小学英语课程与教学论复习重点21页word

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【人教pep版】小学英语总复习:基础知识与重点难点分析详解(Word版,13页)

【人教pep版】小学英语总复习:基础知识与重点难点分析详解(Word版,13页)

第一部分:基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]双元音(8个)合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中双元音(3个)[iə][εə][uə]3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识1名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer /an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail /an address / an event / an example / an opera /an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport /an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus3代词、形容词、副词1).代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)2).形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。

01小学英语课程与教学论

01小学英语课程与教学论

教学观
小学特点——经验、心理、生理、语言… 语言特点——世界是翻译得以进行的中介。 教学行为特点
教学是在学校或教育机构中,师生以 语言交流为主来传授知识、技能、态度、 观念等思想的行为,是具有责任与义务 的一种语言交往活动。 开关
作业
阅读附录一 教育部关于积极推进小学开设英 语课程的指导意见;讨论可能遇到的意义问题。 预习第二章,提出有思考的问题。 借小学英语教材。
小学阶段英语课程的任务
落实“教育要面向现代化,面向世界,面向未 来”的战略指导思想。 培养新世纪公民和现代人的英语语言素质。 使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、 写技能,形成一定的综合语言运用能力 能力。 能力 保护学生学习英语的兴趣 兴趣,培养良好的学习习 兴趣 习 惯,形成有效的学习策略。
语言观
语言刻画世界;语言简化思维;语言塑造民族。 语言记录阅历,语言面试添彩。 语言是发展手段,经由语言改变大脑、显化思维、 检测学业。 语言是人类独有的交际工具。 语言是一种符号系统(音段和字符)。 语言是人类的思维工具和文化载体。 语言是一种有声音、有形象的可感物质。体的经验。 学龄前儿童基本构建了相对完整的“音段-经验”对 应库。 从学龄儿童开始,个体进入学习共同体学习并试图建 建 立全新的“音段-字符”对应库。 每经历一个认识过程,如实践、阅读、交流等,都使 个体“音段-经验-术语”对应关系有所增加。 实践使认识缓慢膨胀;文字使认识高速膨胀。 “经验”的积累、大脑的改变是隐性的,但“音段” 和“术语”的增多是显性的。
小学英语课程与教学论
金学军 2011.2 井冈山大学教育学院
第一章 绪论
第一节 小学英语教学的意义及目的 第二节 研究和学习小学英语教学法的 意义及方法 第三节 小学英语教学法中的相关观念

英语教学法复习提纲.doc

英语教学法复习提纲.doc

小学英语教学法复习提纲1.小学生学习外语的特点:(1)模仿力强、记忆力好、勇于开口;(2)活泼好动,想像力丰富,富于创造力,喜欢新事物,乐于参加活动;(3)喜欢动身、动手、动脑做事情;(4)喜欢容易达到的学习FI标;(5)精力集屮时间比较短;(6)注意力较易分散,自我管理能力不强(7)理解复杂的语言指令还有一定的困难;(8)学习的目的性不如成人那样强,快乐时冰会学习;(9).语言规则分析能力较差2.小学英语教学的主要任务:通过听、说、看、玩、唱等一系列的教学活动,对学生进行听说读写的基本训练,激发学生学英语的兴趣和动机,培养良好的学习4惯,使学生获得一些英语的感性知识,打下较好的语音基础,学习一定量的词汇,接触一定量的口常交际用语,从而具有以听说能力为主的初步交际能力,同时在英语学习过程中受到良好的思想品徳教育,个性得到健康和谐的发展。

第二章1.英语课程改革的重点是什么?(P6)改变课程过分注重知识传授的倾向,强调形成积极主动的学习态度,使获得棊础知识和棊本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。

2.基础教育阶段英语课程的任务和总体目标是什么?(P7)任务:(1)激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,树立自信心,养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略,发展自主学习的能力和合作精神。

(2)使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听说读写技能,形成综合语言运用能力。

(3)培养学生观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神。

(4)帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化差异,拓展视野,培养爱国主义精神,形成健康的人生观,为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。

总体目标:培养学生的综合语言运用能力。

3.综合语言能力的形成建立在什么基础上?(P8)语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识4.《课标》的分级方式和设计依据(P8)采用国际通用的分级方式,将英语课程目标按照能力水平设为九个等级。

设计依据:遵循语言学习的规律和不同年龄的学生心理、生理发展的需求和特点,也考虑到我国民族众多、地域辽阔,经济、教育发展不平衡的实际,旨在体现我国英语课程标准的整体性、开放性、灵活性。

