海牙-维斯比规则(中英对照word版)
海牙,Visby,汉堡规则(中英)
Hague Rules名词解释– article 1 (1):―"Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.―承运人：包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。
―"Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading .“运输合同”仅适用于以提单进行海上货物运输的合同名词解释– article 1 (2):―"Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage instated as being carried on deck and is so carried.―货物包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类商品，但活的牲畜和在运输合同上载明装载于舱面并且已经这样装运的货物除外。
―"Ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.―"Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.The responsibility of carrier (1):―Article 3, 1―The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to:(a) Make the ship seaworthy.(b) Properly man, equip and supply the ship.(c) Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.―译:承运人需在开航时和开航前恪尽职责：使船舶适航；适当配备船员，装备和供应船舶；使船上货舱、冷藏舱和其他载货处所，能适宜和安全地接收、运送和保管货物。
海牙-维斯比规则(中英对照)
统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约（1924年8月22日订于布鲁塞尔，1924年8月25日颁布，1942年8月25日实施）INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OFLAW RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING(“HAGUE RULES”), AND PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE(Brussels, 25 August 1924)The President of the German Republic, the President of the Argentine Republic, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the Republic of Chile, the President of the Republic of Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His Majesty the King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the United States of America, the President of the Republic of Finland, the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most Supreme Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the King of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the Latvian Republic, the President of the Republic of Mexico, His Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of the Polish Republic, the President of the Portuguese Republic, His Majesty the King ofRomania, His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, His Majesty the King of Sweden, and the President of the Republic of Uruguay,HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain uniform rules of law relating to bills of lading,HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this object and have appointed the following Plenipotentiaries:WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:第一条Article 1本公约所用下列各词，涵义如下：In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings set out below:(a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。
海牙规则与维斯比规则的比较 英文版
5. Improve the carrier’s compensation for the goods damage
• (c) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is used to consolidate goods, the number of packages or units enumerated in the Bill of Lading as packed in such article of transport shall be deemed the number of packages or units for the purpose of this paragraph as far as these packages or units are concerned. Except as aforesaid such article of transport shall be considered the package or unit.
1.Expanding the scope of the application of the rules
(a) the Bill of Lading is issued in a Contracting State, or (b) the carriage is from a port in a Contracting State, or (c) the contract contained in or evidenced by the Bill of Lading provides that the rules of this Convention or legislation of any State giving effect to them are to govern the contract whatever may be the nationality of the ship, the carrier, the shipper, the consignee, or any other inlearing the evidence of the effectiveness of the bill of lading
维斯比规则中英文
Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unificationof Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading ("Visby Rules")修改统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约议定书（维斯比规则）(Brussels, 23 February 1968)（1968.2.23日订于布鲁塞尔）THE CONTRACTING PARTIES,各缔约国：CONSIDERINGthat it is desirable to amend the InternationalConvention for the unification of certain rules of law relating to Bills ofLading, signed at Brussels on 25th August 1924,考虑到修改一九二四年八月二十五日在布鲁塞尔签订的关于《统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约》的需要，HAVE AGREED as follows:协议如下：Article 1第一条1(1)In Article 3, paragraph 4, shall be added:在第三条第4款中应增加："However, proof to the contrary shall not be admissible when the Bill ofLading has been transferred to a third party actin g in good faith".“但是，当提单已经转给善意行事的第三者时，与此相反的证据不予接受。
“(2)In Article 3, paragraph 6, sub-paragraph 4 shall be deleted andreplaced by:在第三条第6款中的第4段应改为：“"Subject to paragraph 6bisthe carrier and the ship shall in any event bedischarged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the goods, unlesssuit is brought within one year of their delivery or of the date whentheyshould have been delivered. This period may, however, be extended ifthe parties so agree after the cause of action has arisen".“遵照第6款（修改本）的规定，除非从货物交付之日或应付之日起一年内提起诉讼，承运人和船舶在任何情况下都免除对于货物的货物责任。
中英对照海商法术语
7 8expenses incurred in the common interest of the creditorsdock, harbor and cannel chargeswages and other sums due to the master, officers and othermembers of the vessel ’s complementwreck removalloss of life and personal injury occurring in directconnection with the operation of the vesselloss of or damage to property occurring in directconnection with the operation of the vesselmaster ’s disbursementpossessory lien on vessellast in time, first in right为债权人共同利益而发生的费用港口规费9船长、船员的劳动报酬10 清除障碍物11 与船舶营运直接有关的人身伤亡12 与船舶营运直接有关的财产灭失与损坏131415船长垫支船舶留置权时间在后，权利在先161718192021captain/masterfunction of policefunction of notarizationfunction of meeting an emergencyfunction of agentcrewing agreement船长警察职能公证职能紧急处分职能代理职能船员劳动合同22232425262728293031323334contract of carriage of goods by seacarriershippership ownership operatornon-vessel operating common carrier, NVOCCfreight forwarderdisponent ownerconsignorconsigneemerchantgeneral cargobill of lading, B/L海上货物运输合同承运人托运人船舶所有人船舶经营人无船经营公共承运人货运代理人二船东发货人收货人货方件杂货提单船舶物权Real Rights in Ships1ownership of ships 船舶所有权2vessel under construction 建造中船舶3mortgage of ship 船舶抵押权4maritime lien 船舶优先权5accessories 附属利益6law costs due to the state 诉讼费船员Crew/Seamen班轮运输Liner Shipping35 sea way bill, SWB 海运单36 electronic bill of lading 电子提单37 contract of ocean through carriage of goods 海上货物联运合同38 local carrier 区段承运人39 actual carrier 实际承运人40 on-carrier 接运承运人41 performing carrier 履约承运人42 maritime performing party 海运履约方43 non-maritime performing party 非海运履约方44 ocean through B/L 海上联运提单multimodal transport operator, MTO 45combined transport operator, CTO46multimodal transport document47multimodal transport B/L48contract of a ffreightment, COA49volume contract50Hague Rules51Hague-Visby R ules52Hamburg Rules53Rotterdam Rules54booking note, B/N55shipbroker56seaworthy57properly man58properly equip the ship59properly supply the ship60cargoworthy61due diligence62latent defect63before and at the beginning of the voyage64independent contractor多式联运经营人多式联运单证多式联运提单海上货物运输总合同/包运合同批量合同《海牙规则》《海牙—维斯比规则》《汉堡规则》《鹿特丹规则》订舱单/托运单航运经纪人船舶适航适当地配备船员适当地装备船舶适当地为船舶配备供应品适货谨慎处理潜在缺陷开航前和开航当时独立合同人receive, loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care 接收、装载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、65for, discharge, deliver 照料、卸载、交付66 deviation 绕航67 delay in delivery of goods 迟延交付68 period of responsibility 责任期间69 full container load, FCL 整箱货70 less than container load, LCL 拼箱货71 tackle to tackle 钩至钩72 rail to rail 舷到舷73 freight 运费74 freight