东师英语教学法
(完整版)《英语教学法》unit_1_language_and_learning
(完整版)《英语教学法》unit_1_language_and_learning Unit 1: Language and LearningIntroduction to English Language Teaching MethodologyEnglish language teaching methodology is a vital aspect of language education. It plays a crucial role in enabling learners to develop proficiency in a second language. In this unit, we will explore the various approaches, methods, and techniques used in English language teaching. Understanding these methods is essential for language teachers to effectively plan and deliver instruction to their students.1. The role of language in teaching and learningLanguage is not solely a means of communication; it is also a tool for learning. It allows individuals to acquire knowledge, express ideas, and interact with others. In the context of language teaching, a comprehensive understanding of language is important. Teachers must consider the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing, along with grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. By incorporating these elements, teachers can promote language acquisition and development in their students.2. The communicative approachThe communicative approach is widely acknowledged as an effective language teaching method. It focuses on real-life communication and the purposeful use of language. In this approach, learners engage in meaningful tasks that require them to use English to express themselves authentically.The communicative approach encourages learners to develop their fluency and accuracy by providing opportunities for interaction and authentic communication.3. The lexical approachThe lexical approach emphasizes the importance of teaching vocabulary and collocations in language learning. It recognizes that grammar and vocabulary are interconnected and that learners must acquire both to communicate effectively. Teachers following the lexical approach prioritize teaching high-frequency and useful vocabulary, as well as the collocations and phrases associated with them. By developing a strong lexical repertoire, learners can enhance their language proficiency and understanding.4. Task-based language teachingTask-based language teaching (TBLT) is a learner-centered approach that focuses on the completion of meaningful tasks. In TBLT, learners are presented with a task that requires the use of language to accomplish a specific goal. These tasks can be simulations of real-life situations or problem-solving activities. By engaging in these tasks, learners develop their language skills while also achieving the task objective. TBLT promotes both language acquisition and the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills.5. Technology-enhanced language teachingTechnology has revolutionized language teaching and learning. It provides teachers and learners with access to an array of digital resources and tools. Technology-enhanced language teaching encompasses the use ofeducational software, online platforms, multimedia materials, and interactive activities. It enhances learner engagement and provides opportunities for independent learning. Integration of technology in language teaching opens up new possibilities for personalized