专业英语翻译二
专业英语短文翻译2
专业英语短文翻译2南京邮电大学复习资料五:《专业英语》短文翻译1.The reader may ask , how does the demultiplexer know which groupof 8-digits relates to channel 1, 2, and so on ? Clearly this is important ! The problem is easily overcome by specifying a frame format , where at the start of each frame a unique sequence of pulses called the frame code , or synchronization word , is placed so as to identify the start of the frame. A circuit of the demultiplexer is arranged to detect the synchronization word, and thereby it knows that the next group of 8-digits corresponds to channel 1.2.Advances in audio, video and speech coding and compression algorithms and progress in Very Large System Integration technology influence the bit rate generated by a certain service and thus changethe service requirements for the network. In the future, new services with unknown requirement will appear. For the time being it is yet unclear, e. g. what the requirement in terms of bit rate for HDTV will be. A specialized network has great difficulties in adapting to changing or new service requirements.3.When the transmitter wishes to send data, it first places the line in a space level (i. e. , the complement of a mark) for one element period. This element is called the start bit and has a duration of T seconds. The transmitter then sends the character, 1 bit at a time, byplacing each successive bit on the line for a duration of T seconds, until all bits have been transmitted. Then a single parity bit is calculated by the transmitter and sent after the data bits. Finally, the transmitter sends a stop bit at a mark level (i. e. the same level as the idle state) for one or two bit periods. Now the transmitter may send another character whenever it wishes4.The cellular switch, which can be either analog or digital, switches calls to connect mobile subscribers to other mobile subscribers and to the nationwide telephone network.. It also contains data links providing supervision links between the processor and the switch and between the cell sites and the processor. The radio link carries the voice and signaling between the mobile unit and the cell site. Microwave radio links or wire lines carry both voice and data between the cellsite and the MTSO.5.Today's telecommunication networks are characterized by specialization . This means that for every individual telecommunication service at least one network exists that transports this service. A few examples of existing public networks are described below Computer data are transported in the public domain by a packet switched data network (PSDN) based on X.25 protocol6.Today’s telecommunication networks are characterized by specialization . This means that for every individual telecommunication service at least one network exists that transports this service. A few examples of existing public networks are described below:Computer data are transported in the public domain by a packet switched data network (PSDN) based on X.25 protocols.Television signals can be transported in three ways: broadcast via radio waves using ground antenna, by the coaxial tree network of the community antenna TV (CATV) network or recently via a satellite, using the so-called direct broadcast system (DBS)7.By far the most popular serial interface between a computer andits CRT (显示器) terminal isthe asynchronous serial interface . This interface is so called because the transmitted data and the received data are not synchronized over any extended period and therefore no special means of synchronizing the clocks at the transmitter and receiver is necessary. In fact, the asynchronous serial data link is a very old form of data transmission system and has its origin in the era of the第1页共4页南京邮电大学teleprinter.8.At the receiving end of an asynchronous serial data link, the receiver continually monitors the line looking for a start bit. Once the start bit has been detected, the receiver waits until the end of thestart bit and then samples the next N bits at their centers, using a clock generated locally by the receiver. As each incoming bit is sampled, it is used to construct a new character. When the received character has been assembled, its parity is calculated and compared with the receivedparity bit following the character. If they are not equal, a parityerror flag is set to indicate a transmission error.9.If we consider binary transmission , the complete informationabout a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of the pulse. By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape , or level of the transmitted signal ; parameters are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path . Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital transmission.10. The Internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very large network resources . The network resources can be divided into network facilities resources and network information resources . The network facilities resources provide us the ability of remote computation and communication . The network information resources provide us all kinds of information services , such as science , education , business , history , law , art , and , entertainment , etc11.The SDH standards are based on the principle of direct synchronous multiplexing which is the key to cost effective and flexible telecommunication networking. In essence, it means that individual tributary signals may be multiplexing directly into a higher rate SDH signal without intermediate stage of multiplexing. SDH Network Elements can then be interconnected directly with obvious cost and equipment savings over the existing network.12.Improvements in component performance, cost, and reliability by 1980 led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies. Fibre soon became the preferred transmission medium for long-haul trunks. Some early installations 0. 8 µm light sources and graded-index multimode fibre, but by 1983, designers of intercity links were thinking in terms of 1. 3 µm, single-mode systems. The single-mode fibere, used in conjunction with a 1. 3 µm laser, provides a bandwidth advantage which translates into increased repeater spacings for high data rate system.13.The individual elements of multimedia are already handled by a standard 486 personal computer, such things as audio, graphics and text, but the major challenge is in real time video, for this is the major business requirement and a necessity if multimedia systems are to become standard items for the desktop. This real time processing requires a vast amount of data storage and this is a function of the amount of information contained in a colour picture, for instance a normal640×480pixel colour picture requires well over 1 M bytes of storage to give the required quality, though for full motion video this is increased up to 100 M bytes of data.1.读者也许会问，解复用器怎么知道哪一组8位码对应于第一路、第二路及其他各路呢?显然这是很重要的。
专业英语第二章翻译
Chapter 2 Boiler第二章锅炉Air heater 空预器Commissioning 试运行Anchor 支座，固定Compressor 压缩机、压气机Anhydrous ammonia 无水氨Condenser 凝汽器Anthracite 无烟煤Containment 反应堆安全壳Atomized 雾化Convection 对流Austenitic 奥氏体钢Coolant 制冷剂Auxialiary 辅助机械Coordinated 坐标，定位Axis 轴Corten低合金耐腐蚀钢Bagasse 甘蔗渣Counterflow 逆流（换热器）Bare tube 光管Creep strength 蠕变强度Bark 树皮Criterion 标准Beam 梁，横梁Critical pressure 临界压力Bituminous coal 烟煤Culm 煤屑Blade 叶片Cyclone furnace 旋风炉Blast 鼓风Debris 残骸、有机残留物Blowdown 排污Decane 癸烷Boiler 锅炉Decay 分解Bulk 大块的Deposited 沉积，沉淀的Burner zone 燃烧器区域Deterioration 恶化Butane 丁烷Diesel oil 柴油Calcination 煅烧Differential 差动，微分Capacity 出力Distillate 馏出物Carbon steel 碳钢Distortion 变形Cerium 铈Division wall 分隔墙，双面水冷壁Chromium 铬Drainage 疏水Circulating fluidized bed CFB 循环流化Drum 汽包床锅炉Coal char 煤焦Dwell time 保留时间Cogenerator 热电联产机组Economizer 省煤器Combustion 燃烧Embrittlement 脆性，脆化Equalization 均衡，平衡Ingress进口，入口Erosive 侵蚀的，腐蚀的In-line 顺列Ethane 乙烷Inorganic 无机的Evaluate 评估，评价Ion 离子Evaporate 蒸发Jurisdiction 权限Excess air 过量空气Lignite 褐煤Extended surface 扩展受热面Lime 石灰Fatigue 疲劳Limestone 石灰石Feedwater 给谁Low alloy 低合金钢Ferrite 铁素体Low-volatile 低挥发分的Fin 鳍片，肋片Margin 裕量，安全系数Flange 法兰Matrix 矩阵Flue gas 烟气Membrane 膜Fouling 沾污Methane 甲烷Furnace 炉膛Mill 磨煤机Generator 发电机Molecule 分子Geological 地质的Molten 熔化Girth 环形Nitric oxide 氮氧化物Govern 控制、调节Nonpressure 非承压的Gravity 重力Nontoxic 无毒的Header 联箱，集箱Organisms 有机体Helical 螺旋状的Oxidation 氧化Helium 氦Peat 泥煤Heterogeneous 不均匀的Pendants superheat platen悬吊式屏式过热器Hopper 斗，料斗Pentane 戊烷Husk 壳，外壳Petrochemical 石油化工制品Hydraulic 水力的，液压的Petroleum 石油制品Ignite 点火Plasma spray coating 等离子喷涂Impurity 杂质Platen 屏Inert 惰性Polymer 聚合物Inferior 低级的，劣质的Pores 气孔，小孔Ingredients 成分Porosity多空的Potassium 钾Slurry 水煤浆Prandtl numbers 普朗特数Sodium 钠Prefabricated 预制的Solvents 溶剂Premium fuel 优质燃料Sootblower 吹灰器Pressure loss 压力损失Sour gas 含硫气体Primary air 一次风Specification 规格Propane 丙烷Stable ignition 稳定着火Proximate analysis 