商业银行资本充足率管理办法

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商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

《中国银行业监督管理委员会关于修改〈商业银行资本充足率管理办法〉的决定》已经2006年12月28日中国银行业监督管理委员会第55次主席会议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。

目录中国银行业监督管理委员会令商业银行资本充足率管理办法第一章总则1.第一条2.第二条3.第三条4.第四条5.第五条6.第六条7.第七条8.第八条9.第九条第二章资本充足率计算1.第十条2.第十一条3.第十二条4.第十三条5.第十四条6.第十五条7.第十六条8.第十七条9.第十八条10.第十九条11.第二十条12.第二十一条13.第二十二条14.第二十三条15.第二十四条16.第二十五条17.第二十六条18.第二十七条19.第二十八条20.第二十九条21.第三十条22.第三十一条23.第三十二条第三章监督检查第四章信息披露第五章附则中国银行业监督管理委员会令2007年第11号主席刘明康二○○七年七月三日中国银行业监督管理委员会关于修改《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》的决定中国银行业监督管理委员会决定对《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》作如下修改:一、第三条增加一款,作为第二款:“商业银行的核心资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的符合本办法规定的核心资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。

”二、第十二条第三款修改为:“附属资本包括重估储备、一般准备、优先股、可转换债券、混合资本债券和长期次级债务。

”增加一款,作为第四款:“对计入所有者权益的可供出售债券公允价值正变动可计入附属资本,计入部分不得超过正变动的50%;公允价值负变动应全额从附属资本中扣减。

商业银行计算资本充足率时,应将计入资本公积的可供出售债券的公允价值从核心资本中转入附属资本。

”三、第二十一条增加一款,作为第二款:“商业银行持有我国其他商业银行发行的混合资本债券和长期次级债务的风险权重为100%。

”四、删去第三十五条第二款。

五、删去第四十条第一款第(六)项。

第二款修改为:“对于采取前款纠正措施后商业银行逾期未改正的,或其行为已严重危及该商业银行稳健运行、损害存款人和其他客户合法权益的,根据商业银行风险程度及资本补充计划的实施情况,银监会有权依法采取限制商业银行分配红利和其他收入、责令商业银行停办除低风险业务以外的其他一切业务、停止批准商业银行增设机构和开办新业务等措施。

商业银行资本管理办法介绍

商业银行资本管理办法介绍

商业银行资本管理办法介绍一、引言商业银行是一种金融机构,其主要业务包括吸收存款、放贷以及提供其他金融服务。

为了保证商业银行的稳健经营和风险控制,各国都制定了资本管理办法。

资本管理办法是指规定了商业银行必须具备一定的资本金,并对资本金的计算和运用进行监管的相关法规和规定。

本文将对商业银行资本管理办法进行介绍。

二、资本管理办法的背景和意义资本是商业银行经营管理中的重要因素。

资本的充足性不仅影响到银行的风险承受能力,而且对银行的声誉和信誉也有着重要影响。

商业银行的资本管理办法旨在维护银行的稳定经营,保护存款人和投资者的利益,同时促进金融体系的稳定发展。

三、资本管理办法的基本要求1.资本金的定义和计算方法资本金是指商业银行从经营活动中获得的净资产,包括股东权益和留存收益等。

在计算资本金的过程中,通常包括核心一级资本和附属一级资本两个层级。

核心一级资本是指商业银行最可靠和最直接的资本,包括实收资本、资本公积、减免风险资产关联的净收益等;附属一级资本是指商业银行较为次要的资本,包括普通股股东权益、添加资本等。

