景观设计类外文文献分析图文
园林景观外文文献翻译演示教学
景观设计风格和园林价值保护之间的关系：德国魏玛历史公园的案例研究Martin Kümmerling, Norbert Müller景观管理与生态恢复部门以及URBIO总公司，德国埃尔福特应用技术大学关键词：生物多样性；历史公园；园艺；城市公园；植被；摘要：城市公园可以通过被引入植物的种植成为入侵源。
另一方面，城市公园作为生物多样性的热点地区，可以支持保护濒危和罕见的分类单元。
即使历史城市公园首先被评估为遗产，但它们依然为生态系统和积极的审美以及社会价值服务。
虽然在欧洲有许多研究是关于设计的，公园的哲学和历史背景就像生物多样性的研究一样，几乎没有研究提出景观设计原则如何影响了公园的生物保护价值。
因为在欧洲，公园的景观风格是一个最具影响力的历史景观设计风格，我们将我们的研究集中在德国魏玛的“伊尔姆河畔公园”。
它创建于18世纪晚期，并且在1998年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的一部分。
我们的研究问题是:1. 哪些设计原则、植物原料和技术实施被使用在创建和管理公园的过程中？2. 对于公园的生物保护尤其是濒危植物物种和栖息地的保护来说，当前什么才是具有价值的？3. 设计原则和现代公园的价值之间是什么关系？我们将我们的结果与类似的公园景观做一对比，并对未来可持续的公园设计和公园恢复管理给出建议。
1.引言园艺是植物物种入侵的一个主要来源（Dehnen-Schmutz, Touza,Perrings, & Williamson, 2007; Mack & Erneberg, 2002; Reichard & White, 2001）。
城市公园可以被入侵源通过种植引入分类单元而入侵（Saumel Kowarik,& Butenschon,2010）。
另一方面，在城市地区公园可以作为生物多样性的热点地区（Cornelis & Hermy,2004），可以支持保护濒临灭绝的稀有类群（Kowarik, 1998; Kunick, 1978; Li, Ouyang, Meng, & Wang, 2006; Reidl, 1989）。
外文文献翻译景观设计
景观设计•介绍:住宅绿色绿色就是城市得重要组成部分,最接近居民,与居民日常生活最密切相关得,它提高生活质量得环境,提高居民得身心健康至关重要。
绿色住宅面积水平,体现城市现代化得一个重要标志。
小区在城市绿地系统中分布最广,就是普遍绿化得重要方面,城市生态学就是一个重要得系统得一部分。
得推进城市现代化、绿色住宅面积也应该相应得提高水平,更好地满足了不同需求得环境质量。
因此,加强住宅绿色建筑设计得主要任务就是做一个好工作。
改善设计应该尊重传统、尊重科学基础上得原始背后得拒绝环境,关注生态与景观设计、绿色住宅区域,使工作到一个新得水平。
下面从生态设计与景观设计来探讨设计得新思路。
•关键词:景观、景观设计绿色居住区就是城市绿化得重要组成部分,最近得居民,居民日常生活最密切相关得,它提高生活质量得环境,提高居民得身心健康至关重要。
绿色住宅面积水平,体现城市现代化得一个重要标志。
小区在城市绿地系统中分布最广,就是普遍绿化得重要方面,城市生态学就是一个重要得系统得一部分。
得推进城市现代化、绿色住宅面积也应该相应得提高水平,更好地满足了不同需求得环境质量。
因此,加强住宅绿色建筑设计得主要任务就是做一个好工作。
改善设计应该尊重传统、尊重科学基础上得原始背后得拒绝环境,关注生态与景观设计、绿色住宅区域,使工作到一个新得水平。
下面从生态设计与景观设计来探讨设计得新思路。
1。
生态设计绿化得居民区,必须基于城市生态系统,关注生态效率,改善环境质量,维护与保留居住区城市得生态平衡。
法位于贵州省中部,位于云贵高原东部隆起区边坡中部、西南得贵州梯子一般地形得特点就是高与低东北从西南到东北。
大波浪起伏得地形,最高海拔1705、2米,最低海拔506、5米,高山与深谷,沟壑方面,切削锋利,形成一个积极得环境多样性打开。
年平均气温为12、8℃,极端最高温度为35、4℃, 极端最低温度为-10、1℃,年平均降雨量1258、8毫米。
总之,开太阳,气候温与,雨量丰富,冬天冷,夏天热,适合各种园林植物得生长与繁殖。
西方现代景观设计的探索图文.最全PPT
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巴特罗公寓
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古埃尔公园
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圣家族大教堂
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格拉斯哥学派
格拉斯哥学派的代表人物是建筑师麦金托什 （Charles Rennie Mackintosh 1868-1928），在他的早 期作品中还有一些曲线的风格的特征，到了后期， 他超越了对自然的模仿，放弃了几乎所有的曲线， 改用直线和简明的色彩。
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第一部分为紧贴着建筑的 方花园，这是一个规则式花园， 以四条水渠为主体，再分出一 些小的水渠，延伸到其它区域， 外侧是小块的草坪和方格状布 置的小花床。
规则的水渠、花池、草地、 台阶、小桥、汀步等的丰富变 化都在桥与水面之间60cm的高 差内展开。
美丽的花卉和修剪树木体 现了19世纪的传统，交叉的水 渠象征着天堂的四条河流。
园林展在当时产生了广泛的影响，一时间在德国，月桂树球、攀 援月季、艺术栏杆、装饰门、装饰庭院灯、白漆室外家具在庭院设计 46 中颇为风行。
1908年，艺术家之村举办了第三次艺术展。他建造了新艺术运动中的著名建 筑——一个展览馆和一个高50m的婚礼塔。
霍夫曼1905年开始设计的斯托克莱宫的花园也引起广泛的关注。 另外，维也纳设计师雷比施（F. Lebisch）也设计了带有分离派风格的园林， 他的作品与奥尔布里希的设计风格非常相似。
尽管他们的设计也有着维多利亚式的烙印，
但是他们的花园更加简洁、浪漫、高雅，用小尺
度的具有不同功能的空间构筑花园，并强调自然
材料的运用。
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鲁宾逊设计的Gravetye府邸入口花园（1885）
鲁宾逊主张简化 繁琐的维多利亚花园， 园林设计应满足植物 的生态习性，任其自 然生长。
景观设计类外文文献分析图文PPT课件
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5 Thermal environment of residential areas
The comfort of the exterior thermal environment of residential areas is also significant and associated with the residents’health. 5.1 Project introduction Located in the northern Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University Zijingang Road to the west and the students’ dormitory to the south. The site covers a total area of 125000 m 2 . There are a total of 23 high-rise residential buildings, each of which is about 30 m high. 5.2 Simulation analysis of the wind environment of the community As it is stated in the national Green Building Evaluation Standards that the pedestrian wind speed should be lower than 5 m/s surrounding buildings so that it will not influence the comfort of outdoor activities and building ventilation,the standard for wind environment comfort was as follows: average wind speed <5 m/s at 1.5 m high.
外文翻译 园林设计
