⼀中⼼离⼦(或原⼦)通过螯合配位成环⽽形成的配合物为螯合物。
⼀种Cd2+配合物的结构如图所⽰,1mol该配合物中通过螯合作⽤形成的配位键有_________mol,该螯合物中N的杂化⽅式有__________种。
(4)以晶胞参数为单位长度建⽴的坐标系可以表⽰晶胞中各原⼦的位置,称作原⼦的分数坐标。
四⽅晶系CdSnAs2的晶胞结构如图所⽰,晶胞棱边夹⾓均为90°,晶胞中部分原⼦的分数坐标如下表所⽰。
坐标x y z原⼦Cd 0 0 0Sn 0 0 0.5As 0.25 0.25 0.125⼀个晶胞中有_________个Sn,找出距离Cd(0,0,0)最近的Sn_________(⽤分数坐标表⽰)。
CdSnAs2晶体中与单个Sn键合的As有___________个。
⼆、选择题2、实验室中下列做法错误的是A. ⽤冷⽔贮存⽩磷B. ⽤浓硫酸⼲燥⼆氧化硫C. ⽤酒精灯直接加热蒸发⽫D. ⽤⼆氧化碳灭⽕器扑灭⾦属钾的燃烧3、下列叙述不涉及氧化还原反应的是A. ⾕物发酵酿造⾷醋B. ⼩苏打⽤作⾷品膨松剂4、短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原⼦序数依次增⼤,基态X原⼦的电⼦总数是其最⾼能级电⼦数的2倍,Z可与X形成淡黄⾊化合物Z2X2,Y、W最外层电⼦数相同。
2020年高考英语新高考山东卷(含答案)

绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新高考卷I)英语注意事项:1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选杼题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交冋。
第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
APOETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A. A plane ticket.B. A book by Corinne Szabo.C. A special T-shirt.D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. Typing your poem out.B. Writing a poem of 120 words.C. Using both sides of the paper.D. Mailing your entry on October 30.BJennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph^ Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family - and that’s pretty powerful.4. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jennifer’s story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.CIn the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine andvivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends’ invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to regain health.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissel l’s road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerous.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.DAccording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took, significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the 4iMl have what she, s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eatsa lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东)(原创解析-尚元丰)

2020年新高考Ⅰ卷(山东卷)【解析】(作者:尚元丰)一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
图1为某区域滑坡与地貌演化关系示意图。
读图完成1~2题。