工业分析Stanton number 斯坦顿数Pulp 纸浆Saturated 饱和的Pyrites 黄铁矿Straw 稻草Radius 半径，范围Steam line blowing 蒸汽管路吹灰Rare earth element 稀土元素Steams 茎，杆Recuperator 间壁式换热器Stress corrosion 应力腐蚀Regenerator 回热器，蓄热器Structural formula 结构式Regulate 控制，调节Stud 双头螺栓Repercussions 反应Subbituminous 贫煤，次烟煤Reservoirs 储气罐Suction 真空，负压Residuale fuel oil 渣油Sulphur 硫Resonant 共振Superheater 过热器Retract缩回Swamp 沼泽Reynolds number 雷诺数Sweet gas 无硫气Rigid 刚性的，紧密地Switchgear 配电装置，开关装置Rollers 辊子Temperature-entropy 温熵图Scale 水垢，Tenacious 黏的Seal 密封Thermodynamics 热力学Sedimentary 沉积Tube bundles 管束Serpentine tube 蛇形管Tubular 管状的Shale 页岩Turbine 汽轮机Silica 二氧化硅V elocity 速度Silt 淤泥V ertical spidle mill 中速磨，立轴磨Single-phase 单相V essel 容器Skin casing 外护板Viscosity 黏度Slag 结渣V olumetric expansion 体膨胀Vulnerable 易损的，薄弱的DEH 数字电液系统Wear磨损DNB 偏离核态沸腾Welded 焊接FDF 送风机Wingwall屏式凝渣管FGD 烟气脱硫Yttrim 釔FSSS 炉膛安全检测保护系统Abbreviations HRB 回热锅炉AFBC 常压流化床燃烧IDF 引风机AFCO 燃料自动切断IGCC 整体煤气化联合循环AFWC 给水自动切断LMTD 对数平均温差ASME 美国机械工程师协会MFT 主燃料切断ATM 标准大气压MUF 锅炉补给水BFP 锅炉给水泵NWL 正常水位BUT 按钮OFA 火上风，燃尽风BWC锅炉水浓度PFBC 增压流化床燃烧BYP 旁路SSC 刮板除渣机CFBB 循环流化床锅炉TGA 热重分析仪MCR 最大连续蒸发量UBC 未燃烧DAS 数据采集系统WFGD 湿法烟气脱硫2.1 IntroductionBoilers use heat to convert water into steam for a variety of applications. Primary among these are electric power generation and industrial process heating. Steam has become a key resource because of its wide availability, advantageous properties and non toxic nature. The steam flow rates and operating conditions can vary dramatically; from 1000lb/h (0.1kg/s) in one process use to more than 10 million lb/h (1260kg/s) in large electric power plant; from about 14.7 psi (1 bar) and 212ºF in some heating applications to more than 4500 psi (310bar) and 1100ºF (593℃) in advanced cycle power plant.2.1 简介SSC锅炉利用热量使水转变成蒸汽以进行各种利用。
物流专业英语翻译对照2
第二节 Recent Trends in Logistics1.Third Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。
他们在第一方（供应商或生产商）和第二方（买方或顾客）之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角色。
第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本，提高顾客服务水平。
Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth.A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick–ups and deliveries, whereas in–house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:第三方物流增长十分迅速。
专业英语综合教程2翻译
Unit 11.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。
（illusion）Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运的保存了下来。
(devastate) That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone table survived.3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对地震孤儿的同情。
(fill with) The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.那场大地震中，我们听过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命（leave behind)In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才建成。
(off and on）The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。
专业英语八级-翻译(二)
专业英语八级-翻译(二)(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Exercise One{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.哲学家们以各种各样的方式解释世界。
哲学是言而不是行。
哲学家断乎改变不了自然与社会。
是不能也，非不为也。
哲学不是科学技术，不是生产力。
哲学是怀疑，是思虑，是静观，是探索。
严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。
哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。
哲学也不是知识，不是知识体系，不是儿何学，物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。
哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、深思；而不是提供现存答案。
哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐存静湍的书斋罩读书、思考、思考那究竟至极、虚无缫渺的本体问题。
哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。
面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。
他唯一的财富是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。
哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈——他读书，是同古昔人物交谈：他写作，是同子孙后代奁谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思是同自己交谈。
他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。
他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。
他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。
以哲学为命运的人应当准备在崎岖小路上独行，没有目的，也不会有黄金滚滚而来。
告别鲜花、头衔、掌声和奖品，钟情于思，就会有真哲学。
