经济学原理期中考试1BB
经济学原理II(10春季期中1)
A. B. C. D. 9. A. B. C. D.
10. One bag of flour is sold for $1.50 to a bakery, which uses the flour to bake bread that is sold for $4.00 to consumers. A second bag of flour is sold to a consumer in a grocery store for $2.00. Taking these three transactions into account, what is the effect on GDP? A. GDP increases by $4.00. B. GDP increases by $5.50. C. GDP increases by $6.00. D. GDP increases by $8.00. 11. Suppose there are only two firms in an economy: Cowhide, Inc. produces leather and sells it to Couches, Inc., which produces and sells leather furniture. With each $1,000 of leather that it buys from Cowhide, Inc., Couches, Inc. produces a couch and sells it for $3,000. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2006. During that year, Cowhide produced enough leather for 20 couches. Couches, Inc. bought 80% of that leather for $16,000 and promised to buy the remaining 20% for $4,000 in 2007. Couches, Inc. produced 16 couches during 2006 and sold each one during that year for $3,000. What was the economy's GDP for the 2006? A. $48,000 B. $52,000 C. $64,000 D. $68,000 12. When an Egyptian firm purchases a cement mixer from Slovakia, A. Egyptian investment increases, Egyptian net exports do not change, Egyptian GDP increases, Slovakian net exports do not change, and Slovakian GDP is unaffected. B. Egyptian investment does not change, Egyptian net exports decrease, Egyptian GDP
经济学原理I（12秋季期中2及答案）
经济学原理I（12秋季期中2及答案）经济学原理I（2012年秋季学期）期中考试2（B卷答案）（2012/11/28）⼀、外部性（选择和判断，8分）某企业在某地开办了⼀家化⼯⼚。
请问在以下化⼯⼚带来的影响中，哪些可以归于外部性？如果归于外部性，是正外部性还是负外部性？A.当地⼈交通条件改善B.当地⼈增加就业C.搬迁居民得到补偿D.企业出售该产品得到利润E.环境污染影响当地居民F.各地消费者购买该产品带来外部性的包括：A. 当地⼈交通条件改善，E. 导致了环境污染。
前者是正外部性，后者是负外部性。
（每个要点2分）⼆、负所得税与税制设计（4分，多项选择题）⼀个对个⼈收⼊征收的形如T=t*Y-Y0的税收被称为负所得税，此时T是对个⼈征收的税收数量，Y是个⼈收⼊，t是⼀个不变的税率，00是税收扣除数，为⼀常数，表⽰低收⼊者得到补贴（当Y=0时，得到补贴为Y0）。
假定这个税是针对个⼈⽽⾮家庭征收的。
考虑结婚对于纳税的影响，考察该税收是否满⾜以下四个特征：第⼀，当两对结婚夫妇有相同的家庭总收⼊时，其交纳的税收数相同。
第⼆，当两个⼈结婚时，他们的总税负不变。
第三，没有收⼊的家庭或个⼈，税收为零。
第四，⾼收⼊纳税者的税收占收⼊的⽐例⾼于低收⼊的纳税者。
则该负所得税违反．．了哪些特征？（注：可以有1个或多个答案）：A.第⼀个特征B.第⼆个特征C.第三个特征D.第四个特征3. Export Tax (11 points)China is a major producer of grains, such as wheat, corn, and rice. In 2008 the Chinese Government, concerned that grain exports were driving up food prices for domestic consumers, impose a tax on grain exports.a. Draw the graph that describes the market for grain in an exporting country. Use this graph asthe starting point to answer the following questions.(2 points) See the graph below.b. How does an export tax affect domestic grain prices? Use your graph. (1 point)An export tax will reduce the effective world price received by the exporting nation. Thus its domestic grain price will fall. (see the graph)c. How does it affect the welfare of domestic consumers, the welfare of domestic producers,and government revenue? Use your graph. (3 points)An export tax will increase domestic consumer surplus from area A to A+B (by B), decrease domestic producer surplus from area C+G+B+E+D+F to C+G (by B+E+D+F), and increasePrice of Grain Quantity of GrainP wPricePrice of Grain Quantity of GrainSDP wWorld Pricegovernment revenue from zero to area D.d.What happens to total welfare in China, as measured by the sum of consumer surplus,producer surplus, and tax revenue? Explain intuitively the source of welfare loss or gain. (3 points)Total surplus will fall by area E+F. (1 point)There are two sources of welfare loss. Area E represents welfare loss from selling grains in domestic market instead of world market. If those grains were sold in the world market, the price would be higher than domestic consumers’ willingness to pay, and producers’ gains were larger than consumers’ loss. Area F represent welfare loss due to inefficient quantity produced. More quantity would be better for both producers and the world, without