外文资料翻译Shady Attia.The role of landscape design in improving the microclimate in traditional courtyard-buildings in hot arid climates[C].PLEA2006 - The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland,2006,6-8.英文原文（节选）AbstractArab Islamic landscape design forms a unique source of inspiration for landscapearchitecture in barren open spaces in the Middle East. Arab Islamic gardens adopted a systemmarked by perfect responsiveness to the environment. The design of urban landscapes and gardens in Arab Islamic culture was similarly guided by the dictation of aridity. The need to provide shade, to prevent dust and to conserve water meant that urban open spaces and gardens were sheltered and enclosed. Alhambra in Moorish Spain and the Al-Suhaymi House in Islamic Cairo are two useful historical references for vernacular Islamic landscape designs. This paper presents an overview of landscape design considerations for the composition of vegetation and water and initial observations of their influence in controlling and improving the microclimate in courtyard buildings as a way of passive cooling in the Middle East region. This paper is a part of a Master’s thesis in the field of passive landscape strategies at Wageningen University. The objective is to identify the comfort improvements potential of successfully-planned and integrated landscape design in traditional courtyard buildings. The layout and plant material of Alhambra, Generalife courts and Al-Suhaymi court in Islamic Cairo are examined and evaluated. This study demonstrates that in arid environments, the landscape planning, the composition of vegetation and water and choice of planting material all have important consequences in creating thermally-pleasant environments.1. INTRODUCTIONIn most Islamic designs, the role of landscape design is highly appreciated. In examining traditional courtyard gardens, it is clear that the role of urban landscape design was not only restricted to a purely ornamental or theological function. It was additionally used to control and improve the microclimate around and inside the building. This paper attempts to present the role of landscape in traditional Islamic garden courtyards by analysing the design characteristics of Al Suhaymi house courtyards in Cairo and the layout of three courtyard gardens in Alhambra and Generalife palaces in Granada, Spain. Some physical parametermeasurements regarding temperature and humidity were made, in addition to a shade study. In fact, shades in courtyard-buildings were insufficient in improving the microclimate during hot summers. Therefore, vegetation and water were used to compensate for the lack of improvement provided by the shade.2. AL SUHAYMI HOUSE:Bayt al Suhaymi is one of the most important examples of a Cairene traditional courtyard house representing the Islamic landscape design around the 16th and 17th centuries. This house stands in El Darb EL Asfar alley and is directly located off the famous Fatimid street called El Moez street. The house witnessed several building phases before reaching its final layout, which covers 2000 square meters and includes 115 spaces distributed on five levels. The house is marked by perfect responsiveness to the environment and contains architectural elements of the traditional Cairean house. The bent entrance, which assures privacy to the house, leads to an inner courtyard surrounded by rooms and is overlooked by a maqaad (a roofed balcony facing the cool northern breeze) and a takhtaboosh (a space annexed by the court for receiving male visitors during the summer).2.1 The House layoutBy analysing the Al Suhaimy house layout, we find that this house layout was based on creating a passive ventilation system in order to ameliorate the microclimate. The passive ventilation system was created by locating two inner courtyards with two different pressures within the house. The north courtyard (Fig. 1c), called the rear garden, was a large open space and was meant to have low surrounding walls in order to keep the space sunny and relatively hot. The rear garden was designed to occupy 28 percent of the total plot area of the house with a 2.6:1.3:0.5 ratio (l:w:h). On the other