1.推断图中滑坡体的滑动方向为()A .由北向南B .由西向东C .由西北向东南D .由东北向西南2.图中序号所示地理事象形成的先后顺序是()A .②③④①B .②①③④C .③①④②D .③②①④【答案】1.C2.D【解析】本题考查地图阅读能力。
1.难度-偏难。
根据古堰塞湖形状判断河流向北流,再结合滑坡体边界形状排除A、D。
最后结合指向标,择优选择C。
本题疑难之处在于,现在河流为什么不在滑坡边界处而在滑坡面附近,这可能是滑坡体流性强,滑至东南侧阶地处受阻而抬高,倒致滑坡面附近反而地势变低。
2.难度-偏难。
首先有古河道③,然后发生滑坡,滑坡体受阶地阻挡抬高并掩埋部分阶地②,然后河流受阻水位不断抬高形成堰塞湖①,湖水水位抬高到一定程度后外泄,形成现在的河流④。
所以选D。
家住北方某县的小王夫妇,效仿村里一些年轻人的做法,在自家5亩耕地上栽植了杨树后就外出打工了。
八年后,小王夫妇将已成材的杨树出售,获利24000元。
与原来种植粮食作物、蔬菜等相比,这些收入虽不丰厚,但他们还算满意。
据调查,该县耕地上栽植杨树的面积约占耕地总面积的10%,这种“农地杨树化”现象引起了有关专家的高度关注。
据此完成3~4题。
3.当地“农地杨树化”的主要原因是()A .生态效益高B .木材销路好C .劳动投入少D .种树有补贴4.针对“农地杨树化”引起的问题,可采取的措施是()A .加大开荒力度B .增加木材进口C .增加粮食进口D .鼓励农地流转【答案】3.C 4.D【解析】本题考查现阶段农村农业方面出现问题及解决措施。
3.难度-简单。
“农地杨树化”现象比较普遍,主要原因有:与打工相比种粮收益不高;种粮投入的劳动力多(耕、种、管、收、晒、存等),而种植杨树不需要投入过多劳动,可以省下来时间外出务工,又不耽误杨树生长。
2020年高考数学山东卷 试题+答案详解

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合A ={x |1≤x ≤3},B ={x |2<x <4},则A ∪B =()A.{x |2<x ≤3} B.{x |2≤x ≤3} C.{x |1≤x <4} D.{x |1<x <4}2.2i12i-=+()A.1B.−1C.iD.−i3.6名同学到甲、乙、丙三个场馆做志愿者,每名同学只去1个场馆,甲场馆安排1名,乙场馆安排2名,丙场馆安排3名,则不同的安排方法共有()A.120种B.90种C.60种D.30种4.日晷是中国古代用来测定时间的仪器,利用与晷面垂直的晷针投射到晷面的影子来测定时间.把地球看成一个球(球心记为O ),地球上一点A 的纬度是指OA 与地球赤道所在平面所成角,点A 处的水平面是指过点A 且与OA 垂直的平面.在点A 处放置一个日晷,若晷面与赤道所在平面平行,点A 处的纬度为北纬40°,则晷针与点A 处的水平面所成角为()A.20° B.40° C.50° D.90°5.某中学的学生积极参加体育锻炼,其中有96%的学生喜欢足球或游泳,60%的学生喜欢足球,82%的学生喜欢游泳,则该中学既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例是()A.62% B.56% C.46% D.42%6.基本再生数R 0与世代间隔T 是新冠肺炎的流行病学基本参数.基本再生数指一个感染者传染的平均人数,世代间隔指相邻两代间传染所需的平均时间.在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段,可以用指数模型:(e )rt I t =描述累计感染病例数I (t )随时间t (单位:天)的变化规律,指数增长率r 与R 0,T 近似满足R 0=1+rT .有学者基于已有数据估计出R 0=3.28,T =6.据此,在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段,累计感染病例数增加1倍需要的时间约为(ln2≈0.69)()A.1.2天 B.1.8天 C.2.5天 D.3.5天7.已知P 是边长为2的正六边形ABCDEF 内的一点,则AP AB ⋅的取值范围是()A.()2,6- B.(6,2)- C.(2,4)- D.(4,6)-8.若定义在R 的奇函数f (x )在(,0)-∞单调递减,且f (2)=0,则满足(10)xf x -≥的x 的取值范围是()A.[)1,1][3,-+∞B.3,1][,[01]--C.[1,0][1,)-+∞ D.[1,0][1,3]- 二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得3分.9.已知曲线22:1C mx ny +=.()A.若m >n >0,则C 是椭圆,其焦点在y 轴上B.若m =n >0,则CC.若mn <0,则C 是双曲线,其渐近线方程为y =D.若m =0,n >0,则C 是两条直线10.下图是函数y =sin(ωx +φ)的部分图像,则sin(ωx +φ)=()A.πsin(3x +B.πsin(2)3x - C.πcos(26x +)D.5πcos(2)6x -11.已知a >0,b >0,且a +b =1,则()A.2212a b +≥B.122a b-> C.22log log 2a b +≥- D.