Article_CritiqueExample_2
Critical Review怎么写
Critical Review怎么写Writing a Critical ReviewThe advice in this brochure is a general guide only. We strongly recommend that you also follow your assignment instructions and seek clarification from your lecturer/tutor if needed.Purpose of a Critical ReviewThe critical review is a writing task that asks you to summarize and evaluate a text. The critical review can be of a book, a chapter, or a journal article. Writing the critical review usually requires you to read the selected text in detail and to also read other related texts so that you can present a fair and reasonable evaluation of the selected text.What is meant by critical?At university, to be critical does not mean to criticize in a negative manner. Rather it requires you to question the information and opinions in a text and present your evaluation or judgment of the text. To do this well, you should attempt to understand the topic from different perspectives (i.e. read related texts) and in relation to the theories, approaches and frameworks in your course. What is meant by evaluation or judgment?Here you decide the strengths and weaknesses of a text. This is usually based on specific criteria. Evaluating requires an understanding of not just the content of the text, but also an understanding of a text’s purpose, the intended audience and why it is structured the way it is.What is meant by analysis?Analyzing requires separating the content and concepts of a text into their main components and then understanding how these interrelate, connect and possibly influence each other.Structure of a Critical ReviewCritical reviews, both short (one page) and long (four pages), usually have a similar structure. Check your assignment instructions for formatting and structural specifications. Headings are usually optional for longer reviews and can be helpful for the reader.IntroductionThe length of an introduction is usually one paragraph for a journal article review and two or three paragraphs for a longer book review. Include a few opening sentences that announce the author(s) and the title, and briefly explain the topic of the text. Present the aim of the text and summarize the main finding or key argument. Conclude the introduction with a brief statement of your evaluation of the text. This can be a positive or negative evaluation or, as is usually the case, a mixed response.SummaryPresent a summary of the key points along with a limited number of examples. You can also briefly explain the author’s purpose/intentions throughout the text and you may briefly describe how the text is organized. The summary should only make up about a third of the critical review. CritiqueThe critique should be a balanced discussion and evaluation of the strengths, weakness and notable features of the text. Remember to base your discussion on specific criteria. Good reviews also include other sources to support your evaluation (remember to reference).You can choose how to sequence your critique. Here are some examples to get you started: •Most important to least impor tant conclusions you make about the text.•If your critique is more positive than negative, then present the negative points first and thepositive last.•If your critique is more negative than positive, then present the positive points first and the negative last.•If there are both strengths and weakness for each criterion you use, you need to decide overall what your judgment is. For example, you may want to comment on a key idea in the text and have both positive and negative comments. You could begin by stating what is good about the idea and then concede and explain how it is limited in some way. While this example shows a mixed evaluation, overall you are probably being more negative than positive.•In long reviews, you can address each criteria you c hoose in a paragraph, including both negative and positive points. For very short critical reviews (one page or less) where your comments will be briefer, include a paragraph of positive aspects and another of negative.•You can also include recommendatio ns for how the text can be improved in terms of ideas, research approach; theories or frameworks used can also be included in the critique section. ConclusionThis is usually a very short paragraph.•Restate your overall opinion of the text.•Briefly prese nt recommendations.•If necessary some further qualification or explanation of your judgment can be included. This can help your critique sound fair and reasonable.ReferencesIf you have used other sources in you review you should also include a list of references at the end of the review.Summarizing and paraphrasing for the critical reviewSummarizing and paraphrasing are essential skills for academic writing and in particular, the critical review. To summarize means to reduce a text to its main points and its most important ideas. The length of your summary for a critical review should only be about one quarter to one third of the whole critical review. The best way to summarize is to:1.Scan the text. Look for information that can be deduced from the introduction, conclusion and the title and headings. What do these tell you about the main points of the article?2.Locate the topic sentences and highlight the main points as you read.3.Reread the text and make separate notes of the main points. Examples and evidence do not need to be included at this stage. Usually they are used selectively in your critique.Paraphrasing means putting it into your own words. Paraphrasing offers an alternative to using direct quotations in your summary (and the critique) and can be an efficient way to integrate your summary notes.The best way to paraphrase is to:1.Review your summary notes2.Rewrite them in your own words and in complete sentencese reporting verbs and phrases (eg; The author describes…, Smith argues that …).4.If you include unique or specialist phrases from the text, use quotation marks.。
critical review article范文