affecting others. (2 points) e.Now suppose China is a large country which can affect the world price of grains. Whathappens to the world price faced by other countries due to China’s export tax policy? What happens to welfare of consumers, producers, and total welfare in other exporting countries, in other importing countries? What happens to total welfare of the world as a whole (including China)? Explain your answers without using graphs. (2 points)The world price will increase due to China’s export tax policy, since this policy will reduce total supply in the world grain market. (0.5 point)For an exporting country, producers will be better off, consumers will be worse off, and the country as a whole will be better off. (since consumer loss is less than producer gain, or since the gain from trade increases.) (0.5 point)For an importing country, producers will also be better off, consumers will be worse off, and the country as a whole will be worse off. (since consumer loss is larger than producer gain, or since the gain from trade decreases.) (0.5 point)For the world as a whole, the total welfare will decrease since tax policy always reduces welfare.(0.5 points)四、公共池塘⾥的鱼（10分）威克南镇有5个居民，他们唯⼀的活动是捕鱼和消费鱼。
经济学原理I(12秋季期中2及答案)
经济学原理I（2012年秋季学期）期中考试2（B卷答案）（2012/11/28）一、外部性（选择和判断，8分）某企业在某地开办了一家化工厂。
请问在以下化工厂带来的影响中，哪些可以归于外部性？如果归于外部性，是正外部性还是负外部性？A.当地人交通条件改善B.当地人增加就业C.搬迁居民得到补偿D.企业出售该产品得到利润E.环境污染影响当地居民F.各地消费者购买该产品带来外部性的包括：A. 当地人交通条件改善，E. 导致了环境污染。
前者是正外部性，后者是负外部性。
（每个要点2分）二、负所得税与税制设计（4分，多项选择题）一个对个人收入征收的形如T=t*Y-Y0的税收被称为负所得税，此时T是对个人征收的税收数量，Y是个人收入，t是一个不变的税率，0<t<1，Y0>0是税收扣除数，为一常数，表示低收入者得到补贴（当Y=0时，得到补贴为Y0）。
假定这个税是针对个人而非家庭征收的。
考虑结婚对于纳税的影响，考察该税收是否满足以下四个特征：第一，当两对结婚夫妇有相同的家庭总收入时，其交纳的税收数相同。
第二，当两个人结婚时，他们的总税负不变。
第三，没有收入的家庭或个人，税收为零。
第四，高收入纳税者的税收占收入的比例高于低收入的纳税者。
则该负所得税违反．．了哪些特征？（注：可以有1个或多个答案）：A.第一个特征B.第二个特征C.第三个特征D.第四个特征3. Export Tax (11 points)China is a major producer of grains, such as wheat, corn, and rice. In 2008 the Chinese Government, concerned that grain exports were driving up food prices for domestic consumers, impose a tax on grain exports.a. Draw the graph that describes the market for grain in an exporting country. Use this graph asthe starting point to answer the following questions.(2 points) See the graph below.b. How does an export tax affect domestic grain prices? Use your graph. (1 point)An export tax will reduce the effective world price received by the exporting nation. Thus its domestic grain price will fall. (see the graph)c. How does it affect the welfare of domestic consumers, the welfare of domestic producers,and government revenue? Use your graph. (3 points)An export tax will increase domestic consumer surplus from area A to A+B (by B), decrease domestic producer surplus from area C+G+B+E+D+F to C+G (by B+E+D+F), and increasePrice of Grain Quantity of GrainP wPricePrice of Grain Quantity of GrainSDP wWorld Pricegovernment revenue from zero to area D.d.What happens to total welfare in China, as measured by the sum of consumer surplus,producer surplus, and tax revenue? Explain intuitively the source of welfare loss or gain. (3 points)Total surplus will fall by area E+F. (1 point)There are two sources of welfare loss. Area E represents welfare loss from selling grains in domestic market instead of world market. If those grains were sold in the world market, the price would be higher than domestic consumers’ willingness to pay, and producers’ gains were larger than consumers’ loss. Area F represent welfare loss due to inefficient quantity produced. More quantity would be better for both producers and the world, without affecting others. (2 points) e.Now suppose China is a large country which can affect the world price of grains. Whathappens to the world price faced by other countries due to China’s export tax policy? What happens to welfare of