≤12.信息熵是信息论中的一个重要概念.设随机变量X 所有可能的取值为1,2,,n ,且1()0(1,2,,),1ni i i P X i p i n p ===>==∑ ,定义X 的信息熵21()log ni i i H X p p ==-∑.()A.若n =1,则H (X )=0B.若n =2,则H (X )随着1p 的增大而增大C.若1(1,2,,)i p i n n== ,则H (X )随着n 的增大而增大D.若n =2m ,随机变量Y 所有可能的取值为1,2,,m ,且21()(1,2,,)j m j P Y j p p j m +-==+= ,则H (X )≤H (Y )三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.的直线过抛物线C :y 2=4x 的焦点,且与C 交于A ,B 两点,则AB =________.14.将数列{2n –1}与{3n –2}的公共项从小到大排列得到数列{a n },则{a n }的前n 项和为________.15.某中学开展劳动实习,学生加工制作零件,零件的截面如图所示.O 为圆孔及轮廓圆弧AB 所在圆的圆心,A 是圆弧AB 与直线AG 的切点,B 是圆弧AB 与直线BC 的切点,四边形DEFG 为矩形,BC ⊥DG ,垂足为C ,tan ∠ODC =35,BH DG ∥,EF =12cm ,DE=2cm ,A 到直线DE 和EF 的距离均为7cm ,圆孔半径为1cm ,则图中阴影部分的面积为________cm 2.16.已知直四棱柱ABCD –A1B 1C 1D 1的棱长均为2,∠BAD =60°.以1D 为半径的球面与侧面BCC 1B 1的交线长为________.四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分。
2020年高考真题 物理(山东卷)(含解析版)

2020年山东省新高考物理试卷试题解析一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.解:A、由于s﹣t图象的斜率表示速度,由图可知在0~t1时间内速度增加,即乘客的加速度向下运动,根据牛顿第二定律得:mg﹣F N=ma,解得:F N=mg﹣ma,则F N<mg,处于失重状态,故A错误;B、在t1~t2时间内,s﹣t图象的斜率保持不变,所以速度不变,即乘客匀速下降,则F N=mg,故B错误;CD、在t2~t3时间内,s﹣t图象的斜率变小,所以速度减小,即乘客的减速下降,根据牛顿第二定律得:F N﹣mg=ma,解得:F N=mg+ma,则F N>mg,处于超重状态,故C 错误,D正确;故选:D。
2.解:根据电流的定义式:I=该段时间内产生的电荷量为:q=It=5.0×10﹣8×3.2×104C=1.6×10﹣3C根据衰变方程得:→+,可知这段时间内发生β衰变的氚核H的个数为:==1.0×1016,故B正确,ACD错误。
故选:B。
3.解:由于玻璃对该波长光的折射率为n=1.5,则光在该玻璃中传播速度为:v =光从S到S1和到S2的时间相等,设光从S1到O点的时间为t1,从S2到O点的时间为t2,O点到S2的距离为L,则有:t1=+t2=光传播的时间差为:△t=t1﹣t2=﹣=,故A正确、BCD错误。
故选:A。
4.解:AB、因x=λ处质点的振动方程为y=Acos(t),当t=T时刻,x=λ处质点的位移为:y=Acos(×)=0,那么对应四个选项中波形图x=λ的位置,可知,AB选项不符合题意,故AB错误;CD、再由波沿x轴负方向传播,依据微平移法,可知,在t=T的下一时刻,在x=λ处质点向y轴正方向振动,故D正确,C错误;故选:D。
5.解:输入端a、b所接电压u随时间t的变化关系如图乙所示,可知,输入电压U1=220V,依据理想变压器电压与匝数关系式:,且n1:n2=22:3解得:U2=30V由于灯泡L的电阻恒为R=15Ω,额定电压为U=24V.因能使灯泡正常工作,那么通过灯泡的电流:I==A=1.6A那么定值电阻R1=10Ω两端电压为:U′=U2﹣U=30V﹣24V=6V依据欧姆定律,则有通过其的电流为:I′==A=0.6A因此通过定值电阻R2=5Ω的电流为:I″=1.6A﹣0.6A=1A由于定值电阻R2与滑动变阻器串联后与定值电阻R1并联,那么定值电阻R2与滑动变阻器总电阻为:R′==Ω=6Ω因定值电阻R2=5Ω,因此滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻应为:R滑=6Ω﹣5Ω=1Ω综上所述,故A正确,BCD错误;故选:A。
2020年山东高考数学试卷(详细解析版)

