TED英语演讲：童年创伤怎样影响一生的健康

TED英语演讲：童年创伤怎样影响一生的健康童年创伤不是一件长大就能解决的事。

儿科医生Nadine解释虐待、忽视、和父母精神健康不良或有药物或饮酒问题，都会影响儿童的大脑发展。

童年经历影响终身，在高压环境下长大的儿童比他人得到心肺疾病的比例高三倍。

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演说题目：童年创伤怎样影响一生的健康!演说者：Nadine Burke HarrisIn the mid-'90s, the CDC and Kaiser Permanente discovered an exposure that dramatically increased the risk for seven out of 10 of the leading causes of death in the United States. In high doses, it affects brain development, the immune system, hormonal systems, and even the way our DNA is read and transcribed. Folks who are exposed in very high doses have triple the lifetime risk of heart disease and lung cancer and a 20-year difference in life expectancy. And yet, doctors today are not trained in routine screening or treatment. Now, the exposure I'm talking about is not a pesticide or a packaging chemical. It’s childhood trauma.90年代中期, CDC和Kaiser Permanente发现: 暴露于某种事物中会极大增加死亡风险, 七成美国民众的首要死因皆由此引起。

暴露剂量较高时,会影响大脑发育, 免疫系统,内分泌系统, 甚至影响到基因的读取及转录方式。

暴露在极高剂量下的人群, 有3倍的风险患上心脏病和肺癌, 预期寿命缩短20xx年。

然而,目前医生们还未被培训以常规筛查和治疗的手段来应对这种风险。

我所说的暴露危害并不针对某种农药或包装上的化学物质。

而是儿童期创伤。

Okay. What kind of trauma am I talking about here? I'm not talking about failing a test or losing a basketball game. I am talking about threats that are so severe or pervasive that they literally get under our skin and change our physiology: things like abuse or neglect, or growing up with a parent who struggles with mental illness or substance dependence.那么,我要说的是哪种创伤呢? 我要说的可不是考试不及格或输掉篮球比赛。

我要说的是那种如此严重而又无处不在的威胁, 以致于它让我们毛骨悚然, 并从生理上改变了我们：比如,受虐待或被忽视, 又或者,抚养我们的父母, 本身就深受精神疾病之苦, 或是深陷于"物质依赖"疾病。

Now, for a long time, I viewed these things in the way I was trained to view them, either as a social problem -- refer to social services -- or as a mental health problem -- refer to mental health services. And then something happened to make me rethink my entire approach. When I finished my residency, I wanted to go someplace where I felt really needed, someplacewhere I could make a difference. So, I came to work for California Pacific Medical Center, one of the best private hospitals in Northern California, and together, we opened a clinic in Bayview-Hunters Point, one of the poorest, most underserved neighborhoods in San Francisco. Now, prior to that point, there had been only one pediatrician in all of Bayview to serve more than 10,000 children, so we hung a shingle, and we were able to provide top-quality care regardless of ability to pay. It was so cool. We targeted the typical health disparities: access to care, immunization rates, asthma hospitalization rates, and we hit all of our numbers. We felt very proud of ourselves.一直以来, 我都按照所教导的方式来看待这些事情。

要么把它当成一个社会问题-- 交给社会服务去处理, 要么把它当成一个心理健康问题-- 交给心理健康咨询来解决。

后来发生了一些事情, 使我反思我的整个思维方式。

在医院实习结束后, 我想去个我觉得真正需要我的地方, 去个我可以有所作为的地方。

因此，我选择为加利利福尼亚太平洋医疗中心(CPMC)工作, 这是加利福尼亚北部最优秀的私立医院之一, 我与该医院合作,在旧金山最穷、社区服务最差的居民区-- 湾景区猎人角(Bayview-Hunters Point) 开了一家诊所。

在此之前, 整个湾景区(Bayview)社区仅有一名儿科医生, 为一万多名儿童服务, 因此,我们开始挂牌营业, 提供最优质的医疗服务,不论是否有能力支付医疗费用。

这种感觉很棒。

我们找出了在医疗服务上现状与标准的差距：普及医疗保健, 免疫接种率、哮喘住院率等, 我们都完成了达标。

我们为自己感到骄傲。

But then I started noticing a disturbing trend. A lot of kids were being referred to me for ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, but when I actually did a thorough history and physical, what I found was that for most of my patients, I couldn't make a diagnosis of ADHD. Most of the kids I was seeing had experienced such severe trauma that it felt like something else was going on. Somehow, I was missing something important.但就在那时,我开始注意到一种令人忧心的趋势。

很多孩子因为多动症(简称ADHD), 被送到我这里进行医治, 可是,当我对孩子们的病史和身体状况进行彻查时, 却发现大多数患儿的情况, 我无法下"多动症"(ADHD)的诊断。

多数来就诊的孩子都经历过如此严重的创伤, 让人觉得似乎事情并不简单。

不知怎的,我漏查了某个重要的因素。

Now, before I did my residency, I did a master's degree in public health, and one of the things that they teach you in public health school is that if you're a doctor and you see 100 kids that all drink from the same well, and 98 of them develop diarrhea, you can go ahead and write that prescription for doseafter dose after dose of antibiotics, or you can walk over and say, "What the hell is in this well?" So, I began reading everything that I could get my hands on about how exposure to adversity affects the developing brains and bodies of children.在实习之前,我曾攻读公共健康硕士学位, 在公共健康学校里, 我们曾学过这样的一课, 如果你是一名医生, 当你知道有100个孩子从同一口井中饮水, 其中98人患了腹泻, 你可以着手治疗, 给每个病人都开抗生素, 一剂,一剂,又一剂的开。

可是你也可以走去井边，问声,"井里到底有什么鬼东西?" 所以,我开始查阅手头所有的相关资料, 了解暴露在不幸中, 是如何影响儿童的大脑和身体发育的。