小学英语教学法复习资料

小学英语教学法复习资料

小学英语教学法一、小学生学习特点1、小学生心理特点:小学生思维特点﹑小学生注意特点﹑小学生学习动机的特点﹑小学生意志特点。

2、影响小学生学习的其他因素:年龄﹑智力﹑语言学能力﹑学习策略﹑多元智能。

3、小学生和成人学习英语的差异.小学生心理特点:1.1小学生思维特点小学生思维发展的基本特点是从以具体形象思维为主要形式,逐步过渡到以抽象逻辑思维为主要形式。

但是,这种抽象逻辑思维在很大程度上仍然是直接与感性经验相联系的,仍然具有很大成分的具体形象性。

通过小学阶段的学习,小学生逐渐具备了人类思维的整体结构,但这个思维结构还有待进一步完善和发展。

从小学阶段起,儿童逐渐开始具有思维的目的性,表现出完整的思维过程,有较丰富的思维材料和思维结果,表现出个体思维品质发展的显著差异性,儿童思维的自我监控或自我调节的能力也在日益加强。

1.2小学生注意特点小学生注意的一般特点,主要是指小学生有意注意和无意注意的发展。

主要体现在:1从无意注意占优势,逐渐发展到有意注意占主导地位。

低年级学生刚离开幼儿园不久,还不完全适应学校的学习生活,无意注意仍起重要作用。

随着年龄的增长,四五年级小学生的有意注意基本上占主导地位,他们逐步理解自己的学习责任和社会义务,逐步理解在集体生活中自己与同学及老师的关系,从而使有意注意由“被迫”状态提高到自觉状态。

2小学生的注意有明显的情绪色彩。

小学生由于大脑与神经系统活动的内抑制能力没有充分发展,一个兴奋中心的形成往往波及其他相应器官的活动,面部表情、手脚乃至全身都会配合活动,所以注意表现出明显的情绪色彩。

1.3小学生学习动机的特点学习活动行为一般是由学习动机引起的。

小学生的学习动机是有一个发展过程的。

一般地说,它的趋势是从比较短近的、狭隘的学习动机逐步向比较自觉的、远大的学习动机发展;从具体的学习动机逐步向富有原则性的、比较抽象的学习动机发展;从不稳定的学习动机逐步向比较稳定的学习动机发展。

这个过程,反映了小学生学习行为的动机及其整个学习活动的水平。

课程与教学论知识点总结-期末复习(word文档物超所值)

课程与教学论知识点总结-期末复习(word文档物超所值)

