英语进阶练习题

英语进阶练习题英语进阶综合练习题Part I WritingTopic oneDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Stress and Relaxation in Life by commenting the saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Topic twoDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your view on the popularity of wifi. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Topic threeDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours wants to experience a traditional Chinese festival. Which festival is the most interesting one you would like to introduce to him/her and why?Part II Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet . You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.(1)It’s is easy to look at today’s women and think we’ve come a long way. On the one hand, we’ve reaped the 1 our feminist mothers fought for, and we’re encouraged, time and again, to “be whatever we want to be”. We 2 boys in graduation rates, college enrollment, and school leadership positions, and have 3 ourselves professionally. Things look promising; to the point that even a beauty queen can 4 on stage and declare “thereare no longer any 5 against us ,” as did the winner of Miss Universe this month.But all those ribbons and medals don’t translate to the real world if women are too afraid to ask for what they 6 . As Simmons puts it, “Girls collect achievements by the handful, but often don’t have the 7 to own them.”Sure, we may outpace the guys around us in school, but by the time we 8 college, we’ll have given up our leadership roles. We’ll make up just a third of business-school students and 9 a quater of law-firm partners. We invalidate ourselves through speech, body language, and weak handshakes. And we still earn less-77 cents to every dollar-and ask for 10 less frequently. “If you look at girls on paper, they’re terrific,” says Simmons, who runs a leadership institute for girls and has also written on female aggression. “But get them into a job interview or negotiating a raise, and it’s another story.”A）almost B）barely C）barriers D）benefits E）climbF）confidence G）deserve H）enter I）graduate J）hiddenK）influence L）outnumber M）proven N）raises O）salaryIt's easy to look at today's women and think we've come a long way. On one hand, we've reaped the benefits our feminist mothers fought for, and we're encouraged, time and again, to "be whatever we want to be." We outnumber boys in graduation rates, collegeenrollment, and school leadership positions, and have proven ourselves professionally. Things look promising; to the point that even a beauty queen can climb on stage and declare "there are no longer any barriers against us," as did the winner of Miss Universe this month. (Though apparently she doesn't see the irony of announcing this while being judged and rated on her appearance and poise.)But all those ribbons and medals don't translate to the real world if women are too afraid to ask for what they deserve. As Simmons puts it, "Girls collect achievements by the handful, but often don't have the confidence to own them." Sure, we may outpace the guys around us in school, but by the time we enter college, we'll have given up our leadership roles. We'll make up just a third of business-school students and barely a quarter of law-firm partners. We invalidate ourselves through speech, body language, and weak handshakes. And we still earn less—77 cents to every dollar—and ask for raises less frequently. "If you look at girls on paper, they're terrific," says Simmons,who runs a leadership institute for girls and has also written on female aggression. "But get them into a job interview or negotiating a raise, and it's another story."(2)India has come up with the world’s cheapest “laptop”, a touch-screen computing device that costs $35. India’s Human Resource Development Minister Kapil Sibal this week O the low-cost computing device that is designed for students, saying his department had started talks with global manufacturers to start J production. “We have reached a E stage that today, the other board, its chip, the processing, connectivity, all of them cumulatively C around $35, including memory, display, everything,”he told a news conference. He said the touchscreen gadget was L with Internet browsers, PDF reader and video conferencing facilities but its hardware was created with M flexibility to incorporate new components according to user requirement. Sibal said the Linux based computing device was expected to be introduced to higher education institutions from 2011 but the aim was to drop the price further to $20 and Nto $10. The device was developed by research teams at India’s premier technological institutes, the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Science.The laptop is one effort made by India to improve basic facility in schools. It spends about three percent of its A budget on school education and has improved its G rates to over 64 percent of its 1.2 billion population but studies have shown many students can B read or write and most state-run schools have inadequate facilities.A）annual B）barely C）cost D）critical E）developmentalF）invented G）literacy H）literate I）manual J）massK）massive L）packed M）sufficient N）ultimately O）unveiled(3)It has long been known that high-calorie food can act as a balm（镇痛软膏）for anxiety and bad moods, but now a series of new studies published in Psychological Science 1 that high-calorie food may be a balm for economic anxiety, too, and one that we are prepared to apply whenever we perceive 2 in the world.In one of the experiments, people who were exposed to words suggesting tough times, like "disaster," "suffer," and "struggle," were promoted to eat more high-calorie food and 3 low-calorie food than a control group did-even though these words were in the background, on a poster, and not 4 understand. Taste didn't come into it; neither did pleasure. "The cues I used did not change people's 5 ," says lead author Juliano Laran, a University of Miami marketing professor who 6 in consumer psychology and self-control, "and I specifically found that people were not looking for pleasure, but rather for food items that can 7 them fed for longer period of time."The inspiration for the studies came from New York City's policy of posting calorie counts in restaurants, which Laran noticed did nothing to 8 the consumption of high-calorie food. "This signaled," he says , "that misinformation was not the 9 issue, that there was something else 10 on."A）decrease 减少B）directly 直接地C）going出行，离去D）keep 保持B）E）lessF）main G）mind 心，精神，心力，知，智力，智慧H）mood I）occasionally 偶尔J）pleasure愉快K）psychological心理的L）specializes专门从事，专攻( specialize的第三人称单数)M）succeeds 成功( succeed的第三人称单数)N）suggests O）troubleSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet .(1) Endangered PeoplesA) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves~ he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people's cries are the same: "Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?"E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: "Where are they? Where did they go? "He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: "As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!"H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich' in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich' in woman describes the situation in thesewords: "Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever."I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回，打消) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich' in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.1. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.2. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.3. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.4. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.5. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.6. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.7. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.8. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.9. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.10. The Gwich'in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.CAEBD FJLKH(2) Jaguars Don't Live Here AnymoreA)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黄褐色的) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (谨慎的) to declare that the jaguar has critical .habitat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step toward developing a plan for helping that species recover.D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for the jaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼兽) was sighted in this country was in the early 1900s.F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish and Wildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in the United States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧场主), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (红外摄像机) traps to gather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have been the sole resident American jaguar, and his extensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently, they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't want to. Last March, a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and Wildlife Service to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, now under a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (诉讼). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard toconserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.L)The jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to our country, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat itM )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick with their original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States.2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because of their rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.(3) Driver’s License Test TipsA)This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s licens e test. Adequate preparation is absolutely essential, without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.B)Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life. It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases, as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law. For some people, the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow, to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.C)The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared. This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice. If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test, all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’s license test will be utterly pointless and redundant. You can read as many driver’s license test tips as you want, but if you are not practicing enough, then all these driving test tips will be in vain. Enrolling yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.D)Now, if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test, the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for. The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the look out for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.E)Starting the vehicle: The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle. Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.F)Control of the vehicle: He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle. Your abilities with the gas pedal, the brake, the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.G)Steering: Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering. This quality is closely analyzed by theinstructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的), the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.H)Driving in traffic: Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance. Many people get extremely stressed and nervous, when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when d riving in traffic. Also read more on road safety and car safety.I)Traffic signs and lane discipline: This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test. Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your very first attempt.J)Stopping: Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have. When the instructor asks you to stop the car, the timing, the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.K)Backing up and distance judgment: Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized. If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily, parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you.L)Hill parking: One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking. This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver. If you can display good skills at hill parking, it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.M)Arm signals and driving etiquette: Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time. Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test. Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a better chanc e of clearing their driver’s license test. The primary goal of these driver’s license test tips is to instill(慢慢灌输)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individual. These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.O)Here are a few more basic driver’s license test tips that you should keep in mind when you’re learning how to prepare for your driving test. Always use the restroom before your test begins. Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test. Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test. Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly. Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork. Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach. Stick to the permitted speed limit. Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.P)Passing a driver’s license tes t is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education. You could face a lot of difficulties. At the end of the day, remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test, so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test. This cannot be reinstated enough, but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.1.According to this article, the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.2.Your timing, positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stop your test car.3.Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.4.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.5.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.6.In order to pass your driver’s license test, you should practice.7.Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.8.During the preparation process, a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.9.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.10.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.。