hand, the south courtyard (Fig. 1b), simply called the courtyard, was a rectangular courtyard covering only 200 square meters and was designed to occupy only 10 percent of the total house area with a 1.8:1:1.3 ratio (l:w:h).This passive ventilation design solution is confirmed by comparing the shade in the rear garden to the courtyard. During winter (21 December, 2:00 p.m.) I found that the amount of shade in the rear garden was more than 53% compared to 100% in the courtyard space. During summer (21 June, 2:00 pm), the amount of shade in the rear garden is more than 12% compared to 40% in the courtyard space . Moreover, measurements have proved that when temperatures rise in the rear garden of the Al Suhaymi house, the air flows against the north prevailing wind directions during most daily hours. The wind flows from the south entrance, passing the courtyard and then into the takhtaboosh, with wind speeds of 1.3 m/s, and finally reaching the rear garden . On the other hand, during the stillness of the previously mentionedwind movement, the prevailing wind flows from the rear garden when the sun drops down after noon through the takhtaboosh to the courtyard with wind speeds reaching 0.7 m/s.2.2 Landscape design in Al Suhaymi house:Based on the previous design theory, we find that the role of landscape architecture in this design was essential. By analysing the plan, we find that the landscape design aimed to emphasize the passive ventilation in the Al Suhaymi house. The Islamic landscape design considerations for the composition of vegetation and water included the following environmental-responsive design principals:Quadripartite layoutReferences to the quadripartite design occurred more than once in the Koran; therefore, Islamic gardens adopted the geometrical and often symmetrical layout. Planning the layout was based on creating two axes perpendicularly crossing each other in the middle. The quadripartite layout was also considered as an environmental landscape design principle because the axes were planned as narrow water canals or walkways while the left rectangles were planted or used as water ponds. The quadripartite layout assured a combination between plant materials, water and pavement in courtyards, all of which improved the microclimate in the buildings.In the Al Suhaymi house, the courtyard had a quadripartite layout with slightly raised narrow walkways leading to the focal fountain at the centre of the courtyard. The walkways created four relatively large planted rectangular shapes , while the rear garden had two different planned layouts. The left part of the garden followed a quadripartite layout, while the right part of the garden had circular planning with a well in the centre. The quadripartite design helped the designer to manipulate the site and create a variety for the water, vegetation and pavement composition.Use of waterThe Al Suhaymi house had a focal fountain in the courtyard and some other fountains in the halls. The focal fountain was located at the centre of the courtyard. Next, a water wheel in the north-east corner of the house supported the fountains and house dweller with water. Using the fountain inside the courtyards helped to create a cold air reservoir, in addition to humidifying Cairo’s dry air. Using the fountains in the halls also helped in soothing the internal climate of the halls, reflecting the importance of having elements from the natural environment, such as water inside the house.Vegetation and shadeThe courtyard and rear garden were both planted, but to serve the passive ventilationconcept and create a relatively hot open area, the rear garden was mainly paved and planted with some flowers, medicinal herbs and palms. On the other hand, the courtyard was mainly planted with ground covers, evergreen trees and fruitful trees to provide maximum shade for the ground within the inner courtyard walls . Moreover, greenery inside the courtyard and rear garden absorbed dust and dirt in the