1: language and language teachingWhat is language?nguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humancommunication.2.The answer to this question is the basis for syllabus design, teachingmethods, teaching and assessment procedures in the classroom.3.Different views on language generate different teaching methodologies. Common Views on language1.Structural view (language competence)—The founder: Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems (Larsen-Freeman & Long, 1991): phonology, morphology, and syntax.—The target of language learning is seen to be the mastery of elements of this system, which are generally defined in terms of phonological units(e.g., phonemes),grammatical units (e.g., clauses, phrases, sentences),grammatical operations (e.g., adding, shifting, joining, or transforming elements), and lexical items (e.g., function words and structure words).—Learning the language is to learn the structural items, study the inner structure and rule of language, ignore the social functions of the language.2.Functional view—Representative: Johnson, Marrow, swain canal (the core: grammar)—It views language as a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning, a means of doing things/ combining grammatical rules and vocabulary to express idea.3.Interactional view (communicative competence)—Emphasis: appropriateness—It views language as a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations and for the performance of social transactions between individuals.—Language is seen as a communicative tool for the creation and maintenance of social relations.—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain contexts What makes a good language teacher?1. A good language teacher does not solely depend on his/her command of thelanguage. There are a variety of element that contributes to the qualities of a good language teacher. These elements can be categorized into three groups: ethic devotion, professional quality and personal styles.How can one become a good language teacher?Wallace’s (1991) ‘reflective model’1.Stage 1: language development2.Stage 2: learning, practice, reflection1)The learning stage is the purposeful preparation that a language normallyreceives before the practice. This preparation can include:Learning from others’ experienceLearning the received knowledgeLearning from one’s own experiences2)The practice stage (2 senses)Pseudo practice: short period of time assigned to do teaching practice as part of one’s pre-service education, usually under the supervision of instructorsThe real classroom teaching:what a teacher undertakes after he/she finishes formal education3)Teachers benefit from practice if they keep on reflecting on what they havebeen doing3.Goal: professional competence2: theory of language learning and language learners1.Fluency1)Different levels of fluency:[1]time-filling[2]quality of speech[3]appropriacy of speech[4]aesthetic capability2)In terms of second or foreign language environment, fluency means a level ofproficiency in communication (Richards, 1992).3)Four kinds of abilities:[1]the ability to produce spoken language with ease;[2]the ability to speak with a good but not necessarily perfect command ofintonation, vocabulary, and grammar;[3]the ability to communicate ideas effectively;[4]the ability to produce continuous speech without causingcomprehensible difficulties or a breakdown in communication.2.Accuracy1)Accuracy refers to the ability to produce grammatically correct sentencesbut may not include the ability to speak or write fluently.3.Interaction1)Interaction pushes learners to produce more accurate and appropriatelanguage, which itself provides input for other students. (Hedge, 2002)2)Forms of Interaction[1]Teacher—Students[2]Students—StudentsPair workGroup work3)Advantages of group work and pair work:[1]Students are more involved.[2]More language practices[3]Generating interactive language.[4]Offering an embracing affective climate.[5]Developing co-operative learning[6]Promoting learner responsibility and autonomy.4)Problems of group work and pair work[1]The teacher is no longer in control of the class.[2]The class is noisy.[3]Students will use their native language.[4]Students' errors will be reinforced in small groups.[5]Teacher cannot monitor all groups at once.[6]Some learners prefer to work alone.[7]There are dominant or silent speakers (chauffeurs and hitchhikers).[8]Students talk about other things.[9]No time to practice fully or finish the task.5)Typical group work tasks[1]Games[2]Role-play and simulations[3]Drama[4]Projects[5]Interview[6]Brainstorming [7]Information gap[8]Jigsaw[9]Problem-solving anddecision-making[10]Opinion exchange6)Before the start of group work/pair work tasks[1]Introduce the technique[2]Justify the use of pairs or small groups for the technique[3]Model the technique[4]Give explicit, detailed instructionsa restatement of the purposerules to followstay with your groupshare ideas and informationlisten to other people's ideashelp each otherEnglish onlyestablish a time frameassign roles (if any) to students[5]Divide the class into groups[6]Check for clarification[7]Set the task in motionDo not sit at your desk and grade papers.Do not leave the room and take a break.Do not spend undue amount of time with one group at the expense of others.Do not correct students' errors unless asked to do so.Do not assume a dominating or disruptive role while monitoring groups.reportingdemonstratingworking on points which needs improving4.Learning and communication strategies1)Learning strategies are steps taken by students to enhance their ownlearning. Appropriate language learning strategies result in improved proficiency and greater self-confidence. --Oxford, 19902)Learning strategies (O’Malley et al, 1983)[1]Metacognitive strategiesMetacognitive strategies are used to oversee, regulate or self-direct language learning, which include how learners regulate theirlearning by planning, monitoring and evaluating their learningactivities. --Rubin, 1987advance organizer directed attention selective attention self-managementadvance preparation self-monitoringdelayed production self-evaluationself-reinforcement[2]Cognitive strategiesCognitive strategies refer to the steps or operations used in learning or problem-solving that require direct analysis, transformation, or synthesis of learning materials. --O’Malley et al, 1983repetition grouping note-taking deduction auditory key wordcontextualization elaborationtransferinferencing[3]Social mediation strategiesSocial mediation strategies/Communication strategies are those activities learners engage in which afford them opportunities to beexposed to and practice their knowledge.cooperation question for clarification 3)Compensatory strategies[1]enable learners to use the new language for either comprehension orproduction despite limitations in knowledge.[2]Compensatory strategies are intended to make up for an inadequaterepertoire of grammar and, especially, of vocabulary.[3]Knowledge sources for comprehension(1) Knowledge needed⏹Schematic knowledge: Schematic knowledge or schemas(schemata) refers to one’s general knowledge about the worldand about text types, which are cognitive constructs for theorganization of information in our long-term memory.background knowledge: actual, socioculturalprocedural knowledge: how knowledge is used in discourse⏹Contextual knowledgeknowledge of situation: physical setting, participants, etc.knowledge of co-text: what has been, will be said⏹Systemic knowledge: syntactic, semantic, morphological(2) Roles of the knowledge⏹allowing for effective guess (system knowledge)⏹building meanings by drawing on a wider range of sources(including semantic and contextual knowledge. Soundrecognition is not enough.)⏹making effective inference (previous knowledge)⏹Cutting down the range of possible meanings (situationalcontext)⏹meaning understanding is required bottom-up and top-downprocessesprehensible output1)Output can serve a consciousness-raising function by helping learners tonotice gaps in their interlanguages.2)Output helps learners to test hypotheses.3)Learners sometimes talk about their own output, identifying problemswith it and discussing ways in which they can be put right.6.Enlightenment1)Teachers should encourage students to test hypotheses and to notice gapsin interactive processes.2)Students are supposed to learn English by using English and interactingwith others.3. communicative principles and task-based language teaching1.CLT(交际英语教学):1)Definition: Communicative Language Teaching is an approach that focuseson linguistic functions and on training communicative competence of the learners. It includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.2)The basis: the theory of sociology and sociolinguistic.3)Communicative Competence: Four aspects included (Hymes, 1979):[1]knowing whether or not something is formally possible (grammaticallyacceptable), which is roughly equivalent to Chomsky's linguistic competence.