and adaptive instruction.ConclusionEnglish language teaching methods continually evolve to meet the needs of diverse learners. It is essential for language teachers to keep abreast of current approaches and techniques to maximize instructional effectiveness. The approaches discussed in this unit, including the communicative approach, lexical approach, task-based language teaching, and technology-enhanced language teaching, provide teachers with valuable frameworks to deliver comprehensive and engaging language instruction. By applying these methods, language teachers can foster language learning and promote language proficiency development in their students.(Word count: 585)。
东北师范大学大学英语教学计划
东北师范大学大学英语教学计划根据教育部2015年最新颁布的《大学英语教学指南》以及东北师范大学建设世界一流师范大学的发展目标，特制订我校新的大学英语教学计划。
（一）培养目标东北师范大学本科生大学英语培养目标是通过大学英语课程学习提高学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是英语口语和写作能力；培养可持续的英语自主学习意识和能力；通过以英语为主要教学语言，提升学生的人文素养，拓展学生国际视野，培养学生的跨文化交际能力；通过开展学术英语听说和学术英语写作等技能训练，使学生能够使用英语辅助学业学习、学术交流。
（二）培养要求本科生在读期间，需根据教学要求修满10（8+2=10）学分的英语课程，并通过“东北师范大学英语水平测试”（DET）（普通类、术科类）（详见考试大纲）。
10学分课程中，8学分为大学英语必修课程，1-2学期修完；2学分为大学英语必选课程。
学生在修满8学分的课程后，可任选一门2学分英语选修课程。
（三）课程设置大学英语课程分为大学英语语言基础课程、语言能力提高课程、通用学术英语课程、跨语言文化交际课程和第二外语课程五大模块（详见课程列表）。
其中，语言基础课程模块为必修课程，其余模块为选修课程。
大学英语语言基础课程（4学时/周）配每周1学时的数字化平台上机学习课程。
必修课成绩设通过（P）和不通过（NP）两种，通过后获得相应学分。
学生入学后，凡需修读大学英语课程的学生均需参加东北师范大学入学英语分级测试（英语读、写、听力），并按成绩分班。
普通类学生参加普通类大学英语分级测试，根据成绩分为A、B班，音体美专业学生及少数民族学生参加术科类大学英语分级测试，按成绩分为C、D班。
学生入学后，对已获得托福成绩90分（且单项分数不低于21分）或雅思成绩6.5分（且单项分数不低于6分）以上的学生可免修8学分的大学英语语言基础课程（成绩按折算成百分数后×1.2计算）；托福成绩80分（且单项成绩不低于19.5分）或雅思成绩6.0分（且单项分数不低于5.5分）以上的学生可免修4学分的大学英语语言基础课程（成绩按折算成百分数后×1.2计算）；大学英语四级成绩533分（且单项分数不低于70％）或大学英语六级成绩425分（且单项分数不低于60％）的学生可免修4学分的大学英语语言基础课程（成绩按折算成百分数后×1.1计算）；校内英语水平考试80分以上，可免修剩余英语必修课程（成绩按实际成绩×1.1计算）。
东师理想初中英语教学平台简介
东师理想初中英语教学平台简介王玉玺;唐琳;谷镇;钟永江【摘要】@@ 语言是人类最重要的交流工具,也是人们参与社会活动的重要条件之一.随着当今社会全球化的发展,外语已成为世界各国公民必备的基本素养之-.因此学好外语,特别是英语,具有重要意义.【期刊名称】《中国信息技术教育》【年(卷),期】2010(000)017【总页数】2页(P44-45)【作者】王玉玺;唐琳;谷镇;钟永江【作者单位】广东省深圳市益田高级中学;四川省攀枝花市电化教育馆;东北师范大学理想信息技术研究院【正文语种】中文语言是人类最重要的交流工具，也是人们参与社会活动的重要条件之一。
随着当今社会全球化的发展，外语已成为世界各国公民必备的基本素养之一。
因此学好外语，特别是英语，具有重要意义。
新课标对初中英语教学目标做出了明确的规定：以学生为主体，以教师为主导，发展学生的自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
特别提出：综合语言运用能力是建立在语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展基础上的。
根据新课标的要求我们不难发现，与过去相比，英语教学正在发生着深刻的变化，传统教学手段已无法很好地支撑新课标理念指导下英语学科的教与学活动。
基于以上原因，东北师范大学理想信息技术研究院在对现有英语教学软件产品研究的基础上，设计开发了东师理想英语教学平台，希望能够为新课标理念指导下的英语教学活动提供有益帮助。
● 初中英语教学软件现状分析现有英语教学软件根据应用对象可分为面向教师和面向学生两大类，根据英语学科的教学内容又可分为语言知识和语言技能两大类，根据功能用途还可以分为资料类和支撑工具两大类。
其中面向教师的教学软件多是以提供教学资源为主的教学平台，比较典型的有中学学科网、一百易等网站。
这类平台的主要优势在于集中了大量的一线教学资源，为教师的教学活动提供了丰富的参考；不足在于资源的质量良莠不齐，资源的数量过于庞大，不利于用户的有效选择。
东北师范研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目
东北师范研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目英语教学专业是培养高素质英语教师的重要学科之一。
东北师范大学作为中国著名师范类大学之一，其英语教学专业一直致力于培养具备扎实英语语言基础和专业教育理论知识的研究生。
以下是一份针对东北师范大学英语教学专业研究生的843英语教学专业基础参考书目，这些书目包含了丰富的教材和学术著作，将为研究生提供有力的指导，帮助他们全面、系统地掌握英语教学相关知识和技能。
首先，作为英语教学专业基础参考书的重要组成部分，我们有以下几本经典的外语教学理论与方法类教材：《外语教学理论与方法》(汪向东著)、《语言学习与语言教学》(戴煌言著)、《英语教育学》(池培昌著)、《实用排版指南》(陈皋著)。
这些教材涵盖了教育学、心理学、语言学、文化学等方面的知识，从理论到实践，为英语教学专业的研究生提供了坚实的学科基础。
其次，为了帮助研究生更好地掌握英语语言知识和技能，以下是一些英语语言学习和教学的经典教材：《剑桥英语语法》(拉查尔·沃尔什、洛林·佩尔纽、埃文·科兰共著)、《剑桥英语词汇》(迈克尔·麦卡锡著)、《英语阅读教程》(王怀忠著)、《跨文化交际》(丁传超著)、《实用英语口语》(林忠莲著)等等。