（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：To some extent, philosophers tend to refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescope to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible onto logical issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the philosophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers, ancient and modem, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe. A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing his own books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself.二、{{B}}SECTION B English TO Chinese{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.The effect of any writing on the public mind is mathematically measurable by its depth of thought.{{U}} How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence. then the effect is to be wide. slow. permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not. they will die like flies in the hour. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is. to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidney's maxim: --"Look in thy heart, and write." He that writes to himself writes to an eternal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered all its praise, and half the people say, "What poetry! What genius!" it still needs fuel to make fire. {{/U}}That only profits which is profitable, Life alone can impart life; andthough we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：那么计算标准是什么呢?如果一部作品发人深省，如果它以其伟大雄辩的声音令你有醍醐灌顶之感，那么该作品对人类思想的影响便是宽广、渐进、永恒的。
专业英语翻译 (2)
It is/我们可以很方便地把电流看作是正电荷的移动，也即，与负电荷的流动方向相反，如图1－1所示。
这一惯例是由美国科学家和发明家本杰明－富兰克林引入的。
虽然我们现在知道金属导体中的电流是由负电荷引起的，但我们将遵循通用的惯例，即把电流看作是正电荷的单纯的流动。
于是电流就是电荷的变化率，它是以安培为单位来度量的。
从数学上来说，电流i、电荷q以及时间t之间的关系是：i=dq/dt.An electric/them电路仅仅是元件之间的相互结合。
我们发现电路中存在有两种元件：无源元件和有源元件。
有源元件能够产生能量而无源元件却不能，无源元件有电阻、电容和电感器等。
最重要的有源元件是通常向与它们相连的电路释放能量的电压和电流源。
Resistors/difficult对于不同端部电流而具有不同电阻的电阻器被称为非线性电阻器。
对于这种电阻器，电阻就等于器件中所流动的电流的函数。
非线性电阻器的一个简单的例子是白炽灯。
这种器件的一个典型的伏——安特性曲线如图1－10所示。
图中我们看到其图形不再是一条直线。
由于它不是一个恒值，对于包含有非线性的电路的分析显得更加困难。
In reality Resistors /事实上，所有实际电阻器都是非线性的，因为所有电阻器的电气性能会受到例如温度等的环境因素所影响。
不过很多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。
专注于这种类型的元件并且仅仅把它们称为电阻器。
The/application在电子电路中电子信号的性质按功能分为几类，一类是模拟电子学，另一类是数字电子学。
模拟和数字电子学使用类似的电子元件，但是它们使用的方法是不同的，并且在技术上表现的很明显，基于这个原因我们应该分开学习它们直到我们能让它们总是不变的应用在仪器和设备中。
Analog/linearity模拟电子学适用于电子电压和电流是模拟的物理量并且不断地变化的系统。
电子电路能重现音乐一定有与音乐成比例的电压和电流。
专业英语术语翻译2
6． point-to-point communications 点对点通信
7． modulated electrical impulse 调制电脉冲
8． communication(s) satellite 通信卫星
79． vendor-centric model 客户中心模式
80． information infrastructure 信息基础结构设施
81． value-added services (VAS) 增值业务
82． vulnerability assessment tool 弱点评估工具
42． switched internetwork 交换式内部网
43． routing protocol 路由协议
44． carrier sense 载波侦听
45． hierarchical network 分层网络
46. dynamic routing 动态路径选择，动态路由选择
57． intelligent hub 智能集线器
58． heterogeneous network 异构网络
59． packet delivery 包传送
60． IBM compatible 与IBM相容的
61． IP datagram IP数据电报
62． system crash 系统崩溃
32． multiple-access network 多路访问网络
33． management software 管理软件
34． broadband connection 宽带连接
35． confidential information 机密情报，机密信息
专业英语翻译 第二课
LESSON 2Properties of Materials材料的特性The properties of a material are those characteristics that help modify and distinguish one material from another.材料的特性是变更和区分一种材料和另一种材料的特征。
All properties are observable and most can be measured quantitatively.所有的特性都是可见的，而且大多数是可以定量测量的。
Properties are classified into two main groups, physical and chemical properties材料特性可分为物理特性和化学特性两大类。
Physical properties involve no change in the composition of the material .物理特性指的是材料成分不发生改变的特性。
Chemical properties are associated with the transformation of one material into another化学特性指的是能够结合一种材料变成另外一种材料的特性。
.Physical properties are, in turn, arbitrarily subdivided into many categories.物理特性，可以被任意地分为许多种类。
These subdivisions bear names such as mechanical, metallurgical , fabrication ,general ,magnetic ,electrical thermal ,optical , thermonuclear ,and electro-optical.这些细类名称包括机械特性，冶金特性，装配特性，通用特性，磁性特性，电子特性Regardless of the name of subdivision ,physical properties result from the response of the materials to some environmental variable ,such as a mechanical force, a temperature change, or an electro-magnetic field. In the following, the mechanical property of materials will be discussed.这些特性是由于材料在环境变化下形成的反应而产生，比如机械力，温度的改变，电磁场。