consumers, producers, and total welfare in other exporting countries, in other importing countries? What happens to total welfare of the world as a whole (including China)? Explain your answers without using graphs. (2 points)The world price will increase due to China’s export tax policy, since this policy will reduce total supply in the world grain market. (0.5 point)For an exporting country, producers will be better off, consumers will be worse off, and the country as a whole will be better off. (since consumer loss is less than producer gain, or since the gain from trade increases.) (0.5 point)For an importing country, producers will also be better off, consumers will be worse off, and the country as a whole will be worse off. (since consumer loss is larger than producer gain, or since the gain from trade decreases.) (0.5 point)For the world as a whole, the total welfare will decrease since tax policy always reduces welfare.(0.5 points)四、公共池塘里的鱼（10分）威克南镇有5个居民，他们唯一的活动是捕鱼和消费鱼。
经济学原理期中试卷
浙江财经学院东方学院2012 ～2013 学年第 一 学期《 经济学原理 》课程期中考试试卷（ 卷）考核方式：闭卷 考试日期： 年 月 日 适用专业、班级：11英语、日语各班所有答案一律写在答题纸上一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分）1.经济学是研究个人、企业、政府以及整个社会在面对________时做出选择的一门社会科学。
A ．必要性 B.贫困 C.稀缺 D.效率 2.“资源是稀缺的”是指A.世界上大多数人生活在贫困中B.相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的C.资源必须保留给下一代D.世界上资源最终将由生产更多的物品和劳务而消耗光 3.研究厂商、某种产品和单个居民行为的经济学被称为A.规范经济学B.实证经济学C.宏观经济学D.微观经济学 4.下列属于规范分析法的有A.2000年货币当局连续降息,以拉动经济增长B.从去年开始,持续下降的物价开始回升C.在短短的五年内,政府的财政支出扩大了两倍D.个人所得税起征点太低,不利于公平原则 5.下列哪种情况能够使生产可能性曲线外移?Ａ.经济体中资金量的增加 Ｂ.雇佣工人数量的减少 Ｃ.技术的提高 Ｄ.外来移民数量的减少 6.生产可能性曲线内的一点表示A ．没有足够的可用资源来达到生产可能性曲线。
B.现有的资源可以生产更大的产出。
C.生产受到技术水平的限制。
D．以上都正确。
7.以下不属于生产要素的是A.电脑B.用于创办新公司的100万美元C．工厂的工人 D.在达拉斯的一块空地皮8.我计划去看一场5美元的电影而不是复习准备考试，这场电影的总机会成本是A.是我用这5美元所能买到的东西以及我所放弃的学习时间。
B.是5美元。
C.取决于电影好看与否。
D.是我在相同时间里所能学到的东西。
9.需求规律说明A.药品的价格上涨会使药品质量提高B.计算机价格下降导致销售量增加C.门票价格提高，游览公园的人数增加D.汽车价格提高，小汽车的销售量减少10.小麦歉收导致小麦价格上涨,准确地说在这个过程中A.小麦供给减少引起需求量下降B.小麦供给减少引起需求下降C.小麦供给量减少引起需求量下降D.小麦供给量减少引起需求下降11.建筑工人工资提高将使A.新房子供给曲线左移并使房子价格上升B.新房子供给曲线右移并使房子价格下降C.新房子需求曲线左移并使房子价格下降D.新房子需求曲线右移并使房子价格上升12.照相机和胶卷是A.非相关品B.独立产品C.互补产品D.互替产品13.假定其它条件不变，某种商品的价格下降，将导致其A.需求增加B.需求减少C.需求量增加D.需求量减少14.供给的变动将引起A.均衡价格与均衡数量同方向变动B.均衡价格与均衡数量反方向变动C.均衡价格同方向变动，均衡数量反方向变动D.均衡价格反方向变动，均衡数量同方向变动15.需求的变动将引起A．均衡价格与均衡数量同方向变动B.均衡价格与均衡数量反方向变动C.均衡价格同方向变动，均衡数量反方向变动。
北大经济学原理期中测验答案
错误。在学生的洗澡行为(特别是洗澡频率）不变时,澡堂扩建一倍会使得其拥挤程度下降一半。但学生会对澡堂拥挤下降的激励做出反应，增加洗澡频率,这样澡堂的拥挤程度会有所回升。(原理4：人们会对激励做出反应。)
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1、因为历史数据表明,基础教育的平均社会收益大于高等教育，所以在资金有限的情况下，应该优先增加对基础教育的投入。
错误。这里应该考虑的是给定的新增投入带来的收益的增加量，也即边际收益,而不是根据历史数据计算的平均收益。（原理3：理性人考虑边际量)
2、某大学决定将拥挤的学生澡堂扩建一倍。这一做法必定会使得澡堂的拥挤程度下降一半。
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3、以下哪一项是宏观经济学研究的内容:
Ａ政府管制对民航机票价格的影响
C个人对自我利益的追求
D对历史悠久的传统的坚持
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经济学原理期中测试题
Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1 mit Antworten PAGE 11. A country's consumption possibilities frontier can be outside its production possibilities frontiera. with trade.b. by producing a greater variety of goods and services.c. by lowering unemployment in the country.d. by allocating resources differently.2. Suppose consumer income increases. If swimsuits are normal goods, the equilibrium price of swimsuits will __________,and producer surplus in the swimsuit industry will __________.a. decrease, decreaseb. decrease, increasec. increase, decreased. increase, increase3. A legal minimum price at which a good can be sold is aa. price ceiling.b. price cut.c. price floor.d. price stabilization.These figures illustrate the production possibilities available to Tom and Nicole with 40 hours of labor.4. Refer to the graphs given. If Tom and Nicole both specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage, totalproduction of books will be __________ and total