这些教材涵盖了英语词汇、语法、阅读、写作和口语等方面，既有广泛的语言知识，又有实用的教学经验，可使研究生全面提高自己的英语语言水平。
另外，为了帮助研究生更好地了解英语教学的实践和研究，以下是一些与英语教学相关的学术著作和教材：《英语教材评析与教学设计》(丁传超著)、《英语教学反思与教师发展》(李硕著)、《英语写作与教学理论与实践》(戈梦洁、薛静著)、《浅谈英语听力教学策略与方法》(刘光宇著)等等。
这些教材既涵盖了英语教学的研究成果，又关注了教师的职业发展和实际教学中的问题，为研究生提供了宝贵的教学经验和思路。
综上所述，以上所列的东北师范大学研究生843英语教学专业基础参考书目，涵盖了外语教学理论与方法、英语语言学习与教学以及英语教学实践与研究的各个方面。
东北师范大学《英语教学法》在线作业1-0003
英语教学法在线作业1-0003Of task syllabus , ______serve as the basis for organization , sequenced by some sense of chronology or usefulness of notionsA:aimsB:structuresC:functionsD:tasks正确选项：D______ is to study words systematically. This is often done in teaching in a way that the teacher present vocabulary, students understand and do exercises to consolidate learning.A:Extensive learningB:Vocabulary knowledgeC:Contextual meaningD:Intensive learning正确选项：DA topical syllabus is like a______one, except that the headings are broadly topic based.A:situationalB:functionalC:structuralD:skills正确选项：AA syllabus is a document that contains specific elements aimed to actualize the______of curriculum. The specific elements refer to all the things that are to be taught in the course.A:aimB:planC:conceptD:method正确选项：CIn an/a _____syllable, the vowel letter is usually pronounced with the sound of the letter nameA:openB:stressedC:closedD:less stressed正确选项：AKnowledge can be taken in throughout active thinking and trying. Therefore, a good teacher tries to enable students to do their_____and self-exploration.A:self-restraintB:self-disciplineC:self-discoverD:self-discovery正确选项：D_____is the core of writing.A:speechB:textC:languageD:Idea正确选项：D______ is the ability to manage time and discipline oneself to explore along learning process.A:Studying hardB:Denotative meaningC:Self-managementD:Unplanned teaching正确选项：C____are the major material that teachers and students use throughout the course.A:TextbooksB:RealiaC:Supplementary materialsD:PowerPoint正确选项：A____are designed to measure how much of a language learners have learned with respect to a particular language course or program.A:Proficiency testsB:Achievement testsC:Diagnostic testsD:Placement tests正确选项：BPeople’s attitudes toward reflection keep changing, influencedby____ situations.。
东师2022考研英语教学法真题
东师2022考研英语教学法真题【第一部分:单项填空】1. However, some actors _____ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. [单选题] *A.astonishedB. astonishingC. astonish(正确答案)D. is astonished2. He was a _____ figure in the French film industry. [单选题] *A. dominantlyB. dominant(正确答案)C. dominanceD. dominants3. The morning after your arrival, you meet with the _____ physician for a private consultation. [单选题] *A. residentsB. resident(正确答案)C. residenceD. residences4._____a reply, he decided to write again. [单选题] *A. Not receivingB. ReceivingC. Not having received(正确答案)D. Having not received5.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful. [单选题] *A. having plantedB. planted(正确答案)C. have been plantedD. to be planted6. I have bought two ball-pens, _______ writes well. [单选题] *A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of which(正确答案)D. none of which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. [单选题] *A.where(正确答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. [单选题] *A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom(正确答案)9.