[2]knowing whether something is understandable to human beings.[3]knowing whether something is in line with social norms;[4]knowing whether or not something is in fact done: Do people actually uselanguage this way?4)Features of Communicative Language Teaching[1]It stresses the need to allow students opportunities for authentic andcreative use of the language.[2]It focuses on meaning rather than form.[3]It suggests that learning should be relevant to the needs of the students.[4]It advocates task-based language teaching. Students should be given tasksto perform or problems to solve in the classroom.5)Principles[1]Communication principle[2]Task principle[3]Meaningfulness principle6)Criteria for evaluating communicative activities[1]Communicative purpose[2]Communicative desire[3]Content, not form[4]Variety of language[5]No teacher intervention[6]No material controls7)Merits of CLT:[1]likely to give the students all skills[2]More relevant[3]Less waste of time and effort8)Demerit of CLT:[1]make great demands upon the professional training and skills of theteacher[2]Difficult to cheek what student have learnt[3]Don't offer the teacher the security of the textbook9)Traditional class VS CLT[1]Listening: to the teacher, to the tape →sth. unpredictable, sth. authentic,sth. meaningful[2]Reading: learning language →get information, exact meaning, differentskills[3]Speaking: repeating, answering, retelling →sth. creating, express oneself[4]Writing: composition, translation →write to express oneself, one’s feeling,one’s thought; write what people write in the way people write.10)Linguistic Competence: tacit knowledge of language structures and theability to use the knowledge to understand and produce language. (Chomsky) 11)Communicative Competence: Both knowledge about the language and theknowledge about how to use the language in communicative situationappropriately.2.Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT)1)TBLT vs. CLT[1]TBLT is, in fact, a further development of CLT.[2]It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close aspossible to how it is used in real life.[3]However, it has stressed the importance to combine form-focusedteaching with communication-focused teaching.2)model[1]Pre-task[2]Task cycleTask: do the taskPlanning: prepare to report/rehearseReportHearing task recording or read text[3]Language focusAnalysisPractice3)What is a task?[1]A task is essentially goal-oriented; it requires the group, or pair, to achievean objective that is usually expressed by an observable result, such as brief note or lists, rearrangement of jumbled items, a drawing, a spoken summary.[2]This result should be attainable only by interaction between participants:so, within the definition of the task you often find instructions such as ‘reach a consensus’, or ‘find out everyone’s opinions’.[3]Four Components of a Task: purpose, context, process, product[4]Differences among Exercises, Exercise-tasks and Tasks:Tasks are the activities which let students focus on the complete act of communication.Exercises are the activities which let students focus their attention on the individual aspects of language, such as vocabulary, grammar orindividual skills.Exercise-tasks are the activities which helps the students to master the individual aspects of language by using them in certain kinds ofcontexts.[5]The Principles in Designing Tasks:authenticity principleform-function principletask dependency principleleaning by doingscaffolding[6]steps in designing tasks:Think about students' needs, interests, and abilitiesBrainstorm possible tasksEvaluate the listChoose the language itemsPrepare materials[7]Types of Taskslistingordering and sortingcomparingproblem solvingsharing personal experiencecreative tasksjigsaw tasksdecision-making tasksopinion exchange tasks3.PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production)1)Differences between PPP and TBLT[1]The way students use and experience language in TBLT is radicallydifferent from PPP.Free of language controlA genuine need to use language to communicateA free exchange of ideasAppropriateness & accuracy of language form in general, not production of a single formA genuine need for accuracy and fluency[2]TBLT can provide a context for grammar teaching and form-focusedactivities. PPP is different in this aspect.A task-established contextEncouraged to think, analyze, not simply to repeat, manipulate and applyA more varied exposure to natural languageLanguage forms not pre-selected for focusLearner-free selection of languageTBLT cycle lead from Fluency to accuracy (+fluency)In TBLT Integrated skills practiced4.Total Physical Response1)Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed byJames Asher who advocates the coordination of speech and action.2)Language is taught through physical (motor) activity.3)Features:[1]TPR reveals structuralist or grammar-based views of language.According to Asher, the verb, especially the verb in the imperative, asthe central linguistic motif around which language use and learning areorganized.[2]The language learning theory in TPR is behaviorism. Learning iseffective and meaningful through stimulus-response action.[3]The objective of a TPR course is to develop learners’ communicativeability through the use of action-based drills in the imperative form.[4]TPR syllabus is a sentence-based one with teaching items of grammarand vocabulary. However, the focus is not on the structure, but onmeaning in a way that grammar points and vocabulary items areselected according to situations in which they are used.[5]The learning and teaching activities in TPR are imperative drills such asorders, commands or instructions, which are used to elicit physicalactions and activity on the learner.[6]TPR learners are listeners and performers. They are required torespond and monitor and evaluate their own progress.[7]The teacher in TPR is active, directing the classroom interaction andturn taking to make sure everything goes well.4)Merits[1]Physical activity helps retain the language.[2]Learning is made a matter of effortless process.[3]It gives due attention to right-brained learning, which is supposed toprecede left-brain language processing.[4]It facilitates students to communicate uninhibitedly.5)Demerits[1]It may not appeal to learners as they advance in their competence.[2]A lot of complex language structures cannot be effectively incorporatedinto the imperative.[3]Learners’ needs for unrehearsed language cannot be met by suchdramatic nature of language learning.[4]It does not have basic textbooks, which may be difficult for bothteachers and learners.4. The English curriculum and coursebooks1.Curriculum: Curriculum refers to the programme of studies of an educationalinstitution. It refers to the substance of what is taught in a given subject: (a) defining objectives, (b) determining content, (c) indicating some sort of sequence or progression.2.Syllabus: A syllabus provides a focus for what should be studied, along with arational for how the content should be selected and ordered.1)Characteristics of a Syllabus:[1]consists of a comprehensive list of content items (words, structures,topics) and process items (tasks, methods)[2]is ordered (easier, more essential items first)[3]has explicit objectives (usually expressed in the introduction)[4]is a public document[5]may indicate a time schedule[6]may indicate a preferred methodology or approach[7]may recommend materials3.coursebook:1)definition: A coursebook is a textbook of which the teacher and, usually,each student has a copy, and which is in principle to be followed systematically as the basis for a language course. Coursebooks are best seen as a resource in achieving aims and objectives that have already been set in terms of learner needs.2)Role of coursebooks:[1]Coursebooks should not determine the aims themselves or becomeaims.[2]The role of the coursebook is to be at the service of teachers andlearners but not to be their master.[3]The aims of the coursebook should correspond as closely as possible tothe aims of the teacher, and both should seek to meet the needs of thelearners to the highest degree.3)英语教学材料包括教科书以及教师用书、练习册、活动手册、读物、音视频材料、挂图、卡片、教学实物、软件等。

