头韵-谐音-尾韵-矛盾-隽语
解析英语头韵-最新教育文档
解析英语头韵头韵是古老的修辞格，是英语诗歌中最早出现的韵.头韵（alliteratio）是指一组词，一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词。
如as fit as fiddle（非常健康），这个词组中发音相同的二个字母f重复使用，构成头韵.英语中存在大量类似头韵修辞格的短语，形式有对称之美，读之音韵和谐。
如vice and virtue （罪恶与美德）,twists and turn（曲折），safe and sound(安然无恙），tit for tat（一报还一报）等等.构成头韵的多为辅音字母.但应注意不发字母本音的字母不构成头韵。
如：physical pain，psychological power 这样的短语，由于ph一组合读f 音，ps一组合中的字母 p不发音，因而不能在短语中构成头韵。
头韵运用单词首字母发音的共性特征，发挥着独特的修辞作用，使语言更生动，更贴切，更具有感染力,达到语言上的优美动听.一、头韵的修辞作用1。
增强语言的节奏感。
头韵可增强英语的节奏感，读起来朗朗上口,优美悦耳，它既能给人以视觉美，又能使人享受到音乐的节奏美.如：I slip， I slide， I gloom, I glance，Among my skimming swallows；I make the netted sunbeam danceAgainst my sandy shallows这节诗是英国诗人Alfred Tenyson的作品，这节诗中头韵句的运用，恰当地描绘出小溪的轻快流淌，潺潺远去,读来和谐悦耳,使人如临其境.又如：O my lure is like a red， red roseThat’s newly sprung in June这是苏格兰诗人Robert Burns 爱情诗的名篇之一的节选。
诗人对苏格兰古民歌进行加工，以海枯石烂为比喻，歌颂坚贞的爱情。
句首的a red， red rose三个r 字母的连续，音韵节奏之美，让人立刻把美丽可爱的姑娘与火红火红的玫瑰联想在一起,产生无限丰富的遐想.2.使语言简洁明快。
浅谈新闻标题的修辞特点
浅谈新闻标题的修辞特点新闻标题运用各种修辞手法可以达到准确、简明、生动的效果。
本文对新闻标题常用修辞手法———明喻、暗喻、对偶、重复、夸张、拟人、头韵、尾韵、拟声、双关、仿拟、回文和隽语，进行举例分析，有助于其语用价值的理解。
新闻标题修辞手法语用价值一、明喻英语里最简单、最常见的修辞格之一，即把要描述的事物——本体用比喻词与另一具有鲜明的同一特征的事物—喻体联系起来。
在新闻标题中运用明喻，可以使标题通俗易懂，生动形象。
例如，“rumours as damaging as bombs”。
“rumour”（谣言）在日常生活中司空见惯，人们往往不屑一顾。
此标题把“rumour”形容成像“bomb”（炸弹）一样，可见这个“rumour”一定具有轰动效果，会引起轩然大波，更能吸引读者仔细阅读。
二、暗喻一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，不用比喻词，有时甚至不用本体只说喻体，或者把甲事物当成乙事物描写。
其比喻关系隐含在句意中，从而更形象，更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力和感染力。
用于新闻标题，能够变抽象为具体，化呆板为灵动，简洁明了，活泼有趣。
例如，“children under parents’ wing”。
讲述了美国中学发生枪击事件后，许多家长亲自送孩子上学。
标题形象地运用“wing”（翅膀）来比喻父母的保护，贴切形象，将父母对子女的呵护表现得淋漓尽致。
三、对偶对偶又称平行对照，即两个相反或相似的语言结构的对仗或对照。
由于其结构工整，兼具匀称的形式美和和谐的音律美，而且能够拓展意义空间，产生语义上的张力美，突出题旨意义，因而在拟就新闻标题时常常用到。
例如，“money attracts, money attacks”。
标题中“attracts”和“attacks”语义上的鲜明对比，词尾重音和爆破音的强烈冲击，在凸现金钱对人的诱惑与腐蚀的同时，余音未尽，发人深省。
四、重复重复的基本用法是连续或间隔重复使用同一单词、短语或句子。
英语语言学之常见修辞English Rhetoric
英语修辞(English Rhetoric)Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively.1.Simile明喻: An explicit comparison, e.g. The pen is to a writer what the gun is toa soldier.2.Metaphor暗喻: An implicit comparison, e.g. Some books are to be tasted, othersto be swallowed and some few to be chewed.3.Personification拟人: The attribution of animate qualities to inanimate objects, e.g.the wind whistled through the trees.4.Onomatopoeia拟声: the imitation of sounds, e.g. tinkle, clank, bang5.Hyperbole夸张: Overstatement, exaggeration, e.g. A drop of ink may make amillion think.6.Understatement低调陈述: A restrained statement, e.g. He could do better.7.Euphemism委婉语: An inoffensive expression, e.g. the needy, cease to think8.Parallelism排比: Parallel structures, e.g. We shall fight him by land …by sea …in the air.9.Repetition重复: repetition o f the same words, e.g. Don’t trouble trouble until …10.Antithesis对照: Contrast, e.g. Men make houses, women make homes. Pennywise, pound…11.Climax渐进: Progression of thought, e.g. I came, I saw, I conquered.12.Anti-climax突降: Sudden descent of thought, e.g. He lost his empire, his familyand his pen.13.Paradox隽语: A seemingly contradictory statement, e.g. The child is father of theman.14.Oxymoron矛盾修辞: the combination of contradictory terms, e.g. cruel sweetlove15.Transferred epithet 移就: a descriptive term transferred from the