atmosphere in addition to reducing the amount of glare. This study measured the differences in temperature between the planted courtyard and the house roof and it was found that the temperature was between 4oC to 7oC lower in the planted courtyard. Furthermore, by comparing the relative humidity in the house inner courtyard with El Darb EL Asfar alley, the humidity in the house inner courtyard ranged between 11 to 19 percent lower than in the alley.Walls and pavilionsIn the Koran, paradise is described as an enclosed garden, surrounded by “walls” and accessible through “gates”. In Al Suhaymi House, the courtyard was surrounded with thick high walls to achieve protection from the hot, dusty, and noisy environment, and to provide a refreshing shade and cool air, all of which are essential for human comfort. Moreover, the rear garden was surrounded by low walls in order to minimize shade and to create a hot open space. The surrounding walls of Al Suhaymi gardens are considered as part of an environmental landscape design element of the Islamic garden.译文摘要阿拉伯伊斯兰园林设计的独特灵感源于中东地区的贫瘠而又开放的景观空间。
城市景观规划设计毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
风景园林外文参考文献
风景园林外文参考文献引言风景园林是一门综合性学科，涉及到设计、规划和管理公共和私人的室外空间。
它的目标是创造美丽、舒适和可持续发展的环境，以提供人们休闲娱乐、社交活动和与自然互动的机会。
本文将介绍一些与风景园林相关的外文参考文献，以帮助读者更深入地了解这个领域。
文献1：《Landscape Architecture: A Manual for Environmental Planning and Design》这本书是由Barry Starke撰写的，对于风景园林设计和规划提供了全面且系统的介绍。
书中讨论了设计原则、植物选择、水资源管理等方面的内容。
它还涵盖了与环境可持续性相关的主题，如生态系统恢复和气候变化适应性。
该书还提供了大量实际案例作为示范，展示了不同类型和规模的项目如何成功地融入环境并满足用户需求。
这些案例包括城市公园、社区花园和私人庭院等。
这本书对于学习风景园林的基本原理和实践技巧非常有价值。
它不仅适用于学生和专业人士，也适合对风景园林感兴趣的一般读者。
文献2：《Garden Design: A Book of Ideas》这本书由Heidi Howcroft和Marianne Majerus合著，是一本关于花园设计的指南。
它提供了许多创意和灵感，帮助读者构思自己的花园设计。
书中介绍了不同类型的花园风格，如英式花园、日式庭院和现代景观等。
每个风格都有详细的解释和示例照片，以及与之相关的设计原则和植物选择建议。
此外，该书还包括了关于材料选择、水景设计和照明布置等方面的信息。
这些内容可以帮助读者更好地理解如何将不同元素组合在一起，创造出独特而美丽的花园。
《Garden Design: A Book of Ideas》不仅适用于专业园艺师和设计师，也适合任何对花园设计感兴趣的人。
它是一个富有启发性和实用性的资源，能够激发创造力并提供实用的建议。
文献3：《Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications》这本书由William M. Marsh撰写，是一本关于风景园林规划的综合指南。
建筑景观设计的艺术和实践(英文中文双语版优质文档)
建筑景观设计的艺术和实践（英文中文双语版优质文档）Landscape design is a highly comprehensive discipline, which involves many disciplines such as architecture, horticulture, art, psychology, and ecology. As a landscape architect, I deeply feel the challenges and joys brought by this discipline.1. Art and AestheticsThe primary goal of landscape design is to create beautiful spaces, so art and aesthetics are indispensable elements of landscape design. Art is a way of expressing and conveying emotions, thoughts and ideas, and it can create a landscape with beauty and uniqueness through color, shape, material and space.Aesthetics is the study and understanding of beauty, which discusses the essence of beauty, the standard of beauty and the value of beauty. Landscape design needs to follow aesthetic principles, such as symmetry, proportion, rhythm, repetition, change, etc., to create an aesthetically harmonious space.2. Function and practicalityLandscape design should not only pay attention to art and aesthetics, but also consider function and practicality. Landscape architects need to understand the needs and behaviors of users, rationally arrange and design spaces to improve the efficiency and convenience of space use.For example, in the design of parks and squares, it is necessary to take into account the rest and entertainment needs of tourists, and set up rest areas, children's play facilities, and cultural display areas. In the design of residential quarters, it is necessary to consider the living and living needs of residents, and set up green belts, social spaces and fitness facilities.3. Ecological and environmental protectionLandscape design also needs to take into account ecological and environmental protection issues. Today, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the continuous enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, landscape design must also keep up