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考全国一卷(山东卷)数学注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.设集合{|13}A x x =≤≤,{|24}B x x =<<,则A B =A .{|23}x x <≤B .{|23}x x ≤≤C .{|14}x x ≤<D .{|14}x x <<答案:C解析:利用并集的定义可得{|14}A B x x =≤< ,故选C.2.2i 12i -=+A .1B .−1C .iD .−i 答案:D 解析:222i (2i)(12i)(22)(41)i i 12i 125----+--===-++,故选D3.6名同学到甲、乙、丙三个场馆做志愿者,每名同学只去1个场馆,甲场馆安排1名,乙场馆安排2名,丙场馆安排3名,则不同的安排方法共有A .120种B .90种C .60种D .30种答案:C解析:不同的安排方法有123653C C C 60⋅⋅=4.日晷是中国古代用来测定时间的仪器,利用与晷面垂直的晷针投射到晷面的影子来测定时间.把地球看成一个球(球心记为O ),地球上一点A 的纬度是指OA 与地球赤道所在平面所成角,点A 处的水平面是指过点A 且与OA 垂直的平面.在点A 处放置一个日晷,若晷面与赤道所在平面平行,点A 处的纬度为北纬40°,则晷针与点A 处的水平面所成角为A .20°B .40°C .50°D .90°答案:B 解析:因为晷面与赤道所在平面平行,晷针垂直晷面,所以晷针垂直赤道所在平面,如图所示,设AB 表示晷针所在直线,且AB OB ⊥,AC 为AB 在点A 处的水平面上的射影,则晷针与点A 处的水平面所成角为BAC ∠,因为OA AC ⊥,AB OB ⊥,所以BAC AOB ∠=∠,由已知40AOB ∠=︒,所以40BAC ∠=︒,故选B5.某中学的学生积极参加体育锻炼,其中有96%的学生喜欢足球或游泳,60%的学生喜欢足球,82%的学生喜欢游泳,则该中学既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例是A .62%B .56%C .46%D .42%答案:C解析:既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例=60%+82%-96%=46%,故选C6.基本再生数R 0与世代间隔T 是新冠肺炎的流行病学基本参数.基本再生数指一个感染者传染的平均人数,。
2020年山东省新高考数学试卷(新高考)含解析

2020年⼭东省新⾼考数学试卷⼀、选择题:本题共8⼩题,每⼩题5分,共40分。
在每⼩题给出的四个选项中,只有⼀项是符合题⽬要求的。
1.(5分)设集合A={x|1≤x≤3},B={x|2<x<4},则A∪B=()A.{x|2<x≤3}B.{x|2≤x≤3}C.{x|1≤x<4}D.{x|1<x<4} 2.(5分)=()A.1B.﹣1C.i D.﹣i3.(5分)6名同学到甲、⼄、丙三个场馆做志愿者,每名同学只去1个场馆,甲场馆安排1名,⼄场馆安排2名,丙场馆安排3名,则不同的安排⽅法共有()A.120种B.90种C.60种D.30种4.(5分)⽇晷是中国古代⽤来测定时间的仪器,利⽤与晷⾯垂直的晷针投射到晷⾯的影⼦来测定时间.把地球看成⼀个球(球⼼记为O),地球上⼀点A的纬度是指OA与地球⾚道所在平⾯所成⻆,点A处的⽔平⾯是指过点A且与OA垂直的平⾯.在点A处放置⼀个⽇晷,若晷⾯与⾚道所在平⾯平⾏,点A处的纬度为北纬40°,则晷针与点A处的⽔平⾯所成⻆为()A.20°B.40°C.50°D.90°5.(5分)某中学的学⽣积极参加体育锻炼,其中有96%的学⽣喜欢⾜球或游泳,60%的学⽣喜欢⾜球,82%的学⽣喜欢游泳,则该中学既喜欢⾜球⼜喜欢游泳的学⽣数占该校学⽣总数的⽐例是()A.62%B.56%C.46%D.42%6.(5分)基本再⽣数R0与世代间隔T是新冠肺炎的流⾏病学基本参数.基本再⽣数指⼀个感染者传染的平均⼈数,世代间隔指相邻两代间传染所需的平均时间.在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段,可以⽤指数模型:I(t)=e rt描述累计感染病例数I(t)随时间t(单位:天)的变化规律,指数增⻓率r与R0,T近似满⾜R0=1+rT.有学者基于已有数据估计出R0=3.28,T=6.据此,在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段,累计感染病例数增加1倍需要的时间约为()(ln2≈0.69)A.1.2天B.1.8天C.2.5天D.3.5天7.(5分)已知P是边⻓为2的正六边形ABCDEF内的⼀点,则•的取值范围是()A.(﹣2,6)B.(﹣6,2)C.(﹣2,4)D.(﹣4,6)8.(5分)若定义在R的奇函数f(x)在(﹣∞,0)单调递减,且f(2)=0,则满⾜xf(x ﹣1)≥0的x的取值范围是()A.[﹣1,1]∪[3,+∞)B.[﹣3,﹣1]∪[0,1]C.[﹣1,0]∪[1,+∞)D.[﹣1,0]∪[1,3]⼆、选择题:本题共4⼩题,每⼩题5分,共20分。
2020年高考真题 物理(山东卷)(原卷版)

2020年山东省新高考物理试卷一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.(3分)一质量为m的乘客乘坐竖直电梯下楼,其位移s与时间t的关系图象如图所示。
乘客所受支持力的大小用F N表示,速度大小用v表示。
重力加速度大小为g。