repaid/advanced freight 预付运费75 freight to collect/freight payable at destination 到付运费76 tariff 费率本77 ad valorem freight 从价运费78 lumpsum freight 包干运费79 dead freight 亏舱费80 lien on cargo 货物留置权81 nautical fault 航海过失82 navigation of the ship 驾驶船舶83 management of the ship 管理船舶84 good seamanship 良好船艺85 force majeure 不可抗力86 special drawing rights, SDR 特别提款权87 package/unit limitation of liability 单位责任限制88 non-contractual claim 非合同请求/非合同之诉89 notice of loss or damage 灭失或损坏的书面通知90 prima facie evidence 初步证据91 conclusive evidence 绝对证据92 evidence of transportation contract 运输合同的证明93 receipt of goods 货物收据94 document of title 物权凭证/权利凭证95 unknown clause 不知条款96 acting in good faith 善意97 original bill of lading 正本提单98 copy of bill of lading 副本提单99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 letter of guarantee/indemnity/undertaking, LOG/LOIdelivery of goods without bill of ladingon board B/L; shipped B/Lreceived for shipment B/Lclean B/Lunclean B/L; foul B/Lmate ’s receiptstraight B/Lblank B/L; barer B/L; open B/L保函无正本提单交付货物已装船提单收货待运提单清洁提单不清洁提单大副收据记名提单不记名提单108 order B/L 指示提单109 endorsement 背书110 to order 凭指示111 special endorsement 记名背书112 blank endorsement 空白背书113 direct B/L 直达提单114 ocean through B/L 海上联运提单115 combined transport B/L 多式联运提单116 anti-dated B/L 倒签提单117 postponed B/L 顺签提单118 advanced B/L 预借提单119 long form B/L 全式提单120 short form B/L 简式提单121 switch B/L 转换提单122 on deck B/L 舱面货提单123 stowed on deck 装于舱面上124 parcel B/L 包裹提单125 minimum freight B/L 最低运费提单126 omnibus B/L 合并提单127 separate B/L 分提单128 master B/L 船长提单129 house B/L 无船承运人提单130 transhipment clause 转船条款131 name of vessel 船名132 action in rem 对物诉讼133 notify party 通知方134 port of loading 装货港135 port of discharge 卸货港136 port of transhipment 转运港137 port of destination 目的港138 optional cargo 选港货139 description, marks, number and kind of packages or pieces, 货物名称、标志、包件的数量与种类或者weight or measurement o f goods 体积140 141 142 143 144particulars furnished by shipperissue of B/Lnon-negotiablecargo’s apparent order and conditiondefinition clause由托运人提供的事项提单的签发不可流通货物外表状态定义条款145 clause of jurisdiction and applicable law 管辖权与法律适用条款146 paramount clause 首要条款147 amount of compensation 赔偿金额148 time bar 时效149 dangerous cargo 危险货物150 live animal 活动物151 deck cargo 舱面货/甲板货152 cargo in container 集装箱货物153 refrigerated cargo 冷藏货物154 optional delivery 选港交付155 New Jason Clause 新杰森条款156 both to blame collision clause, BBC clause 双方互有责任碰撞条款157 local clause 地区条款158 invalid clause 无效条款159 reference clause 参照条款160 carrier ’s standard conditions of carriage承运人标准运输条件161 right of control 货物控制权162 paper document 纸面单证163 paperless document 无纸单证164 privity 私谋165 Himalaya Clause 喜马拉雅条款166 basis of liability 责任基础167 holder of the B/L 提单持有人168 owner of the goods 货物所有人169 validity of contractual terms 合同条款的有效性170 network liability system 网状责任制171 uniform liability system 统一责任制172 concealed damages 隐藏损失173 amended network liability system 经修正的网状责任制174 amended uniform liability system 经修正的统一责任制175 overall clause 最后责任条款租船运输Charter Party176 tramp shipping 不定期船运输177 voyage charterparty, voy. C/P 航次租船合同178 time charterparty, time C/P 定期租船合同179 bareboat charterparty, charterparty by demise 光船租赁合同180 single trip C/P 单航次租船合同181 return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同182 consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同183 consecutive return trip C/P 连续往返航次租船合同184 time charter on trip basis, TCT 航次期租合同185 bareboat charter with hire purchase 光船租购合同186 shipowner 船舶出租人187 charterer 船舶承租人188 code name/word 租约代号189 rider/additional clause 附加条款190 fixture note 订约确认书191 essentials 基本条款192 details 细节193 condition clause 条件条款194 warranty clause 保证条款195 intermediate/innominate clause 中间条款196 B/L under C/P 租约提单197 dispatch money 速遣费198 Uniform