2017年中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文学考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,复试真题
中国人民大学2017年外国语学院考研招生专业目录_人大考研网
硕士英语
课；外语
文章来源：文彦考研
245 二外德语
242 二 外
050204- 德 语语言文学
00-德语文 学
101- 思 想 政治理论
英 语 或 243 二 外 俄 语 或 244 二外日语或
专业课综 合素质笔试,外 语
246 二外法语
242 二 外
050205- 日 语语言文学
00-日语语 言、文学、文化
101- 思 想 政治理论
101- 思 想 政治理论
英 语 或 244 二 外 日 语 或 245 二外德语或
专业课综 合素质笔试,外 语
246 二外法语
050203- 法 语语言文学
00-法语语 言文学
101- 思 想 政治理论
242 二 外 英 语 或 243 二 外 俄 语 或 244
专业课综 合素质笔试,外 语
备注
二外日语或
中国人民大学 2017 年外国语学院考研招生专业目录
专业
方向
科目一
科目二
复试笔试 科目
243 二 外
050201- 英 语语言文学
01-英美文 学
101- 思 想 政治理论
俄 语 或 244 二 外 日 语 或 245 二外德语或
专业课综 合素质笔试,外 语
246 二外法语
243 二 外
050201- 英 语语言文学
02-英语语 言学与英语教 学
101- 思 想 政治理论
俄 语 或 244 二 外 日 语 或 245 二外德语或
专业课综 合素质笔试,外 语
246 二外法语
243 二 外
050201- 英 语语言文学
03ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้翻译理 论与实践
2017年中国人民大学翻译硕士考研参考书,考研经验,历年考研真题
招生人数：2016年我校外国语学院拟招收翻译硕士专业学位全日制研究生20人，其中英语口译方向8人，英语笔译方向12人。
其中英语口译方向拟接收推荐免试生4人，英语笔译方向拟接收推荐免试生6人。
学费：根据规定，被录取的考生依情况同我校签订协议书，交纳学费，培养期总计：口译方向全日制共为40000元/学年，笔译方向全日制共为25000元/学年（学费暂定，最终执行标准以北京市教委等主管部门批复为准）。
初试科目：科目一：思想政治理论（满分100分）科目二：翻译硕士英语（满分100分）科目三：英语翻译基础（满分150分）科目四：汉语写作与百科知识（满分150分）参考书：《中式英语之鉴》（一本翻译基础的书，基本能力的培养）《专八真题》（和翻译硕士英语难度差不多）《专八作文精品范文100篇》（用于作文的复习）《刘毅22000词》《星火英语专业考研考点精梳精练》《三级笔译实务》复习资料除了书单，按学科分类，做了一些别的学校的真题，以北外川大外经贸厦大为主，还有口译高级词汇的背诵。
经济学家杂志，China Daily报纸，每天要保证阅读量，要精度，经济学家是注重表达和词汇，China daily是注重中国特色词汇。
翻译就是不断的练习，三笔为主，也可以回译，既然是应试，初试复习就以笔译为主，有时间听听音频也可以积累一些表达。
最开始大家都很迷茫，但是经过长时间的积累会有很大的不同。
复试：复试分数线：350分复试时间：2016年3月初，请考生届时参见复试通知。
复试地点：中国人民大学，请考生届时参见复试通知。
复试内容：（1）专业综合课笔试（100分）（2）外语笔试（50分）（3）专业课和综合素质面试（150分）（4）外语听力测试（20分）（5）外语口语测试（30分）2015年中国人民大学翻译硕士录取名单外国语学院（专业学位）-英语笔译（专业学位）姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩唐**10002*****0784335729477.7张**10002*****0356636528877.64任**10002*****1211436927476.04赵**10002*****0328234628274.88李**10002*****1235437325573.72陈**10002*****1210636125973.1李**10002*****1154834826873.08李**10002*****1279835124169.52闫**10002*****1202636023469.42岳**10002*****1210234823768.65满**10002*****1376035323068.15外国语学院（专业学位）-英语口译（专业学位）姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩周**10002*****1041940730584.27闫**10002*****1220836429378.25钱**10002*****0357136528777.5潘**10002*****1192535728476.27谢**10002*****1465935027674.42赵**10002*****1573135526973.92翻译硕士考研复试复习规划翻译硕士考研复试复习规划1，锁定院校是关键，尤其积累翻译理论（一定要把报考目标院校的考察信息掌握好）2，流利口语早练习：看美剧+模仿等，不要注意情节，要注意发音，经常练习。
中国人民大学外国语学院2016年拟录取硕士研究生名单
中国人民大学外国语学院2016年拟录取硕士研究生名单外国语学院- 英语笔译（专业学位）姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注尹念100026113203437 378 291 79.37宋寒钰100026113209763 369 295 79.04刘畅100026113209326 361 282 76.38张宇100026113214477 368 277 76.37刘乾南100026113206923 359 283 76.32钱梦迪100026113214681 352 281 75.34韩泽利100026113212922 361 272 74.95李长卿100026113212131 354 248 70.82外国语学院- 英语口译（专业学位）姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注刘佳怡100026113212132 364 293 78.25赵冉冉100026113209129 350 287 76李知默100026113214002 355 281 75.64外国语学院英语语言文学姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注谭文100026113203384 402 308 84.2孙敬书100026113211753 398 288 80.94尤苏青100026113214474 382 298 80.77尹胜男100026113207266 395 271 78.21张哲100026113203387 383 277 77.87高华姿100026113207909 365 286 77.35纪思雨100026113208100 367 284 77.27 刘诗蓓100026113203382 379 274 77.04 潘如意100026113211035 360 285 76.71 张晓双100026113207959 360 268 74.28 华馨100026113212715 387 284 79.27 邢杰100026113207268 378 287 78.8 鲍嫣然100026113212719 388 279 78.65 王前100026113212118 378 279 77.65 宋佳佳100026113216559 369 277 76.47 杨景煜100026113207267 367 277 76.27 王霄100026113209325 379 254 74.18 高翔云100026113207468 365 247 71.78 王源100026113208460 403 284 80.87 高晶晶100026113207676 374 287 78.4 姜焕焕100026113206921 390 275 78.28 来雪琦100026113214152 364 289 77.68 梁靓100026113203393 366 283 77.02 兰艳100026113208173 378 271 76.51 陈蜜100026113207184 370 260 74.14 顾春敏100026113209995 365 263 74.07 刘英美100026113203398 378 241 72.22 孙雨薇100026113203401 396 304 83.02 孙晶晶100026113203402 384 285 79.11 