(精编)【人教pep版】小学英语总复习:基础知识与重点难点分析详解(Word版,13页)

(精编)【人教pep版】小学英语总复习:基础知识与重点难点分析详解(Word版,13页)

第一部分:基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]双元音(8个)合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中双元音(3个)[iə][εə][uə]3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识1名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer /an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail /an address / an event / an example / an opera /an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport /an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus3代词、形容词、副词1).代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)2).形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。

《小学英语课程与教学论》教学大纲

《小学英语课程与教学论》教学大纲

《小学英语课程与教学论》教学大纲一、课程基本信息中文名称:小学英语课程与教学论英文名称:Curriculum and Instruction of Primary English课程编码:14110C课程类型:专业课总学时:48(理论学时:24;实践学时:24)总学分:3适用专业:小学教育专业先修课程:教育学;心理学;教育心理学;课程与教学论;大学英语开课系部:教育与心理科学系二、本课程的性质和任务小学英语课程与教学论是教育与心理科学系小学教育专业主干课程之一,是实践性很强的一门学科,在本专业的课程体系中占有重要地位。

本课程的授课对象是小学教育专业三年级的学生。

这些学生在基础阶段已掌握英语语音、语法知识,具有一定的词汇量并在听、说、读、写方面受过一定程度的训练,达到或接近大学英语四-六级水平的要求。

该课程的目标是培养具有理念新、能力强、教学基本功扎实的科研型小学英语教师。

通过本课程的学习,让学生了解外语教学的普遍规律以及这些规律在英语教学中的具体应用;帮助学生熟悉国内外各种外语教学流派的基本教学指导思想和原则,以及教学过程;培养学生学会分析英语课堂教学和根据不同情况采用不同教学方法的能力。

学生应能运用本课程所学的理论知识和掌握的教学技能开展小学英语教学实践,包括能根据教学要求制定明确的教学目标、灵活使用教材、采用合适的教学方法、设计多样化的教学活动、运用现代化教学手段、重/难点讲授清晰等,为教育实习和走上小学英语教师岗位打下坚实的基础。

三、课程教学的基本要求(一)理论教学基本要求“小学英语课程与教学论”是一门实践性很强的课程,教学中要求以培养学生的教学实际能力为主,但也不忽视对英语教学相关理论和方法的学习和理解。