以下判断正确的是()A.0~t1时间内,v增大,F N>mgB.t1~t1时间内,v减小,F N<mgC.t2~t3时间内,v增大,F N<mgD.t2~t3时间内,v减小,F N>mg2.(3分)氚核H发生β衰变成为氦核He.假设含氚材料中H发生β衰变产生的电子可以全部定向移动,在3.2×104s时间内形成的平均电流为5.0×10﹣8A.已知电子电荷量为1.6×10﹣19C,在这段时间内发生β衰变的氚核H的个数为()A.5.0×1014B.1.0×1016C.2.0×1016D.1.0×10183.(3分)双缝干涉实验装置的截面图如图所示。
光源S到S1、S2的距离相等,O点为S1、S2连线中垂线与光屏的交点。
光源S发出的波长为λ的光,经S1出射后垂直穿过玻璃片传播到O点,经S2出射后直接传播到O点,由S1到O点与由S2到O点,光传播的时间差为△t.玻璃片厚度为10λ,玻璃对该波长光的折射率为1.5,空气中光速为c,不计光在玻璃片内的反射。
以下判断正确的是()A.△t=B.△t=C.△t=D.△t=4.(3分)一列简谐横波在均匀介质中沿x轴负方向传播,已知x=λ处质点的振动方程为y=Acos(t),则t=T时刻的波形图正确的是()A.B.C.D.5.(3分)图甲中的理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比n1:n2=22:3,输入端a、b所接电压u随时间t的变化关系如图乙所示。
灯泡L的电阻恒为15Ω,额定电压为24V.定值电阻R1=10Ω、R2=5Ω,滑动变阻器R的最大阻值为10Ω.为使灯泡正常工作,滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻应调节为()A.1ΩB.5ΩC.6ΩD.8Ω6.(3分)一定质量的理想气体从状态a开始,经a→b、b→c、c→a三个过程后回到初始状态a,其p﹣V图象如图所示。
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2020年新高考全国1卷(山东卷)
时间:2020年7月7日 命题教师:教育部考试中心 班级: 姓名
一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的.)
1. 设集合{|13}A x x =≤≤,{|24}B x x =<<,则=A B A .{|23}x x <≤ B .{|23}x x ≤≤ C .{|14}x x ≤< D .{|14}x x <<
2.
2i
12i
-=+ A .1 B .1- C .i D .i -
3. 6名同学到甲、乙、丙三个场馆做志愿者,每名同学只去1个场馆,甲场馆安排1名,乙场馆安排2名,丙场馆安排3名,则不同的安排方法共有 A .120种 B .90种 C .60种 D .30种
4.日晷是中国古代用来测定时间的仪器,利用与晷面垂直的晷针投射到晷面的影子来测定时间,把地球看成一个球(球心记为O ),地球上一点A 的纬度是指OA 与地球赤道所在平面所成角,点A 处的水平面是指过点A 且与OA 垂直的平面. 在点A 处放置一个日晷,若晷面与赤道所在平面平行,点A 处的纬度为北纬40,则晷针与点A 处的水平面所成角为
A .20
B .40
C .50
D .90
5.某中学的学生积极参加体育锻炼,其中有96%的学生喜欢足球或游泳,60%的学生喜欢足球,82%的学生喜欢游泳,则该中学既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例是
A .62%
B .56%
C .46%
D .42% 6. 基本再生数0R 与世代间隔是新冠肺炎的流行病学基本参数.基本再生数指一个感染者传染的平均人数,世代间隔是指相邻两代间传染所需的平均时间。
在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段, 可以用指数模型:()e rt I t =描述累计感染病例数()I t 随时间t (单位:天)的变化规律,指数增长率r 与0R ,T 近似满足01R rT =+.有学者基于已有数据估计出0 3.28R =,6T =.据此,在新冠肺炎疫情初始阶段,累计感染病例数增加1倍需要的时间约为(ln20.69≈) A .1.2天 B .1.8天 C .2.5天 D .3.5天 7.已知P 是边长为2的正六边形ABCDEF 内的一点,则AP AB ⋅的取值范围是
A .(2,6)-
B .(6,2)-
C .(2,4)-
D .(4,6)- 8.若定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 在(,0)-∞单调递减,且(2)0f =,则满足(1)0xf x -≥的x 的取值范围是
A .[1,1][3,)-+∞
B .[3,1][0,1]--
C .[1,0][1+-∞,)
D .[1,0][1,3]- 二、多项选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多
项符合要求,全部选对得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分. 9.已知曲线22:1C mx ny +=