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. [单选题] *A. why; that(正确答案)B.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what10. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? [单选题] *A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where(正确答案)11. They are not very good, but we like_______. [单选题] *A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anyway(正确答案)C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway12. He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information. [单选题] *A. hopedB hoping(正确答案)C. to hopeD. hope13._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. [单选题] *A. Being roundedB it was foundedC. Founded(正确答案)D. Founding14.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. [单选题] *A. Missing, playing(正确答案)B. missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to play15. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party. [单选题] *A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD not having been invited(正确答案)【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green spacegained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind__71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take__80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.16. [单选题] *A) findings(正确答案)B) thesesC) hypothesesD) abstracts17. [单选题] *A) adaptB) attribute(正确答案)C) allocateD) alternate18. [单选题] *A) amongstB) alongC) besideD) with(正确答案)19. [单选题] *A) gluedB) related(正确答案)C) trackedD) appointed20. [单选题] *A) scrapingB) denyingC) depressingD) shrinking(正确答案)21. [单选题] *A) published(正确答案)B) simulatedC) illuminatedD) circulated22. [单选题] *A)atB)to(正确答案)C)forD)over23. [单选题] *A) fullyB) simply(正确答案)C) seriouslyD) uniquely24. [单选题] *A)vital(正确答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25. [单选题] *A) stillB) alreadyC) too(正确答案)D) yet26. [单选题] *A) benefits(正确答案)B) profitsC) revenuesD) awards27. [单选题] *A) outwardB) apartC) asideD) outside(正确答案)28. [单选题] *A) ImmunityB) ReactionC) Exposure(正确答案)D) Addiction29. [单选题] *A)muchB)less(正确答案)C)moreD)little30. [单选题] *A) installmentB) expeditionC) analysis(正确答案)D) option31. [单选题] *A) curiouslyB) negativelyC) necessarily(正确答案)D) comfortably32. [单选题] *A) relievedB) delegatedC) approved(正确答案)D) performed33. [单选题] *A)merelyB)always(正确答案)C)mainlyD)almost34. [单选题] *A) advantage(正确答案)B) exceptionC) measureD) charge35. [单选题] *A) elevatedB) mercifulC) contentedD) grateful(正确答案)【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einsteinemerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,”Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”36. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? [单选题] *[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(正确答案)37. What was critical to Einstein’s success? [单选题] *[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.(正确答案)[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.38. What does the author tell us about physicists today? [单选题] *[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(正确答案)39. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? [单选题] *[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(正确答案)40. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. [单选题] *[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles(正确答案)[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poorcountries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discoveredthat illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? Wehave to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be ableto escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity forthe foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.41. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor [单选题] * countries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.(正确答案)42. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system [单选题] *[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.(正确答案)[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.43. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that [单选题] *[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.(正确答案)[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.44. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged [单选题] *[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.(正确答案)[D] as a result of pressure on government.45. According to the last paragraph, development of education [单选题] *[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.(正确答案)[D] cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations oforganisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plantsand their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.46.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1? [单选题] *[A]It excludes interactions between more than two species.[B]It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.[C]Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.(正确答案)[D]Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.47.According to paragraph 2. which of the following is true of the action of natural selection on hosts and parasites? [单选题] *[A]Hosts benefit more from natural selection than parasites do.[B]Both aggression in predators and defensive capacities in hosts are favored for species survival.(正确答案)[C]The ability to make toxic chemicals enables a parasite to find and isolate its host.[D]Larger size equips a parasite to prey on smaller host organisms.48.Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about theAustralian rabbit population? [单选题] *[A]Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite. and the relationship between them.(正确答案)[B]The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.[C]Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.[D]Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.49.According to paragraph 3, all of the following characterize the way natural selectionstabilized the Australian rabbit population EXCEPT: [单选题] *[A]The most toxic viruses died with their hosts.[B]The surviving rabbits were increasingly immune to the virus.[C]The decline of the mosquito population caused the spread of the virus to decline.(正确答案)[D]Rabbits with specific genetic make-ups were favored.50.According to paragraph 5. which of the following is NOT true of the relationshipbetween the bull's horn acacia tree and the Pseudomyrmex ants? [单选题] *[A]Ants defend the host trees against the predatory actions of insects and animals.[B]The acacia trees are a valuable source of nutrition for the ants.[C]The ants enable the acacia tree to produce its own chemical defenses.(正确答案)[D]The ants protect the acacia from having to compete with surrounding vegetation.。