通过本课程的学习,一方面引发学生对小学外语教育的意义、价值、目的、特点和方法等问题的理论思考,另一方面,通过大量的教学技能和技巧的培训,培养学生的实际从教能力和语言运用水平,力求使小学英语教师的专业化教育做到起点高、专业性强,既重理论,也重实践,着眼于小学英语教师的终身学习和可持续发展能力的培养。

小学英语课程与教学理论知识

小学英语课程与教学理论知识

小学英语课程与教学理论知识篇一:小学英语课程教学论整理版判断1.()小学英语课程是面向全体学生的课程,着眼于全人的教育2.()全人教育应该由六个方面组成,即学问、道德、艺术、宗教、建筑和生活。

3.()“从对话中选出重要词汇和语法进行练习”这种课堂教学实践体现了功能语言观。

4.()“通过听和模仿,形成正确的语言习惯” 这种课堂教学实践体现了互动语言观。

5.()第一语言也可称为母语。

6.()狭义的第二语言指除母语之外,在官方,商业及社会中广泛应用的语言。

7.()习得(acquisition)又叫获得,是儿童在自然的语言环境中,不经过正式的教授而自然地,下意识地获得语言的过程。

8.()学习(learning)是指儿童在非正式的语言环境下有意识地、系统地、正规地学习语言的过程。

9.()克拉申认为成人通过两种不同而又独立的途径学会外语。

10.()克拉申语言习得理论认为语言学习者应获得略高于其现有语言水平的第二语言输入。

11.()斯金纳基于动物行为反应的理论提出行为主义语言学习理论。

12.()行为主义认为语言是一种人类行为,而不是一种思维现象。

13.()刺激——反应理论是认知主义学习理论的基础。

14.()根据行为主义理论的观点,儿童的语言环境对其母语习得起决定性的作用。

15.()语言行为既受语言环境的影响,也受说话人自身心理因素的影响。

16.()中介语是指第二语言学习者建构起来的介于母语和目的语之间的过渡性语言。

17.()隐性知识是以书面文字、图表和数学公式加以表述的知识。

18.()中介语的三个特征是可渗透性、可变性和系统性。

19.()僵化现象是指某些非目的语的语法、语音等长期存在于中介语中,并且不易改变的现象。

20.()小学生思维特点以抽象思维为主。

21.()在小学英语教学中,教师以培养小学生兴趣为主。

22.()为了延长小学生注意时间,小学英语教师应采用单一的教学方式。

23.()为了充分发挥小学生善于模仿的特点,小学英语教师要重视读写作用。

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第一章小学英语教育的内涵:指向学生的发展。

小学英语教育的具体内容:1、为学生的终身发展打基础。

(基础性)2、为学生的知识获取、技能学习、素质培养等打基础,具有未来性。

3、促进学生的全面发展。

(全面性)4、面向全体学生。

(全体性)5、是一门必修课,具有强制性。

(强制性)小学英语教育的性质:既有英语教育学的性质,又有小学教育学的性质;既是小学阶段的英语教育学,又是英语学科的教育学。

1、是小学教育学与学科教育学的分支学科;2、是语言教育学的分支学科;3、是培养小学生英语基础知识与能力的学科;4、是以小学英语教育学理论与实践经验为指导的学科;5、是为小学英语教学提供教与学理论的重要来源;6、是为小学英语教学改革与发展提供理论依据与实践方法的学科。

小学英语课程的内容:两级内容一级内容1、总体目标:听、说、玩、读、演2、具体内容:对英语的兴趣和好奇心、口头表达能力3、内容分析:理解简单的活动指令、参与简单的角色扮演、唱简单的歌曲歌谣、听/读懂简单故事、正确书写单词字母、视听接触语音。

二级内容1、总体目标:语言技能、语音知识2、具体内容:语言技能(听、说、读、写、玩演视听);语音知识(语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题、情感态度、基础学习策略、文化意识)3、内容分析:有持续的兴趣和爱好英语课程设置的原则:整体性、多元性、灵活性实践要求:师范生应该能够较全面的理解具体内容与要求,并能够比较熟练地示范,如听录音后声情并茂地模仿,唱歌,说歌谣。

总之,要求学生做到的,老师必须要先做到。

中国英语教学存在的问题:问题一:费时多,收效微。

问题二:教师工作量太大,顾此失彼。

问题三:学生怕苦,兴趣不持久。

问题四:交际练习没有信息差,交际活动在不真实的语境中进行,学生在现实生活中不会运用。

问题五:家长水平有限,课后无法辅导。

问题六:教材难度大,学生消化不良。

问题七:教师英语素质不理想。

问题八:考评标准不标准,适用范围小。

问题九:缺乏真实环境语言环境,学而不用。

解决英语教学问题的途径:1、重新确立英语教学目标,改革评价体系;2、改革教学方法,实行适合学生理解水平的双语教学模式;3、引进和编写适合的语音教材和专业教材;4、推行新的教师培养模式;5、采用高科技的教学手段进行英语教学。