2.资本充足率的要求资本充足率是商业银行资本管理的重要指标之一。

它用于评估银行在承担各项风险时的资本充足情况。

因各国法规不同,资本充足率的要求也有所差异。

一般来说,商业银行的资本充足率应达到一定的比率,以确保银行有足够的资本来抵御各种风险。

3.监管报告和监督措施商业银行资本管理办法还规定了监管报告和监督措施。

商业银行需要定期向监管机构报告资本情况,包括资本金的数量、构成、充足率等。

监管机构会对商业银行的资本情况进行评估,并根据评估结果采取相应的监督措施,以确保商业银行依法经营。

四、国际资本管理办法的发展和趋势随着全球经济的发展和金融体系的日益复杂化,各国对商业银行资本管理办法的要求也在不断变化和完善。

国际上主要有巴塞尔协议,它是国际银行业监管的基准,通过制定一系列资本充足率和风险管理的指标,以确保商业银行的稳健经营。

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法商业银行资本充沛率管理方法(2022修正)Measures for the Management of Capital Adequacy Ratios of Commercial Banks(Promulgated and implemented by Order No. 2 [2022] of China Banking Regulatory Commission and amended according to the Decision of China Banking Regulatory Commission on Revising the Measures for the Management of Capital Adequacy Ratios of Commercial Banks as adopted at the 55th chairmen's meeting of China Banking Regulatory Commission on December 28, 2022)Chapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1 In order to strengthen the supervision over the capital adequacy ratios of commercial banks, promote the safety and stability of commercial banks, the present Measures are formulated in accordance with the Banking Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks, the Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-funded Financial Institutions and other relevant laws and regulations.Article 2 The present Measures shall be applicable to the commercial banks established within the territory of the People's Republic of China, including Chinese-funded banks, whollyforeign-funded banks and Sino-foreign equity joint banks.Article 3 The term "capital adequacy ratio" as mentioned in the present Measures refers to the ratio between the capital, which is held by a commercial bank and meets the requirements of the Present Measures,and the risk-weighted assets of the commercial bank.The "core capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank" refers to the ratio between the core capital, which is held by the commercial bank and meets the requirements of the present Measures, and the risk-weighted assets of the commercial bank.Article 4 The calculation of the capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank shall be based on provision for loan loss and other losses.Article 5 The capital of a commercial bank shall prevent credit risk and market risk.Article 6 A commercial bank shall simultaneously calculate the unconsolidated capital adequacy ratio and the consolidated capital adequacy ratio.Article 7 The capital adequacy ratio shall not be lower than 8%, the core capital adequacy ratio shall not be lower than 4%.Article 8 China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the CBRC)shall conduct supervision and inspection over the capital adequacy ratios and the capital management status of commercial banks.Article 9 The commercial banks shall disclose the information related to capital adequacy ratios in accordance with the present Measures.Chapter II Calculation of Capital Adequacy RatiosArticle 10 When calculating the consolidated capital adequacy ratio, a commercial bank shall list the following institutions into the consolidation scope:(1)The financial institutions with more than half of their equity capital owned by the commercial bank, including:(a)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital directly owned by the commercial bank;(b)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital owned by its wholly-funded subsidiary;(c)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital owned by the commercial bank and its wholly-funded subsidiary.(2)A financial institution with at least half of its equity capital not owned by the commercial bank shall be listed into the consolidation scope if the commercial bank:(a)holds more than half of its voting rights by concluding agreements with other investors;(b)has the power to control the financial affairs and operating policies of this institution according to the articles of association or agreement;(c)has the power to appoint or dismiss most of the members in the board of directors or the similar powerful institution of this financial institution; or(d)holds more than half of the voting rights in the board of directors or the similar powerful institution.The institutions that may not be listed into the consolidation scope shall include the financial institutions that have been closed or have been announced bankruptcy; the financial institutions that have entered into theliquidation procedure; the financial institutions with more than half of their equity capital owned by the commercial bank, which decides to sell it out within a year; the overseas subsidiary financial institutions whose fund procurement capacity is limited due to the control on foreign exchange by the countries where they are located or the impact of other emergencies.Article 11 The calculation formulas of the capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank:The capital adequacy ratio = (capital - the deduction items)/ (the risk-weighted assets + 12.5 times of market risk capital)The core capital adequacy ratio = (core capital - core capital deduction items)/ (the risk-weighted assets + 12.5 times of market risk capital)Article 12 The capital of a commercial bank includes the core capital and supplementary capital.The core capital includes the paid-up capital or common stocks, capital reserves, surplus reserves, undistributed profits and minority interests.The supplementary capital includes the re-evaluation reserves, general reserves, preferred stocks, convertible bonds, fixed capital bonds and long-term subordinated debts.The positive alteration, but no more than 50%, to the fair value of available-for-sale bonds that have been calculated into the owners' rights and interests may be calculated into the supplementary capital; and the negative alteration to the fair value shall be deducted from the supplementary capital. When a commercial bank calculates the capital adequacy ratio, it shall transfer the fair value of available-for-sale bondsthat have been calculated into the capital reserves from the core capital into the supplementary capital.Article 13 The supplementary capital of a commercial bank shall not exceed 100 % of its core capital. The long-term subordinated debts listed into the supplementary capital shall not exceed 50% of the core capital.Article 14 When calculating the capital adequacy ratio, the commercial bank shall deduct the following items from the capital:(1)Goodwill;(2)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in the unconsolidated financial institutions; and(3)50% of the investment made by the commercial bank innon-self-use immovable property and enterprise capital.Article 15 When calculating the core capital adequacy ratio, the commercial bank shall deduct the following items from the core capital:(1)Goodwill;(2)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in the unconsolidated financial institutions; and(3)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in non-self-use immovable property and enterprise.Article 16 When calculating the weighted-risk assets of all loans, the commercial bank shall deduct the specific reserve from the book value of the loans, and shall deduct the provision for the depreciation of other types of assets from the book values of the corresponding assets.Article 17 The external credit grade evaluation result of the corresponding country or region shall be the benchmark of the risk weight of a commercial bank's credit abroad. When differentcredit grade evaluation companies have different evaluation results about the same country or region, the relatively lower one shall be chosen as the benchmark.(1)With regard to the credits held by it against the government of another country or region, if this country or region is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 0%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%;(2)With regard to the credits held by it against an overseas commercial bank or securities company, if the country or region where this commercial bank or securities company is located is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 50%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%.