production of videos will be __________.a. 40, 4b. 42, 9c. 9, 42d. 4, 40Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1 PAGE 25. In the graph shown, the section of the demand curve labeled C representsa. the elastic section of the demand curve.b. the inelastic section of the demand curve.c. the unit elastic section of the demand curve.d. the perfectly elastic section of the demand curve.6. The demand for a good tends to be more elastica. the longer the period of time.b. the greater the availability of close substitutes.c. the narrower the definition of the market.d. All of the above are correct.This table refers to five possible buyers' willingness to pay for Good Z.Buyer Willingness to PayCassieJamie John Jeremy Sarah $8.50 7.00 5.50 4.00 3.507. Refer to the table shown. Which of the following is NOT true?a. The demand schedule represented by the table shows the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer.b. At a price of $4.00, total consumer surplus in the market will be $9.00.c. The table is the demand schedule for Good Z.d. When the price is $3.50, each person would have a positive consumer surplus.Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1 PAGE 38. According to the graph, the price buyers will pay after the tax is imposed isa. $8.00.b. $6.00.c. $5.00.d. $3.50.9. According to the graph shown, if the government imposes a binding price ceiling in this market at a price of $5.00, theresult would bea. a shortage of 20 units.b. a shortage of 30 units.c. a surplus of 20 units.d. a surplus of 40 units.Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1PAGE 410. In economics, the cost of something isa. the out-of-pocket expense of obtaining it.b. always measured in units of time.c. what you give up to get it.d. always higher than people think.11. An externality isa. the impact of society's decisions on the well-being of society.b. the impact of society's decisions on the well-being of one person.c. the impact of a person's actions on that person's well-being.d. the impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.12. A modela. simplifies reality.b. assumes away irrelevant details.c. can explain how the economy is organized.d. all of the above13. The initial effect of a tax on the buyers of a gooda. is on the supply of that good.b. is on both the supply of the good and the demand for the good.c. is on the demand for that good.d. is on the price of the good.14. The movement from point A to point B on the graph showsa. a decrease in demand.b. an increase in demand.c. an increase in quantity demanded.d. a decrease in quantity demanded.15. The particular price that results in quantity supplied being equal to quantity demanded is the best price becausea. it maximizes the profit of buyers.b. it maximizes costs of the seller.c. it minimizes the expenditure of buyers.d. it maximizes the total welfare of buyers and sellers.16. On the graph, the movement from D to D 1 could be caused bya. an increase in price.b. a decrease in the price of a complement.c. an increase in technology.d. a decrease in the price of a substitute.17. Refer to the graph shown. What area represents producer surplus when the price is P 1?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. D18. On the production possibilities frontier shown, the opportunity cost to the economy of getting 10 additional roller bladesby moving from point A to point B isa. 15 bikes.b. 10 bikes.c. 5 bikes.d. It is impossible to know the opportunity cost without knowing the cost of the resources used to produce theadditional roller blades.19. Refer to the graph shown. When the price rises from P 1 to P2, consumer surplusa. increases by an amount equal to A.b. decreases by an amount equal to B + C.c. increases by an amount equal to B + C.d. decreases by an amount