【全国百强校】四川省绵阳中学2019届高三英语复习素材：定语从句的简化规则
2019届高考英语二轮往届真题回顾：定语从句(含答案解析)
2019届高考英语二轮往届真题回顾：定语从句（含答案解析）定语从句——使先行词更准确1．(2018·北京，27)Many countries are now setting up nationa l parks________animals and plants can be protected.A．when B．which C．whose D．where解析考查定语从句。
定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词，先行词指地点，故选where。
答案D[:2．(2018·福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake t hrough the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.A．whose B．that C．who D． which[:解析考查定语从句。
其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。
答案 A3．(2018·湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.A．whom B．who C．what D．which解析考查定语从句。
先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。
答案 B4．(2018·江苏，22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A．where B．whi ch C．what D．when解析考查定语从句。
先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。
2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义定语从句
2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
2而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句
高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句，希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。
易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分，最后选择正确的词。
要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。
如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。
易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用只用which，不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如：☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，如：☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
2019年高考英语专项基础知识复习-定语从句.pdf
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修 好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged
has now been repaoman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.
that 指人做 主语
正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张 小姐。
当主句以 who 、
which 开头的 特殊疑
问句时，定语 从句要
用 that
时间
when
He came at a time when we. needed him most.
他在我们最需要的时候来 了。
在定语从句中 作时
间状语
We’ll never forget the day when the People ’ｓ
only, the very,the same 等修饰 时用关系代词 that.
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ? 正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？
Which of the books that you bought is easy to
read?
你买的那些书中哪一本容易 读。
先行词是人 时，关系
代词不受制 约， 用
that 或 who (whom)
均可
that This is the best film that I have seen .
这是我看过的最好的一部电 影。
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library.
1、从属连词 that （无词义）； whether 是否； if 假如，是否
although(though) 虽然； because 因为
四川绵阳中学2019高三9月抽考-英语(含解析)
四川绵阳中学2019高三9月抽考-英语（含解析）英语 (120分钟)第一卷〔选择题共100分〕第一部分语法和词汇知识〔共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分〕1. Not everyone has realized what_______ important part the balance of________nature plays in their life.A、an；theB、/；theC、an；/D、the；/2. Why didn’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too ill togo on working?A. itB. youC. himD. that3. One of our rules is that every student_______ wear school uniform whileat school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will4. Jack packed all the things into a case, ____________.A. being anxiously to leaveB. to be anxious toleaveC. anxious to leaveD. be anxiousto leave5. -----What should I wear to attend his wedding party?-----Wear ________ you like.A. whatB. howeverC. whateverD. how6. We all know that, , the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with7. Fully _______ to looking after three children at home, she no longerhas time to enjoy various activities in the club.A. attachedB. occupiedC. contributedD. devoted8. My friend Shelly is ________ stupid. However, she is pretty smart.A. much tooB. more thatC. far fromD. less than9. The boy knocked down by the car stood up all by himself, ________ unhurt.A. apparentlyB. doubtfullyC. unfortunatelyD. generally10. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. wentfinished11. -----What’s wrong with Jenny?-----A call from her mother _______ an attack of homesickness.A. sent outB. set outC. set offD. sent off12. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ sucha beautiful palace.A. can you findB. you could findC. you canfind D. could you find13. John’s ability to learn from observations and experience _______greatly to his success in public life.A. owedB. attachedC. relatedD. contributed14、It was _____ he came back from Africa _______ he met the girl he wouldlike to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only;when15. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but bythe time we up, her voice had been full of life.A. were hangingB. had hungC. hungD. would hang16. ---- ______ busy schoolwork, the children also have to take arts, musicand sports classes in their free time.---- I wonder what they will become.A. Rather thanB. Owing toC. Except forD. Apartfrom17. Mother asked to take more money_______ something unexpected shouldhappen.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when18.________the temperature might drop，coal was prepared for warming.A、To considerB、ConsideredC、ConsideringD、To be considered19. The Chinese government insists that the Huangyan Island _____ partof China and insists the Philippine government ______ the arrestedChinese fishermen free.A. should be, setB. is; should setC. be; setsD. is;sets20.— I see you got a “D” in biology. _______?— Well, I found that subject hard. I think I’ll drop it.A. How are youB. How comeC. So whatD. Why not第二部分完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分〕This is my third story. When I was 17，I read a quote that 21 like，“If you live each day 22 it was your last，someday you'll most certainly be right.” Since then，for the past thirty-three years，I've looked 23 the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life，would I want to do what I am about to do today？”And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a 24 ，I know I need to change something.About a year ago I was 25 with cancer. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable，and that I should 26 to live no longer than three to six months. They advised me to go home and get my 27 in order，which is doctors' code for “prepare to 28 ”.Later that evening when the doctors 29 the cells taken from my pancreas(胰腺)under a microscope，they started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is 30 with surgery.I had the surgery and， 31 ，I'm fine now.This was the closest I've been to facing death，and I hope it's the closestI get for a few more decades. Death is the 32 we all share. No one has33 escaped it. And that is 34 it should be，because death is very likely the single 35 invention of life. It's life's change agent. It clears out the old to make 36 for the new. Your time is 37 ，so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma(信条)—whichis living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noiseof 38 opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most importantly，have the courage to 39 your heart and intuition(直觉). They 40 already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.21.A. said B. described C. went D. expressed22.A. unless B. as if C.even if D. as long as23.A. in B. at C. throughD. on24.A. row B. minute C. sense D. word25.A. connected B. infected C. affected D. diagnosed26.A. want B. dream C. expect D. imagine27.A. duties B. businesses C. affairs D. life28.A. work B. start C. talk D. die29.A. looked B. viewed C. realized D. noticed30.A. curable B. possible C. acceptable D. suitable31.A. carefully B. thankfully C. anxiously D. hopefully32.A. possession B. destination C. expectationD. position33.A. ever B. even C. never D.still34.A. when B. while C. as D. since35A. better B. worst C. worse D. bestA. useB. differenceC. senseD. wayA. endlessB. repeatedC. countlessD. limitedA. others'B. othersC. anyone'sD.some othersA. listenB. followC. takeD. acceptA. howeverB. whateverC. somehowD. somewhat第三部分阅读理解〔共两节，总分值50分〕第一节〔共20小题；每题2分，总分值40分〕AIt was the afternoon of December 24, the day before Christmas; and as the newest doctor in our office, I had to work. The only thing that brightened my day was the beautifully decorated Christmas tree in our waiting room and a gift sent to me by a fellow I was dating- a dozen long-stemmed red roses.As I was cleaning my office, our receptionist came and said there was a lady in the front office that urgently needed to speak with me. As I stepped out, I noticed a young, tired-looking woman with a baby in her arms. Nervously, she explained that her husband-a prisoner in a nearby prison-was my next patient. The guards were scheduled to bring him to the office that afternoon. She told me she wasn’t allowed to visit her husband in prison and that he had never seen his son. Her request was for me to let the boy’s father sit in the waiting room with her as long as possible before I called him for his appointment. Since my schedule wasn’t full, I agreed. After all, it was Christmas Eve.A short time later, her husband arrived-with chains on his feet and hands, and two armed guards as bodyguards. The woman’s tired face lit up like our little Christmas tree when her husband took a seat beside her.I kept glancing out to watch them laugh, cry and share their child. After almost an hour, I called the prisoner back to my office. While I worked, the guards stood just outside my door. The patient seemed like a gentle and modest man. I wondered what he possibly could have done to be held under such conditions. I tried to make him as comfortable as possible.At the end of the appointment, I wished him a Merry Christmas-a difficult thing to say to a man headed back to prison. He smiled and thanked me. He also said he felt saddened by the fact he hadn’t been able to get his wife anything for Christmas. On hearing this, I was inspired with a wonderful idea.I’ll never forget the look on both their faces as the prisoner gave his wife the beautiful, long-stemmed roses. I’m not sure who experienced the most joy-the husband in giving, the wife in receiving, or myself in having the opportunity to share in this special moment.41、What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A、The writer was a newcomer to her office.B、A fellow sent her a dozen red roses as Christmas present.C、She was in low spirits because she had to work before Christmas.D、She was at work with a light heart.42、The young woman came to the writer’s office for the purposeof .A、having her baby examinedB、giving her husband a chance to make his escapeC、having her husband examinedD、getting a chance for her family to get together43、The underlined part in paragraph 3 most probably means “”.A、to be sent to hospitalB、to be separated from his familyC、to be comfortableD、to become a prisoner44、What does the writer learn from the story?A、The wife experienced the most joy in receiving.B、An act of kindness can mean a lot.C、The prisoner was treated with mercy.D、Whoever breaks the law shall be punished.BNext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation〔感觉〕of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.Psychologists have known that one person’s perception〔感知〕of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother”carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses〔假设〕, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.45. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by________.A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he hasC. his physical feeling of coldnessD. the things he has bought online46. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ________.A. adults should develop social skillsB. babies need warm physical contactC. caregivers should be healthy adultsD. monkeys have social relationships47. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ________.A. evaluate someone’s personalityB. write down their hypothesesC. fill out a personal information formD. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively48. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiencesB. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwideC. physical temperature affects how we see othersD. capable persons are often cold to othersCDo you want to visit Warwick Castle in Britain? Warwick is a friendly and a memorable experience with something for all ages、Easily accessible by car, bus, train, cycling or on foot it is surrounded by historic buildings and numerous attractions.Ticket Prices & OfferstheUltimateCastleandTheCastleDungeonTicketatthebestprice.Onlinebookingsmustbemade24hoursbeforeyouvisit、PleasenotethatAdmissiontoTheCastleDungeonisNOTincludedwithStandardo nlineoronthedaytickets、TherearelimitedDungeonsticketsavailable,andonlyfromWarwick-CastlE、com、PleasebookinadvancetoguaranteeyourCastleDungeonexperience. OneDayTicketsBookingonlineisthebestwaytogetyourticketsforBritain’sUltimateCastlE、Save20%andskiptheticketqueuewhenyouarrive–itcouldn’tbeeasier!Ifyou’renotsurewhenyouwanttovisitthendon’tworry–youcanstillbookaFlexiTicket-valid〔有效的〕ImportantnotesonticketingPleasenotethatifyouwishtovisittheCastleusinganon-the-daypromoti onalvoucher，yourDungeonexperiencecanbeprebookedbycalling0870*******.A￡ 1.50feeappliestoallbookingsmadeonlineandviatelephone–onefeeperbooking、Childrenmustbeaccompaniedbyanadult、Croupratesareavailableforgroupsofmorethan10peoplE、Groupscanbookedbycalling0870*******oronline.Onlinebookingsmustbemade24hoursbeforeyouvisit.49.IfyouhopetovisitCastleDungeon,youshould.A.buytheticketinpersonB.dial0870*******D.bookthetickettwodaysinadvance50.Whatistheadvantageofbookingticketsonline?A.Youdon’thavetowaitinqueue.B.Youcansave￡20intotal.C.TheticketincludestheCastleDungeon.D.Theticketisavailableatanytime .51.IfyouwanttobooktheUltimateFamilyTicketonline,youshouldpay___.A、￡55.00B、￡48.50C、￡47.00D、￡37.6052.Thetextprobablyistakenfrom.A.anewspaperB.amagazineC.ageographybookD.awebsiteDThetraditionaldistinctionbetweenproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthoses atisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday’sprosperoussocieties,thedistinctionhasbecomeunclearbecausesomanywants havebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriter,forinstance,canworkwithpaperandpencil s.Thesearelegalneedsforthetask.Buttheworkcanbedonemorequicklyandeffic ientlywithawordprocessor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanaw ant.Inthefieldofmarketing,consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhich theyarepurchased.Thetwomainclassesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods .Twolessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsought(主动提供的)goods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshopper sthinkaboutproducts,notonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.Whatisregar dedasaconvenienceiteminFrance(wine,forexample)shouldbeaspecialtygoods intheUnitedStates. Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroc eries,newspapers,toothpaste,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencego odsmaybedoneroutinely,assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregular lypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtwithoutenoughthinking;someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundae(圣代)onahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems. Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,qualit y,andstyles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyingana utomobileisoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses;thosethatarerecognizedasbasicallythes ameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasical lythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances,televisionsets,andautomobi les.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedin gettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasessentiallydiffe rentincludeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,styleandfashionwillei thertakeprecedence(优先)overprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.53.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A.awriterneedsawordprocessorB.needsandwantscan’tbeseparatedclearlyC.thewaytodistinguishtheproductsisunimportantD.acomputerisaneedratherthanawant54.Theexampleofwineisusedtoshowthat______.A.goodsareclassifieddifferentlyindifferentcountriesB.thetypesoftheproductlieonthepeopleratherthanitsnatureC.FrenchmenoftendrinkbutAmericanssometimesdoD.oneproductmaybelongtomanytypes55.Staplesareitemsthat______.A.areconvenienttopurchaseB.arepurchasedwithoutenoughthinkingC.people“wantbutdon’tneed”D.peopleareinconstantneedof56.Shoppinggoodsthatareconsideredasbasicallythesamearethosethat______ .A.consumersdon’tcarewheretobuythemB.consumersspendmuchtimesearchingforC.satisfysimilarneedsoftheconsumerD.canbefoundinnearlyeveryshopE“ONLYACOKEWILLDO”“Wedon’tnecessarilybelievethatnewadvertising,whichmightmakeconsumersfeelbett erabouttheCokebrandorbetterabouttheadsthemselves,willactuallyresultin consumersconsumingmoreoftheproduct,”MorganStanley’sBillPecoriellowroteinaresearchnotethedaysaftertheinvestor(投资者)meeting.ButCokeisoptimisticitcanregainitsoldmagic,andisbankingonan ewslogan:“WelcometotheCokesideoflife.”BREAKTHROUGHHIT?WithPepsiCoabouttosurpass〔超越〕CokeasthebeveragekingonWallStreet —Pepsi’smarketcapitalizationhassoaredinrecentyearsto$97.9billion,puttingitlessthanabilliondollarsbehinditsrival—theheatisonCoke.It’ssettolaunchanewmarketingcampaigninMarch,2006.Andhavingtakenaquickloo katCoke’sinvestorpresentationonDec.7inNewYork,mysenseisthatCokemaybemovingint herightdirection.Giventhecontinuedshiftbyconsumersawayfromsoda—Coke’sstronghold—andintoalternativebeverageslikejuice,tea,andwater,Cokebadlyneedsabrea kthroughhit.Andgiventhatshiftawayfromsoda,someanalyistswonderwhethere venthecatchiestnewadswillbeenoughtoputthefizzbackintoCoke.SAMEOLD,UPDATED？ThenewflavorsofPowerAdesportsdrinkwillprobablyenableCoketocontinueste alingmarketsharefromPepsiCo’sGatoradebrand.AndCokeisgettingalittlemorecreativewithpackaging,inclu dingnew,aluminumbottlesofCokethatwillbesoldinnightclubs,andan8.4-ounc e“100calorie”versionofitsflagshipCokethatwillappealtowomenwhowantfewercaloriesandw illlikethefactthatthesmallcanwillfitintheirpurse.Idoubtwhetherotherne wproductswillbesuccessful,includinganewcoffee-flavoredsodacalledCoke-ColaBlackthatItried.Thinkcarbonatedcoffee.ButI’mnotsureiftheproduct,whichCokeispitchingasanafternoonpick-me-upforthe 35-and-overset,isgoingtopullpeopleawayfromtheirafternoonFrappucinofix .AndmyopinionisthatVault,anorange-flavoredenergydrink,willhavejustasm uchtroubleunseatingMountainDewamongteensasdidCoke’slastattempt,aproductcalledSurge.IfthereisoneconcernIhaveaboutthefreshofferingsCokeplanstolaunchth isyear,itappearsthatmanyofthemaresimplynewbrands,notnewproducts.57.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat.A.CokemainlydependsonnewproductsrecentlyB.NowadaysCokeiscomparativelylesspopularC.PepsiCohastakentheplaceofCokeD.Cokehasfewnewbrands58.Theunderlinedword“soared”means.A.achievedB.droppedC.increasedD.failed59.Whenthemiddle-agedpeoplefeeltired,whatwouldtheyprefertodrinkinordertocontinuetheirwork?A.Vault.B.Surge.C.Coke-ColaBlake.D.Frappucino.60.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TroublesinCokeCompanyB.TheImportanceofNewAdvertisementsC.VarietiesofNewProductsD.TheRelationshipbetweenCokeandPepsi第二节补全对话。
【工作总结】高考语法复习总结：定语从句
高考语法复习总结：定语从句定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分，高考语法复习四：定语从句。
She is the girl who sings best of all.The comrade with whom I came knows French.3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when，why。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
I was the only person in our office who was invited.2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
高中英语语法个人复习总结：定语从句
高中英语语法个人复习总结：定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause(介词preposition、关系代词relative pronoun、关系副词relative adverb)定语从句: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、who(宾格whom、所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why引导；关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，它们在复合句中起连接主从句的作用。
一、关系词的选用1、当先行词是人时，用关系代词who、whom、that引导定语从句，如：The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday isfrom Canada.(作从句主语，不能省略)The person (who/whom/that) you just talked to is Mr. Green.(作从句宾语，可以省略)2、当先行词是物时，用关系代词which、that引导定语从句，如：They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water.(作从句主语，不能省略)The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh. (作从句宾语，可以省略)3、当从句主语与先行词（可以是人也可以是物）存在从属关系时，用关系代词whoseI know the boy whose article is very good.I live in a house whose windows face the south.4、当先行词是时间时，用关系副词when( = at that time)来引导I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.5、当先行词是地点时，用关系副词where( = at that place)来引导The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.6、当先行词为reason时,用关系副词why来引导，如：He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.7、先行词为地点、时间时，选用关系代词或关系副词，要看它在从句中作何种成分，如：This is the house where I lived(vi.不及物动词) last year.(在从句中作状语)This is the house which was built(vt.及物动词) last year.(在从句中作主语)Now it is autumn when we held a sports meet.(作状语)Now it is autumn which is the third season of the year.(which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)二、介词的提前如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面，也可以把它提到关系代词的前面，此时，先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whom,先行词为物时，介词后用关系代词which,即：介词 + 关系代词（是人时用whom,是物时用which）I know the man (who/whom/that) Jim is talking to.= I know the man to whom Jim is talking.This is the room (which/that) I used to live in.= This is the room in which I used to live.三、介词的确定“介词+ 关系代词（whom、which）”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.(speak to)The west lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is abeautiful place.(be famous for)2、根据先行词来确定介词I never forgot the days durig which we lived and workedtogether.(during the days)3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词Air,without which man can’t live,is really important.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：take care of、look for、look after等。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。
（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
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定语从句的简化规则
（一）改用“不定式”或“不定式短语”如果定语从句的时态与主句的时态具有同时性（包括谓语有情态动词）或之后性，则可以用“关系代词或关系副词＋不定式”来简化，或直接用“不定式”来修饰先行词。
要注意的是，此时的不定式一定要是及物动词，如果是不及物，则需要在动词后面加上相应的介词，使之成为及物动词短语。
这个结尾的介词可以提前到关系代词前面，也可以继续留在句尾。
前者是正式说法，后者是非正式说法。
We moved to the country so that the children would have a
garden in which they could play in.我们搬到了乡下，好让孩子们有个花园在里面玩。
改为：
We moved to the country so that the children would have a
garden in which to play.或者：
W e moved to the country so that the children would have a
garden to play in.
（二）改用“介词短语”介词短语替代定语从句有两种方式：（1）省略“关系副词＋主语＋be动词”，或“关系代词＋be动词”；（2）根据从句的意思改编。
We have never forgotten the days (when we were) at college.我们从来没有忘记在大学对书的日子。
I don’t know the person (who is) in your office.在你办公司的那个人我不认识。
He is not a person who likes to haggle over every ounce.改为：
He is a person above persona l interests. 他不是一个斤斤计较的人。
（三）改用“现在分词短语”和“过去分词短语”“现在分词短语”作后置定语
此项要明白三点：
（1）“现在分词短语”与前面的名词一定是主谓关系；
（2）它隐含的时态为与谓语动词同一阶段的时态。
例如：谓语是一般现在时或将来时，现在分词所隐含的是现在时、现在正在继续时；如果谓语动词为一般过去时或将来时，现在分词所隐含的时态为过去时、过去正在进行时；
（3）being＋-ed表示“正在进行时的被动语态”。
如果信息的中心在什么时候可以用现在分词呢？
当被修饰的名词为“不定代词”、“泛指意义的名词”或“专有名词”，可用现在分句短语作后置定语由于主语是泛指，句子的意思往往表达的是一条“道理”或一件“事实”，所以它们的隐含时为“一般现在时”，此时就可以用分词短语作后置定语。
为了看清分词所隐含的时态，配上定语。
为了大家看得明白，配上定语从句，把分词所替代的时间展示出来
Anyone touching that wire will get an electric stock. 任何人碰到那根电线就会触电。
＝Anyone who touches that wire will get an electric stock.
The only real and lasting solution is to convince people that driving is a skilled taskrequiring （＝which requires）constant care and concentration.唯一一个有效、持久的方法是说法人们相信，开车是一种技术活，需要不断的小心，思想不能开小差。
Charles and Sydney, looking （＝who look）so much like each other, are often considered to be twins.查尔斯和悉尼两个人的相貌非常相似，经常被人误解为双胞胎。
注：虽然被修饰的词是泛指意义的词，但是如果从句里的时态不是同步，则不可以用“现在分词”去作后置定语，只能用“定语从句”。
Do you know anybody who has lost a dog? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫？。