(3)With regard to the credits held by it against a public utility enterprise invested by the government of another country or region, if this country or region is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 50%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%.Article 18 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against a multi-lateral development bank shall be 0%.Article 19 The risk weight of all the credits in RMB or foreign currencies held by a commercial bank against the Central Government of our country and the People's Bank of China shall be 0%.The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against the public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country shall be 50%.Article 20 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against a policy bank of our country shall be 0%.Article 21 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against another commercial bank of our country shall be 20%, and the risk weight of the credits with an original time limit of four months or shorter shall be 0%.The risk weight of fixed capital bonds and long-term subordinated debts held by a commercial bank against another commercial bank of our country shall be 100%.Article 22 The risk weight of a commercial bank's directional bonds issued by the financial asset management companies invested by the Central Government of our country for the purpose of purchasing thenon-performing loans of state-owned banks shall be 0%.The risk weight of the other credits held by a commercial bank against the financial asset management companies invested by the Central Government of our country shall be 100%.Article 23 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against an enterprise, individual or other assets shall be 100%.Article 24 The risk weight of individual housing mortgage loans shall be 50%.Article 25 The following items can play a role of mitigating the risks:(1)The specified cash in the form of a special account, sealed money or security;(2)Gold;(3)Bank deposit certificates;(4)The state debts issued by the Ministry of Finance of our country;(5)The instruments issued by the People's Bank of China;(6)The bonds and instruments issued by the policy banks or commercial banks of our country and the drafts honored by them;(7)The bonds and instruments issued by the public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country and the drafts honored by them;(8)The bonds issued by the government of a country or region with rating AA or higher, the bonds and instruments issued by the commercial banks and securities companies registered in this country or region, or the public utility enterprises invested by the government, and the drafts honored by them; and(9)The bonds issued by multi-lateral development banks.A loan by putting any of the items as mentioned in the preceding paragraph in pledge shall obtain the same risk weight as the corresponding item or the risk weight of the direct credit held by the issuer or acceptor of the corresponding item. With regard to a loan with any item partly pledged, the part under protection of the item shall obtain the corresponding low risk weight.Article 26 The guaranties provided by the following guaranty subjects can play a role in mitigating the risks:(1)The policy banks and commercial banks of our country;(2)The state organs of our country approved by the State Councilto re-lend loans extended by foreign governments or international economic organizations;(3)The public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country;(4)The governments of the countries or regions with rating as AA or higher, the commercial banks registered in these countries or regions and the public utility enterprises invested by the governments of these countries or regions; and(5)Multi-lateral development banks.A loan on the basis of the full guaranty provided by any of the guaranty subjects as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall have the same risk weight as the direct credit against the guarantor. As for a loan partly guaranteed, the guaranteed part of the loan shall have the corresponding low risk weight.Article 27 A commercial bank shall calculate and deduct the capital for the credit risks of the unconsolidated businesses.A commercial bank shall multiply the unconsolidated businesses in the name of the unconsolidated items by the credit conversion coefficient, obtaining the risk assets identical with the consolidated items, then it shall determine their risk weights according to the transaction objects, finally it shall calculate the corresponding risk-weighted assets of the unconsolidated items.The risk-weighted assets of exchange rates, interest rates and other agreements on derivative products shall be calculated through the current risk exposure approach.Article 28 A commercial bank shall calculate and deduct the capitalfor market risk.The term "market risks" refers to the risks of losses of consolidated and unconsolidated positions caused by the variation of market price. The market risks as mentioned in the present Measures include risks that various financial instruments and stocks in the transaction account may be affected by interest rates, all the risks of foreign exchange and risks of commodities of a commercial bank.Article 29 A commercial bank shall establish a transaction account. The prices of all the items in the transaction account shall be calculated according to the market prices.The transaction account shall cover the positions of financial instruments held for a short period by the commercial bank in carrying on self-operations and expected to yield profits from the actual or expected price differences, or the variation of other prices or interest rates in future sales or dealings; the positions held for making dealings entrusted by clients and making market; and positions held for avoiding risks of the transaction account and other items.Article 30 A commercial bank whose total positions in the transaction account exceed 10% of the total assets or RMB 8.5 billion yuan shall calculate and deduct the market risk capital.Article 31 A commercial bank that isn't required to calculate and deduct market risk capital according to the present Measures shall report its market risk positions to the China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as CBRC)each quarter.Article 32 A commercial bank shall calculate the market risk capital through the standard approach as prescribed in the present Measures. Upon examination and approval of the CBRC, a commercial bank may calculate market risk capital through the internal model approach.Chapter III. Supervision and InspectionArticle 33 The board of directors of a commercial bank shall bear the final liabilities for the capital adequacy management of this bank, shall be responsible for determining the target of capital adequacy management, shall examine and decide the risk capacity and shall formulate andconduct supervision over the implementation of capital plans. Where the commercial bank has established the board of directors, the president of the bank shall be responsible.Article 34 The senior managerial personnel of a commercial bank shall be responsible for carrying out capital adequacy management, which includes formulating bylaws on the capital adequacy management of this bank, perfecting the identification, measurement and reporting procedures for credit risks and market risks, shall regularly assess the capital adequacy level, shall establish corresponding capital management mechanism, shall strengthen the examination and audit over the capital assessment procedure and shall ensure that all supervisory and control measures be carried out effectively.Article 35 A commercial bank shall report the unconsolidated and consolidated capital adequacy ratios to the CBRC. The consolidated capital adequacy ratio shall be reported once every half year and the unconsolidated capital adequacy ratio shall be reported once every quarter. When confronting any extremely serious matter involving capital adequacy, it shall report it to CBRC in time.Article 36 The CBRC shall conduct on-the-spot inspection andnon-on-the-spot monitoring over the capital adequacy ratio of each commercial bank. The inspection shall mainly cover the following:(1)The formulation and implementation of the bylaws related to the capital adequacy ratio of