王品品100026113212638 380 284 78.57 任帅100026113207857 361 284 76.67 赵敏婧100026113203403 372 276 76.62 田瑞100026113212126 385 265 76.35 牛璟100026113207790 370 266 75 雷明同100026113211757 365 264 74.21 赵贺100026113207471 367 245 71.7俄语语言文学姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注陈慧敏100026113203412 399 301 82.9刘小倩100026113203409 390 295 81.14郭申屿100026113203411 388 295 80.94刘如意100026113203406 392 282 79.48马宁宁100026113206832 387 281 78.84法语语言文学姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注廖瑞戎100026113203416 364 307 80.25德语语言文学姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注李萌100026113208744 398 301 82.8冀玥彤100026113209587 382 294 80.2王雪莹100026113203421 381 293 79.95日语语言文学姓名考生编号初试成绩复试成绩加权总成绩备注武艺100026113207271 367 287 77.7。
2015年中国人民大学英美文学考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研流程
从各个方面来看美国文学，个人长了见识。说实话美国文学的东西看得比较少，现在也感觉很陌生。
在考试的最后阶段我又看了常耀信的漫话英美文学，这本是又把英国文学跟美国文学串了起来。
好啰嗦的说完了，我考试看的书，然后我说说我考试期间的参考书跟习题集
我强烈推荐的一本书是英美文学精要问答，胡宗峰 人大出版社的，这本书里面包括了所有的出题点，
佳。按照每个人写字的速度，一般需要 5 分钟左右。
（二）简答题
1．育明考研名师解析
简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。难度中等偏低。这就要
求考生在复习的时候要把课本重要问题梳理清楚，要比较扎实的记忆。一般来说书本看到 5 遍以上可以达
到记忆的效果。当然，记忆也要讲究方法。
243 二 外 俄 语 或 244 二 外 日 语 或 245 二 外 德 语 或246二外法语
627- 基 础 英 语
817-翻译理论 与实践
专业课综合素质笔 试,外语
050201 04- 英 语 101-
243 二 外 俄 语 或 244 二 627- 基 础 英 818-英语国家 专业课综合素质笔
3
3/9
- 英 语 国家文化 语言文 学
思 想 外日语或245二外德语 语 政 治 或246二外法语 理论
文化
试,外语
050202 - 俄语 语言文 学
01- 俄 语 语言学
101思想 政治 理论
242二外英语
628- 基 础 俄 819-俄语语言 专业课综合素质笔
630- 基 础 日 823-日本文学 专业课综合素质笔
语
与文化
试,外语
（一）名词解释 1．育明考研名师解析
(NEW)中国人民大学外国语学院《816英语语言学与英语教学》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2005年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2004年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2003年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2002年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (10 points). 1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with. 2. ______ s a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix of a longer form already present in the language. For example，the verb edit was formed from editor by dropping the supposed derivational suffix -or. 3.Some morphemes like –ish,-ness，-ly，-dis，trans-.un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are ______ morphemes. 4. ______ an be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The lager is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 6. H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie. 7. ______ proposes that every speaker knows a set of principals which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits. 8. ______ refers to varieties of a language used by individual speakers，with peculiarities of pronunciation，grammar and vocabulary. In fact，no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking. 9.According to ______ period hypothesis，in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than at any other time. The period lasts until puberty (around age 12 or 13 years), and is due to biological development.10. ______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.答案：I. 1. meaning2.Back-formation3.bound4.Pragmaticsngue6.quality7. Generative Grammar8.Idiolect9.Critical10.CohesionII. Give short answer to the following questions (10 points)I. Explain criterion-referenced and norm-referenced language tests.答案：Tests can be categorized into two major groups: norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests. These two tests differ in their intended purposes, the way in which content is selected, and the scoring process which defines how the test results must be interpreted.A test that measures student knowledge and understanding in relation to specific standards or performance objectives is called criterion-referenced testing (CRT). It measures students’ performance in relation to standards, not in relation to other students; all students may earn the highest grade if all meet the established performance criteria. CRTs