critical review article范文Critical Review Article: The Effects of Social Media on Mental HealthIn recent years, the impact of social media on mental health has become a matter of concern for many individuals and organizations. While social media platforms offer a range of benefits, including enhanced communication and connection with others, research has suggested that excessive use of these platforms can have negative effects on mental health outcomes. This critical review article aims to provide an overview of the current literature on the impact of social media on mental health.One of the most significant negative impacts of social media on mental health is the exacerbation of anxiety and depression symptoms. Social media has been linked to increased feelings of loneliness and social exclusion, aswell as the pressure to present a perfect persona online. These pressures can lead to poor mental health outcomes, including symptoms of anxiety and depression.Moreover, social media can exacerbate the effects of negative body image and self-esteem issues. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok have given rise to influencers who have idealized physical attributes and lifestyles that are unattainable for most individuals. This exposure can lead to negative body image, low self-esteem, and even eating disorders.Another major factor contributing to the negative impact of social media on mental health is the phenomenon ofcyberbullying. Social media platforms can enable individuals to harass or bully others anonymously or with a false identity. This type of online abuse can be very harmful, and has been linked to increased anxiety and depression symptoms.Although social media has a negative effect on mental health, it is not all negative. Social media can be a platform for individuals to access mental health services and support groups. Social media allows people who may be unable to attend in-person support groups to meet others who are going through similar experiences.Overall, the impact of social media on mental health is varied and complex. While social media offers a range of benefits for communication and connection, excessive use of these platforms has negative effects on mental health, including increased anxiety and depression symptoms, negative body image, and cyberbullying. It is important forindividuals to find a balance between online engagement and offline activities that promote positive mental health.。
critique
Writing a CRITICAL ANALYSIS (Critique)Academic Skills Center * Room 1501 * Shoreline Community CollegeTo write an effective critique you must first be a critical reader. You must carefully analyze a writer's argument, perspective, and/or information presented to determine strengths and weaknesses. You must look at the work objectively, using certain criteria to evaluate it. Because a critique is also personal, it will also include your own opinions and reactions. You may find the following three-stage procedure helpful when writing a critique.Stage I: Prepare1. Prepare to read. First, consider the title of the article. Reflect on what it means to you. What do youalready know about this topic? What do you believe? What do you predict the article will cover?2. Read the article actively. As you read each paragraph, hold these key questions in your mind:What's the main idea in this paragraph (or section)? What facts or details support the ideas? How do the important ideas relate to each other? During this reading you may want to mark major points and makea few brief marginal notes to remind you of the content, but do not spend too much time yet in notetakingactivities. Your main focus should be on reading for the key questions.3. Respond to the article subjectively. Freewrite for five minutes. Record any feelings, reactions, orthoughts you have about the article. Does it interest you? Excite you? Is it disturbing or provoking? Does it remind you of anything/anyone?4. Respond objectively. Write a brief summary of the article. Do not include any of your own ideas oropinions.Stage II: AnalyzeBefore you begin writing your critique, you may want to read it again with several critical questions in mind: Background: What is the nature of the article? Who wrote it and what are her/his qualificationsa.for writing it?Purpose: Why was the article written? What is its purpose? What are the objectives of the article?b.What kind of material is presented to achieve those objectives? What is the significance of the article?How does it relate to other materials on the same subject?Thesis: What is the writer's position? Is it stated directly and clearly? What are the writer's keyc.assumptions? Are they explicit or implicit? Do you detect biases? Are the assumptions and biases obvious, or are they hidden behind a stance of neutrality and objectivity? (An assumption is a belief about something. It is often not stated by a writer. Assumptions underlie all human behavior. Forexample, when you go to your classroom, you assume your teacher will show up. You shouldcritically examine all assumptions, even those in sync with your own.)Evidence: What does the writer provide to support her/his position? What are the writer's specificd.arguments? Is the evidence believable? Authoritative? Sufficient? Logical or emotional? Are you convinced?Refutation: Does the writer present her/his thesis as the only reasonable position? Or has thee.writer clearly and fairly presented any opposing sides? Has the writer shown the opposingarguments to be invalid? Has the writer overlooked any possible opposition?Appeal: What is the appeal of the article? What are some of its most striking or illuminatingf.qualities? What, if any, are its striking deficiencies? What is the writer's style or tone?Authoritative? Speculative? Reasonable? Suggestive? What kind of language does the writer?Does it add to her/his credibility?(Please continue on the back)Stage III: Write the Critique1. In your first paragraph state the subject of the article you are analyzing and its author. You mightgive some preliminary information about both. You may want to include the premise or main pointof the article. Then write a statement that asserts your main point--your evaluation of the article--andshows the direction you will pursue in your discussion.2. Next, summarize background facts, issues, etc. that must be understood before the article's point can beappreciated. Remember, you are illuminating the writing of another for your audience. What does your audience need to know about the article in order to understand your judgmentit?of3. Review the information (including the author's key assumptions) that must be understood before theposition you plan to take on the article can be appreciated.4. Summarize the author's argument or perspective. Do not add your opinion yet. Be objective.