the commercial bank;(2)The commercial bank's capital plan on keeping the capital adequacy ratio and its implementation of the plan, its ability and methods to monitor the capital level;(3)The status of the credit risks and market risks of the commercial bank; and(4)Whether the establishment of the transaction account or the item pricing meets the provisions of the present Measures.Article 37 The CBRC may ask a commercial bank to increase the minimum standard for capital adequacy ratio according to its risk status and risk management capacity.Article 38 The CBRC may classify the commercial banks into the following three categories on the basis of their respective capital adequacy ratio:(1)Commercial banks with adequate capital: the capital adequacy ratio not lower than 8%, the core capital adequacy ratio not lower than 4%;(2)Commercial banks with inadequate capital: the capital adequacy ratio lower than 8%, or the core capital adequacy ratio lower than 4%; and(3)Commercial banks whose capital is seriously inadequate: the capital adequacy ratio lower than 4 %, or the core capital adequacy ratio lower than 2%.Article 39 The CBRC shall encourage the commercial banks withadequate capital to develop business stably and soundly. In order to prevent their capital adequacy ratio from sliding lower than the minimum standard, the CBRC shall adopt the following control measures:(1)To ask the commercial banks to perfect the bylaws on risk management;(2)To ask the commercial banks to increase the risk control capacity;(3)To ask the commercial banks to strengthen the analyses and forecasts about the capital adequacy ratios; and(4)To ask the commercial banks to formulate practical and feasible capital keeping plan, and to impose limits on their participation in some high risk business.Article 40 The CBRC shall take the following rectification measures against a commercial bank with inadequate capital:(1)To give the commercial bank supervisory advices, which shall include descriptions of the status quo of the commercial bank's capital adequacy ratio, the to-be-taken rectification measures and the detailed plan on the implementation of all the measures;(2)To ask the commercial bank to formulate practical and feasible capital complement plan within 2 months from the day when it receives the supervisory advices of the CBRC;(3)To ask the commercial bank to control the capital increase speed;(4)To ask the commercial bank to reduce the scale of risk assets;(5)To ask the commercial bank to control the purchase of fixed assets; and(6)To conduct strict examination or control on the establishment of new institutions or new operations by the commercial bank.In case a commercial bank still fails to make correction within the time limit after being given the rectification measures as provided in the preceding paragraph, or its act has seriously endangered the stable operation of this commercial bank, damaged the legitimate rights and interests of depositors or other clients, the CBRC shall, according to the risk degree of the commercial bank and the implementation of capital complement plan, have the power to restrict the commercial bank from distributing bonuses and other incomes, order the commercial bank to suspend all operations except the low risk ones, and suspend examining and approving the establishment of any new institution and new operation by the commercial bank.Article 41 With regard to a commercial bank facing serious shortage of capital, the CBRC may take the following rectification measures besides those as listed in Article 40 of the present Measures:(1)To ask the commercial bank to change the senior managerial personnel; and(2)To take over the commercial bank or urge it to restructure, even to cancel it.When dealing with this kind of commercial banks, the CBRC shall take into account the external factors comprehensively, and shall take other necessary measures.Chapter IV Information DisclosureArticle 42 The board of directors of a commercial bank shall be responsible for the information disclosure of the capital adequacy of this bank. If there is no board of directors, the president of the bank shall be responsible. The content of the information disclosure shall be subject to the approval of the board of directors or president.Article 43 The information disclosure of the capital adequacy ratio shall mainly include five aspects: the risk management target and policy, the consolidation scope, capital, capital adequacy ratio, credit risks and market risks. With regard to the items that can't be disclosed due to involving commercial secrets, the commercial bank may disclose the overall information about the items that can be disclosed and make explanations about the special items that can't be disclosed.Article 44 A commercial bank shall disclose the information about its capital adequacy ratio within 4 months after the end of every fiscal year. Where it is unable to disclose the said information within the time limit for special reason, it shall file an application to the CBRC for extension at least 15 days prior to the deadline.Article 45 The capital adequacy ratio information of a commercial bank shall be reported to the CBRC before it is disclosed.Article 46 A commercial bank shall announce the information required in disclosure by the present Measures, and shall ensure that the shareholders and relevant interested persons obtain the information in time.Chapter V Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 47 The calculation of the capital adequacy ratio of a wholly foreign-funded financing company or joint equity financing company, the supervision and examination and the information disclosure shall be made by referring to the present Measures. A foreign bank's branch inChina shall calculate the RMB risk weighted assets by referring to the risk weights as prescribed in the present Measures.The calculation, supervision and administration of capital adequacy ratio of a policy bank shall be carried out by referring to the present Measures, however, there is no uniform requirement for the disclosure of capital adequacy ratio of the policy bank.Article 48 Attachments 1 to 5 are component parts of the present Measures, which shall cover the following:(1)Attachment 1: The Definitions of Capital;(2)Attachment 2: The Risk Weights of Consolidated Assets;(3)Attachment 3: The Credit Conversion Coefficients of Unconsolidated Items and Definitions of Unconsolidated Items;(4)Attachment 4: The Standard Approach as Required for Calculating Market Risk Capital;(5)Attachment 5: The Content of Information DisclosureArticle 49 The Standard & Poor's rating denotation "AA" is adopted in the present Measures, but no limit is set on the commercial banks' options of external credit rating companies, the commercial banks may choose the rating result of a rating company by themselves, and keep the consistency.Article 50 The credits against the governments of other countries or regions include the credits against the governments of these countries or regions, their central banks and other institutions equivalent to the governments. The definition of the term "institutions equivalent to the governments" shall be in line with the regulations of the local bankingsupervisory authorities.Article 51 The term "equity capital" refers to the capital that gives the holder the right to participate in the company management and the voting power in operational decision-making.Article 52 The term "public utility enterprises" refers to the operators of public utilities, including the supplies of water, electricity, heat and gas, post, telecommunication, transport and transportation and other industries. The public utilities are mainly distributed in the basic industries of national economy, and most of them undertake the task of providing services to the general public. These enterprises are usually established by the state by making huge investment from the government finance.Article 53 The power to interpret the present Measures shall remain with China Banking Regulatory Commission.Article 54 The present Measures shall be implemented as of March 1, 2022.文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法第一章总则第一条为了加强商业银行资本监管,确保商业银行稳健经营,维护银行业公平竞争,根据《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》等法律法规,制定本办法。