report how well students are doing relative to a pre-determined performance level on a specified set of educational goals or outcomes included in the school, district, or state curriculum.A test designed to measure and compare individual students’performances or text results to those of an appropriate peer group (that is,norm group) at the classroom, local or, national level is called norm-referenced testing (NRT). Students with the best performance on a given assessment receive the highest grades. It is generally used to help teachers select students for different ability level reading or mathematics instructional groups.2. Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.答案：The seven types of meaning were first postulated by G. Leech. They are respectively illustrated as follows:(1) Conceptual meaning, which refers to logical, cognitive, or denotative content. This type of meaning is “denotative” in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to. It overlaps to a large extent to the concept of reference, but Leech also uses the short form “sense” for the same indication. So Leech’s conceptual meaning contains two parts: sense and reference.(2) Connotative meaning, what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning.(3) Social meaning, referring to what is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.(4) Affective meaning, which refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.(5) Reflected meaning, which refers to what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.(6) Collocative meaning, what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word.The five types of meanings from (2) to (6) are collectively known as Associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use.(7) Thematic meaning, what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. It is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.III. Read the following passage carefully and then state your own position concerning the use of knowing some linguistics. (10 points) One famous scholar says that language is an interesting subject to study on its own right, for the simple reason that everybody uses it every day. It is unbelievable that we know very little about something we are so familiar with. Just a few questions will arouse our interest in language. Why should we call the thing we sit on chair? Can’t we call chair table and table chair? How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language? Why can we talk about yesterday and last year while cats and dogs never seem to make noises about their past experience? Do you think we can think as clearly without language as with language? Does language determine what we think or thought determines what we say? These questions make us curious about language and linguistics can satisfy our curiosity. To seek the answer to any of these questions is a good reason for studying linguistics.答案：Language is essential to human beings; it plays a central role in our lives as individual and social beings. We have to be fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, or we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity. Therefore, there is every necessity to study language. And Linguistics serves as a way for us to learn more about language, and to explain some phenomena which we have taken granted for but which in fact is quite interesting or puzzling. For example, with the help of linguistics, people could explain why we call the thing we sit on a “chair”but not a “cat” or “dog”, or why we can talk about yesterday and even tomorrow while animals can not. These two kinds of phenomena are all attributed to the design features of language which make it unique from and advantageous over animal languages. The linguists have found that human language is arbitrary because there is no “natural” connection between a linguistic and its meaning. What’s more, human language has also the property of displacement which enables the language users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment.Linguistics does not only try to explain the phenomena of language itself, but also try to study the interrelation between it and other aspects of the whole human society. Thus, we have sociolinguistics, which studies the relation of language with society, and which tries to clear out the relationship of language to the society and culture; psycholinguistics, which aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language, how we as infants acquire our mother tongue, how we memorize, and how we process the information we receive in the course of communication; applied linguistics, which relates some findings in linguistic studies to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability, foreignlanguage teachings.Of course, the present linguistic studies can not explain adequately all the phenomena concerned with language, for example, whether it is language determines culture or that culture determines language. Even with the theories which seem to work well on certain aspects of language we should not stay satisfied; for the theory is now accepted as true only because it haven’t been proved wrong.2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (22 points).1. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as (1) and (2) . The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.2. (3) grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while (4) grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.3. (5) studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and (6) studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.4. Words which have different meanings but are written differently and sound alike are called (7) .5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is (8) and performance.6. There are two fields of morphology: the study of (9) and the study of (10) .7. “The world is like a stage” is an example of (11) , and “All theworld is a stage” is an example o-f (12) . They are often used in analyzing features of literary language.8. (13) studies meaning in language, (14) s about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and (15) is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.9. (16) is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language; (17) , on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.10. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called (18) . It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.11. Children frequently say tooths and mouses, instead of teeth and mice. These are examples of (19) .12. (20) is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word.For example, the English word smog is made from (21) and (22) .答案：(1) langue (2) parole (3) descriptive (4) prescriptive (5) phonetics(6) phonology (7) homophones (8) competence (9) inflectional (10) lexical/derivational (11) simile (12) metaphor (13) semantics(14) syntax(15) morphology (16) psycholinguistics (17) sociolinguistics (18) stylistics(19) overgeneralization (20) blending (21) smoke (22) fogII. Give brief definitions of the following terms (18 points).1. Phoneme2. CALL3. IC analysis4. Linguistic relativity5. Silent period6. Gradable antonym答案：1. Phoneme. It refers to the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language. For example, in English, /p/ is described as a phoneme.2. CALL. It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.3. IC analysis. IC analysis (immediate constituent analysis) refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups(orphrases),which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.4. Linguistic relativity. This is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of “blue”.5. Silent period. It refers to a period in the initial phase of the language acquisition process, during which children acquiring a new language in natural settings are silent and concentrate on comprehension. And they may respond, if necessary, only in a non-verbal way or by making use of a set of memorized phrases. This phenomenon is also observed when we see how children acquire their mother tongue.6. Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.III. Give Short answers to the following questions (40 points):1. In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called “cooperativeprinciple”: “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs，by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.2. How is the illocutionary act different from the perlocutionary act?答案：An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. Thus, if someone says “Morning”, we can ask questions like “What did he mean?” and the answer could be “He offered a greeting.”A perlocutionary act, however, is the effect of the utterance. By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, and so on. Therefore, the perlocutionary act of the saying “Morning” could be to keep friendly relations with the hearer.3. Why did Chomsky make the distinction between deep and Surface structures?答案：In generative grammar, deep structure is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. On the other hand, surface structure is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.According to Chomsky, it is necessary to make the distinction, since it ishelpful to differentiate and analyze syntactic structures such as “John is easy to please” and “John is eager to please”, and also to disambiguate structures like “the shooting of the hunters”. More importantly, it reflects two of the stages of how the language is processed through the generative grammar: the deep structure, which an underlying structure, has to be transformed to the surface structure via a set of transformational rules.4.What are the major concerns of pragmatics?答案：Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsaid but communicated.5. For the system of transitivity, Halliday identified six kinds of process, each with different types of participants. List four of the processes and comment on the effectiveness of such classification.答案：For the system of transitivity, Halliday has identified six kinds of process, and four of them are material process, relational process, behavioral process, and mental process.Such a classification has a lot to do with the systemic-functional approach of grammar interpretation. The classification of the system of transitivity helps reveal the functions of the components in relation to the whole clause; it is an interpretation of grammar in terms of ideationalfunction. These six types of process have divided up the semantic system of ideational function, by showing the various ways of language to react on the material world around us, and make sense of their experience of what goes on around them and inside them, or in other words, to perform the ideational function.IV. Answer the following questions, citing examples to support your ideas (40 points).1. What are the seven functions of human language?答案：According to Hu Zhuanglin, language has at least seven functions, and they are illustrated as follows:1) Informative function. It means that language is the instrument of thought and language serves an informational function when used to tell something. It is also called ideational function in the framework of functional grammar. The declarative sentences such as “This is a book.” are the typical illustration of this function.2) Interpersonal function. The interpersonal function means people can use language to establish and maintain their status in a society. It is the most important sociological use of language. In the framework of functional grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addresser's attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves (such as Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny, yours, your