(NOTE: You may choose to reverse the order of steps 3 and 4.)5. Review the author's argument in light of the position you identified in step 1 and further elaborated instep 3. Make sure that all points relate to your central thesis.6. State your conclusions, reminding the reader of the points you've made and the reasons you have formaking them. Remember, you have made judgments based upon a specific set of criteria you havediscussed. What emerges from your analysis of the reading as a whole? Has your own thinking changed?What thoughts did it provoke? Did the article reinforce what you already knew or believed? Do youthink differently about the world as a result of reading the article?Writing Process StragegyFor the best writing product, follow these steps when writing your critique:1.Prewrite: It's important before you begin writing a draft, to list ideas, mind map, brainstorm, freewrite,or do some kind of activity that lets your mind run loose with your thoughts. (If you have answered the questions in the "Analyze" section above, you will have many notes to help you get started.)2. Draft: From your prewriting notes, consider the direction you want to take. What's your main idea(thesis)? How will you organize your points? Consider the steps in Stage III above and write a draft. DO NOT worry about perfect sentence structure, grammar, spelling, punctuation, etc. at this time! Just get your thoughts on paper.3. Revise: It's useful to let some time pass between drafting and revising a paper. Your mind willincubate thoughts, and when you leave them alone for awhile and take a fresh look, you may think of new things or have a new perspective on what you've already written. What was a puzzle to you yesterday make be clearer today. When you revise your paper, you make sure that you have a clear thesis, that you have stayed focused on that idea with relevant details, and that you have ordered your ideas/analysis in a logical, interesting way. This is the time to make sure that the connections between sentences andparagraphs are clear. You should use transition words to make your connections clear.4. Edit/Proofread: The final stage is for finesse. Check your spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure.Make sure you haven't left anything important out.Information and strategies presented in this handout are taken from these sources: Writing, Reading, and Research, Third Edition, Veit/ Gould/Clifford, c. 1994, pp. 450-451; Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, Behrens/Rosen, c. 1982, p. 41. These books are available in the Academic Skills Center, room 1501.。
你和一个小组一起学习备考吗英语作文
你和一个小组一起学习备考吗英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Studying and Preparing for Exams with My Study GroupHi everyone! Today I want to talk about how awesome it is to study and prepare for exams with my study group.First of all, studying with my study group is so much more fun than studying by myself. We can help each other when we don't understand something and explain things in a way that is easier to understand. Plus, we can quiz each other and make studying feel like a game.Secondly, studying with my study group helps me stay motivated. When I see my friends working hard and making progress, it motivates me to do the same. We can encourage each other and celebrate our achievements together.Another great thing about studying with my study group is that we can share resources and study materials. If one of us hasa helpful study guide or notes, we can all benefit from it. This makes studying more efficient and effective.Lastly, studying with my study group helps me improve my communication and teamwork skills. We need to coordinate our schedules, delegate tasks, and work together towards a common goal. These are important skills that will help me in the future.In conclusion, studying and preparing for exams with my study group is not only beneficial for my academic success but also a great way to make friends and develop important life skills.I am so grateful for my study group and all the support and encouragement they provide. Let's keep studying hard and achieve great results together!篇2Yes, we study together to prepare for the English exam! It's super fun because we get to help each other and learn new things together. We have a small group of four friends who meet every day after school to study.First, we review our notes and textbooks to make sure we understand the material. Then, we take turns asking each other questions to test our knowledge. Sometimes we even make upgames to help us remember vocabulary words and grammar rules.One of my favorite things about studying in a group is that we can share different study tips and tricks. For example, one of my friends is really good at remembering verb tenses, so she helps us practice them. Another friend is great at spelling, so she quizzes us on tricky words.We also like to make up silly sentences using the wordswe're studying. It helps us remember the meaning of the words and makes studying more enjoyable. Plus, it's a great way to practice our speaking and listening skills.Overall, studying with my friends has made preparing for the English exam a lot more fun and less stressful. I'm so grateful to have such supportive classmates who are willing to help me succeed. I know we'll all do great on the exam, thanks to our hard work and teamwork!篇3Yes, I study and prepare for exams with a study group.Me and my friends, we form a study group to prepare for our English exams. We meet after school at the library or someone'shouse. We bring our textbooks, notebooks, and pens. We also bring snacks and drinks to keep us energized and focused.In our study group, we take turns reading our English textbooks out loud. We ask each other questions and help explain difficult concepts to one another. Sometimes we even make up fun games to help us remember vocabulary words and grammar rules.We also do practice exercises together. We work on grammar exercises, reading comprehension passages, and writing prompts. We critique each other's work and offer suggestions for improvement.Sometimes, we make flashcards with important English words and phrases. We quiz each other and see who can remember the most words. It’s a fun way to learn new vocabulary and test our memory skills.Studying in a group has really helped us improve our English skills. We encourage each other, motivate each other, and help each other succeed. We are all in this together, and we know that we can achieve great results if we work hard and support each other.I am grateful for my study group and all the friendships we have formed. We are not just classmates, we are a team working towards a common goal – to excel in English and ace our exams.