A. 若0m n >>,则C 是椭圆,其焦点在y 轴上 B .若0m n =>,则C 是圆,其半径为n
C.若0mn <,则C 是双曲线,其渐进线方程为m y x n
=±-
D.若0m =,0n >,则C 是两条直线
10.右图是函数sin()y x ωϕ=+的部分图像,则sin()=x ωϕ+
A .πsin()3x +
B .π
sin(2)3x -
C .πcos(2)6x +
D .5π
cos(2)6
x -
11已知0a >,0b >,且1a b +=,则
A .2212a b +≥
B .1
22
a b -> C.22log log 2a b +≥- D .2a b +≤ 12. 信息熵是信息论中的一个重要概念,设随机变量X 所有可能的值为1,2,...n ,且 ()0i P X i p ==>,(1,2,...)i n =,1
1n
i i p ==∑,定义X 的信息熵21
()log n
i i i H x p p ==-∑,则
A .若1n =,则()0H X =
B .若2n =,则()H X 随着i p 的增大而增大
C .若1
=
i p n
(1,2,...)i n =,则()H X 随着n 的增大而增大 D .若2n m =,随机变量Y 所有可能的取值为1,2,...i m =,且21()j m j P Y j p p +-==+(1,2,...)j m =,则()()H X H Y ≤
三、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分
13.斜率为3的直线过抛物线2:4C y x =的焦点,且与C 交于A ,B 两点,则||___AB =. 14.将数列{21}n -与{32}n -的公共项从小到大排列得到数列{}n a ,则{}n a 的前n 项和为____.
15.某中学开展劳动实习,学生加工制作零件,零件的界面如图所示,O 为圆孔及轮廓圆弧AB 所在圆的圆心,A 是圆弧AB 与直线AG 的切点,B 是圆弧AB 与直线BC 的切点, 四边形DEFG 为矩形,BC DG ⊥,垂足为C ,3
tan 5
ODC ∠=
,BH DG ∥,=12EF cm ,=2DE cm ,A 到直线DE 和EF 的距离均为7cm ,
圆孔半径为1cm ,则图中阴影部分的面积为_______2cm .
16.已知直四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长均为2,60BAD ∠=,以1D 为球心,5为半径的球面与侧面11BCC B 的交线长为_______.
四、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤 17.(10分)在①3ac =,②sin 3c A =,③3c b =这三个条件中任选一个,补充在下面问题中,若问题中的三角形存在,求c 的值;若问题中的三角形不存在,说明理由.
问题:是否存在ABC △,它的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,
c ,
且sin A B =,π
6
C =, ?注:如果选择多个条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分。
18.(12分)已知公比大于1的等比数列{}n a 满足2420a a +=,38a =.
(1)求{}n a 的通项公式;
(2)记m b 为{}n a 在区间(]0,m ()
m *∈N 中的项的个数,求数列{}m b 的前100项和100S .
19.(12分)为加强环境保护,治理空气污染,环境监测部门对某市空气质量进行调研,随机抽查了100天空气中的5.2PM 和2SO 浓度(单位:3
/m g μ),得下表:
(1)估计事件“该市一天空气中5.2PM 浓度不超过75,且2SO 浓度不超过150”的概率;
(3
)根据(2)中的列联表,判断是否有99%的把握认为该市一天空气中5.2PM 浓度与2SO 浓度有关?
附:()()()()()
d b c a d c b a bc ad n K ++++-=2
2
,
20. (12分)如图,四棱锥P ABCD -的底面为正方形,PD ⊥底面ABCD ,设平面PAD 与平面PBC 的交线为l
(1)证明:l ⊥平面PDC
(2)已知1PD AD ==,Q 为l 上的点,求PB 与平面QCD 所成角的正弦值的最大值.
21. (12分)已知函数1()e ln ln x f x a x a -=-+
(1)当e a =时,求曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线与两个坐标轴围成的三角形的面积; (2)若()1f x ≥,求a 的取值范围.
22. (12分)已知椭圆22
22:1(0)x y C a b a b
+=>>的离心率为2,且过点(2,1)A
(1)求C 的方程;
(2)点M ,N 在C 上,且AM AN ⊥,AD MN ⊥,D 为垂足.证明:存在定点Q ,使得 ||DQ 为定值.。