第二条本办法适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行。

第三条商业银行应当按照本办法规定,计算并披露其资本充足率。

第四条中国银行业监督管理委员会(以下简称银监会)负责商业银行资本充足率的监督管理。

第二章资本充足率的计算和披露第五条商业银行资本充足率,是指商业银行资本与风险加权资产的比率。

第六条商业银行资本,包括核心资本和附属资本。

第七条风险加权资产,是指商业银行在经营过程中面临的各种风险,按照一定的权重进行计算的资产。

第八条商业银行应当按照银监会规定的方法,计算其资本充足率。

第九条商业银行应当在每个季度结束后的一个月内,向银监会提交其资本充足率的计算结果和有关资料。

第十条商业银行应当在其年度报告中,披露其资本充足率及其计算方法。

第三章监督管理第十一条银监会应当对商业银行资本充足率进行定期检查和不定期抽查。

第十二条商业银行应当配合银监会的检查和抽查,提供真实、完整、准确的资料。

第十三条银监会可以根据商业银行资本充足率的计算结果和经营情况,采取必要的监管措施,包括但不限于:要求商业银行增加资本、减少风险加权资产、限制资产增长等。

第十四条商业银行资本充足率低于法定标准的,银监会可以要求商业银行制定整改计划,并在规定时间内达到标准。

第十五条商业银行未按照本办法规定计算和披露资本充足率的,银监会可以对其进行处罚,包括但不限于:罚款、吊销经营许可证等。

第四章附则第十六条本办法自发布之日起施行。

第十七条本办法由中国银行业监督管理委员会负责解释。

《商业银行资本管理办法

《商业银行资本管理办法

《商业银行资本管理办法商业银行资本管理办法一、导言商业银行作为金融机构的重要组成部分,在国民经济发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。

为了确保商业银行能够稳健经营、风险可控,资本管理就显得尤为重要。

本文旨在探讨商业银行资本管理的相关办法与措施,并提出一些建议。

二、资本管理目标与原则1. 资本管理目标商业银行资本管理的目标是确保银行资本的适度和充足,以应对风险并保护储户和利益相关方的利益。

同时,资本管理还应促进银行业的稳健发展、提高金融体系的稳定性。

2. 资本管理原则(1)风险导向原则:商业银行应根据自身的风险特征和业务特点,合理配置资本,以降低风险和提高风险管理能力。

(2)适度与充足原则:商业银行应根据自身经营风险,确保资本充足,防范资不抵债的风险。

(3)动态监管原则:监管部门应采取动态监测和评估银行资本充足率,以适时做出相应的调整和干预。

三、资本管理的主要指标商业银行资本管理的主要指标包括资本充足率、核心资本率和风险加权资产比率等。

1. 资本充足率资本充足率是衡量商业银行资本充足程度的重要指标。

一般来说,商业银行应根据其风险承担能力和业务特点,确保资本充足率不低于监管部门的要求,以保证金融体系的稳定运行。

2. 核心资本率核心资本率是衡量商业银行核心资本占总资本的比重。

核心资本是指商业银行资本中的最高级别资本,具有较高的抵御风险能力。

核心资本率的提高,可以增强银行的风险承受能力和抵御金融风险的能力。

3. 风险加权资产比率风险加权资产比率是衡量商业银行风险资产规模与资本储备之间关系的指标。

合理的风险加权资产比率可以更准确地反映商业银行的资本充足情况,并为银行风险管理提供有效的参考。

四、资本管理措施1. 提高核心资本水平商业银行应优化资本结构,提高核心资本水平。

核心资本水平的提高可以增强商业银行的风险承受能力和长期稳健经营的能力。

2. 规范风险管理与风控商业银行应建立健全的风险管理与风控体系,包括风险评估、风险监测、风险预警等。

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法商业银行资本充足率管理是保障金融体系稳健运行的重要措施之一。

为了规范商业银行资本充足率管理,提高金融机构风险抵御能力和防范金融风险的能力,我国制定了商业银行资本充足率管理办法,以下将对其主要内容进行介绍。

一、资本充足率的定义和意义资本充足率是指商业银行核心资本和风险加权资产的比率,用于衡量银行的风险承受能力和业务发展的稳定性。

资本充足率的合理水平可以保障金融机构的偿债能力,稳定金融市场,防范金融风险。

二、资本充足率的计算方法商业银行资本充足率的计算方法主要有三个指标:核心资本充足率(CET1充足率)、一级资本充足率(Tier 1充足率)和总资本充足率。

核心资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产之比,一级资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本和附加一级资本与风险加权资产之比,总资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本、附加一级资本和二级资本与风险加权资产之比。

三、资本充足率的监管要求商业银行资本充足率管理办法规定了商业银行资本充足率的监管要求,包括最低资本充足率比例、资本类别的划分和监管指标的核算方法等方面。

其中,最低资本充足率比例是根据商业银行业务规模、资产质量、市场风险等因素确定的,以确保商业银行稳健经营。

四、资本充足率管理的作用和意义商业银行资本充足率管理办法的实施,对于保障金融体系稳健运行和防范金融风险具有重要作用。

首先,资本充足率管理可以促使商业银行优化资产负债结构,提高盈利能力和抗风险能力。

其次,通过合理设置资本充足率要求,可以限制商业银行过度扩张和过度借贷行为,避免系统性风险的发生。

再次,资本充足率管理可以提高风险管理意识,促使商业银行加强内部控制体系的建设,提高管理水平和风险防控能力。

五、资本充足率管理存在的问题和挑战尽管商业银行资本充足率管理办法的实施有利于金融风险防范,但也面临一些问题和挑战。

首先,资本充足率的计算方法和监管要求可能存在不足之处,需要不断完善和修订。

商业银行资本管理办法最新全文

商业银行资本管理办法最新全文

商业银行资本管理办法最新全文第一章总则第一条为了加强商业银行资本管理,维护银行体系稳健运行,促进经济金融健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》等法律法规,制定本办法。

第二条本办法适用于中华人民共和国境内依法设立的商业银行,包括中资商业银行、外资独资银行、中外合资银行和外国银行分行。

第三条商业银行应当建立科学、有效的资本管理制度,确保资本充足,提高资本质量,增强抵御风险的能力。

第四条银行业监督管理机构应当加强对商业银行资本管理的监管,确保本办法的贯彻执行。

第二章资本充足率要求第五条商业银行应当保持资本充足率不低于8%,核心一级资本充足率不低于5%,一级资本充足率不低于6%。

第六条商业银行应当根据风险状况,合理配置资本,确保资本充足率满足监管要求。

第七条商业银行应当建立动态的资本充足率监测和预警机制,及时发现和纠正资本不足问题。

第三章资本构成与分类第八条商业银行资本包括核心一级资本、其他一级资本和二级资本。

第九条核心一级资本是指商业银行在持续经营和清算情况下,能够吸收损失的资本工具,包括实收资本、资本公积、盈余公积、一般风险准备和未分配利润。

第十条其他一级资本是指商业银行在持续经营和清算情况下,能够吸收损失的资本工具,包括优先股、永续债等。

第十一条二级资本是指商业银行在清算情况下,能够吸收损失的资本工具,包括次级债、混合资本债等。

第十二条商业银行应当根据资本工具的性质和风险特点,合理分类和计量资本。

第四章风险加权资产计量第十三条商业银行应当根据风险程度,对各项资产进行风险加权计量,确定风险加权资产。

第十四条商业银行应当建立全面的风险管理体系,准确识别、计量、监控和控制各类风险。

第十五条商业银行应当根据监管要求,及时调整风险加权资产计量方法和参数。

第五章资本补充与约束第十六条商业银行应当通过内部积累、外部融资等方式,确保资本充足率的稳定和增长。

第十七条商业银行应当合理控制资本消耗,避免过度扩张和盲目投资。

商业银行资本管理办法(试行)精简版

商业银行资本管理办法(试行)精简版

商业银行资本管理办法(试行)第一章总则为了规范商业银行的资本管理行为,加强资本监管,维护金融市场稳定,促进金融风险的有效防控,根据《商业银行法》和相关法律法规,制定本办法。

第二章资本计量及要求第一节资本计量方法商业银行的资本计量应符合国内外通行的标准和原则,采用风险敞口法进行计量。

商业银行应根据其不同业务和风险特征,通过风险权重调整因素,计算各项资产的风险敞口。

第二节资本充足率要求商业银行应保持足够的资本充足率,以确保其具备持续运营的能力和抵御风险的能力。

资本充足率应按照国家银行监管机构的要求进行计算和披露。

第三节资本补充商业银行在资本充足率不达标的情况下,应及时采取相应的措施进行资本补充。

资本补充可通过股权融资、债券发行等方式进行,但应符合相关法律法规的规定。

第三章资本管理措施第一节内部资本管理商业银行应建立健全内部资本管理制度,明确资本管理的责任和流程,确保资本充足率的监测和控制。

第二节风险资本分配商业银行应根据不同业务和风险水平,合理分配风险资本。

风险资本分配的原则包括但不限于风险控制、盈利能力和负债能力等因素。

第三节监测和报告商业银行应建立健全监测和报告机制,定期对资本充足率进行监测和报告,及时发现和应对资本缺口和风险暴露。

第四章监管措施第一节监管指标国家银行监管机构应根据商业银行的资本情况和风险水平,制定并监测相关监管指标,对不符合要求的商业银行采取相应的监管措施。

第二节复核和评估国家银行监管机构有权对商业银行的资本管理情况进行复核和评估,发现问题时应及时提出整改要求,并监督整改的落实情况。

第三节处罚措施对于严重违反资本管理要求的商业银行,国家银行监管机构有权采取相应的处罚措施,包括但不限于罚款、吊销执照等。

第五章附则本办法自发布之日起施行,废止《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》。

以上为商业银行资本管理办法(试行)的主要内容,具体的资本计量、资本要求和监管措施等细则,详见相应法规和规章。

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商业银行资本充足率管理办法中国银行业监督管理委员会令[2004]2号颁布时间:2004-2-23发文单位:中国银行业监督管理委员会第一章总则第一条为加强对商业银行资本充足率的监管,促进商业银行安全、稳健运行,根据《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国外资金融机构管理条例》等法律法规,制定本办法。