篇4Yes, I study and revise for my English test with a group of friends. We always meet up after school at the library and help each other out. We share our notes, ask each other questions, and practice speaking English together.Sometimes we make flashcards to help us remember important words and grammar rules. We also do role plays to practice our conversational skills. It's really fun to pretend to be different characters and speak in English.During our study sessions, we also take turns quizzing each other on vocabulary and grammar. We try to make it like a game so that it's more interesting and engaging.When we come across difficult questions or concepts, we work together to figure them out. It's great to have friends who can explain things in a different way and help us understand better.Studying with a group has really helped me improve my English skills. I feel more confident and prepared for my tests. Plus, it's nice to have friends to study with and support each other. I'm grateful for our study group and all the progress we've made together.篇5Me and my group are studying together for our English exam. We are working really hard to get good grades and help each other out. We have fun studying together and we always encourage each other to do our best.We meet up after school and go through our notes, practice speaking English, and do some exercises together. Sometimes we even make up games to help us remember vocabulary words and grammar rules. It's a lot of fun and we learn a lot from each other.When one of us is struggling with a particular topic, we all pitch in to help them understand. We explain things in different ways until it finally clicks. We also motivate each other when we feel overwhelmed or stressed out. It's nice to have a supportive group to study with.We have been studying together for a few weeks now and we can already see improvements in our English skills. We feel more confident and prepared for the exam. We know that if we keep working hard and supporting each other, we will do well on the test.Studying with a group is really helpful and I'm glad I have friends to study with. We are all in this together and we will succeed together. Let's do our best and ace this exam!篇6Sure! Here is a fun and casual essay in the form of a conversation among elementary school students:Me: Hey guys, do you study together in a group to prepare for exams in English?Friend 1: Yes, we do! It's so much fun to learn together and help each other out.Friend 2: Yeah, studying with friends makes it easier to understand difficult concepts and practice speaking English.Me: I agree! Plus, it's more motivating to study when you have friends cheering you on.Friend 1: And we can quiz each other on vocabulary and grammar to make sure we all understand the material.Me: That's a great idea! It's like having our own little English study group.Friend 2: And we can share study tips and resources to make our learning more effective.Me: Exactly! Working together as a team really helps us to improve our English skills and feel more confident about taking exams.Friend 1: Plus, it's just more fun to study with friends and laugh together while learning.Friend 2: So, let's keep studying together and supporting each other in our English learning journey!Me: Let's do it! We'll ace our exams and become fluent English speakers in no time!And that's how we study together in a group to prepare for exams in English! It's always more fun and effective to learn with friends by your side. Isn't it cool?篇7Sure! Here's a fun and casual article written in a primary school student's voice about studying and preparing for exams with a group:---Hey everyone! Guess what? I want to tell you about a super cool thing I did with my friends recently. We all got together to study and prepare for our English exam. It was so much fun and we learned a lot while we were at it.First off, let me introduce my amazing study group. There's me, Sarah, Tom, Lily, and Alex. We all love English and really wanted to do well in our exam. So, we decided to meet up at Sarah's house and study together.When we first got together, we started by going over our notes from class. We shared our own tips and tricks for remembering vocabulary and grammar rules. It was really helpful to hear how everyone else studied and we picked up some great ideas along the way.Next, we did some practice questions together. We took turns reading out the questions and trying to solve them. It was fun to work as a team and help each other out when we gotstuck. We cheered each other on when someone got the answer right and laughed when we made silly mistakes.After a few hours of studying, we took a break and had some snacks. We chatted about other things besides English and relaxed for a bit. It was nice to take a breather and recharge our brains before getting back to work.By the end of the day, we felt so much more confident about our English exam. We had covered a lot of material and practiced a ton of questions. We made a plan to keep studying together and support each other leading up to the exam.Studying with my friends was such a great experience. We had fun, learned a bunch, and bonded as a group. I'm so lucky to have such awesome study buddies. I can't wait to see how we all do on the exam! Go team English study group!---I hope you enjoyed reading this article! Let me know if you need any more help with writing in English. Good luck with your studies!篇8Yeah! I study with a group of friends to prepare for our English exams! It's super fun and we learn a lot together.First, we always start by reviewing our notes from class. We make sure to go over any vocabulary words we don't know and try to understand the grammar rules. Sometimes we quiz each other to see if we remember everything.Next, we work on our speaking and listening skills. We like to practice conversations in English and watch English movies or TV shows together. It helps us get used to hearing and speaking the language.We also do a lot of writing exercises. We write essays, stories, and letters to practice our writing skills. We help each other by giving feedback and corrections so we can improve.Sometimes we play games to make studying more fun. We do word searches, crossword puzzles, or even play English trivia games. It helps us review what we've learned in a fun way.Overall, studying with a group has been really helpful. We can support each other, share tips, and motivate each other to do our best. Plus, it's nice to have friends to study with and make learning English more enjoyable. I'm so grateful for my study group!