东北师范大学英语教材
东北师范大学英语教材东北师范大学英语教材是一套为该校的英语学习者设计的教材，它旨在提高学生的英语听、说、读、写能力。
本教材涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础单词和语法到实用的口语和写作技巧，为学生提供了全面的学习资源。
以下将对该教材的特点和优势进行详细阐述。
首先，东北师范大学英语教材注重教学内容的系统性和连贯性。
教材分为初级、中级和高级三个等级，每个等级都有明确的学习目标和课程设置。
在初级阶段，教材主要关注词汇和基础语法的学习，帮助学生建立起扎实的英语基础。
中级和高级阶段则更加注重提高语言的应用能力，涵盖了更复杂的语法、听力、口语和写作任务。
其次，东北师范大学英语教材强调实用性。
教材中的语言材料和练习都是围绕实际生活和学习场景展开的，学生可以学到一些实用的英语表达方式。
比如，教材中会涉及到日常生活中的购物、旅游、交流等话题，帮助学生提高在这些情境下的交际能力。
此外，教材中还会引入一些与学科相关的内容，如科学、历史、文化等，帮助学生扩展视野，培养跨学科的学习能力。
第三，东北师范大学英语教材注重学习策略和自主学习的培养。
教材中会引导学生使用一些学习技巧，如如何进行听力训练、阅读理解和写作技巧等。
同时，教材也鼓励学生进行自主学习，提供了一些自主学习的任务和练习题，帮助学生提高学习效果和养成自主学习的习惯。
最后，东北师范大学英语教材注重培养学生的跨文化交际意识。
教材中会涉及到一些与跨文化交际相关的话题，如文化差异、国际交流等。
通过学习这些内容，学生可以培养自己的跨文化交际能力，更好地适应国际化的社会环境。
总之，东北师范大学英语教材是一套质量过硬的教材，它结合了系统性、实用性、培养学习策略和跨文化交际意识等多个方面的优势。
希望学生们能够充分利用这套教材，提高自己的英语水平，为未来的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。
东北师大附中英语教研活动
英语教研活动英语教研活动是一种以促进英语教师专业发展和提高英语教学质量为目的的学术性活动。
一、活动目标：1.提升教师的英语教学水平，掌握先进的英语教学方法和策略。
2.增进教师之间的交流与合作，形成良好的教师团队。
3.帮助学生提高英语学习效果，培养学生的英语能力和素养。
二、活动内容：1.理论学习：组织教师学习最新的英语教育理论和研究成果，使教师掌握先进的英语教学理念和方法。
例如，学习“任务型教学法”、“整体语言教学”等理论。
2.教学研讨：定期举办教学研讨活动，分享教师的教学经验和创新做法。
例如，探讨“如何有效开展英语课堂活动”、“如何评价学生的英语学习效果”等议题。
3.案例分析：分析成功的英语教育案例，总结其他教师在英语教学中的成功经验。
例如，分析一堂优秀的英语课教学案例，探讨其背后的教学策略和方法。
4.课堂观察：组织教师进行课堂观察，了解教师的教学情况和学生课堂参与情况，提供反馈和建议。
例如，观察某位教师的英语课堂教学，对其教学方法、课堂氛围等进行评估。
5.学术交流：组织教师参加学术会议和研讨会，了解最新的英语教学趋势和研究成果。
例如，参加全国外语教学研讨会，分享和交流英语教学心得。
6.学生辅导：组织教师为学生提供辅导和指导，解决学生在英语学习中的问题。
例如，开展英语角活动，为学生提供口语练习和交流的平台。
7.课程开发：根据学生的需求和兴趣，组织教师开发适合的英语课程，提供更多的学习选择。
例如，开发英语选修课程，满足不同层次学生的英语学习需求。
8.教育研究：组织教师进行英语教学的研究，探索更有效的英语教学方法和策略。
例如，开展关于“如何有效提高学生的英语阅读理解能力”的研究项目。
三、活动流程：1.活动筹备：确定活动时间、地点、参与人员及活动议题等事项。
2.活动启动：介绍活动目的、内容及安排，明确活动任务和要求。
3.活动实施：组织教师参与各项活动，确保活动的顺利进行。
4.活动总结：对活动进行总结和评价，总结经验教训，为今后的教研活动提供参考。
高等师范院校《英语教学法》教学改革建议
高等师范院校《英语教学法》教学改革建议作者：杨春玲来源：《读与写·教育教学版》2011年第05期摘要：新课程标准下的中学英语教学改革对中学英语教师素质的要求提出了更高的标准。
作为培养中学英语教师的高等师范院校对英语教学法课程的改革也是势在必行。
《英语教学法》课程改革可以从教材的科学选取、教学内容的合理安排、教学方法的灵活多变三个方面展开。
其中课例分析、微格教学、专题研究和“走出去、请进来”几种方法是高师院校英语教学法课程改革的成功借鉴。
关键词：英语教学法教材教学内容教学方法改革中图分类号：G642.0文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1578(2011)05-0058-02高师英语教育专业的根本任务是培养合格的中学英语师资，为保证毕业生具有从事英语教学的能力，《英语教学法》被列为高师院校英语专业学生一门重要的专业课程。
然而近十年来我国中学英语教学的巨大改革步伐，对高等师范院校英语教学法课程的教学提出了很大的挑战。
中学英语教学的改革，以新教材的逐渐在全国启用而展开的。
中学英语新课程标准明确规定了教学的重要目的是“培养学生初步运用英语的交际能力”。
新大纲和新教材的使用已给中学英语教学带来了许多变化，最为明显的是教学方法和教学模式的变化，然而最根本的还是教学思想和观念的转变。
作为培养中学教师的师范院校，应该怎样跟上中学基础教育的改革步伐，培养合格的中学英语教师仍是我们需要考虑的问题。
作为一名《英语教学法》课程教师，笔者认为该课程教学改革已经是势在必行。
1、《英语教学法》教材存在的问题自80年代初以来，我国出版了多版本《英语教学法》或《中学英语教学法》，这些教材为培养师资和指导中学英语教学起过很大作用。
但是，随着教学实践的深入，尤其是现行中学英语新课程标准的实施和新教材的使用，上述教材也暴露了所潜在的局限性，呈现了明显的滞后状态，不能适应英语教学新发展的需要。
首先在理论上：大多数的英语教学法教材对现代语言学、应用语言学、国外外语教学理论以及其他相关学科如认知心理学、交际学等理论研究的新成果没能及时、辩证、积极地吸取和借鉴，并用之来审视、启发和指导我国英语教学实践，没能摆脱传统观念的束缚，仍以结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学为其理论基础，把听说法当作英语教学的根本方法来采用和推广。
东师学科英语教案模板范文
---课程名称：小学英语年级：五年级教材：《牛津小学英语》单元主题：My Family课时：2课时教学目标：1. 知识目标：- 学生能够识别并正确使用家庭成员的英语单词，如：mother, father, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother等。