General Charter, GENCON 《统一杂货租船合同》，“金康”199 Tanker Voyage Charter Party, ASBA TANKVOY 《油船航次租船合同》200 capable of steaming 能够到达201 description of vessel 船舶说明202 preliminary voyage 预备航次203 demurrage 滞期费204 lay time 装卸时间205 owner ’s responsibility出租人责任206 payment of freight 运费支付207 cancelling date 解约日208 brokerage commission 佣金209 representation 陈述210 misrepresentation 误述211 substituted vessel 替代船212 vessel ’s nationality船舶国籍213 flag of convenience 方便旗214 vessel ’s class船级215 vessel ’s tonnage船舶吨位216 registered tonnage 登记吨217 deadweight tonnage, DWT 载重吨218 gross registered tonnage, GRT 总登记吨219 net registered tonnage, NRT 经登记吨220 net tonnage, NT 净吨221 vessel ’s position船舶动态222 now trading 现在运营中223 interpellation clause 质询条款224 stowage factor 积载因素225 declaration 宣载226 damage for short lift 索赔短装损失227 seaworthy trim clause 适航平衡条款228 near clause 临近条款229 liner terms 班轮条款230 berth terms 泊位条款231 gross terms 总承兑条款232 free alongside ship, FAS 船边交接货物233 free in and out, F.I.O. 出租人不承担装卸费用234 free i n and out, stowed and trimmed, F.I.O.S.T. 出租人不承担装卸费用、积载及平舱费用235 liner in, free out 出租人承担装货费用，但不承担卸货费用236 free in, liner out 出租人不承担装货费用，但承担卸货费用237 laydays 受载期238 per hatch per day 每日每舱口239 per working hatch per day, WHD 每日每作业舱口240 clear day 净日241 calendar day 日历日242 working days 工作日243 weather working day, W.W.D. 晴天工作日/良好天气工作日244 weather working day of 24 hours 24 小时良好天气工作日245246247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258259weather working day of 24 consecutive hoursweather working day, Sunday and holiday excepted,W.W.D.SHEX.unless sooner commencedunless used, U.U.unless used, but only time actually used to counteven if used, E IUcustomary quick dispatch, CQDas fast as the vessel can receive/delivernotice of readiness, N/Rarrived vesselport charterberth charterreachable on arrivalwhether in berth or not, WIBONtime lost waiting for berth to count as loading/dischargingtime连续24 小时良好天气工作日良好天气工作日，星期日和节假日除外除非提前开始除非已使用除非已使用，但只计算实际使用的时间即使已使用按习惯尽快装卸以船舶能够收货或者交货的速度装卸准备就绪通知书到达船舶港口租船合同泊位租船合同到达即可靠泊不论靠泊与否等待泊位所损失的时间计为装货/卸货时间260 whether vessel in free pratique or not 船舶通过检疫与否261 whether customs cleared or not 已经报关与否262 demurrage runs continuously 滞期时间连续计算263 once on demurrage, always on demurrage 一旦滞期，永远滞期264 per like day 按同样的日265 dispatch on (all) working time saved, WTS 按节省的（全部）工作时间计算速遣费266 dispatch on (all) laytime saved, ATS 按节省的（全部）装卸时间计算速遣费267 dispatch on all time saved 按节省的全部时间计算速遣费268 (right) to average laytime 装卸时间平均计算（的权利）269 reversible laytime 可调剂使用装卸时间270 oil consumption 燃油消耗量271 incorporation clause 并入条款272 liberty to deviate clause 自由绕航条款273 P&I bunkering clause 保赔协会添加燃料条款274 Uniform Time Charter, BALTIME 《统一定期租船合同》，“波尔的姆”275 New York Produce Exchange, NYPE 纽约土产交易所276 government form 政府格式277 delivery of vessel 交船278 period of hire 租期279 trading limit 航行区域280 owners to provide 出租人提供的事项281 charterers to provide 承租人提供的事项282 payment of hire 租金支付283 redelivery of vessel 还船284 off-hire 停租285 owners ’ responsibilities and exceptions出租人的责任与免责286 employment and indemnity clause 使用与赔偿条款287 sublet 转租288 ship security 船舶保安289 vessel ’s speed and fuel consumption船速与燃油消耗量290 speed claim 船速索赔291 bunker delivery note 加油单292 bunker price adjustment clause 燃油价格条款293 calendar month 日历月294 grace period 宽容期295 excluded cargo 除外货物296 safe port 安全港口297 abnormal occurrence 异常事件298 withdrawal of vessel 撤船299 notice of withdrawal 撤船通知300 anti-technicality clause 抵御市场波动条款/反技巧性条款301 deficiency of men or stores 人员或者燃料不足302 303 304 305 306 breakdown or damage to hull, machinery or equipmentdetention by average to ship or cargodrydockingpreventing the full working of the vessellegitimate/illegitimate last voyage船体、船机或者设备的故障或者损坏船舶或者货物遭受海损事故而引起延误船舶入干坞阻碍船舶完全按照合同营运合法/非法的最后航次307 overlap 超过租期时间308 