obedient servant) indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations.3) Performative function. The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies. The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives.4) Emotive function. The emotive function is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something. It is a means of getting rid of the nervous energy when people are under stress, for example, swear words, obscenities, involuntary verbal reactions to beautiful art or scenery; conventional words/phrases, for example. God, My, Damn it, Wow, Ugh, Ow, etc.5) Phatic communion. The phatic communion refers to the social interaction of language. People always use some small, seemingly meaningless expressions such as Good morning, God bless you, Nice day, etc., to maintain a comfortable relationship between people without any factual content.6) Recreational function. The recreational function means people use language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting.7) Metalingual function. The metalingual function refers to the fact that people can use language to talk about itself. For example, I can use the word “book” to talk about a book, and I can also use the expression “the word book” to talk about the sign “b-o-o-k” itself.2. What are the major types of semantic Changes?答案：There are mainly three kinds of semantic changes, namely, broadening, narrowing, and meaning shift. Class shift and folk etymology also contribute to change in meaning (1) BroadeningBroadening is a process to extend or elevate the meaning from its originally specific sense to a relatively general one．For instance，the word holiday used to mean“holy day”in religious English. Today it means“a day for rest”regardless of its religious nature.(2) NarrowingContrary to broadening，the original meaning of a word can be narrowed or restricted to a specific sense．A typical example is the word meat which originally meant "food". In the course of time, the range of meaning was narrowed to mean specifically "the flesh of animals used as food".(3) Meaning shiftAll semantic changes involve meaning shift．Yet, in its narrow sense, meaning shift refers to the change of meaning, which has nothing to do with generalization or restriction. What makes the meaning of a word different isits departure from its original domain as a result of its metaphorical usage. For instance，the word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, the visible manifestation of a prayer, finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”.(4) Class shiftBy shifting the word class one can change the meaning of a word from a concrete entity or notion to a process or attribution. This process of word formation is also known as zero-derivation, or conversion. The word engineer as a noun means “a person trained in a branch of engineering”, but it means “to act as an engineer” or “to plan, to maneuver” when used as a verb.(5) Folk etymologyIt refers to a change in form of a word or phrase resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous. As a result of this modification，the word sparrowgrass in English derived from asparagus; the Spanish cucaracha changed into English cockroach．V. Translate the following into Chinese (30 points). Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as “Mary, Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?” There would be reason to took beyond the words for the “meaning” of this unusual form of address. Mr. Smith may address his wife as “Mary Smith” to show his exasperation, as in this example. By addressing her as “Mary Smith” instead of the usual “Mary”, he conveys frustration and annoyance. His choice of name thus “means” that he is exasperated. Contrast the tone of that Sentence With a similar one in whichJohn Smith addressed Mary Smith as “dear”. The level of meaning that conveys the language user’s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is Called affective meaning or emotive meaning. It is largely a parasitic category in the sense that to express our emotions we depend on the mediation of other categories of meaning as conceptual, connotative or social. For example, nigger, originally a word denoting a certain race, has virtually become a term of abuse or contempt; and a similar development has occurred with part of the political vocabulary, such as fascist.【参考译文】假设约翰·史密斯开心地娶了玛丽小姐后却这样称呼他的妻子：“玛丽·史密斯，我告诉过你多少次了，换台时不要老那么快！”撇开字面意思，这不寻常的称呼的出现是有理由的。