小学英语语言知识的基础内容:1、语音知识:音素读音、拼读、发音规则(字母及字母组合的读音)、重读、连读、音变、失爆、停顿、节奏、音节及音节的划分、语调、语流等;2、词汇知识:音、形(名词、动词、形容词、副词的变化)、义(基本含义和含意、用法)、形为其基本要素;构词法(词根、词缀、派生、合成等)为拓展性知识。

3、语法知识:语态、时态、基本句型、句子成分、主谓一致等。

英语语言的基本技能:1、初级技能:听、说、读;2、高级技能:写、译;3、必备技能:成分分析、句型运用。

第二章小学英语教育的内容:英语语音的基础内容;英语语音的基本技能;培养学生的基础素质。

课程改革的具体目标:(情感态度、学习策略、文化意识)1、形成积极主动的学习态度;2、设计综合课程,体现课程结构的均衡性、综合性和选择性;3、加强课程内容与学生生活以及现代社会科技发展的联系;4、倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手,培养学生收集和处理信息的能力、获取知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力;5、改变课程评价标准,发挥评价促进学生发展、教师提高和改进教学实践的功能6、实行国家、地方、学校三级管理课程。

教学目标新增内容:1、情感态度:关注学生的全面发展,既强调学生的智力发展,也强调非智力发展;2、学习策略:学生的终身发展和可持续发展;3、文化意识:学生文化素养的提高。

英语课程改革的基本理念:1、强调关注每个学生的情感,提高人文素养;2、整体设计目标,保证国家英语课程标准的整体性、灵活性和开放性;3、突出学生主体,尊重个体差异;4、倡导任务型教学模式;5、注重过程性评价,建立由形成性评价和终结性评价构成的评价体系;6、开发课程资源,丰富课程资源。

英语课程的性质:把外语作为基础教育阶段的必修课程,把英语作为我国中小学外语课程中的主要语种。

英语课程的学习,既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动,逐步掌握英语知识技能,提高语言实际运用能力的过程,又是他们磨砺意志、陶冶情操、丰富生活经历、开发思维能力、发展个性和提高人文素质的过程。

英语课程的任务:1、激发和培养学生的学习兴趣;使学生树立信心,养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略;2、发展自主学习的能力和合作精神,形成综合语言运用能力;3、培养观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神;了解世界和中西文化的差异,培养爱国主义精神。

英语课程的基本理念:1、树立以学生为主体的指导思想;2、强调培养创新精神;3、提倡学生体验参与,促进学习方式的转变;4、确立英语课程的开放性体系。

讨论:“这人真有文化!”意味着什么?1、表层文化(物质文化)看得见摸得着能感受,如饮食、服饰、工具、音乐等;2、中层文化(制度文化)人际关系中的礼仪风俗、行为准则等;(greeting kiss; lady first)3、深层文化(观念文化)人的价值观、思维方式、审美情趣等(“这断子绝孙的阿Q!”)课程资源:是指形成课程的要素来源与必要而直接的实施条件。

新课程标准下的教师角色:1、教师由知识课程体系的传递者转变成教学意义的对话者2、教科书的被动使用者转变成新课程的塑造者3、传统的书匠向新型转变(组织者、指挥者、帮助者、提供者、管理者、评价者)第四章学生的学习方式:接受学习(内容以定论的形式直接呈现出来,学生进行学习的心理机制或途径是同化的)和发现学习(注重学生对知识的积极构建,是一种主动的、发现的、合作的学习方式)传统的学习方式:“三个中心一个基本点”1、教师中心、课堂中心、课本中心2、接受知识现代学习方式:以弘扬人的主体性为宗旨,以促进人的可持续性发展为目的,由许多具体方式构成的多维度、具有不同层次结构的开放系统。

现代学习方式的特征:1、主动性(首要特征、兴趣)2、独立性(核心特征)3、独特性(学生独特的个性)4、体验性(体验是指由身体性活动与直接经验而产生的感情和意识)5、问题性(强调通过问题来进行学习,通过学习生成问题)新型的学习方式:自主、合作、探究1、自主学习:指一种主动的、构建性的合作过程,是学生为自己确定学习目标、制定学习计划和安排,并对自己的实际学习活动进行监察、评价、反馈、调节和控制的过程。