underlap 提前的时间309 damage for detention 延滞损失310 unliquidated loss 非约定性损失311 time sheet 装卸时间表312 ordinary wear and tear 自然损耗313 on-off hire survey 交船检验和还船检验314 initial seaworthiness 船舶最初适航315 maintenance clause 维持条款316 317 318 319 320 321 322under the supervision of the masterreasonable dispatchHamburg Rules Charterparty ClauseStandard Bareboat Charter, BARECONcall signspecial surveybill of sale在船长监督之下合理速遣汉堡规则租船合同条款《标准光船租赁合同》，“贝尔康”船舶呼号特别检验船舶卖据船舶碰撞Collision of Ships323 inevitable accident 不可避免的事故324 fault/negligence 过失325 inscrutable fault 不明过失326 presumption/inference 推定361 362 363Special Compensation of P&I Club Clause, SCOPICClausethe skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing orminimizing damage to the environmentany property not permanently and intentionally attached tothe shoreline船东保赔协会特别补偿条款救助方为防止或减轻环境污损的技能和努力非永久和非有意地依附于岸线的任何财产331principle of fault in case of emergencyrule of agony of the momentrule of reasonable probabilityrestitution in integrumthe right to a full and complete indemnityremoteness of damagesimmediate consequence of the collisioncorrelative duty of injured party to minimise damagessingle liability principlecross liability principlewave damageallusionLisbon Rules紧急情况下的过失原则332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342合理可能性原则恢复原状完全赔偿权遥远损失碰撞事故之后立即发生的后果受害方减少损害的相应责任单一责任制交叉责任制浪损船舶触碰《里斯本规则》327 legal presumptions of fault 法律推定过失328 chains of causation 原因链329 last opportunity rule 最后机会原则330 Pennsylvania Rule 宾夕法尼亚原则海难救助Salvage at Sea343 pure salvage 纯救助344 contract salvage 合同救助345 employed salvage service 雇佣救助346 no cure, no pay 无效果，无报酬347 no cure, some pay 无效果，给补偿348 object recognized by law 救助标的为法律所承认349 in danger 处于危险之中350 voluntary salvage 自愿救助351 liability salvage 责任救助352 compulsory salvage 强制救助353 mutual/reciprocal salvage 互救354 useful result 救助效果355 meritorious contribution 实质性贡献356 effective service 有效服务357 salvage payment/reward/remuneration 救助报酬358 overriding criterion 首要准则359 special compensation 特别补偿360 safe net clause 安全网条款共同海损General Average366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384385386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402particular average, P.A.general average, G .A.common dangercommon maritime adventurereal perilimmediate dangerintentional actreasonable actextraordinary sacrifices and expenditureuseful effectgeneral average actsacrifice of general averagejettison of cargoextinguishing fire on shipboardcutting away wreckvoluntary strandingengines and boilerscargo, ship ’s materials and stores used for fuelgeneral average expenditureexpense lightening a ship when ashore, and consequentdamageexpenses in port of refugerepairing expensespermanent repairsnew for oldtemporary repairssubstituted expensesprovision of funds and commissionadjustment feeinterest on losses made good in general averagegeneral average negligence clausetime limit of general averagegeneral average securitygeneral average guaranteegeneral average depositlimited/unlimitedcounter guaranteeaverage bond单独海损共同海损共同危险同一海上航程真实危险紧急危险有意采取的措施合理的措施特殊牺牲和特殊费用有效果共同海损行为共同海损牺牲抛弃货物扑灭船上火灾割弃残损物有意搁浅机器和锅炉当作燃料使用的货物、船用材料和物料共同海损费用搁浅船舶减载费用以及因此而受的损害避难港费用修理费用永久性修理以新换旧临时性修理代替费用垫款手续费和保险费理算费用共同海损损失的利息共同海损疏忽条款共同海损时限共同海损担保共同海损担保函共同海损保证金限额/无限额担保函反担保函海损协议书364 365freight at riskStandard Form of Salvage Agreement, LloydLOF有风险的运费’s Open Form,《劳合社救助合同标准格式》428maritime claims (not) subject to limitation（非）限制性海事请求海事赔偿责任限制 Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims416 global limitation 综合责任限制417 ship ’s value system 船价值 418 post-accident value 事故前船价 419 pre-accident value 事故后船价 420 abandonment system 委付制 421 venture assets 航次资产 422 venture debts 航次债务 423 venture bankrupt 航次破产 424 enforcement system 执行制 425 amount system 金额制 426 