篇9Yes, I study and prepare for exams with a group of friends. It's really fun because we help each other and learn together. We share our notes and study materials, and we also quiz each other to practice for the exams.We meet up at the library or someone's house to study. We usually start by reviewing our notes from class and then we work on homework or practice problems together. If there's something we don't understand, we can ask each other for help. Sometimes, we even make up games to make studying more interesting.We also like to take breaks and have snacks while we study. It helps us stay energized and focused. And when we're feeling stressed or worried about an upcoming exam, we can talk to each other for support and encouragement.Studying with a group has really helped me improve my English skills. I've become more confident in speaking and writing, and I've learned new vocabulary and grammar rules from my friends. Plus, it's a lot more fun to study with friends than by myself.I'm really grateful for my study group and I know that we'll all do well on our exams because we've been working hard together. I hope we can continue studying together in the future.篇10Yes, I study and prepare for exams with a group of friends. We call ourselves the "English Study Squad"! We have so much fun learning and practicing together.First, we always start our study sessions by reviewing vocabulary words and grammar rules. We make flashcards and quiz each other to make sure we really understand the material. Sometimes we even make up funny stories using the words to help us remember them better.Next, we work on reading and writing exercises together. We take turns reading passages out loud and then discuss the main ideas and details. We also practice writing essays and short stories, and then share them with the group for feedback.One of the best parts of studying with a group is that we can help each other with any difficult concepts. If one of us doesn't understand something, we explain it to each other until we all get it. It's like having our own mini English class!Finally, we end each study session by playing English games or watching English videos to relax and have fun. It's a great way to review what we've learned and enjoy some quality time together.Overall, studying with my English Study Squad has been super helpful and a lot of fun. I'm so grateful to have such a supportive group of friends to study with. I know we'll all do great on our exams!。
英语高中高频词汇作文大全
英语高中高频词汇作文大全High School High-Frequency Vocabulary Essay Collection。
In high school, students are expected to have a strong command of English vocabulary. The high-frequencyvocabulary is essential for academic success, and it isalso important for daily communication. In this essay collection, we will explore some of the most common high-frequency vocabulary words and their usage in different contexts.1. Analyze。
To analyze means to examine something in detail and break it down into its constituent parts. In academic writing, analyzing is often used to describe the process of examining a text or piece of literature to understand its meaning and significance. For example, a student might analyze a poem by examining its structure, language, and themes.2. Evaluate。
To evaluate means to assess something's quality or value. In academic writing, evaluating is often used to describe the process of assessing the strengths and weaknesses of an argument or idea. For example, a student might evaluate an essay by examining its thesis statement, evidence, and logical reasoning.3. Synthesize。
New_Criticism
New CriticismNew Criticism was a dominant trend in English and American literary criticism of the mid twentieth century, from the 1920s to the early 1960s. Its adherents were emphatic in their advocacy of close reading and attention to texts themselves, and their rejection of criticism based on extra-textual sources, especially biography of authors or texts being analyzed.HistoryNew Criticism is a type of formalist literary criticism that developed in the 1920s-30s and peaked in the 1940s-50s. The movement is named after John Crowe Ransom's 1941 book The New Criticism. New Critics treat a work of literature as if it were self-contained. They do not consider the reader's response, author's intention, or historical and cultural contexts. New Critics perform a close reading of the text, and believe the structure and meaning of the text should not be examined separately. New Critics especially appreciate the use of literary devices in a text. The New Criticism has sometimes been called an objective approach to literature. [citation needed]The notion of ambiguity is an important concept within New Criticism; several prominent New Critics have been enamored above all else with the way that a text can display multiple simultaneous meanings. In the 1930s, I. A. Richards borrowed Sigmund Freud's term "overdetermination" (which Louis Althusser would later revive in Marxist political theory) to refer to the multiple meanings which he believed were always simultaneously present in language. To Richards, claiming that a work has "One And Only One True Meaning" is an act of superstition(The Philosophy of Rhetoric, 39).In 1954, William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley published an essay entitled "The intentional fallacy", in which they argued strongly against any discussion of an author's intention, or "intended meaning." For Wimsatt and Beardsley, the words on the page were all that mattered; importation of meanings from outside the text was quite irrelevant, and potentially distracting. This became a central tenet of the second generation of New Criticism.On the other side of the page, so to speak, Wimsatt proposed an "affective fallacy", discounting the reader's peculiar reaction (or violence of reaction) as a valid measure of a text ("what it is" vs. "what it does"). This has wide-ranging implications, going back to the catharsis and cathexis of the Ancient Greeks, but also serves to exclude trivial but deeply affective advertisements and propaganda from the artistic canon. Taken together, these fallacies might compel one to refer to a text and its functioning as an autonomous entity, intimate with but independent of both author and reader. This reflects the earlier attitude of Russian formalism and its attempt to describe poetry in mechanistic and then organic terms. (Both schools of thought might be said to anticipate the 21st century interest in electronic artificial intelligence, and perhaps lead researchers in that field to underestimate the difficulty of that undertaking.) Studying a passage of prose or poetry in New Critical style requires careful, exactingscrutiny of the passage itself. Formal elements such as rhyme, meter, setting, characterization, and plot were used to identify the theme of the text. In addition to the theme, the New Critics also looked for paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best interpretation of the text. Such an approach may be criticized as constituting a conservative attempt to isolate the text as a solid, immutable entity, shielded from any external influences such as those of race, class, and gender. On the other hand, the New Critical emphasis on irony and the search for contradiction and tension in language so central to New Criticism may suggest the politics of suspicion and mistrust of authority, one that persisted throughout the cold war years within New Criticism's popularity.The Southern Agrarians, for instance, enfolded New Criticism's emphasis on irony into their anti-authoritarianism and criticism of the emerging culture of spending, consumption, and progress but — in the view of such writers as Robert Penn Warren — authoritarian populism early in the 20th century. Perhaps because of its usefulness as an unassuming but concise tool of political critique, New Criticism persisted through the Cold War years and immanent reading or close reading is now a fundamental tool of literary criticism, even underpinning poststructuralism with its associated radical criticisms of political culture. New Critical reading places great emphasis on the particular over the general, paying close attention to individual words, syntax, and the order in which sentences and ideas unfold as they are read. They look at, for example, imagery, metaphor, rhythm, meter, etc.Besides the names mentioned above, other prominent New Critical figures include the following:F. R. LeavisWilliam EmpsonRobert Penn WarrenCleanth BrooksT. S. EliotR. P. BlackmurNot all the thoughts and works stemming from these individuals fall within the New Critical camp. For example, Elio t‟s relationship with New Criticism was rather complicated. In 1956, he claimed that he failed to see any school of criticism which can be said to derive from himself, referring to the New Criticism as “the lemon-squeezer school of criticism." He never understood the ways that the New Critics had come to interpret The Waste Land, noting in "Thoughts after Lambeth" (1931), "When I wrote a poem called The Waste Land some of the more approving critics said that I had expressed the …disillusionment of a generation,‟ which is nonsense. I may have expressed for them their own illusion of being disillusioned, but that did not form part of my intention." Of course, Eliot's commentary would be largely irrelevant to a New Critic's close reading of his work. (Furthermore — and in the first place —New Criticism ought to take a dim view of socio-historic contextualization embodied in phrases like "disillusionment of a generation".) Empson, too, attempted to distance himself from the New Criticism, and was particularly critical of Wimsatt. His last book, Using Biography, was largely anattempt to refute the doctrine of the "intentional fallacy".WorksEliot's essays, such as "Tradition and the Individual Talent", provide some of the foundational texts for New Criticism, although Eliot himself had a more ambiguous relationship with the school, as evidenced in later works such as The Frontiers of Criticism.Ransom's 1941 essay "The New Criticism," from which the movement received its name. (Note that this essay was not the first work published that can be identified as existing within the field of "New Criticism" — rather, it was the article that gave the movement, including earlier documents, its current identity.)Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity and Some Versions of Pastoral are among the preeminent New Critical works. Their broad taxonomic ambition, in both cases, ranges over a good portion of the literary canon in an attempt to define a literary device or trope.Richards's Practical Criticism is one of the most "theoretical" works of the New Criticism; that is, it is a reflection on critical method.Wimsatt and Beardsley concisely defined the two anathemas of the New Criticism in their well-known essays "The Intentional Fallacy" and "The Affective Fallacy." Brooks's The Well-Wrought Urn is among the best-known examples of New Critical poetry explication, the essay "The Heresy of Paraphrase" frequently cited for its discussion of paradox in literature.CriticismOne of the most common grievances, iterated in numerous ways, is an objection to the idea of the text as autonomous; detractors react against a perceived anti-historicism, accusing the New Critics of divorcing literature from its place in history by emphasizing the text as autonomous. New Criticism is frequently seen as “uninterested in the human meaning, the social function and effect of literature” and as “unhistorical,” for “it isolates the work of art from its past and its context.”[1] To the same ends, Terry Eagleton takes issue with the attention paid by New Criticism “to the …words on the page,‟ rather than to the contexts which produced and surrounded them.”[2]The New York Intellectuals was a contemporary intellectual movement who emphasized instead the socio-political role of texts, in contrast to New Critics. Robert Scholes argues that the New Critics fail, unlike the formalists, to work on identifying the criteria of the prosaic and poetic rather than specific instances of prose or poems; that they emphasize the works over the idea of textuality.[2]Similarly, Northrop Frye argues that the study of literature should focus on literary and mythological systems, rather than individual texts.[2]Another common critique of the New Criticism is how ill-adapted the method is to certain types of writing. Russell Reising, for example, argues that the New Criticism devalues literature that is representational or realist.[2] Likewise, Scholes accuses the methodology as denying any text of "cognitive quality" - that is, "denying that literature can offer any form of knowledge."[2]Jonathan Culler‟s argument illustrates a shift to a critique of the interpretive processitself. Culler writes that close reading fails not only to analyze the literary system, but in so doing, it regards reading as “natural and unproblematic.”[2]In the same vein, critic Terence Hawkes writes that the fundamental close reading technique is based on the assumption that “th e subject and the object of study—the reader and the text—are stable and independent forms, rather than products of the unconscious process of signification, an assumption which he identifies as the "ideology of liberal humanism,” which is attributed to the New Critics who are “accused of attempting to disguise the interests at work in their critical processes.”[2]For Hawkes, ideally, a critic ought to be considered to “[create] the finished work by his reading of it, and [not to] remain simply an inert consumer of a …ready-made‟ product.”[2]Yet another objection to the New Criticism is that it is thought to aim at making criticism scientific, or at least “bringing literary study to a condition rivaling that of science.”[1]This charge may go hand in hand with another, in which “the New Criticism is being dismissed as a mere pedagogical device, a version of the French explication de texte, useful at most for American college students who must learn to read and to read poetry in particular.”[1]新批评派百科名片新批评派（The New Criticism），20世纪20至50年代英美批评界影响较大的一支批评流派，得名于美国约·兰塞姆所著论文集《新批评》(1941)。
critical essay范文
critical essay范文Critical EssayIntroduction:A critical essay is a form of academic writing that analyzes, interprets, and evaluates a text or work of art. It aims to provide an objective and balanced analysis by examining the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the significance and implications of the subject matter. In this essay, we will explore the key elements of a critical essay and discuss its importance in academic discourse.Body:1. Clear Thesis Statement:A critical essay begins with a clear and concise thesis statement that states the main argument or viewpoint. This statement guides the entire essay and helps the reader understand the purpose and direction of the analysis.2. Analysis of Evidence:To support the thesis statement, a critical essay presents evidence from the text or artwork being analyzed. This evidence can include quotes, examples, or specific details thatdemonstrate the author's or artist's intentions. It is important to analyze the evidence thoroughly and provide thoughtful interpretations.3. Evaluation of Techniques:In addition to analyzing the evidence, a critical essay evaluates the techniques used by the author or artist. This includes examining the writing style, narrative structure, use of imagery or symbolism, and the effectiveness of these techniques in conveying the intended message. The evaluation should be objective and supported by evidence from the text or artwork.4. Consideration of Context:A critical essay takes into account the historical, social, and cultural context in which the text or artwork was produced. This context helps to understand the motivations and influences behind the work and provides a deeper understanding of its meaning and implications. It is important to research and provide relevant context to support the analysis.5. Engagement with Scholarly Discourse:A critical essay engages with scholarly discourse by referencing and responding to other academic works. This demonstrates an awareness of the existing body of knowledge on the subject and allows for a broader discussion. It is important to cite and reference sources accurately to avoid plagiarism and to provide credibility to the analysis.6. Objective Tone and Language:A critical essay maintains an objective tone and uses formal language to present arguments and analysis. It avoids personal opinions or biases and focuses on providing a balanced and well-supported evaluation. The use of clear and concise language enhances the readability and credibility of the essay.Conclusion:In conclusion, a critical essay is an essential component of academic writing as it allows for a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of a text or artwork. By presenting a clear thesis statement, analyzing evidence, evaluating techniques, considering the context, engaging with scholarly discourse, and maintaining an objective tone, a critical essay provides a valuable contribution to the understanding and interpretationof the subject matter. Through its rigorous analysis and evaluation, a critical essay encourages critical thinking and fosters intellectual growth.。
评论类英文作文模板
评论类英文作文模板英文：Commenting on something can be a great way to express your thoughts and opinions on a particular topic. However, it is important to do so in a respectful and constructive manner. Here are some tips on how to write a great comment:1. Start with a positive statement: Before diving into your critique, start with a positive statement about the topic you are commenting on. This will help set a positive tone for your comment.2. Be specific: When providing feedback or criticism, be specific about what you are referring to. For example, instead of saying "I don't like this article," say "I think the article could benefit from more research and statistics to support its claims."3. Use examples: Use examples to support your opinionsand provide context for your comment. For instance, if you are commenting on a movie, you could say "I loved the way the director used lighting to create a suspenseful atmosphere in the scene where the protagonist is being chased."4. Avoid personal attacks: It is important to remember that you are commenting on a topic, not attacking a person. Avoid making personal attacks or insults and focus on the topic at hand.5. End on a positive note: End your comment with a positive statement or suggestion for improvement. This will leave a positive impression and show that you areinterested in constructive criticism.中文：评论某件事情可以是表达你对某个特定话题的思想和观点的好方法。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Critique of “Animal Farm” by George Orwell.George Orwell (25 June 1903- 21 January 1950) is an English author and journalist. His work is marked by intelligence and wit. Animal Farm one of his master work reflected his revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism and a belief to democratic socialism.The original title was Animal Farm: A Fairy Story, as the title George Orwell tells a fairy story of revolution of animals in Manor Farm against human beings and the expanding corruption of leadership after the revolution which ruins the revolution. However this is not simply a fairy, the author himself acknowledged that Animal Farm was a critic of Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union under his Kaiserism.At the beginning a respectable boar on the farm - Old Major considered the founder of community held a meeting before his death. He criticizes the greedy human beings cruelty to animals and the miserable life they live. He inspires animals to revolt against human and he teaches them a song called “Beast of England” to encourage them. After his death two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon inherent and elaborate Old Major’s teaching into Animalism which contains seven commandments and drive the owner of the farm Mr. Jones away. They found their own farm and name it “Animal Farm”. However the peaceful life doesn’t last long, they face numerous problems and difficulties. Snowball and Napoleon have a difference in principle and combat for leadership. In order to expel Snowball Napoleon secretly rose up bunch of dogs. He dominates the farm by using Squealer’s false propaganda and threats from dogs. Under arbitrary dictation animals live a much more miserable life than before. On the other hand pigs reserve privileges for themselves. Squealer- flunky of Napoleon even change the Seven Commandments of Animalism to make Napoleon and pigs behaviors reasonable. The other animals cherish the illusion of better life slaved by the pigs. At the end of the story pigs walk upright and behave like human beings whom they are ever against. And the other animals even can’t tell the difference between pigs and humans.George Orwell’s ironic writing style and profundity make the whole story very impressive and dramatic. The song “Beast of England” (chpter1) shows the blueprint of better life in the future and the Seven Commandments (chpter2) draw up the criteria of freedom, equality and peace, however ambition for power and enjoying privileges corrupt Napoleon his staff. They even change the Seven Commandments step by step in order to make them adapt to their interest. For example, the fourth commandment “No animal shall sleep in beds” is changed to “No animal shall sleep in beds with sheets” when the pigs are discovered to have been sleeping in the old farm house chpter6).The fifth commandment “No animal shall drink alcohol”is changed to “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess” when the pigs discover the farmer’s whisky (chpter8). And in chapter5, Napoleon’s driving Snowball away from the farm by dogs apparently against the sixth commandment “No animal shall kill any other animal”. So they change it into “No animal shall kill any other animals without cause” In the end all commandments disappear, remaining a single one “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others”. This change totally ruined the equality among animals. And after their main principle commandment 1 and 2 are replaced by “Four legs good, two legs better!” the harmony community they once aimed at is totally subversive. It is hard to imagine that this novel is published in 1945. It almost accurately predicts the morbidly developing society of Soviet Union and some other communist countries. He discloses the cruel kaiseriam in the so-called communist countries and how the revolution fails under dictation.Despite so many successfully molded characters to criticize in this fairy story, I have a preference on Benjamin, the old donkey. He is one of the longest lived animals on the farm. He may not have a good temper but he is one of the wisest animals on the farm, and is one of the few who can read “as well as any pig”. That makes him see straight everything the pigs do. But he never comments on anything just keep quiet. He even tries to conceal the fact that he can read. He always mentioned that “Life will go on as it has always gone on---that is badly.” It is obvious that he is skeptical and pessimistic from his words. He is also a close friend to Boxer. As a friend he feels sorry for Boxer’s hard-working and ignorance. But he did nothing until Boxer was taken away to abattoir. However, everything is too late he can’t save his best friend and being more depressed than ever.I strongly feel pity for Boxer, a horse hardworking to death. The author implies Boxer as loyal, kind, dedicated and ignorance people in the country. He is physically the strongest animal on the farm, but idolatrous to make statement as “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right” despite the corruption. While what he gains is definitely what he pays out. As the strongest animal and most hard-working animal he was taken away by a can marked “Horse Slaughterer”and sent to abattoir in serious illness (chpter9). More tragically, the other animals are fooled by Napoleon and their sympathy and anger die down when Napoleon declares the contribution Boxer makes and his honor to him. Boxer dies as the sacrifice of this incomplete revolution. The vivid depiction of Boxer reminds me thousands of poor naïve and diligent people in China. They are the main force to contribute the country. They spare no pains and toil day and night. But what they gains never equals to what they pay. They always live in a miserable life. They obey the leadership without considering of right or wrong. And what’s worse they sometimes even don’t let other people doubt about the leadership of the country. The author’s discernment is so strong that from what he write can get what we see.Generally speaking, with his perfect writing strategy, George Orwell illustrates the corruption revolution and criteria made by the revolutionary. He illustrates the privilege in humanity by presenting the animals’ world rather than that of human directly, which is so dramatic and impressive becoming the highlight of the novel. The metaphors make the novel humorous and persuasive. The vivid portray of animals implies the weaknesses of humanity. The Seven Commandments seem ridiculous which exaggerate the fact of human society. It deepens the reader’s impression and thought.Overall Animal Farm is a remarkable novel.Stu No. 2011461102Name Jin Yan (Athena)。