2015中国人民大学英语语言文学专业(外国语学院)考研专业目录招生人数参考书目历年真题复试分数线答题方法
行政责任是指政府及其构成主体行政官员(公务员)因其公权地 位和公职身份而对授权者和法律以及行政法规所承担的责任。
行政责任的特征包括：①行政责任是一种责任；②行政责任是一 种义务；③行政责任是一种任务；④行政责任是一种理论；⑤行政责 任是一种制度；⑥行政 责任是一种监控体系。
本资料由易研教育独家分析提供，更多资料请到易研官网 下载
论述题属于中等偏上难度的题目，分值往往也比较大，考察对学 科整体的把握和对知识点的灵活运用，进而运用理论知识来解决现实 问题的能力。但是，如果我们能够洞悉论述题的本质，其实回答起来 还是非常简单的。论述题，从本质上看，是考察对多个知识点的综合 运用能力。因此答案的组织往往是横贯全书，跨章节的。
03-翻译 理论与 实践
科目一
101-思 想政治 理论
101-思 想政治 理论
101-思 想政治 理论
科目二 科目三
243 二外 俄语或 244 二外 日语或 245 二外 德语或 246 二外 法语 243 二外 俄语或 244 二外 日语或 245 二外 德语或 246 二外 法语 243 二外 俄语或 244 二外 日语或 245 二外 德语或 246 二外 法语
作者 吴伟仁 吴伟仁 罗经国
出版社 外语教学与 研究出版社 外语教学与 研究出版社 北京大学出
版社
英语语言文学专业 《英美文化基础研究》
朱永涛
外语教学与 研究出版社
《欧洲文化入门》
《英语史》 《世界文化史故事大
王佐良 李赋宁
外语教学与 研究出版社 商务印书馆 上海外语教
本资料由易研教育独家分析提供，更多资料请到易研官网 下载
2017年中国人民大学翻译硕士考研真题解析,考研经验,考研参考书
全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷中国人民大学翻译硕士考研资料-----育明教育考研一．中国人民大学翻译硕士考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分复试总分值为350分。
各项成绩以本项分值的60%为及格线，所有成绩均达到及格，才能视为复试合格。
各项成绩分配如下：1.专业综合课笔试（分值100分）2.第二外国语笔试（分值50分）3.专业课和综合素质面试（分值150分）4.第二外国语听力和口试（分值50分）2015113201685英语口译201561201635二．育明考研考博辅导中心孙老师解析：关于中国人民大学翻译硕士2016年的招生信息最新总结：1.中国人民大学翻译硕士2015年开始招生，人数不多，难度中等偏上，报录比大概10：1，孙老师建议大家可以提前备考。
16年复试分数线350分，笔译进复试12人，录取8人，最高分378分，最低分352分。
口译进复试5人，录取3人，最高分364分，最低分350分。
2，中国人民翻译硕士考研参考书真题都不公布，很多考生觉得无从下手，但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。
考研，非参加知识竞赛，背书即可。
研究生入学考试，考的是语言能力，不是考记忆力。
全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷3，人大开始招生不久，复试第一年没有考察二外，16年开始考察二外，笔试面试都有，希望大家看清楚条件，谨慎报考。
2015中国人民大学英语语言文学考研参考书、历年真题、报录比、研究生招生专业目录、复试分数线
外法语
243 二外俄
050201- 03-翻 英语语 译理论 言文学 与实践
101思想 政治 理论
语或 244 二 外日语或 627-基础 245 二外德 英语 语或 246 二
外法语
243 二外俄
050201- 04-英 英语语 语国家 言文学 文化
101思想 政治 理论
语或 244 二 外日语或 627-基础 245 二外德 英语 语或 246 二
二、2015 中国人民大学-英语语言文学考研参考书
英语语言文学01-英美文学02-英语语言学与英语教学03-翻译理论与实践04-英语国家文化: 《英国文学史及选读》（1、2）吴伟仁主编外语教学与研究出版社 《美国文学史及选读》（1、2）吴伟仁主编外语教学与研究出版社 《新编英国文学选读》 罗经国 北京大学出版社
专注中国名校保（考）研考博辅导权威
盛世清北—人大考研辅导 《英美文化基础教程》 朱永涛 外语教学与研究出版社 《欧洲文化入门》 王佐良 外语教学与研究出版社 《英语史》 李赋宁 商务印书馆 《世界文化史故事大系·澳大利亚卷》 上海外语教育出版社 《语言学教程》 胡壮麟 北京大学出版社 《英语国家社会与文化入门》朱永涛 王立礼 高等教育出版社 （基础英语不提供参考书） 其他重要补充书目： 《英美文学精要问答》 胡宗峰 人民大学出版社 俄语语言文学00-俄语语言、文学、文化: 《大学俄语<东方>》1-7册 外语教学与研究出版社 《Современный русский язык. Под ред. Розенталя Д.Э.》， 1979，1984，1991；2001 《俄罗斯文学史》任光宣 张建华 余一中著 北京大学出版社2003 《俄语语言国情学》谭林编著 吉林大学出版社 1996 《俄罗斯文化国情教程》 商玉洁 赵永华 山鹰 编著 中国人民大学出版社 2002 法语语言文学00-法语文学、文化: 曹德明：《法语词汇学概论》，上海外语教育出版社，2010年。 童佩智（等）：《法国语言与文化》，外语教学与研究出版社，2005年。 Fran?oise Ploquin等，钱培鑫、陈伟译：《法国文学大手笔》，上海译文出版社，2002年 张放、晶尼：《法国文学选集》，外语教学与研究出版社，2000年。 任何原版的法国文学史，如：Lesgrands auteurs du programme, Collection Littéraire
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
book or document..）共 10 个
1.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and
2.
The beginning of wisdom is the definition of terms.
-------- Socrates
3.
The limit of your language means the limit of your world.
4.
(原话不记得了，大概是 the communication between men and women is cross-cultural.)
1
1/9
15.
II．Identify the people and describe briefly what they’ve done for the world.（10 个，20 分）
1.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2.
Angela Dorothea Merkel
3.
Adam Smith
《简爱》
10. 我给忘了，，，只能想起这 9 个了。顺序可能不太对，但内容就这些。珍惜吧。
IV. What’s you understanding of these famous sayings? （5 个，分数忘了。）
1.
Knowledge is Power.
--------Francis Bacon
法，介词用法（有动介搭配哦， 如 kummern um），从句用法（比如引导词），形容词比较等级，
代词（指示代词，反身代词等等），虚拟式，连词，判断疑问句的回答（ja, nein; nein, noch）等
等。。。
2.