- 学生能够运用所学单词进行简单的自我介绍。
2. 能力目标：- 学生能够听懂并理解关于家庭成员的英语对话。
- 学生能够在情景中运用所学单词和句型进行简单的交流。
3. 情感目标：- 学生能够增强对家庭的认知，培养家庭观念。
- 学生能够通过英语学习，提高对英语学习的兴趣。
教学重点：1. 家庭成员的英语单词和句型。
2. 在情景中运用所学知识进行交流。
教学难点：1. 家庭成员单词的发音和拼写。
2. 在实际情境中灵活运用所学知识。
教学过程：第一课时一、热身（Warming-up）1. 播放与家庭相关的歌曲，如《My Family》，活跃课堂气氛。
2. 让学生自由发言，介绍自己的家庭成员。
二、新课导入（Presentation）1. 教师展示家庭成员的图片，引导学生说出对应的英语单词。
2. 教师示范简单的家庭介绍句型，如：“This is my mother. She is a teacher.”，并让学生跟读。
三、趣味操练（Practice）1. 分组活动：每组学生用所学单词和句型介绍自己的家庭成员。
2. 游戏环节：教师准备一些家庭成员的卡片，让学生随机抽取卡片，并用英语介绍。
四、课堂小结（Summary）1. 教师带领学生回顾本节课所学内容。
2. 让学生用所学知识进行自我介绍。
第二课时一、复习（Revision）1. 播放与家庭相关的英语视频，让学生巩固所学知识。
2. 学生之间互相提问，复习家庭成员的英语单词和句型。
二、新课学习（Presentation）1. 教师展示家庭成员的不同场景图片，如：在厨房做饭、在客厅看电视等。
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期末作业考核
《英语教学法》
满分100分
I. Fill in the blanks.（每题1分，共38分）
1. For both native speakers and non-native speakers, fluency includes __ _ (1), _ __ (2),
__ _ (3) and __ _ (4). Fluency is a general term for good speaking __ _ (5).
2. For different level accuracy means different things which go from _ __ (6) _ __ (7)
to _ _ _ (8) _ __ (9).
3. In studying the relation between fluency and accuracy, there is one point to be sure, that is, fluency does not __ _ (10) accuracy at all.
4. Humans acquire language by understanding messages or by receiving _ __ (11) _ __(12)
in the _ __ (13) process.
5. Engaging learners in __ _ (14) interaction in the second or foreign language classroom is essential and involves the processes of both _ __ (15) and _ __ (16) _ __ (17).
6. In Krashen’s theory, adults have two distinctive ways of developing competence in second or foreign language learning, that is, _ __ (18) and __ _ (19).
7. Anderson’s theory is that of the acquisition of cognitive skills, on simple interpretation, ranging from
__ _ (20) __ _ (21) to__ _ (22) _ __ (23) .
8. Teachers should provide _ __ (24) _ __ (25) to prepare the learners with their storage of language information and __ _ (26) __ _ (27) for learners to communicate and to control their production. Teachers’ role is not limited as an imparter; instead teach ers should be __ _ (28) with learners too.
9. Between input and output, there is, usually, a period of _ __ (29) .
10. Learning by doing encourages students to __ (30) the language, which is a process of _ __ (31)
that leads to high level of proficiency.
11. There are two ways to improve students’oral production. One is to practice speaking based on _ _ (32)
and the other is based on _ __ (33) and __ _ (34).
12. There are two kinds of speaking activities. One is _ __ (35)__ _ (36) exchange; the other is _
__ (37) __ _ (38) exchange.
II. Explain the following terms。
（每题5分，共30分）
1. Grammar Translation Method
2. Intonation
3. Systematic teaching and unplanned teaching
4. Background information
5. Organization and style
6. Validity and reliability
III. Open questions.（共32分，第1小题10分、第2、第3小题每题11分）
1. What errors do Chinese learners often make in their speaking and writing? How can you as a teacher deal with
learner errors?（10分）
2. Design a 40-minutes grammar class using inductive approach （11分）
3. What problems are there in teaching writing? How can teachers deal with the problems in teaching writing?11分。