特征:①学生有多重学习目标可以选择;②学生给自己设置有挑战性的目标,然后最大限度发挥自己的学习潜能;③学生知道知道如何使用课堂中的学习资源,自主地调控自己的学习;④能很好与他人进行合作学习,讨论学习策略;⑤学生重视意义构建,喜欢发表自己见解;⑥学生具有较高的学习信心和自我责任感;⑦学生自己管理学习进程、评价学习表现。

2、合作学习:学生在小组或团队中为了完成共同任务,有明确责任分工的互助性学习。

特征:既是一种教学方法,又是一种学习方式。

强调教学过程多边互动,要求关注师生互动、学生的交流互动,注重学生间的相互启发、相互帮助。

五要素:积极互赖、面对面的促进性互动、个体和小组的责任、人际和小组技能(社交合作)、小组自加工。

3、探究性学习:学生在老师指导下,在学习和社会生活中自主地发现问题、探究问题,获得结论的过程。

特征:是一种学习方式,也是一种课程形态。

①问题性②实践性③开放性④主体性⑤过程性。

自主、合作和探究之间的关系:1、以自主学习为途径,引导学生获取语言知识;2、以合作学习为手段,促进生命潜能的开发;3、以探究学习为目的,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。

对照自主学习的特征,你具备了哪些方面的特征?从中你看出什么?我的理解:1、从自主学习的定义看,这其实就是自我管理在学习方面的具体表现,而自我管理则是个人综合素质的重要组成部分。

2、大学生最需要改进的就是自我管理方面的缺陷:没有节制的时间浪费。

强调学习方式的转变原因:1、新课程非常强调以创新精神和实践能力的培养为核心,而传统的学习方式远远不能满足这一需要;2、学习方式的转变对新课程培养目标的具体落实又具有十分重要的、甚至是关键的意义。

学习方式改变的意义:①有利于课程规范式转变落到实处;②有助于教学观及其模式的转变。

第五章教学设计的基本概念:是课程实施中的一个决策的过程,教师要回答“为什么教”、“教什么”、“怎么教”、“教得怎么样”等问题,对教学做出整体安排,是课程开发的进一步发展和延续。

小学英语教学设计基本概念:小学英语教育工作者运用系统的方法,在对小学英语教学系统中的各种要素进行科学分析的基础上,整合各种课程资源,运用现代学习心理学及教育心理学理论,设计规划教学程序、教学内容的呈现方式及教学效果的评价标准的过程。

现代教学设计:是一个分析教学问题,设计解决方法、对解决方案进行试行、评价试行结果、并在评价基础上修改方法的过程。

又称系统教学设计。

小学英语教学设计的特点:是教学科学、教学艺术和教学技术的综合。

①是一个构思、策划并制定教学活动方案的总过程;②是由目标设计、内容方法设计、评价监控设计所构成的一个有机整体;③教学设计目标是通过教学活动的规划和组织,使教学活动的诸要素得到有序的、优化的安排,从而提高小学生获得语言知识和技能的兴趣,达到理想的教学效果;④具有很强的针对性,强调教学对象——小学生的各方面特点的了解和分析,强调以小学生现有的发展水平来设计教学活动。

⑤具有方案定制的机动性。

小学英语教学设计的意义:1、促进教学理论与实践的有机结合;2、促进教师技能的快速提高;3、创造了理想的学习条件,提高教学质量和效果。

小学英语教学设计的理论依据:1、教学系统分析:系统论——教学系统是由教和学的两个子系统构成。

2、学习理论:重要理论基础。

行为主义理论(刺激—反应,个体对外部刺激的反应)、认知理论(客观事物之间的关系)、建构主义理论(对新信息意义的建构形成;对原有经验的改造和重组。

强调以学生为中心;强调“情景”、“协作学习”;学习环境、利用各种信息资源、学习过程的最后总意义是完成意义建构)3、教学理论:加涅(根据教学目标来安排教学工作;学习结果:①语言知识学习②智慧技能学习③认知策略学习④动作技能学习⑤态度学习)皮亚杰(突出学习者地位;注重学习者积极参与、注重过程、注重内心体验、注重情感)4、现代信息技术:信息化——数字化学习(以学生、问题或主题为中心;学习具有创新性和再生性;不受时空控制)信息技术——获取知识、创设情境、交际讨论、知识构建和学习反馈的工具。

设计过程1、前期准备:①教学背景分析(硬环境—教学媒体设施、班级设置;软环境—教学理念、风格、学习氛围、教学评价)②教学任务分析(选择内容、刺激积极性、教师能动性)③学习者分析(了解学生学习状态、学习风格、态度和情感)2、实际操作:①方案定制的原则:把握好指导教学设计的教学新理念;教学活动共的预期效果;教学进程的各个环节。

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