tonnage system 吨位制 427option system并用制海上保险 Marine Insurance429 insurer/underwriter 保险人 430 insured/assured 被保险人 431 applicant 投保人 432 insurance agent 保险代理人 433 insurance broker 保险经纪人 434 perils covered 保险事故 435 maritime adventure 海上航行 /海上风险436 subject-matter insured 保险标的 437 insurable interest 保险利益 438 insured value保险价值 439 insured amount/sum insured保险金额 440 full insurance 足额保险 441under insurance不足额保险403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415non-separation agreement adjustment of general averageaverage adjuster general average adjustment total amount of general averageamount allowable for loss of or damage to ship/cargoamount allowable for loss of freightcommercial invoice shipped valuecontributory value of general a verage contributory value of s hip/cargo/freightgross/net freight York-Antwerp Rules不分离协议 共同海损理算海损理算人 共同海损理算书 共同海损损失金额船舶/货物损失金额 运费损失金额商业发票汽运价值共同海损分摊价值 船舶/货物/运费分摊价值毛/净运费《约克—安特卫普规则》442 over insurance 超额保险443 measurement of indemnity 赔偿限度444 application form 投保单445 binding slip 暂保单446 slip 承保条447 policy 保险单448 insurance certificate 保险凭证449 open policy 预约保险单450 original slip 原始承保条451 duty of disclosure 告知义务452 principle of good faith 诚信原则453 principle of indemnity 损失补偿原则454 subrogation 代为求偿权455 double insurance 重复保险456 premium 保险费457 warranty 保证458 implied warranty 默示保证459 express warranty 明示保证460 estoppel 禁止反言461 wavier 弃权462 sue and labour 施救义务463 successive loss 连续损失464 intent act 故意行为465 barratry 不法行为466 total loss 全损467 partial loss 部分损失468 actual total loss 实际全损469 constructive total loss 推定全损470 notice of abandonment 委付通知471 abandonment 委付472 assign 转让473 principal risks 主险474 additional risks 附加险475 free from particular average, F.P.A. 平安险476 withparticularaverage,W.A. 水渍险477 all risks 一切险478 total loss only 全损险479 exclusions 除外责任480 war risks 战争险481 strike risks 罢工险482 duration/period of insurance 保险期间483 perils insured against 列明风险484 deductible 免赔额485 protection and indemnity insurance, P&I insurance 保赔保险其他486 cabin luggage 自带行李487 checked luggage 非自带行李/托运行李488 towage contract 海上拖航合同489 tug 拖轮490 sister ship 姊妹船491 pollution damage to marine environment 海洋环境污染损害。
船务英语中英文对译
海牙-维斯比规则(中+英)
统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约（1924年8月22日订于布鲁塞尔，1924年8月25日颁布，1942年8月25日实施）《海牙规则》第一条本公约所用下列各词，涵义如下:(a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。
(b) “运输合同”仅适用于以提单或任何类似的物权凭证进行有关海上货物运输的合同；在租船合同下或根据租船合同所签发的提单或任何物权凭证，在它们成为制约承运人与凭证持有人之间的关系准则时，也包括在内。
(c) “货物”包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类的物品，但活牲畜以及在运输合同上载明装载于舱面上并且已经这样装运的货物除外。
(d) “船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船舶。
(e) “货物运输”是指自货物装上船时起，至卸下船时止的一段期间。
第二条除遵照第六条规定外，每个海上货物运输合同的承运人，对有关货物的装载、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载，都应按照下列规定承担责任和义务，并享受权利和豁免。
第三条1．承运人须在开航前和开航时谨慎处理：(a) 使船舶适航；(b) 适当地配备船员、装备船舶和供应船舶；(c) 使货舱、冷藏舱和该船其他载货处所能适宜和安全地收受、运送和保管货物。
2．除遵照第四条规定外，承运人应适当和谨慎地装卸、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载所运货物。
3．承运人或船长或承运人的代理人在收受货物归其照管后，经托运人的请求，应向托运人签发提单，其上载明下列各项：(a) 与开始装货前由托运人书面提供者相同的、为辨认货物所需的主要标志，如果这项标志是以印戳或其他方式标示在不带包装的货物上，或在其中装有货物的箱子或包装物上，该项标志通常应在航程终了时仍能保持清晰可认。
(b) 托运人用书面提供的包数或件数，或数量，或重量。
(c) 货物的表面状况。
但是，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人，不一定必须将任何货物的标志、号码、数量或重量表明或标示在提单上，如果他有合理根据怀疑提单不能正确代表实际收到的货物，或无适当方法进行核对的话。
比较《海牙规则》、《维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》和《鹿特丹规则》表格形式
2.无过失免责条款
保留了航海过失免责，规定承运人的受雇人和代理人也可以援引航海过失免责，同时也将航海过失免责可对抗的请求理由扩大到侵权。
将不完全过失责任制度改为完全过失责任制度，废除了对驾驶船舶和管理船舶的过失免责的规定，并且要求由承运人自己证明无过失，否则其对货物的灭失、损害和延迟交货所造成的损失负赔偿责任。
管辖权
无
无
原告就货物运输的法律程序，可就法院地作下列选择：
①被告主营业所所在地或惯常居所所在地；或
②合同订立地，且合同是通过被告“在该地的营业所、分支机构或代理机构订立的；或
③装货港或卸货港；或
④海上运输合同中指定的其它地点。
诉讼时效延长，货物灭失或损害的诉讼时效为1年，从交付货物或应当交付货物时起算。诉讼事由发生后，只要双方当事人同意，这一诉讼期限可以延长。对于追偿时效，在规定的1年期满之后，只要是在受理案件的法院的法律准许期间内，便可向第三方提起索赔诉讼，但是准许时间自提起诉讼的人已经解决原索赔案件，或向其本人送达起诉状之日起算起，不得少于3个月。