equal to C.These figures illustrate the production possibilities frontiers for Robinson Crusoe and Friday with 12 hours of labor.20. Refer to the graphs given. For Friday the opportunity cost of 1 pound of coconuts isa. 2/3 pound of fish.b. 3 pounds of fish.c. 1 pound of fish.d. 2 pounds of fish.21. In the figure shown, which panel(s) best represent(s) a binding rent control in the long run?a. panel (a)b. panel (b)c. neither paneld. both panels22. In the circular-flow diagram,a. firms are buyers in the product market.b. spending on goods and services flow from firms to households.c. households are sellers in the resource market.d. firms are sellers in the resource market and the product market.23. Demand is said to be inelastica. if buyers respond substantially to changes in the price of the good.b. if the quantity demanded changes only slightly when the price of the good changes.c. if demand shifts only slightly when the price of the good changes.d. if the price of the good responds only slightly to changes in demand.24. If the minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage,a. the quantity demanded of labor will be less than the quantity supplied.b. anyone who wants a job at the minimum wage can find one.c. the quantity demanded of labor will equal the quantity supplied.d. the quantity demanded of labor will be greater than the quantity supplied.These figures illustrate the production possibilities available to Tom and Nicole with 40 hours of labor.25. Refer to the graphs given. Nicole has a comparative advantage in __________ and Tom has a comparative advantage in__________.a. videos, booksb. both goods, neither goodc. books, videosd. neither good, books26. On the graph shown, the elasticity of demand from point B to point C, using the midpoint method would bea. 0.5b. 0.75c. 1.0d. 1.3Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1 PAGE 1027. If a seller is supplying a product that is slightly different than that of many close competitors and is able to charge adifferent price than competitors, then the sellera. is participating in a monopolistically competitive market.b. is producing a homogeneous product.c. will eventually have to decrease the price.d. is a monopolist.28. The art of scientific thinking involvesa. being able to mathematically express natural forces.b. understanding every scientific field - physics, biology and economics.c. knowing how the major organs of the human body work.d. deciding which assumptions to make.Labor Hours Needed to Make 1Pound of:Meat Potatoes Pounds produced in 20hours: Meat PotatoesFarmer Rancher 104512542029. Refer to the tables shown. The Rancher has an absolute advantage in __________ and the Farmer has a comparativeadvantage in __________.a. meat, potatoesb. meat, neither goodc. both goods, meatd. both goods, potatoes30. When demand is elastic in the current price range,a. a decrease in price would not affect the total revenue.b. an increase in price would decrease total revenue because the decrease in quantity demanded is greater than theincrease in price.c. a decrease in price would decrease total revenue because the increase in quantity demanded is smaller than thedecrease in price.d. an increase in price would increase total revenue because the decrease in quantity demanded is less than the increasein price.31. How does total revenue change as one moves down a linear demand curve?a. It first increases, then decreases.b. It is unaffected by a movement along the demand curve.c. It increases.d. It decreases.32. In a market economy,a. households decide which firms to work for and what to buy with their incomes.b. firms decide whom to hire and what to produce.c. profit and self-interest guide the decisions of firms and households.d. all of the above33. A competitive market isa. a