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专业英语翻译二地理131班邓慧玲1301100012In geography, maps are one of the most important tools researchers, cartographers, students and others can use to examine the entire Earth or a specific part of it.What Is a Map?Simply defined, maps are pictures of the Earth's surface. They can be general reference and show landforms, political boundaries, water, the locations of cities, or in the case of thematic maps, show different but very specific topics such as the average rainfall distribution for an area or thedistribution of a certain disease throughout a county.Today with the increased use of GIS, also known as Geographic Information Systems, thematic maps are growing in importance.The Different Types of MapsThe following is a list of each major map type used by geographers and a description of what they are and an example of each kind.∙Political Map: A political map does not show any topographic features. It instead focuses solely on the state and national boundaries of a place. They also include the locations of cities - both large and small, depending on the detail of the map. A common type of political map would be oneshowing the 50 U.S. states and their borders along with the United States' north and southinternational borders (map of the United States).∙Physical Map: A physical map is one that shows the physical landscape features of a place. They generally show things like mountains, rivers and lakes and water is always shown with blue.Mountains and elevation changes are usually shown with different colors and shades to show relief.Normally on physical maps green shows lower elevations while browns show high elevations. An example of a physical map is one showing the state of Hawaii (map of Hawaii). Low elevation coastal regions are shown in dark green, while the higher elevations transition from orange to dark brown. Rivers are shown in blue.∙Topographic Map: A topographic map is similar to a physical map in that it shows different physical landscape features. They are different however because they use contour lines instead of colors to show changes in the landscape. Contour lines on topographic maps are normally spaced at regular intervals to show elevation changes (e.g. each line represents a 100 foot (30 m) elevation change) and when lines are close together the terrain is steep. For example a topographic map showing the Big Island of Hawaii would have contour lines that are close together near the steep, high elevation mountains of Mauna Loa and Kilauea. By contrast, the low elevation, flat coastal areas show contour lines that are spread apart.∙Climate Map: A climate map shows information about the climate of an area. They can show things like the specific climatic zones of an area based on the temperature, the amount of snow an area receives or average number of cloudy days. These maps normally use colors to show differentclimatic areas. A climate map for Australia for example uses colors to show differences between the temperate area of Victoria and desert region in the center of the continent.∙Economic or Resource Map: An economic or resource map shows the specific type of economic activity or natural resources present in an area through the use of different symbols or colorsdepending on what is being shown on the map. For example an economic activity map for Brazil can use colors to show different agricultural products of given areas, letters for natural resources and symbols for different industries (image showing a map of Brazil).∙Road Map: A road map is one of the most widely used map types. These maps show major and minor highways and roads (depending on detail) as well as things like airports, city locations and points of interest like parks, campgrounds and monuments. Major highways on a road map are generally red and larger than other roads, while minor roads are a lighter color and a narrower line.A road map of San Francisco, California for example would show the major highways as a wide redline and other large roads as a lighter red with minor streets as gray (map of San Francisco).∙Thematic Map: A thematic map is a map that focuses on a particular theme or special topic and they are different from the six aforementioned general reference maps because they do not just show natural features like rivers, cities, political subdivisions, elevation and highways. If these items are on a thematic map, they are background information and are used as reference points toenhance the map's theme. An example of a thematic map would be one showing the population change of Canada in specific locations from 1996 to 2001. The map shows the theme it isattempting to get across to its audience and uses a political map (e.g. one showing the provincial and territorial borders of Canada) to give it more of a reference.翻译：在地理学的角度,地图对研究者来说是最重要的一个工具,制图者、学生和其他人可以使用它来检查整个地球或一个特定的一部分。