with the trend of the times and pay attention to ecological and environmental protection.Landscape architects need to understand issues such as land use, ecosystems, and biodiversity, and adopt sustainable design and management methods so that the landscape is environmentally friendly and ecologically valuable while maintaining its beauty.4. Humanization and Cultural InheritanceLandscape design also needs to take into account the issues of humanization and cultural heritage. As a part of human society, landscape design needs to meet human needs and cultural traditions, and provide people with safe, convenient and comfortable spaces.Landscape architects need to understand local cultural traditions and human history, and integrate local cultural characteristics and spiritual connotations into the design. For example, in urban planning and landscape design, local traditional architectural styles, folk culture, historical relics and other elements need to be fully considered to create landscapes with local characteristics.At the same time, landscape design also needs to focus on humanized design, taking into account the physical and psychological needs of users, and providing spaces suitable for people of all ages. For example, in the design of parks, it is necessary to set up barrier-free passages and humanized facilities to facilitate the travel and activities of the elderly and disabled people.5. Technology and Innovationneeds to combine various techniques and tools to realize design concepts and goals. For example, CAD, SketchUp and other software can help designers design and draw, and plant selection and green management also need to involve horticultural technology and botanical knowledge.Innovation is also an indispensable element in landscape design. It can create unique and forward-looking landscape design works by combining new technologies, new materials and new ideas.epilogueneeds to comprehensively consider factors such as art, practicality, ecology, humanization and innovation. In the design process, landscape architects need to comprehensively use various knowledge and technologies to provide users with aesthetic and practical spaces, pay attention to environmental protection and cultural heritage, and create unique and forward-looking landscape design works.景观设计是一门综合性很强的学科，它涉及到建筑、园艺、艺术、心理学、生态学等众多学科领域。
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Key words
Key words: Landscape design, Green community, Green building, Exterior physical environment
catalogue
1 Introduction 2 Greening design 3 Luminous environment of residential areas 4 Acoustic environment of residential area 5 Thermal environment of residential areas 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions
Abstract
Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effecnd effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermalenvironments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exteriorphysical living environment.
2 Greening design
Ecological environmental design is concerned mainly with the amount of greening, the green ecological quality and the biological symbiosis of construction.
2.1 Amount of greening
The Green Building Evaluation Standards in China require a greening rate of residential area of not less than 30% and the public greening area per capita of not less than 1 m2.
2.2 Green ecological quality
1 Introduction
Analysis of data from climate monitoring over the past 100 years shows that human activities are largely responsible for climate change. In view of the relatively inadequate resources per capita and weak foundations of the ecological environment,the promotion and implementation of the conception of sustainable development are of great urgency in China. Few publications address landscape designmethods from the point of view of green buildings.This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design from a green building perspective based on results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation.