铁道行业英语 判断正误及翻译
铁路专业英文词汇
铁路专业词汇一、铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线 railway line； railroad line铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science铁路技术 railway technology铁路等级 railway classification国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway米轨铁路 meter-gage railway宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway单线铁路 single track railway双线铁路 double track railway多线铁路 multiple track railway重载铁路 heavy haul railway高速铁路 high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路 main line railway； trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway工业企业铁路 industry railway矿山铁路 mine railway轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail高架铁路 elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路 forest railway山区铁路 mountain railway既有铁路 existing railway新建铁路 newly-built railway改建铁路 reconstructed railway运营铁路 railway in operation； operation；operating railway专用铁路 special purpose railway干线 trunk line； main line支线 branch line铁路专用线 railway special line货运专线 railway line for freight traffic；freight special line； freight traffic only line客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line； passenger traffic only line客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section区段 district轨距 rail gage； rail gauge轮重 wheel load轴重 axle load最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load限制轴重 axle load limited限界 clearance； gauge限界图 clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance； structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance； fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway； vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界 loading clearance limit； loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contract wire； clearance limit for overhead catenary system； overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction粘着系数 adhesion coefficient车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid车轮空转 wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式 mode of traction牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient速度 speed持续速度 continuous speed 限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed临界速度 critical speed重载列车 heavy haul train高速列车 high speed train超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突 train collision列车尾追 train tail collision列车尾部防护 train rear end protection伸缩运动 fore and aft motion蛇行运动 hunting； nosing列车压缩 train running in列车拉伸 train running out列车分离 train separation列车颠覆 train overturning列车动力学 train dynamics列车空气动力学 train aerodynamics机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock纵向振动 longitudinal vibration横向振动 lateral vibration垂向振动 vertical vibration摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration测滚振动 rolling ； vibration测摆振动 swaying； vibration点头振动 pitching； nodding摇头振动 yawing； hunting机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling纵向冲击 longitudinal impact横向冲击 lateral impact垂向冲击 vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law铁道法规 railway act铁路条例 railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport； intermode transport 国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway； land-railway国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic二、铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程 unit project分部工程 part project分项工程 item project预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study项目建议书 proposed task of project可行性研究 feasibility study设计阶段 design phase； design stage三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计 preliminary design技术设计 technical design扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计 altered design设计概算 apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算 individual approximate estimate综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate； revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算 checking of investment预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget概算定额 rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算 investment estimate估算指标 index of estimate机械台班定额 rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费 reserve fund of project设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查 topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查 geologic survey经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类 classification of soil and rock地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map勘探 exploration； prospecting挖探 excavation prospecting钻探 boring； exploration drilling物探 geophysical prospecting室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test原位测试 in situ test静力触探 static sounding； static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验 standard penetration test区域地质 regional geology工程地质 engineering geology不良地质 unfavorable geology特殊地质 special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement； engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data冻结深度 freezing depth地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图 engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey河道调查 river course survey冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey 汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽 main river channel设计流速 design current velocity设计高程；设计标高 design elevation河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river历史洪水位 historic flood level最高水位 highest water level； HWL通航水位 navigation water level； NWL桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径 hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge 桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度 slope of water surface水文测量 hydrological survey泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area洪水频率 flood frequency设计流量 design discharge设计水位 design water level施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷 allowable scour一般冲刷 general scour局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour三、铁路测量 railway survey线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance初测 preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量 traversing； traverse survey光电导线 photoelectric traverse地形测量 topographical survey 横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差 mean square error最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error中线测量 center line survey中线桩 center line stake加桩additional stake； plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量 bench mark leveling中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling曲线控制点 curve control point放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point副交点 auxiliary intersection point转向角 deflection angle分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth象限角 quadrantal angle经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate断链 broken chain投影断链 projection of broken chain断高 broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段 segment of survey航测选线 aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location； location of railway route selection平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line线间距 distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布 distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height； ascent of elevation横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line展线 extension of line； development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线 overlapping line线路平面图 track plan； line plan线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site站坪坡度 grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve圆曲线 circular curve单曲线 simple curve缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve复曲线 compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves坡度 grade； gradient； slope人字坡 double spur grade限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade临界坡度 critical grade长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade均衡坡度 balanced grade有害地段 harmful district无害地段 harmless district变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade坡段 grade section坡段长度 length of grade section坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线 vertical curve分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting 加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method 概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method 地震系数法 seismic coefficient method四、路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基 rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft； clay region泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soilzone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤 embankment on river bank水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section路基面 subgrade surface； formation路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱 road crown； subgrade crown路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill路堑 cut； road； cutting半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section基床 subgrade bed； formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade； minimum height of fill临界高度 critical height基底 foundation base； base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚 toe of side slope护道 berm取土坑 borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类 classification of filling material 岩块填料 rock block filler； rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准 compacting criteria相对密度 relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量 optimum moisture content； best moisture content最佳密度 optimum density； best density核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slabof subgrade预留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反压护道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂桩 lime sand pile换土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting； chamher blasting扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope； top of cutting 路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 五、防护工程Protection works挡土墙 retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙 guard wall护坡 slope protection； revetment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch边沟；侧沟 side ditch天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊沟 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel渗水暗沟 blind drain渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井 leaching well； seepage well渗管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter检查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer 透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护 slope protection护岸 revetment； shore protection导流堤 diversion dike拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙 wind-break wall防风栅栏 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction六、桥梁 bridge中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load主力 principal load恒载 dead load土压力 earth load静水压力 hydrostatic pressure浮力 buoyancy列车活载 live load of train 列车离心力 centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 ceofficient of impact人行道荷载 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列车制动力 braking force of train列车牵引力 tractive force of train风荷载 wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力 pressure of water flow冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heaving force特殊荷载 particular load船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震级 earthquake magnitude施工荷载 constructional loading荷载组合 loading conbination铁路桥 railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge； flyover高架桥 viaduct旱桥 dry bridge人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge钢桥 steel bridge铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥 concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge 先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge板桥 slab bridge空心板桥 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆装式桁架 demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge 悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥 arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch双铰拱 two-hinged arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥 movable bridge竖旋桥 bascule bridge平旋桥 swing bridge升降桥 lift bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge曲线桥 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大桥 super maior bridge大桥 major bridge中桥 medium bridge小桥 minor bridge单线桥 single track bridge双线桥 double track bridge多线桥 multi-track bridge正桥；主桥 main bridge引桥 approach spans上承式桥 deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge下承式桥 through bridge双层桥 double-deck bridge永久性桥 permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge跨径；跨度 span净跨 clear span桥梁全长 overall length of bridge桥下净空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder节间长度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber挠度 deflection节间 panel锚跨；锚孔 anchor span悬跨；吊孔 suspended span桥梁上部结构 superstructure腹板 web plate翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate弦杆 chord member腹杆 web member斜杆 diagonal member竖杆 vertical member吊杆 suspender hanger 加劲杆 stiffener节点 panel point节点板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate缀条 lacing bar缀板 stay plate； tie plate侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing横联 sway bracing制动撑架 braking bracing桥门架 portal frame纵梁 stringer横梁 floor beam； transverse beam桥面系 floor system端横梁 end floor beam起重横梁 jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效 strain ageing碳当量 carbon equivalent钢丝 steel wire钢丝束 bundled steel wires钢绞线 steel strand钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar箍筋 stirrup纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋 bent-up bar架立钢筋 erection bar构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement预应力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱顶 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱点 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹线 intrados拱背钱 extrados桥塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane缆索 cable斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable吊缆 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夹 cable band； cable clamp锚座 socket锚碇 anchorage明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rail of bridge桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板 foot plank避车台 refuge platform伸缩缝 expansion joint正交异性板 orthotropic plate栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing泻水孔 drainage opening直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing摇轴芝座 rocker bearing 滚轴支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping颤振 flutter扰流板 spoiler风嘴 wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法 launching method赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙 closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮 travelling cradle顶进法 jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure桥台 abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutmentU形桥台 U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身 abutment body前墙 front wall台帽 abutment coping翼墙 wing wall锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking台后填方 filling behind abutment桥墩 pier空心桥墩 hollow pier实体桥墩 solid pier重力式桥墩 gravity pier柔性桥墩 flexible pier拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制动墩 braking pier柱式桥墩 column pierV形桥墩 V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier圆形桥墩 circular pier矩形桥墩 rectangular pier排架式桥墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping 围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台 bearing platform破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation扩大基础 spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson围堰 cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 tubular column foundation桩基础 pile foundation预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile钻孔桩 bored pile挖孔桩 dug pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile钢板桩 steel sheet pile板桩 sheet pile木桩 timber pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile砂桩 sand pile挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送桩 pile follower试桩 test pile斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method导流建筑物 regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam河床铺砌 river bed paving码头 wharf排架 bent脚手架 scaffold悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 七、铁路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤积 silting； siltation流冰 ice drift铁路轮渡 railway car ferries轮渡站 ferry station轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge渡轮 ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip八、铁路隧道 railway tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道 single track tunnel双线隧道 double track tunnel多线隧道 multiple track tunnel车站隧道 station tunnel地铁车站 subway station； metro station特长隧道 super long tunnel长隧道 long tunnel中长隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening。
铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表
铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表第一篇：铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照表铁路专业部分常用词汇中英文对照一、职务名词1.路局MD(Managing Director): 总局长DMD(Deputy Managing Director): 副总局长CS（Corporate Secretary）: 公司秘书MPCA（Manager Planning and Corporate Affairs）: 企划部经理CME(Chief Mechanical Engineer)：机辆总工CCE（Chief Civil Engineer）：工务总工FM(Finance Manager)：财务经理MM （Marketing Manager）：市场经理 TM（Traffic Manager）：运输经理 SM（Supplies Manager）：物资经理 SM（Safety Manager）：安全经理HRM（Human Resources Manager）：人事经理HPR （Head Public Relations）：公关部主管HIT（Head Information Technology）：信息部主管 CIA（Chief Internal Auditor）：内审主管 Chief Pension Officer：退休金主管 Chief Controller ：调度长 2.分局、站段及工厂RGM(Regional General Manager): 分局总经理 RME（Regional Mechanical Engineer）：分局机辆总工RCE（Regional Civil Engineer）：分局工务总工S&T(Signaling & Telecommunication)Engineer: 电务（信号与通信）工程师Head Commercial ：商业主管Head Human Resources ：人事主管Chief Administration Officer：行政主管 Area Manager：区域经理WM（Workshop Manager）: 工厂经理 SM（Station Master）：站长Senior Passenger Officer ：客运主管DPC（District Police Commander）: 地区警察指挥官二、部门和组织名词或惯称 Head Office ：路局或总部CRET（Chinese Railway Expert Team）：中国铁路专家协调组Regional Office：分局 Area Office：区域办事处 Workshop：工厂CSP(concrete Sleeper Plant)：轨枕厂 Quarry ：采石场TTC（TAZARA Training Center）：坦赞铁路局培训中心Locomotive Depot：机务段Rolling Stock Depot：车辆段Marshalling Yard：编组场Construction Unit：房建队Board of Directors:董事会 Board Committee：董事会委员会Committee meeting：委员会会议或预备会Council of Ministers: 部长理事会 Union：工会三、设备名称 1.机车Locomotive Mainline/shunting locomotive: 干线/调车机车DFH Locomotive：东方红机车Diesel Engine：柴油机 Traction Motor：牵引电机 Wheel set：轮对 Bogie：转向架Running Part：走行部Axle: 车轴Coupler：车钩Valve：阀Bearing: 轴承Brake shoe：闸瓦Cow Catcher：排障器Vacuum horse：真空软管 Air pipe：风管Control system：控制系统 Battery：蓄电池DE（Diesel Electric）：柴油电传 DH（Diesel Hydraulic）：柴油液传Driver’s Cab：驾驶室 Crank Shaft：曲轴Locomotive failure：机故 2.Wagon：货车DSO（Down Side Open wagon）: 低帮车CDSO(Container Down Side Open wagon): 低帮集装箱货车HSO(High Side Open):高帮车Co(Covered wagon)：棚车F(Flat wagon)：平板车FT(Flat Tank wagon)：平板罐车 JTW(Jumbo Tank wagon)：大型罐车 CF(Container Flat wagon)：集装箱平车 WW(Well Wagon)：井型车 BV(Brake Van)：守车LS(Livestock wagon)：牲畜车 B(Ballast wagon)：石渣车R(Refrigeration wagon)：冷藏车 3.Coach：客车1st Class Coach：一等车厢（软卧）2nd Class Coach：二等车厢（硬卧）3rd Class Coach：三等车厢（硬座）MD’s Coach: 总局长专用车Super Seat：软座车厢Dining/buffet Car：餐车Lounge Car：酒吧车 Luggage Van：行李车 4.其它设备 Gantry crane：龙门吊 Trolley：轨道车 Reversing Gear：换向机构 Rescue crane：救援吊车Re-railing Equipment：复救设备 Forklift：叉车Mobile crane：汽车吊 Air compressor：空压机 Mono block：轮饼 Coupler knuckle：钩舌 Wooden sleeper：木枕Concrete sleeper：混凝土轨枕Bridge sleeper：桥枕Turnout：道岔Semaphore signal：臂板信号机 Interlocking equipment: 联锁设备Semi-automatic block system：半自动闭塞 Head Crane：桥式吊车 Drop Table：落车台Flaw detection machine：探伤仪Triple valve：三通阀Generator：发电机 Shop ：车间Second crusher：二级破碎机四、运输词汇Financial year：财政年度 Passenger train：客车 Freight train: 货车Commuter train：通勤车 Up train:上行列车 Down train：下行列车 Fuel：燃油Locomotive routing：机车交路Locomotive availability：机车完好率Timetable：时刻表Arrival time：抵达时间 Departure time：出发时间 Freight traffic：货运量Passenger ridership：客运量 Parcel：行包tonne-km：吨公里turnaround time：周转时间 punctuality：正点率 interchange：过轨level crossing：平交道口good shed：货场weighbridge：轨道衡 copper：铜 manganese：锰 coal：煤fertilizer：化肥 timber：木材 maize：玉米wheat flour：面粉 molasses：糖稀 container：集装箱 sulphur：硫磺general cargo：杂货 accident：事故 derail：脱轨 capsize：倾覆五、其它专有名词或短语Ministry of transport: 交通部Immigration office：移民局Exemption: 豁免证/工作许可PS（Permanent Secretary）：常秘cemetery：公墓 Protocol：议定书Concession：特许经营Concessionaire：特许经营者/特许经营单位Manpower position：员工人数 Clearance：清关Shipping documents：海运文件 Bill of Lading: 提货单 Packing List：装箱单 Insurance：保险Commercial Invoice：商务发票 Production meeting：生产交班会 minutes：会议记录MOU（Memorandum of Understanding）：谅解备忘录Invitation letter：邀请函Motor vehicle license: 机动车辆证/上路许可financial statement：财务报表 quarter：季度 Turnover：营业额 Revenue：收入 Expenditure：支出 Pension：退休金 Rates: 费率Freight tariff: 货运价格 Passenger fare：客车票价 Permanent way：工务线路speed restricted area：限速地段 land slide: 滑坡tamping machine：捣固机light/heavy motor trolley: 轻型/重型轨道车ballast：道砟curve: 曲线 culvert：涵洞 tunnel：隧道 gradient: 坡度 gauge：轨距/限界motive power：动力（设备）single locomotive operation：单机牵引MU(multiple unit)operation：多机牵引 axle load：轴重 Cummins：康明斯Transmission type：传动类型 Hydraulic transmission：液力传动 Piston：活塞Air brake: 空气制动Vacuum brake：真空制动H.F.(High Frequency)radio: 高频电台 Microwave：微波 Optic fiber：光纤 Light repair: 小修 Medium repair：中修Rehabilitation/overhaul：大修 Spare part：零配件Kilimanjaro passenger train：乞力马扎罗号客车Mukuba passenger train：姆库巴号客车Compartment：客车包厢 VIP lounge：贵宾室 Control order：调度令 Booking office：售票处第二篇：中国商标法专业词汇中英文对照表商标法专业词汇中英文对照表1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.全国人大常委会第三十次会议the 30th Session of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress 商标注册 trademark registration 商标注册的审查和核准 examination and approval of trademark registration 注册商标的续展、转让和使用许可 renewal, assignment and licensing of registered trademarks 注册商标争议的裁定the determination of disputes concerning registered trademarks 商标使用的管理 the administration of the use of the trademarks 注册商标专用权的保护the protection of the Right to Exclusive Use of a registered trademark 总则general provisions 附则supplementary provisions 10.生产、经营者 the producers and operators 11.社会主义市场经济the Socialist market economy 12.国务院工商行政管理部门商标局the Trademark Office of the administrativedepartment for industry and commerce under the State Council13.商标评审委员会 the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board14.商品商标the commodity trademark 服务商标the service trademark 集体商标 the collective trademark证明商标 the certification trademark 15.商标注册人享有商标专用权，受法律保护the trademark registrants shall be entitled to the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and protected by law.16.(重复前面提到的)该组织the said organization 17.监督能力 the supervising power 18.限期提出答辩 to reply within the specified period 19.该组织以外的单位或者个人the units and individuals apart from the said organizations 20.自然人、法人或者其他组织对其生产、制造、加工、拣选或者经销的商品，需要取得商标专用权的，应当向商标局申请商品商标注册。
铁路高职英语笔试题10
<铁路高职英语>笔试题10Part I: 语法结构StructureSection ADirections: I n this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A),B),C) and D).1.Many people may help you, but, to some _______, you have to be on yourown in most cases.A) reason B) extent C) amount D) goal2.Don’t be afraid of _______mistakes when you learn to speak English.A) doing B) having C) making D) showing3.The job should _______by the time you arrive.A) have finished B) have been finishingC) have been finished D) finish4.The ______ of tickets sold for courier travel is growing by about 10 percentevery year.A) number B) bit C) amount D) symbol5.It’s surprising that she could learn to speak English without a foreign _______at such an old age.A) pronunciation B) tone C) sound D) accent6.It is the _______in that country for women to marry young.A) custom B) habit C) symbol D) event7. The situation _______that he should be present at the meeting.A) directed B) limited C) commanded D) required8.The teacher asked the students to ______ their homework in theafternoon.A) hand out B) hand in C) hand over D) hand up9.She told us _______story that we all forgot about the time.A) such interesting a B) such an interestingC) so an interesting D) a so interesting10.In learning English, many students ________an e-dictionary to a traditionalpaper one.A) like B) expect C) prefer D) respectSection BComplete each sentences with the correct form of the word given.1.She found a good job after she (graduation)__________ from UCLA.2. Be prepared to listen (careful) __________ because the presentersoften speak very quickly.3.Listening is an (importance) __________ part of learning English.4. We will do out best to help those (unfortunately) ___________ people.5.I felt quite (confuse) _______ when I was first at college. I didn’t know whatcourse to take.6.The doctor (suggestion) ________that she come another day.7.The couple sent out wedding (invite) ________to family and friends.8.It’s (frighten) _______ to think the accident could happen again.9.The first textbooks (write)________for teaching English as a foreign languagecame out in the 16th century.10.December 25th had been a (wide) _______ celebrated day in the Roman world. Part II 阅读理解Reading comprehensionTask 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A),B),C),and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the blank.Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts (干旱) and floods.Unfortunately, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire(帝国). It gained the empire, but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced by flood and starvation.Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade villagers to see this. The villagers want wood to cook their food with; and they can earn money by selling wood. They are usually too lazy to plant and look after the trees. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.This does not only mean that the villagers' children and grandchildren will havefewer trees. The results are even more serious, for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in - and also bind the soil, thus preventing its being washed away easily but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away from the surface, causing flood.1.What is the most important function of trees? （）A. Providing fuel.B. Offering shade.C. Preventing natural disaster.D. Providing wood.2.What eventually happened to the empire in the paragraph? （）A. Its people died of hunger.B. It fell to pieces.C. It became a giant empire.D. It built many ships with wood.3.It is implied in the passage that the villagers__________ （）A. want a plentiful supply of trees.B. want firewood badly.C. just want to get money.D. don't realize the importance of trees.4.The role of trees is to__________. （）A. loosen soilB. keep soil in positionC. harden soilD. both A and B5.What is the passage mainly concerned with? （）A. The benefits of trees.B. Trees and soil protectionC. The various uses of trees.D. Different attitudes toward trees.Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1.Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide whatsort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialists’ advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog. But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where there is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection . The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love for its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.1. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage? （）A. You can always get help from the specialists.B. It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.C. You should decide what kind of dog you want.D. Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.2. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog? （）A. The color of the dog.B. The price of the dog.C. Whether the dog will fit the environment.D. Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.3. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?（）A. It must be trained so that it won’t bite.B. It demands more food and space.C. It needs more love and care.D. It must be looked after carefully.4.Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old? （）A. It’s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.B. They are less likely to be shy with human beings.C. They are less likely to run away.D. It’s easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.5. The old “affection”in the passage means _____. （）A. loveB. effectC. tieD. relationshipTask 3Directions: Read the following passage as fast as you can and then decide whether the statements that follow are TRUE or FALSE according to the passage.判断正(T)误(F)Different countries and different people have different manners(礼貌). We must find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do:If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you should not move before the host says, “Come in, please.” After you enter the room, you wouldn’t sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a tea-table before you, or placed in your hand, you should say, “Thank you,” and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or they’ll think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is polite to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a guest never finishes the food on the table; the person leaves a little to show that he/she has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he\she has enjoyed it－this will make the host, and especially the hostess, happy.1. We must find out what the different manners are in different countries so that we can give some examples. ( )2. In China, when the host opens the door, you shouldn’t go in beforehe says, “Come in, please.”（）3. In Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes before you sit down and have cupof tea. ( )4. In European countries, you are not allowed to wear dirty shoes when you go into ahouse. ( )5. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that he/she can’t eat any more.( )Task 4Match the signs with their Chinese translations.1.No spitting 2.No admission by Ticket Only 3.No littering 4.Don ’t disturbA.请勿践踏草地B.请勿打扰C.不要乱扔杂物D.禁止入内Part III 翻译 TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1. depend on2. act as3. take/make (a) mental note(s)4. check in5. give importance to6. carry out7. try hard to do something8. tear down9. go down10. stand/be/wait in lineSection BDirections: This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Aftereach of the sentence, you will read four choices of suggested translation. Y ou shouldchoose the best translation.1. I have to come to discuss with you about the measurements we shall talk to copewith the situation. ( )A.我得来和你讨论关于我们如何应付这个形势。
铁道机车专业英语词汇-铁路列车
齿轨铁路是一种登山铁路。一般铁路可以攀爬 的斜坡坡度约为4°至6°，间中亦可越过短的 9°路段。齿轨铁路在普通路轨中间的轨枕上， 另外放置一条特别的齿轨。行走齿轨铁路的机 车，配备了一个或多个齿轮，跟齿轨啮合着行 走。这样机车便能克服黏着力不足的问题，把 列车拉上达坡度达48°的陡峭斜坡。
In rail transport, a train is made up of a single or several connected rail vehicles that can be moved together along a guideway[ˈgaɪdweɪ]轨道 to transport freight[fret]货物 or passengers from one place to another along a planned route [rut, raʊt] n.航线;路. 在铁路运输中，火车由一辆或几辆相连的轨道车辆组成，这些车
紧急制动
cog [kɑ:g] n.钝齿 railway
齿轨铁路
stow[stoʊ] vt.装，装载，收藏 away无票偷乘（交通工具，尤指船或飞机）;
将某物收好（或保存好）
摆式列车是一种车体转弯时可 以左右倾斜摆动的列车，摆式 列车能够在普通路轨上的弯曲 路段高速驶过而无需减速。
1.国内技术工艺不成熟，特别是摆式机件可靠性差，列车故障率高，实际运用效 果大打折扣； 2.摆式列车之所以能有效提高运行均速是因为它能以车体自主倾斜弥补线路欠超 高，从而以较高速度通过小曲线半径弯道，因此特别适合既有老线路的提速。但 国内已经选择走新建高速铁路客运专线的道路（既有线提速虽然比新建高铁来得 省钱，可是国内既有铁路干线目前已基本饱和，除了新建客运专线分流外别无他 法），在最小曲线半径和线路超高已经很宽裕的高速铁路上，摆式列车无用武之 地； 3.摆式列车对轨道的磨损较严重，国内工务维护又不及国外先进水平，加大了运 营成本； 4.在已经有了技术日益成熟、国产化程度稳步提高的CRH系列动车组的情况下， 铁总的确没有意愿再为了研制摆式列车而不辞辛苦专门去引进国外技术再慢慢 “消化吸收”。
高速铁路乘务员英语
“watch for”在字典上的意思是“等待，期待”之 意。若将警示牌上的英文再翻译过来，是“请等待 一个安全”。所以，不妨翻译为：“Carriage conjunction, please be careful”。
“keep out”的解释是，“用于警示牌，切勿靠近 （进入）”。
这个翻译成“Danger ！No Touch”更准确
你能告诉我餐车在哪吗？ Yes, there is a restaurant carriage by soft sleeper carriage. 是的，有餐车，在软卧车厢旁边。
Drinks
(iced) mineral water black tea green tea hot water milk beer yogurt ice-cream
旅客遗失物品用语
1、What have you got inside?里面有什么东西？ Don’t worry. We’ll try to find it for you.请
不要着急，我们设法帮你找。
Don’t worry. we’ll manage to give it back to you if we find it.请放心，如果我们找到了， 我们设法转交给你。
硬卧可睡六个人，没有门。
Food
1.Can I buy food on the train? 我可以在火车上买食物吗？
Yes, a crew member will come by with food to sell. 是的，乘务员从你身边经过卖东西。
2.Is there a restaurant on the train? Can you show me where it is please?
221114111《铁路客运英语》参考答案
Warming upA.1. b2. c3. d4. aB.1. departure station2. departure time3. ticket price4. ID number5. destination6. seat number7. seat class8. passenger’s name9. QR code 10. train numberC.上铺upper berth 中铺middle berth下铺lower berth 高级软卧luxury soft sleeper软卧soft sleeper 硬卧hard sleeper商务座business class seat 特等座VIP class seat一等座first class seat 二等座second class seat软座soft seat 硬座hard seat无座standingD.1. twelve o’clock2. one o’clock3. two o’clock4. four o’clock5. three o’clock6. five o’clock7. six o’clock8. seven o’clock9. ten o’clockTesting Your EarsA.name, train, thank you, whenB.1. do2. name3. ticket office4. sign5. BeijingC.1. tea2. Here you are3. glad to meet youReadingExercisesA.1. ideal2. offered3. available4. located5. affordable6. Relax7. overnight8. optionsB.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. FC.1. 商务座对乘客来说，是理想的选择。
2. 一些高铁上有VIP坐席，这些坐席不豪华，但是却很舒服。
铁道信号专业英语考试短语翻译
铁道信号专业英语考试短语翻译第一篇：铁道信号专业英语考试短语翻译Thetotal volume of goods货物总量thefreight volume 货运总量Railwaytransport铁路运输transport economics 运输经济学Commercialtransport商业运输publictransport 公共交通 Railway-networkcompany 路网公司heavy-duty train 重载列车Transportsector 运输部门loading capacity 装载量Passenger transport 客运freight transport 货运 Railway trade union 铁路公会high-speed rail 高速铁路Rollingstock车辆urban mass transport system城市轨道交通系统 Security screen 安全网traffic congestion 交通拥挤 Side effect 副作用tilting train 摆式列车Conventional wheeled train 传统的轮式车market segmentation市场细分Peak traveltimes 旅游旺季intercity transport 城际交通 Commutercommunities通勤社区Monorail单轨铁路straddle-beam monorail 跨坐式单轨铁路Suspended monorail 悬挂式单轨铁路rubber-tired carriage 轮胎式客车Turnouts道岔Fire engine 消防车Heavytrain 重载铁路Industrial rail 工业铁路Gradeseparation 立体交叉Street intersections 街道交叉口Wheeled mass transit system轮轨运输系统Load-carrying ability 装载能力Particle accelerator 粒子加速器Mass transit公共交通Service frequency 频繁服务Subgrade 路基Ballast bed 有砟轨道Sleeper/tie/crosstie 轨枕Concrete sleeper 混凝土枕Spike道钉lag screw方头螺钉Main line 主干线Sidetrack 侧线High-speed turnout 高速道岔Bilateral turnout 对称道岔Scissors crossover交叉渡线Stock rail 基本轨Lead curve导曲线轨Curred/divergingrail 弯合拢轨Gap in the frog 有害区间Bolted rigid frog 钢轨组合辙岔Railwayswitch 铁路道岔the diverging track 弯轨A facing-point movement 对向运行Right-hand switch 右开道岔left-hand switch 左开道岔Guard rail(check rail)护轨frog(common crossing)辙岔Switch motor 转辙机feed end 送电端Receiving end 受电端single feeding end 一送多受A-c continuous track circuit 交流连续式25hz phase detecting track circuit相敏轨道电路Leakage current 泄露电流relay energized 继电器吸起Relayreleased 继电器释放all-relay interlocking 继电器电气集中联锁 Computer-controlled interlocking 计算机联锁rescue train 营救列车light rail system 轻轨系统rapid transit高速铁路交通people mover 行人运输系统 electrical power 电力frequent service 经常服务electromagnetic energy 电磁能 magnetic field 磁场gradeseparation 等级分离the volume of passenger客流量high-grade service优质服务trackbed 道床monolithic track bed 整体道床wooder sleeper 木枕anticreeper 防爬器subgradeshoulder 路肩dedicate line 专用线speed-up turnout 提速道岔simple turnout 单开道岔three-throw turnout 三开道岔slip switch交分道岔switch point 尖轨straight rail 直合拢轨wing rail翼轨solid manganese steel frog高锰钢整铸辙岔morable-point frog 可动心轨辙岔the straight track 直轨switch rails or point blades 尖轨a trailing-point movement 顺向运行第二篇：铁道通信信号专业一、铁路通信信号专业的性质和特点铁路信号技术已经历了一百多年的发展，形成了今天的现代铁路信号系统，铁路信号技术在进入信息时代的今天，已逐步与通信走向一体化。
铁路常用英语句子
1. 铁路在我国的现代化建设中起着重要作用。
The railways are playing an important part in the modernization construction of our country.2. 他们工作中非常注意理论联系实际。
In their work they pay much attention to the combination of theory and practice.3. 气体温度的升高导致气体的膨胀。
A rise in the temperature of the gas leads to its expansion.4.土坝修建的费用较低。
An earth dam can be built at lower cost.5. 据我看来，这种结构设计是行不通的In my opinion , such a structure desigh can never succeed.6. 这些成功的技术革新使工人们受到很大的鼓舞These successful technological innovations have greatly inspired the workers7. 随着温度的变化，铁棒的长度起了变化。
With the change in temperature, the length of the iron bar has changed.8. 自从中国人发明指南针已来，已过了近两千年。
Near two thousand years have passed since the Chinese invented the compass.9 声音在气体的传播没有在液体中那么快Sound does not travel so fast in gases as in liquids10. 物质可以转化为能，能可以转化为物质。
Matter can be changed into energy , and energy into matter.11. 武汉长江大桥没有南京长江大桥长THE Yangtze River Bridge at Wuhan is not as long as that at Nanjing.12. 即使用望远镜，你也不能看到那样的东西Even if you use a telescope , you cannot see such a distant object.13. 这不是土木工程学的问题，分明是机械工程学方面的问题Instead of being a problem of civil engineering , it is obviously a problem of mechanical engineering.14. 研究阶段完成了，因而试制阶段开始Since the research stage has been completed , the development stage begins.15. 为了使生产大幅上升，必须发展科学技术In order to raise production on a large scale , it is essential to develop science and technology.16. 有的铁路铺有两条或两条以上的轨道Some railroads are made of two or more tracks.17. 这个礼堂能容纳1500人This auditorium can hold 1,500 people.18. 这些星星是肉眼看到的These stars are visible to the naked eye.19. 这一件事使全世界公众舆论感到震惊This incident shocked the world opinion.20.中国产生了共产党，这是开天辟地的大事It is an epoch—making event that the communist party was born in china.21. 热使所有物体膨胀All objects are made to expand by heat.22. 人们知道发动机的工作原理已有几百年了The principle on which the engine works has been known for hundreds of years.23. 万物都是由物质构成的Everything is built up of atoms.24. 请注意不要损坏仪器Please take care not to damage the instruments.25. 利用发电机可以将机械能转变成电能The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator.26. 在土木工程中广泛应用电子计算机Electronic computers are widely applied in civil engineering.27. 人们把钢铁看成重工业的粮食Iron and steel are looked upon as the “food” of heavyindustry.28. 中国第一条铁路是詹天佑设计的The first railway line in Chine was designed by Zhan Tianyou.29. 问题在于我们能不能在明晚以前完成这项工作The question is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow evening.30. 我刚上火车，车就开了Hardly had I got aboard when the train started.31. 如果你样样都折，就会一样也折不到Grasp all, lose all.32.这地方实在漂亮，所以许多人都把他们的家小搬来居住The place is really beautiful, and people bring their wives and children out here to live.33. 由于天气好，我们决定去爬山As the weather was fine , we decided to climb the mountain.34. 因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里He had to stay home yesterday because he was ill.35. 假定我们弄不到必要的设备，那怎么办Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?36. 让我们更加努力工作，以便能提前完成计划Let’s work harder so that we may fulfil our plan ahead of schedule.37.现在我们已经解决了这个问题，并且得出了和他们相同的结论Now we have solved the problem and have arrived at the same conclusion as they arrived at.38. 继续公开讨论这个问题是不会有什么好处的It serves little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue.39.每个人的生活都有苦有甜Every life has its roses and thorns.40. 他们所从事的事业是值得赞扬的The cause they are carrying out is praiseworthy41.他总是彬彬有礼，诲人不倦He is polite and always gives advice willingly.42. 他一坐下来就讲开了As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.43.玛丽在丈夫因急病去世后，就靠洗衣维持生活Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute disease.44. 这部打字机真是价谦物美This typewriter is indeed fine and inexpensive.45. 有人要求他们今天下午进行这项实验This is required that they (should) carry out this test in the afternoon.46.如果没有水，地球上就没有生命If there were no water, there would be made of plastics.47. 有人建议用塑料制造机器部件It is suggested that the machine parts should be made of plastics.48.居民们要求尽快解决那个城市的污染问题The inhabitants demand that the pollution problem of the city should be solved as soon as possible.49. 任何试验都要求做到准确的计量Any kinds of experiments demand that accurate measurements should be made.50. 如果发动机损坏，飞机就会失去控制In case that the engine be broken, the aeroplane will not be controllable.51. 目前我国铁路运输不能满足经济发展的需要At the present time, the railway transport in our country can not meet the needs of economic development.52. 物质总是以三种形式存在Matter exists in three states.53. 有些工人操作过那台机器Some workers have operated that new machine.54. 我们将把这些数据核对一下We shall check these data.55. 技术革新在不断进行Technique innovations are being carried out constantly.56. 他写过几篇有关核子物理学的论文He has written some treatises on nuclear physics.57. 核能已用来发电Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.58. 下月底，那个水力发电站将建成By the end of next month that hydraulic power station will have been built.59. 人人都知道月亮绕着地球转Everybody knows that the moon moves round the sun.60. 这个旧设备暂时完全可以使用This old piece of equipment may well be used for the time being.61. 他们用这个高炉炼出了许多生铁They have produced much pig iron with this blast furnace.62. 我们正在使用电子计算机进行复杂的计算We are making use of electronic computers to do complicated calculations.63.预计1996年前，我厂将完成我们的现代化计划It is expected that before 1996 our factory will have fulfilled our plan of modernization.64. 液体没有一定的形状Liquid has no definite shape.65. 没有空气，生物就会死亡Without air living things will die.66. 一个力正作用在这个物体上A force is acting on this body.67.这台机器已运转了二十四小时This machine has worked for twenty four hours.68. 新塑料的性能在不断研究之中The properties of the new plastics are being studied.69. 坚持实现四个现代化是我们社会主义建设的大方向The general orientation of our socialist construction is to adhere to the realization of four modernization.70. 地球表面大约有四分之三的地方被水覆盖着About there—fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.71. 这台发电机出了毛病There is something wrong with this generator.72.我国已经生产出了各种类型的高质量机器High—quality machines of various types have been produced in our country.73. 这辆汽车的无线电收音机已经装好This automobile has been installed with a radio—set.74. 许多化合物中都含有氢Hydrogen is found in many compounds.75. 用塑料可以制成各种各样的生活必需品All sorts of daily necessities can be made of plastics.76. 涉及机器效率方面的因素很多Many factors are involved in the efficiency of machines.77. 我们必须把科学研究和生产中实际问题结合起来Scientific research and practical problems in production must be linked up.78. 这地方的水力资源是十分丰富的This place has plentiful water resources.79. 那部科技电影给他们的印象很深刻That scientific film has impressed them deeply.80. 许多技术问题还需要进一步研究Many technical problems require further studies.81.有人主张这台旧仪器该换一台新的了It is asserted that this old instrument must be replaced by a new one.82. 值得注意的是原子虽小，却具有很大能量It is noteworthy that small as atoms are, they contain vast amounts of energy.83. 可见气体体积是随温度的变化而变化的It can be seen that the volume of gas varies as the temperature changes.84.建这座桥花了他们一年时间It took them one year to build the bridge.85. 废水必须加以处理，以便重新使用Waste water must be treated in order that it may usedagain.86. 众所周知，电可以从发电的地方输送到需要的地方It is well—known that electricity can be transmitted from where it is produced to where it is needed.87.人们到宇宙空间旅行的时代已经不远了It won’t be long before man can travel in the outer space.88. 液体汽化形成蒸汽The evaporation of liquids forms vapour.89.许多大城市的道路系统不能满足现代交通的需要The existing road systems of many large cities cannot cope with modern traffic requirements. 90.地球的作用象一块大磁铁，这个事实是众所周知的The fact that the earth acts lick a big magnet is known to all.91. 铜的铁被广泛用来制造电线Copper and aluminium are widely used in electrical wires.92. 金属丝受热则伸长，这是事实It is a fact that a wire lengthens while it is heated.93. 能量既不能创造也砂能消灭Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.94. 青铜由铜和锡组成Bronze is composed of copper and tin.95. 某些疾病得到针刺疗法治疗Some diseases require needle treatment.96. 不干净的容器不应使用Unclean containers should not be used.97. 自然界中没有一个物体会自行开始或停止运动Nothing in nature will start or stop moving of itself.98. 地球施加于物体的引力造成了物体的重量The force of gravitational attraction of the earth on a body creates the weight of the body.99. 原子是组成宇宙的微小粒子Atoms are very small particles constituting everything in universe.100. 世界各国人民应该增进相互了解The people of the world must have better understanding of each other.101. 现有电力供应不能满足我们的需要The electric power supplied at present can’t satisfy what we need.102.设计时他常看手册，查阅一些数据He often referred to handbooks for some date while designing.103. 火箭已用来探索宇宙Rockets have found applications for the exploration of the universe. 104. 只要善于利用时机，你会学到你需要的一切So long as you make good use of opportunities, you will learn all that you need.105. 计算机是一种记录数字、运算数字的机器Computers are machines for recording numbers and operating with numbers.106. 气体的分子非常迅速于向四面八方运动The molecules of a gas are moving about extremely fast in all directions.107. 那位教授所解释的都是关于下一次物理实验的题材What that professor explained was about the subject matter of the next experiment on physics. 108. 这台发电机发电量大体积小耗煤量低The generator is large in capacity, small in size and low in coal consumption.109.在修建新线路的同时，对老线路进行了改造Old rail lines have been renovated along with the building of new ones.110. 我国第一条由宝鸡到成都的电气化铁路干线是1975年7月完工的China’s first electrified truck route was completed between Baoji and Chengdu in July 1975.111.我们要讨论的正是这种结构的缺点It is the disadvantages of the structure that we are going to discuss.112. 必须把这些机器定期涂油润滑It is necessary to lubricate these machines regularly.113.这些技术问题一旦很好地解决，生产就会大幅度上升Once these technical problems are successfully solved. The out will be raised on a large scale. 114.在新药物研制成功后，疗效变得迅速显著After the new medicines being successfully developed, the efficiency of cure is quite rapid and dramatic115. 生命现象就谈到这里，下面就开始讨论促进我们身体健康的方法So much for the phenomena of life, now let’s go on with the discussion of the way to improve our health116.据报道，针刺疗法的效果很好It is reported that the needle treatment has a good efficiency. 117. 这种新药在人体上使用是安全的This newly—developed drug is safe for the use on human bodies.118. 这台发电机的缺点就谈到这里，下面开始进行修理So much for the defects of the generator, now let’s begin to have it repaired.119. 这是我们所知道的解决这个问题的最有效办法之一This is one of the most effective methods which we have ever known for the solution of this problem.120. 据报道，地震波会在地球内部向四面八方传播It is reported that the waves of earthquake will be spread to all parts inside the earth.121.观察一下这种新药对病人的疗效，你就能知道其价值了By observing the effect of the new drug upon the patients, you can get an idea of its value.122.不给水稻充分的水和肥料，水稻便无法很好地生长It is impossible for rice—plants to grow well without sufficient supply of water and fertilizer. 123. 这了保证飞机安全，飞行员非使用雷达不可To ensure safety in flying, pilots have to make use of radar.124. 不是这台机器出了毛病，而是他没有学会操作技术It is not that this machine is out of order, but that he has not mastered the skill of operating it. 125.应该考虑到净化这些物质是非常困难的Consideration should be taken of the extreme difficulty of purifying these substances.126. 无缝钢轨要比短轨经久耐用，而且会给线路提供较好的运行质量The continuous rails last longer than the shorter ones, and give better riding qualities to the track 127. 这座桥如果用钢筋混凝土建造，它的强度就会大大提高If this bridge had been built of reinforced concrete, its strength would have been much greater. 128.装有滚珠轴承，轮子容易转动With ball bearings, a wheel will roll readily round the axle. 129. 令人满意的是微型计算机体积很小It is satisfactory that microcomputers are very small in size.130.工程师运用科学原理解决实际问题，在技术革新方面起着重要作用It is important in technical innovation for engineers to solve practical problems with scientific principles131.可以用激光在细胞内部手术It is possible to use laser light to perform operations within the cells.132.激光能催毁许多里以外的武器A laser beam is able to destroy weapons miles away.133.地震是地球表面发生的相当程度的An earthquake is the shaking of the earth’s surface to some extent.134. 钢在强力作用下可能弯曲或折断Steel is liabie to bend or break under the action of a strong froce.135. 重量是重力把某一物体拉向地面的力Weight is the force of gravity to pull a body toward the earth.1. The food we eat seems to have …… (1)How has C:As a(2)What B:They keep(3)The D:cancer2. Parents have to do much less ……..B:parents A:in the past C:that there A:With their3. Why don’t birds get lost in ………B.have only C. use sun C. doves under D. some birds seem4. I came to India a year ago ……….B. he took A. he was D. had w ritten5. If you are like most people ………6. A growing word’s population …..7. By the end of 1984 …..8. The word is changing ……..9. Earthquakes may rightly …….10. Insomnia is the inability ……11. Polyester(聚脂)is now …..12. Most of us can find ……13. One phase of the business…..14. For nearly a century….15. The electromagnet was…16. How can a single postage…17. To the curious and the…18. The standards of science…19. One of the primary….20. Have you ever wondered….21. Tides are created mainly….22. As energy costs rise….23. The medical world is….24. The more time scientists…..25. Greece today is a small….26. The Red Cross(红十字会)…27. Psychology is the study….28. The genera l principles …..29. During the summer…..30. We often speak of….31. Long—term alcohol use….32. From Stanford we ……33. The child is not just…..34. In November 1965…..35. Geologists have been….36. The first outbreak of…..37. When an art museum…..38. Modern mass—production….39. Public goods are…..40. Suppose we build…..41. Reading is thought…..42. Do you find getting….43. We find that bright ….44. A breakthrough(突破)…45. Just seven years ago….。
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II.Translate the following into Chinese.
3. A metro or rapid transit system is a passenger transport railway system in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic.
II.Translate the following into Chinese.
1. Rail transport is the most commonly used mode of long-distance transportation in China.
铁路运输是中国最常用的长途运输方式。
2. The chief engineer of this railway was Zhan Tianyou, who is known as the Father of China's Railway.
5. China also leads in terms of the growth rate of transport volume and use of transport equipment.
中国在运量Decide wether the following statements true or false.
新交通系统（简称AGT）是完全自动运行的，无人驾驶的， 分层的交通系统，其车辆常常用橡胶轮胎，车辆自动沿着 导轨被引导着运行。
I. Decide wether the following statements true or false.
• 1. Trains with self-propelled payload-carrying vehicles are not normally
• 1. As opposed to rapid transit, a light rail system is a fully grade-separated
with lower capacity and higher speed. ( F )
• 2. A metro system is a grade-separated railway usually in an urban area with a
的能力，其唯一用途是牵引列车沿轨道行驶。 2. By the end of the 20th century, the steam power still in routine
passenger use in most parts of the world was on tourist railways mainly aimed at tourists and railroad hobbyists (rail-fans).
这条铁路的总工程师是詹天佑，他被誉为“中国铁路之父”。
II.Translate the following into Chinese.
3. Not only has the Chinese railway network expanded in size since 1949, but it has also seen great technological advances. 自1949年以来，中国铁路不仅规模扩大，而且也见证了巨大的技术进步。
• 4. A metro or rapid transit train generally runs on separate tracks (underground or elevated) with a higher frequency, whereas a commuter rail train often shares tracks with intercity rail and freight trains and tends to
地下铁道或捷运系统是在市区运行的客运轨道系统，运力较大， 运营班次密集，并和其他交通系统分层行驶。 4. A monorail is a rail transportation system based on a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guideway. It is opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails.
largest, having six percent of the world's operating railways, and carrying 25 percent of the world's total railway workload. • ( T)5. China railway is developing very quickly to meet the demand of its economic development.
I. Decide wether the following statements true or false.
• ( T)1. In China, almost all rail transport is handled by the government.
• (esFt)a2b.liTshhemfeinrsttorfaNilerwoaCdhiinnaC.hina did not exist until the • ( T)3. Zhan Tian You was a great railway engineer in China. • ( T)4. China's rail transport volume is one of the world's
diesel locomotives, such as diesel-mechanical locomotive, diesel-hydraulic
locomotive and diesel-electric locomotive.( T )
• 4. Locomotives that are electrically driven with on-board fuelled prime mover
II.Translate the following into Chinese.
1. Urban rail transit is a wide term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. 城市轨道交通是一个包含范围较大的概念，泛指各种在市 区、近郊及其周边区域提供客运服务的地方轨道系统。 2. A light rail system is a form of urban rail public transportation with a lower capacity and speed than a metro system, but higher capacity and speed than a traditional street-running tram. 轻轨交通运输系统是一种比地铁运力低、运输速度慢，但比传统 的沿街行驶有轨电车运量大、速度快的城市轨道公共交通系统。
high capacity and frequency of service. ( T )
• 3. The traditional track is consisted of two parallel rails while a monorail is a
railway with single-railed track. ( T )
tracks. ( F )
II.Translate the following into Chinese.
1. A locomotive is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. A locomotive has no payload capacity of its own, and its sole purpose is to move the train along the tracks. 机车是为列车提供动力的铁路车辆，本身不具备运输载重
travel at lower speeds.( F )
• 5. Different from conventional wheeled trains, a Maglev train is suspended a
short distance away from a guideway using magnetic levitation. (T )
独(单)轨交通是运行于单个轨道的交通系统，通过单一轨道梁支 撑车厢并提供引导作用，有别于传统的有两条平行轨的轨道。
II.Translate the following into Chinese.
5. Automated guideway transit (AGT) is a fully automated, driverless, grade-separated transit system in which vehicles, often rubber-tired, are automatically guided along a “guideway”.
are also classified as electric locomotives. ( F )
• 5. Although electric locomotives have many advantages, they can not completely displace diesel locomotives due to the high cost of electrifying