关于火灾，规定应由索赔人举证证明承运人、其受雇人或代理人对火灾犯有过失，否则承运人可以免责。
几乎没有免责的机会，采用承运人完全过失责任原则，并且废除了承运人“管船过失”免责和“火灾过失”免责。
新设内容
1.明确了“喜马拉雅条款”法律地位；
2.增加了“集装箱条款”
电子运输记录
承运人的赔偿责任范围
最高赔偿额每件或每单位的货物损失为100英镑，但托运人在装货前已就该项货物与的性质和Βιβλιοθήκη 值提出声明并已在提单中注明的不在此限。
为了彻底纠正海运关系中承运人与货主间权利义务失衡的状况。
随着《汉堡规则》的生效，使得海上货物运输合同领域内的立法日趋复杂，而国际航海上货物运输法律领域的不统一间接影响贸易的顺利进行，增加因为法律不确定性导致的诉讼成本。
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统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约(1924年8月22日订于布鲁塞尔,1924年8月25日颁布,1942年8月25日实施)INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OF LAWRELATING TO BILLS OF LADING(“HAGUE RULES”), AND PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE(Brussels, 25 August 1924)The President of the German Republic, the President of the Argentine Republic, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the Republic of Chile, the President of the Republic of Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His Majesty the King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the United States of America, the President of the Republic of Finland, the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most Supreme Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the King of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the Latvian Republic, the President of the Republic of Mexico, His Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of the Polish Republic, the President of the Portuguese Republic, His Majesty the King of Romania, His Majesty the King of theSerbs, Croats and Slovenes, His Majesty the King of Sweden, and the President of the Republic of Uruguay,HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain uniform rules of law relating to bills of lading,HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this object and have appointed the following Plenipotentiaries:WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:第一条 Article 1本公约所用下列各词,涵义如下:In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings set out below:(a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。
(a)"Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.(b)“运输合同”仅适用于以提单或任何类似的物权凭证进行有关海上货物运输的合同;在租船合同下或根据租船合同所签发的提单或任何物权凭证,在它们成为制约承运人与凭证持有人之间的关系准则时,也包括在内。
(b)"Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under orpursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same.(c)“货物”包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类的物品,但活牲畜以及在运输合同上载明装载于舱面上并且已经这样装运的货物除外。
(c)"Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so carried.(d) “船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船舶。
(d)"Ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea. “货物运输”是指自货物装上船时起,至卸下船时止的一段期间。
(e)"Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.第二条 Article 2除遵照第六条规定外,每个海上货物运输合同的承运人,对有关货物的装载、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载,都应按照下列规定承担责任和义务,并享受权利和豁免。
Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth.第三条 Article 31.承运人须在开航前和开航时谨慎处理:1.The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to:(a)使船舶适航;(a)Make the ship seaworthy.(b) 适当地配备船员、装备船舶和供应船舶;(b)Properly man, equip and supply the ship.(c) 使货舱、冷藏舱和该船其他载货处所能适宜和安全地收受、运送和保管货物。
(c)Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.2.除遵照第四条规定外,承运人应适当和谨慎地装卸、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载所运货物。
2.Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried.3.承运人或船长或承运人的代理人在收受货物归其照管后,经托运人的请求,应向托运人签发提单,其上载明下列各项:3.After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading showing among other things:(a) 与开始装货前由托运人书面提供者相同的、为辨认货物所需的主要标志,如果这项标志是以印戳或其他方式标示在不带包装的货物上,或在其中装有货物的箱子或包装物上,该项标志通常应在航程终了时仍能保持清晰可认。
(a)The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.(b) 托运人用书面提供的包数或件数,或数量,或重量。