德译汉，两小段，30 分。 短文是有关是否认为自己国家是有利于儿童身心发展的（Ist Ihr
even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through
the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal-as we are!
育明教育孙老师。
复试试题回忆
（一） 专业课
总共 5 道题 100 分，翻译、人物辨析、作品出处、对名言理解、汉语作文。
I.词组翻译 15 个，25 分。 英译汉 5 个（我记得是 5 个，而且英译汉是圣经俗语翻译），汉译英 10 个（侧重 2014 年 3 月至 2015 年 3 月期间的新闻热词，2015 年两会中的一些热词翻译也有考到，所以该怎么准备你懂得。） 1. a Augean Task 2. The Rubicon is crossed. 3. David and Jonathan 4. Jacob’s voice and Esau’s hands 5．The alpha and omega 6. 有权不可任性 7.京津冀一体化 8. 一带一路 9.为官不可不为？（不确定） 10.反腐败立法 11.微信红包 12.新常态 13.巡回法庭 14.
it is of the devil or of Good.
《瓦尔登湖》
9. Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You
think wrong!-I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with
5. Society precedes to individual.
V. 汉语作文 1500 字左右，15 分。
现在越来越多的房地产广告商在宣传时，因楼盘价格昂贵、地理位置优越等原因标榜自己为“高尚”
社区，而并非“高档”社区。就此谈谈你自己的看法。题目自拟，1500 字左右汉语论文。
有关专业课复试笔试部分的准备，因为我查看了 2014 年人大复试的一些回忆版帖子，热点问题
专八词汇还是得记，又没有坏处；还有，该早早花功夫练习的翻译也要练习。既然选择了这条路，
就应该做好充分的准备去迎接所有可能面临的困难，不是吗？就像作战打仗一样，选择了迎接这场
战役，就要无悔的、坚强的去迎接这个挑战。加油！
（二）二外德语
1.
20 个单选（我记得是 20 分），都比较基础。知识点大概有：形容词词尾变化，祈使句用
resignation，unless it was quite necessary．1 wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of
life，to live SO sturdily and Spartan—like as to put to rout all that was not life，to cut a broad swath
and see if I could not learn what it had to teach，and not，when I came to die，discover that I had
not lived．I did not wish to live what was not life，living is SO dear；nor did 1 wish to practise
一、笔试：
总共三个小时，前两个小时做专业课，最后一个小时做二外。但是貌似时间安排没那么苛刻，因为 开考前，监考老师（听说不是老师，是研二的学姐）已经把专业课和二外的试卷及答题纸都发了。 专业课题量比较大，二外德语今年比较简单(初试和复试都较简单)，所以可以稍微把时间多分配一 点给专业课。
育明教育复试包过课程，9800 元，不过全退，更多信息可以咨询
the pursuit of Happiness.
《独立宣言》
2.
To be, or not to be- that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
4.
Leonardo Di Serpiero Da Vinci
5.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
6.
Isaac Newton
7.
Yasser Arafat
8.
Aung San Suu Kyi
9.
Friedrich Nietzsche
10.
Elvis Presley
III. Identify the works or documents and their resources.（such as the author and the name of the
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
《哈姆雷特》
3.
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune
must be in want of a wife.
some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for
me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor
defeated.
《老人与海》
7.
I am nobody, Who are you?
Are you nobody too?
Then there's a pair of us
They'd banish, you know.
How dreary to be somebody!
How public— like a frog —
《傲慢与偏见》
4.
草叶集中《自我之歌》的一节选段（我忘了是哪一小段）
5.
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
《西风颂》
6.
But man is not made for defeat...A man can be destroyed but not
To tell your name the livelong June!
To an admiring bog!
《我是无名之辈》
8. I went to the woods because 1 wished to live deliberately，to front only the essential facts of life，
年政治、经济、文化、社会生活等等的方方面面，所以从考题也可以看出来人大的确是个高大上的
高校。选择人大，我真的不后悔。
2015 年复试题型跟 2014 年相比，保留了词组翻译、人物辨析、paraphrase 名言这三部分，去