market where suppliers are under no government restrictions.b. a market with many buyers but few sellers.c. a market in which there are many buyers and many sellers so that each has a negligible impact on price.d. a market where consumers cannot freely interact with sellers.Grundzüge der Volkswirtschaftslehre,Midterm29.11.04VERSION 1 PAGE 1134. On a production possibilities frontier, production is efficient ifa. the production point is on or inside the frontier.b. the production point is on the frontier.c. the production point is inside the frontier.d. the production point is outside the frontier.35. You have spent $500 purchasing and repairing an old car which you expect to sell for $800 once the repairs are complete.You discover that you need an additional part, which will cost $400, including labor, in order to complete the repairs.You can sell the car as it is now for $300. What should you do?a. You should never sell something for less than it costs.b. It doesn't matter which action you take; the outcome is the same either way.c. You should complete the repairs and sell the car.d. You should cut your losses and take the $300.36. When the price of a good or service changes,a. demand shifts in the same direction.b. supply shifts in the opposite direction.c. there is a movement along a stable demand curve.d. demand shifts in the opposite direction.37. Suppose you like banana cream pie made with vanilla pudding. Assuming all other things are constant, you notice that theprice of bananas is higher. How would your demand for vanilla pudding be affected by this?a. It would be unaffected.b. There is insufficient information given to answer the question.c. It would decrease.d. It would increase.38. Economics is defined asa. the study of central planning.b. the study of government regulation.c. the study of business.d. the study of how society manages its scarce resources.Hours needed to make one unit of:Amount produced in 2400hours:Cars Airplanes Cars AirplanesU . S .J a p a n 40501601506048151639. Refer to the tables shown. If the U.S. and Japan trade based on the principle of comparative advantage, the U.S. willexport __________ and Japan will export __________.a. airplanes, airplanesb. airplanes, carsc. cars, airplanesd. cars, cars40. Dakota is willing to pay $20 to see Independence Day for the fourth time. He finds a theater showing Independence Dayfor $5. Dakota's consumer surplus isa. $25.b. $15.c. $5.d. $20.。
经济学原理期中试题及答案
《经济学原理》期中测试题第一部分:选择题(每道2分,一共15道)1．亨利花了一个小时购物并买了一件价值30美元的汗衫，该汗衫的机会成本是：a．一个小时b．30美元c．一个小时加30美元d．一个小时加30美元的次优用途e．以上都不是答案：d2．假设美国增产1000吨小麦将减产500吨钢铁，而加拿大增产1000吨小麦将减产1000吨钢铁，那么我们可以说：a．加拿大在小麦生产上有绝对优势b．美国在小麦生产上有绝对优势c．美国将出口钢铁d．美国在钢铁生产上有绝对优势e．美国在小麦生产上有比较优势答案：e3．对商品或劳务的个人需求曲线：a．给出了在任一价格水平上，个人将会购买的商品或劳务数量b．给出了市场均衡价格c．表示了根据替代效应其它商品将会被替代掉d．以上都对e．a和c答案：a4．假设需求的价格弹性是1/3,，如果价格上升30％，需求数量如何变动？a.需求数量上升10%b.需求数量下降10%c.需求数量上升90%d.需求数量下降90%e.需求数量不变答案：b5.假设需求完全缺乏弹性,供给曲线向左移.那么,a.价格和数量都上升b.数量上升,价格不变c.价格上升,数量不变d.价格和数量都不上升e.价格上升,数量下降答案：c6.政府提供公共品的一个优势在于:a.不会导致稀缺性b.不会面对公共物品需求的不确定性c.能强制公民付费d.需求并不都是理性的e.以上都不对答案：c7.市场缺陷在什么时候发生?a.存在正外部性b存在负外部性c存在正或负的外部性d不存在外部性e以上都不对答案：c8如果两个国家有相同的机会成本,则,a不存在贸易的基础b他们也许会在某些产品上组织专业化生产,经过一段时间以后在这些产品生产方面取得比较优势c.各自都从贸易保护主义政策获利d具有绝对优势的国家将取得所有的贸易剩余e以上都不是答案：b9税收负担是指:a有多少人应该纳税b 决定应该纳多少税有多少困难c谁真正承担纳税义务,并考虑其经济反映d税收多大程度上扭曲经济决策e谁真正把钱交给税收当局答案：c10下一项哪个不是政府直接干预来纠正市场缺陷的例子?a国有化其银行体系b对新的石油储藏的勘探活动进行税收优惠c一个大城市为无家可归者建立栖身处d军队向私人企业购买坦克e以上均是直接干预的例子答案：b11下一项哪项不是政府正常的作用?a解决稀缺性问题b收入再分配c稳定经济d纠正市场缺陷e以上均不是答案a12下列哪一项关于需求的价格弹性是正确的?a对任何需求弹性而言价格弹性是不变的b需求在短期里比在长期里更加富有弹性c如果价格上升时总收入下降,需求相对而言比较缺乏弹性d a和ce以上都不对答案：e13生产可能性曲线:a 表示了一家厂商或一个社会可能生产的产品数量b 由于收益递减规律,它不是一条直线c 表示了商品间的替代关系d.以上都是e以上都不是答案：d14随着国家间开展自愿贸易:a所有人都受益b在大国中的所有人都受益c一些人受损,但收益足以补偿损失d公司受益而消费者受损e工人受益而消费者受损答案：c15如果一家厂商供应整个市场,此市场结构为:a完全竞争b寡头c垄断d垄断竞争e上述都不是答案：c第一题：机会成本：我们考虑一个例子，如果有人问你看电影的成本是多少，你可能会说：7美元，但是事实上不是那么简单，首先，成本不是7美元，而是如果不去看电影可以用7美元可以买到的东西，其次，你的时间是稀缺资源，在计算中应该考虑在内。
经济学原理课堂测试期中考试试题 答案
经济学原理课堂测试一1、 判断正误，并解释（必要时可画图）（10’）如果更多的中国人决定绿色出行，那么对汽车的需求（demand ）将会下降。
汽车需求(demand)的下降将会引起汽车价格的下降。
更低的市场价格，将会提高汽车需求(demand).于是在新的市场均衡时，中国人购买汽车的数量不会低于原来的汽车的购买数量。
答案:错。
当需求下降时，出现过剩，价格下降，导致供给量下降。
具体均衡变动如图所示，其中(22,E P )为新的均衡点。
2、 选择题。
选择正确的答案（20’）教材中分析了当农业中引入新发明的高产品种，导致农业增产，但由于农产品缺乏需求弹性，农民收益却下降的情形。
用生产可能性边界来表示这一影响，正确的图形是 右图 (直接回答左图或右图)。
假定经济一开始处于A 点，则改时间导致经济最终移动到图形上的 D (直接写出点的字母代号)。
3、（1） 一则题为《郑州黄河公路大桥今天零时起永久免费》的新闻中提到：“预计取消收费后车流量增幅将达20%”，同时提到原来的收费是“小轿车一次通过收费10元”。
假定原来所有的车辆都是按10元来收费的。
请用中点法估计一下这一大桥通行的需求价格弹性。
大桥通行的需求是缺乏弹性还是富有弹性？（10’）（2）假定（1）的回答反映了一般的道路通行的需求价格弹性，则为了缓解长假期间高速路拥堵的现象，你是建议政府采取降低、免除还是提高收费？幅度如何？（10’）答：（1）需求价格弹性：20%、[（10-0）/5]=0.1,是缺乏弹性的。
（2）应该采取提高收费政策，弹性越小，均衡价格越高，则提高幅度应该较大。
4.假如A岛每个工人每年可以生产3000件衣服或1000吨谷物。
假设B岛每个工人每年可以生产2000件衣服或2000吨谷物。
为了方便起见，假设每个岛只有一个工人，请回答下面问题：（1）根据比较优势原理，两个岛将如何安排各自的专业化生产方案？（10’）答：A岛工人1件生产衣服的机会成本为1/3吨谷物，生产1吨谷物的机会成本为3件衣服。
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经济学原理II（2011年春季学期）期中考试1（B卷答案）（2011/3/24）注意：请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上，写在本试题纸上一律无效。
一、判断题（判断并简要说明理由，必要时可以用图形。
每题4分，共20分）1.人们购买彩票的行为说明在无知之幕下，最大化最小标准未必是人们喜欢的标准。
正确。
购买彩票导致的后果是每个人都以同样概率中奖——处于无知之幕中，但购买彩票后的最小收益——不中奖——小于不购买彩票的行为（恰好与保险相反）。
人们选择购买彩票说明他们并不是在最大化最小。
2.“那些以较低工资雇佣农民工的企业是可耻的，因为没有他们，农民工就不会受到歧视性的待遇。
”错误。
这些以较低工资雇佣农民工的企业，与没有这样的企业的情形相比，实际上推高了农民工工资，从而成为了一种校正（雇主）歧视的力量，甚至最终可能消除歧视。
3.在某一年里，张三通过分期付款购买了一套住房，李四一次付清购买了同样价格的住房。
张三和李四对当年GDP的贡献相同。
正确。
这都导致投资需求增加相同的数量（一套住房），因此对当年的GDP贡献相同。
4.一国的出口减去进口（即净出口，NX）不可能超过国内生产总值（GDP）的数值，但出口或进口却有可能超过GDP的数值。
正确。
根据GDP恒等式Y=C+I+G+NX，得到Y-NX=C+I+G>0，即净出口不可能超过GDP 数值，但单独的出口或进口有可能超过GDP数值，特别是对于一些外向型经济的国家或地区（如新加坡、香港、卢森堡等）。
5.CPI指数上升必定意味着消费者的生活水平下降了，因为他们必须花费更多的支出才能买到同样的物品篮子。
错误。
CPI指数变动与消费者生活水平的变动并没有一一对应关系。
一种可能是，CPI指数上升，但消费者名义收入也上升，甚至快于CPI指数的上升。
此时，消费者的生活水平反而可能提高了。
二、选择题（每题3分，共36分。
每题只有一个正确答案。
）1.Congress buys personal computers for all U.S. college students. In the market equilibrium forlabor in the computer manufacturing industry, the marginal product of labor will , the wage level will .A.increase, increaseB.decrease, decreaseC.decrease, increaseD.increase, decrease2.一个在劳动力市场上处于买方垄断的企业，其雇佣劳动力的产量效应处于竞争性劳动市场上的企业，价格效应处于竞争性劳动市场上的企业，因而其雇佣的劳动力数量处于竞争性劳动市场上的企业。
（所有效应均考虑其绝对值大小）A.大于，等于，小于B.等于，大于，小于C.等于，小于，大于D.等于，小于，小于3.美国是一个有大量移民流入的国家，同时也是一个有大量资本流入的国家。
这两个事件带来的对美国劳动力市场的影响是：A.劳动力市场的均衡就业量增加，均衡工资变化不确定B.劳动力市场的均衡就业量增加，均衡工资下降C.劳动力市场的均衡就业量变化不确定，均衡工资下降D.劳动力市场的均衡就业量增加，均衡工资上升4.为了提高国民教育程度，印度尼西亚政府在60年代末大规模地兴修学校，这提高了儿童的入学率和教育质量。
经历过这一事件的儿童目前基本都已经进入工作岗位。
经济学家研究了他们现在的工资水平，发现在兴修学校后就读的儿童，其成人后的平均工资水平高于在兴修学校以前就读的儿童；而且在兴修学校密度越高的地区，这种差异越明显。
这表明：A.教育提高了劳动生产率B.教育发出了受教育者高能力的信号C.教育要么提高了生产率，要么发出了高能力的信号D.很难说明任何问题，因为影响工资水平的因素很多5.一项经验研究表明，其他条件不变，身高相对更高的人工资水平更高；但仅有那些青少年时期身高相对更高的人才有这一效应。
以下理论中最能与该研究吻合的是：A.身高更高本身就具有价值，因为其外在形象更招顾客或雇主喜欢B.身高更高可能反映了青少年时期更高的营养水平以及更多的社交经历，而后者意味着更高的生产率C.上述两种说法都有可能，但该研究不能分辨D.不是身高更高导致了更高的生产率；而是更高的生产率导致了更好的营养因而更高的身高。
6.最近一期《三联生活周刊》报道了一则新闻，一位检察官提出对一位溺死年幼女儿的贫困母亲进行减刑。
这位检察官认为，对于一个普通的母亲而言，溺死自己的女儿肯定是重罪，但这位母亲并没有拥有和其他母亲平等的机会。
你认为在三种政治哲学中，最可能支持这位检察官观点的是：A.功利主义B.自由主义C.自由意志主义（或译“自由至上主义”）D.三种政治哲学都不支持这一观点7.Consider two communities. In the rural community, ten families have incomes of $10,000each and ten families have incomes of $20,000 each. In the urban community, ten families have incomes of $200,000 each and ten families have incomes of $22,000 each. In which community the distribution of income more equal? Which distribution of income would Utilitarians prefer?A.The urban community; the rural community.B.The urban community; the urban community.C.The rural community; the rural community.D.The rural community; the urban community.8.Ford company sells a Mustang car form its inventory. How this transaction affectscomponents of GDP? How it affects total GDP?A.Consumption increases, investment decreases, and total GDP does not change.B.Neither component of GDP changes, nor total GDP.C.Consumption increases, and total GDP increases.D.Investment decreases, and total GDP decreases.9.If an American student buys a computer from a Korean-owned company operating inSwitzerland,A.U.S. net exports decrease, U.S. GDP and GNP are unaffected, Korean GDP increases, andSwiss GNP increases.B.U.S. net exports decrease, U.S. GDP and GNP decrease, Korean GNP increases, and SwissGDP increases.C.U.S. net exports decrease, U.S. GDP and GNP are unaffected, Korean GNP increases, andSwiss GDP increases.D.U.S. net exports, GDP, and GNP are unaffected, Korean GNP increases, and Swiss GDPincreases.10.Which of the following qualify as part of our economy's capital income?A.Interest paid to the owners of corporate bondsB.Wages paid to workersC.Salaries paid to chief executive officers of corporationsD.All of the above are incorrect.11.以下哪一项属于经济学意义上的“宏观调控”政策：A.政府推出了限制购买小汽车的政策B.政府推出了限制购买住房的政策C.中央银行调高了存款准备金率，以遏制投资需求的增加D.政府部门开展物价大检查，严防不法商贩哄抬物价12.小王平时都是在家做晚饭（假设在家做饭的原材料费用可以忽略不计）。
而今天，他决定把做饭的时间用来加班1小时，以多挣50元；在加班回家的路上，他给自己买了20元的麦当劳快餐当作晚饭。
则小王所有这些行动导致的GDP增加为：A.20元B.30元C.50元D.70元三、问答题（共3小题，44分）1. CPI, GDP deflator and Inflation Rate (10 points)A small nation of ten people only produces and consumes hamburgers and hotdogs, in thefollowing amounts:Hotdogs HamburgersQuantity Price Quantity Price 2009 10,000 $2 30,000 $12010 20,000 $3 20,000 $2e the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to compute the inflation rate from year 2009 to 2010. Useyear 2009 as the base year. (2 points)The CPI in year 2009 is 100.The CPI in year 2010 is:100*(10,000*$3+30,000*$2)/(10,000*$2+30,000*$1)=$90,000/$50,000=180.The inflation rate is: (180-100)/100*100%=80%e the GDP deflator to compute the inflation rate from year 2009 to 2010. Also use year 2009as the base year. (2 points)The GDP deflator in year 2009 is 100.The GDP deflator in year 2010 is:100*(20,000*$3+20,000*$2)/(20,000*$2+20,000*$1)=$100,000/$60,000=167.The inflation rate is 67%.c.Which measurement of Inflation is larger, the one from CPI or the one from GDP deflator?Explain why this might be a common phenomenon. Where should an ideal inflation rate belocated? (2 points)The one from CPI is larger. This is because of substitution bias. The CPI tends to overestimatetoday’s consumers’ expenditure since it assumes consumers consume the same basket today as inthe past. This fixed basket might have been substituted by cheaper basket.. Oppositely, the GDPdeflator tends to underestimates the inflation rate since it overestimates consumers’ expenditure inthe past, by assuming consumers consume the basket in the past as today and ignoring consumersmight have chosen a cheaper basket in the past.An ideal inflation rate should be located between GDP deflator and CPI.d.Do people’s standard of livings increase or decrease between those two years? Or cannot judge?Explain. If we calculate the inflation rate from the percentage change of nominal expenditure,i.e., expenditure using the current prices, would we over- or under- estimate the inflation rate?Explain. (3 points)People’s living standard has increased. The expenditure in 2010, $100,000, is higher thatexpenditure if people consumes the same basket as in year 2009, which would be $90,000. Sopeople must choose a better basket. (2 points)The inflation rate from comparing nominal expenditure will over-estimate the inflation rate, sincepeople have a higher living standard in the next year. (1 point)（The inflation rate calculated in this way is:(20,000*$3+20,000*$2)/ (10,000*$2+30,000*$1)-1=100%,which is even higher than in CPI and GDP deflator method.)pute the GDP growth rate from year 2009 to 2010. Use year 2009 as the base year. (1point)The GDP growth rate is:(20,000*$2+20,000*$1)/ (10,000*$2+30,000*$1)-1=$60,000/$50,000=20%。