第二条本办法适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行,包括中资银行、外资独资银行、中外合资银行。

第三条本办法中的资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的、符合本办法规定的资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。

第四条商业银行资本充足率的计算应建立在充分计提贷款损失准备等各项损失准备的基础之上。

第五条商业银行资本应抵御信用风险和市场风险。

第六条商业银行应同时计算未并表的资本充足率和并表后的资本充足率。

第七条商业银行资本充足率不得低于百分之八,核心资本充足率不得低于百分之四。

第八条中国银行业监督管理委员会(以下简称银监会)按照本办法对商业银行资本充足率、资本管理状况进行监督检查。

第九条商业银行应按照本办法披露资本充足率信息。

第二章资本充足率计算第十条商业银行计算并表后的资本充足率时,应将以下机构纳入并表范围:(一)商业银行拥有其过半数以上(不包括半数)权益性资本的被投资金融机构,包括:商业银行直接拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;商业银行的全资子公司拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;商业银行与其全资子公司共同拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构。

(二)商业银行不拥有其过半数以上的权益性资本,但与被投资金融机构之间有下列情况之一的,应将其纳入并表范围:通过与其他投资者之间的协议,持有该机构半数以上的表决权;根据章程或协议,有权控制该机构的财务和经营政策;有权任免该机构董事会或类似权力机构的多数成员;在该机构董事会或类似权力机构有半数以上投票权。

可以不列入并表范围的机构包括:已关闭或已宣告破产的金融机构;因终止而进入清算程序的金融机构;决定在一年之内售出而短期持有其过半数以上权益性资本的金融机构;受所在国外汇管制及其他突发事件影响、资金调度受到限制的境外附属金融机构。

第十一条商业银行资本充足率的计算公式:资本充足率 (资本 扣除项) (风险加权资产 倍的市场风险资本)核心资本充足率 (核心资本 核心资本扣除项) (风险加权资产 倍的市场风险资本)第十二条商业银行资本包括核心资本和附属资本。

核心资本包括实收资本或普通股、资本公积、盈余公积、未分配利润和少数股权。

附属资本包括重估储备、一般准备、优先股、可转换债券和长期次级债务。

第十三条商业银行的附属资本不得超过核心资本的 ;计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的第十四条商业银行计算资本充足率时,应从资本中扣除以下项目:(一)商誉;(二)商业银行对未并表金融机构的资本投资;(三)商业银行对非自用不动产和企业的资本投资。

第十五条商业银行计算核心资本充足率时,应从核心资本中扣除以下项目:(一)商誉;(二)商业银行对未并表金融机构资本投资的 ;(三)商业银行对非自用不动产和企业资本投资的 第十六条商业银行计算各项贷款的风险加权资产时,应首先从贷款账面价值中扣除专项准备;其他各类资产的减值准备,也应从相应资产的账面价值中扣除。

第十七条商业银行境外债权的风险权重,以相应国家或地区的外部信用评级结果为基准。

不同评级公司对同一国家或地区的评级结果不一致时,选择较低的评级结果。

(一)对其他国家或地区政府的债权,该国家或地区的评级为 以上(含 )的,风险权重为 , 以下的,风险权重为 ;(二)对境外商业银行、证券公司的债权,注册地所在国或地区的评级为 以上(含 )的,风险权重为 , 以下的,风险权重为 ;(三)对其他国家或地区政府投资的公用企业的债权,所在国家或地区的评级为 以上(含 )的,风险权重为 , 以下的,风险权重为第十八条商业银行对多边开发银行债权的风险权重为第十九条商业银行对我国中央政府和中国人民银行本外币债权的风险权重均为商业银行对我国中央政府投资的公用企业债权的风险权重为第二十条商业银行对我国政策性银行债权的风险权重为第二十一条商业银行对我国其他商业银行债权的风险权重为 ,其中原始期限四个月以内(含四个月)债权的风险权重为第二十二条商业银行对我国中央政府投资的金融资产管理公司为收购国有银行不良贷款而定向发行的债券的风险权重为商业银行对我国中央政府投资的金融资产管理公司的其他债权的风险权重为第二十三条商业银行对企业、个人的债权及其他资产的风险权重均为 第二十四条个人住房抵押贷款的风险权重为第二十五条下列质物具有风险缓释作用:(一)以特户、封金或保证金等形式特定化后的现金;(二)黄金;(三)银行存单;(四)我国财政部发行的国债;(五)中国人民银行发行的票据;(六)我国政策性银行、商业银行发行的债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(七)我国中央政府投资的公用企业发行的企业债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(八)评级为 以上(含 )国家或地区政府发行的债券,在这些国家或地区注册的商业银行、证券公司及政府投资的公用企业所发行的债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(九)多边开发银行发行的债券。

以前款所列质物质押的贷款,取得与质物相同的风险权重,或取得对质物发行人或承兑人直接债权的风险权重。

部分质押的贷款,受质物保护的部分获得相应的低风险权重。

第二十六条下列保证主体提供的保证具有风险缓释作用:(一)我国政策性银行、商业银行;(二)经国务院批准,为使用外国政府或国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的我国国家机关;(三)我国中央政府投资的公用企业;(四)评级为 以上(含 )国家或地区的政府以及在这些国家或地区注册的商业银行,这些国家或地区政府投资的公用企业;(五)多边开发银行。

以前款所列保证主体提供全额保证的贷款,取得对保证人直接债权的风险权重。

部分保证的贷款,被保证部分获得相应的低风险权重。

第二十七条商业银行应对表外业务的信用风险计提资本。

商业银行应将表外项目的名义本金额乘以信用转换系数,获得等同于表内项目的风险资产,然后根据交易对象的属性确定风险权重,计算表外项目相应的风险加权资产。

对于汇率、利率及其他衍生产品合约的风险加权资产,使用现期风险暴露法计算。

第二十八条 商业银行应对市场风险计提资本。

市场风险是指因市场价格变动而导致表内外头寸损失的风险。

本办法所称市场风险包括以下风险:交易账户中受利率影响的各类金融工具及股票所涉及的风险、商业银行全部的外汇风险和商品风险。

第二十九条商业银行应该按照本办法的规定设立交易账户,交易账户中的所有项目均应按市场价格计价。

交易账户包括:商业银行从事自营而短期持有并旨在日后出售或计划从买卖的实际或预期价差、其他价格及利率变动中获利的金融工具头寸;为执行客户买卖委托及做市而持有的头寸;为规避交易账户其他项目风险而持有的头寸。

第三十条交易账户总头寸高于表内外总资产的 或超过 亿元人民币的商业银行,须计提市场风险资本。

第三十一条按照本办法不须计提市场风险资本的商业银行,必须每季向银监会报告市场风险头寸。

第三十二条商业银行应按照本办法规定的标准法计算市场风险资本。

经银监会审查批准,商业银行可以使用内部模型法计算市场风险资本。

第三章监督检查第三十三条商业银行董事会承担本银行资本充足率管理的最终责任, 负责确定资本充足率管理目标,审定风险承受能力,制定并监督实施资本规划。

未设立董事会的,由行长负责。

第三十四条商业银行高级管理人员负责资本充足率管理的实施工作,包括制定本银行资本充足率管理的规章制度,完善信用风险和市场风险的识别、计量和报告程序,定期评估资本充足率水平,并建立相应的资本管理机制,加强对资本评估程序的检查和审计,确保各项监控措施的有效实施。

第三十五条商业银行应向银监会报告未并表和并表后的资本充足率。

并表后的资本充足率每半年报送一次,未并表的资本充足率每季报送一次。

如遇影响资本充足率的特别重大事项,应及时报告银监会。

商业银行向银监会报告资本充足率时,应同时抄报中国人民银行。

第三十六条银监会对商业银行资本充足率实行现场检查和非现场监控。

检查内容主要包括:(一)商业银行资本充足率有关规章制度的制定和执行情况;(二)商业银行保持资本充足率的资本规划和执行情况,监控资本水平的能力和手段;(三)商业银行的信用风险和市场风险状况;(四)商业银行交易账户的设立、项目计价是否符合本办法的规定。

第三十七条根据商业银行的风险状况及风险管理能力,银监会可以要求单个银行提高最低资本充足率标准。

第三十八条根据资本充足率的状况,银监会将商业银行分为三类:(一)资本充足的商业银行:资本充足率不低于百分之八,核心资本充足率不低于百分之四;(二)资本不足的商业银行:资本充足率不足百分之八,或核心资本充足率不足百分之四;(三)资本严重不足的商业银行:资本充足率不足百分之四,或核心资本充足率不足百分之二。

第三十九条对资本充足的商业银行,银监会支持其稳健发展业务。

为防止其资本充足率降到最低标准以下,银监会可以采取下列干预措施:(一)要求商业银行完善风险管理规章制度;(二)要求商业银行提高风险控制能力;(三)要求商业银行加强对资本充足率的分析及预测;(四)要求商业银行制定切实可行的资本维持计划,并限制商业银行介入部分高风险业务。

第四十条对资本不足的商业银行,银监会可以采取下列纠正措施:(一)下发监管意见书。

监管意见书的内容包括:对商业银行资本充足率现状的描述、将采取的纠正措施、各项措施的详细实施计划;(二)要求商业银行在接到银监会监管意见书的二个月内,制定切实可行的资本补充计划;(三)要求商业银行限制资产增长速度;(四)要求商业银行降低风险资产的规模;(五)要求商业银行限制固定资产购置;(六)要求商业银行限制分配红利和其他收入;(七)严格审批或限制商业银行增设新机构、开办新业务。

除前款所列的纠正措施外,根据商业银行风险程度及资本补充计划的实施情况,银监会有权要求商业银行停办除低风险业务以外的其它一切业务、停止审批商业银行增设机构和开办新业务。

第四十一条对资本严重不足的商业银行,银监会除采取本办法第四十条所列的纠正措施外,还可以采取以下纠正措施:(一)要求商业银行调整高级管理人员;(二)依法对商业银行实行接管或者促成机构重组,直至予以撤销。

在处置此类商业银行时,银监会还将综合考虑外部因素,采取其他必要措施。

第四章信息披露第四十二条商业银行董事会负责本行资本充足率的信息披露,未设立董事会的,由行长负责。

信息披露的内容须经董事会或行长批准。

第四十三条资本充足率的信息披露主要包括以下五个方面内容:风险管理目标和政策、并表范围、资本、资本充足率、信用风险和市场风险。

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