appropriatenoun to modify another to which it does not really apply, e.g. sleepless night, expensive tastes, sweet teeth16.Alliteration头韵: Head rhyme, e.g. Practice makes perfect.17.Assonance腹韵: V owel rhyme, e.g. First thrive, then wife.18.Consonance尾韵: End rhyme, e.g. East or west, home is best.19.Rhyme押韵: e.g. Man proposes; god disposes. Well begun is half done. Well fed,well bred.20.Pun双关: Humorous use of homonymy, e.g. Seven days without water make oneweak/week.21.Allusion引喻: an implicit reference to an event/story, e.g. pound of flesh22.Metonymy转喻: The use of the name of one thing for another with which it isclosely associated, e.g. The pen is mightier than the sword. the gray hair, the bottle, the tongue23.Synecdoche提喻: the substitution of the whole for the part, or vice versa, e.g.short of hands,24.Antonomasia换喻: the use of a proper name to stand for sth else having anattribute associated with that name, Judas for a traitor, Solomon for a wise man, Nero for a tyrant25.Irony反语: The expression of actual intent in words that carry the oppositemeaning.sarcasm明讽: a strong form of irony, e.g. Gentlemen like you carry only large notes.innuendo暗讽: a mild form of irony, e.g. In a group they were brave.satire讽刺文学: An ironic literary work1.parody 仿拟: Beauty is more than skin deep. Once choose, always use.2.zeugma 轭式搭配: He gets out of bed and humor.3.syllepsis一语双叙: take the oath and his seats,He lost his temper and his hat.4.palindrome回文: No X in Nixon. Step on no pets. Madam, I’m Adam.5.epigram警句: brief, pointed saying that has the nature of a proverb6.malapropism词语误用: 200 light years ago, brus diver (bus driver), brive a dus 1.Analogy: a comparison in which different items are compared point by point,usually with the idea of explaining something unknown by something known.Analogies are offered to provide insights, and can be very instructive. Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.2.Symbolism: In writing, symbolism is the use of a word, a phrase, or a description,which represents a deeper meaning than the words themselves.3.Plantification: giving man or things plant-like characters. The sky was like a fadedrose.4.materialization: 美感垂手可得却无法靠前5.Zoosemy: reverse personification, animal or things attributes applied to people.e.g. Children are flowers of our country.6.Apostrophe顿呼: England! Awake! Awake! Awake!7.Rhetorical question修辞问句: The rhetorical question is usually defined as anyquestion asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks.8.Periodic sentence圆周句: a complex sentence in which the main clause comeslast and is preceded by the subordinate clause (loose sentence松散句)9.anagram变位词: Words or phrases rearranged, William Shakespeare = I swearhe's like a lamp. We all make his praise. Has a peer, I ask me? Ah, I speak a swell rime (rhyme).10.Hypallage移就: synaesthesia通感, empathy移情and transferred epithet转类通感Sweet voice/ icy look/ sharp cry/ sour remark/ oily-tongued移情Lazy clouds drifted across the sky.转类His dry humor doe sn’t seem intentional.修辞格(figures of speech) 大体分为三类：音韵phonological词义semantic句法syntactical。
从语音和句法视角管窥商务英语广告中的修辞格
读与写杂志Read and Write Periodical 2011年2月第8卷第2期Vol.8No.2February2011英语广告中的修辞策略是从使用角度来研究语言的，它依据广告内容、读者心理等恰当地选择语言手段和表达方式，从而达到有效运用语言的目的。
从语言学角度来看，修辞格的适当运用可以使语言表达更加丰富多彩。
本文从语音和句法两个视角来分析广告英语的修辞运用策略。
1语音修辞格的运用所谓语音修辞策略是指利用语音手段来增强广告语言的表现力和感染力，使广告读起来优美动听、韵味无穷。
语音修辞策略使广告达到了形式与内涵、视觉美与听觉美的统一，增强了广告感染力。
广告英语中常见的语音修辞格有三种：头韵、尾韵、语音双关。
1.1头韵(Alliteration)英语中的头韵指的是相邻词的起首字母(元音或辅音)发音相同的现象(何江胜，1999：35)。
头韵能使得作品简明、生动，形成强烈的音响效果，使广告具有高度的可读性，例如：Go with the flow．Soft，swaying shapes，so right for summer．这则衣裙广告连用押／s／头韵的词语(soft,swaying shapes, so和summer)，“丝”音不绝，宛如微风拂过，创造了一种浪漫的听觉效果，给人留下生动、具体的产品印象。
1.2尾韵(Rhyme)尾韵由相同或类似的重读音节或非重读音节的韵脚组成。
在广告英语中采用尾韵策略，可以使广告词音调和谐，增强节奏感，例如：East is east and west is west.But Brown’s meat is best．East，west与best三词押尾韵，使该广告富有节奏感，读来铿锵有力，易于传诵，能够打动消费者，刺激其购买欲望。
1.3语音双关(Homophonic Pun)语音双关是利用同形异义词，即发音相同但拼写和意义不同的词，或发音、拼写相同但意义不同,使某些词语或句子在特定的环境中具有双重的意义，例如：More sun and air for your son and heir．在这则海滨浴场的宣传广告中，作者巧妙地运用语音双关，发音相同但拼写、意义不同的词:sun--son和air--heir这两组谐音字，使广告语言不仅和谐悦耳，读来风趣幽默，朗朗上口。
英美小说
*
Use outside rhetoric:
The term metaphor is also used for the following terms that are not a part of rhetoric:
A cognitive metaphor is the association of object to an experience outside the object's environment. A conceptual metaphor is an underlying association that is systematic in both language and thought.
Onomatopœias are not the same across all languages; they conform to some extent
to the broader linguistic
A mixed metaphor is one that leaps from one identification
to a second identification inconsistent with the first. "I smell a rat [...] but I'll nip him in the bud".This form is often used as a parody of metaphor itself: "If we can hit that bull's-eye then the rest of the dominoes will fall like a house of cards... Checkmate."
Rhetorical Devices英语修辞
Eg. She is a pretty girl. —She is the prettiest girl in the world.
He laughed heartily. He almost died laughing. This cold is killing me. I was scared to death. Your voice is loud enough to wake the dead.
English
Rhetorical Devices
英语修辞
I. Classification
In general, English Rhetorical Devices can be classified into three categories: Lexical rehtorical devices Syntactical rhetorical devices Phonetic rhetorical devices
The term "personification" may apply to:
① A description of an inanimate object as being a
living person or animal as in: "The sun shone brightly down on me as if she was shining for me alone". In this example the sun is depicted as if having the possibility for intent and if referenced with the pronoun "she" rather than "it".
Rhetoric devices
• 2． 结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices) 结构修辞格( )
repetition（反复）, catchword repetition（联珠）, chiasmus （回文）, parallelism（平行结构）, antithesis（反对）, rhetoric question（设问）, anticlimax（突降）
9.Epigram 隽语，警句 is an 隽语，警句--experimental dependently typed functional programming. e.g. You can’t eliminate violence by violence, you should use love. Necessity is the mother of invetion.
achieved through a figurative use of words; the word is used not in its literal sense, but in one analogous to it. e.g. …the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets… We are called upon to help the discouraged baggers in life’s marketplace. He who has love has the key that unlocked the door to the meanings of ultimate reality. e.g. Life‘s but a walking shadow; a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage. " （Macbeth , Shakespeare）
英文中最常见的20种修辞手法（解释例句）
英文中最常见的20种修辞手法（解释例句）和我们精通的中文一样，英文写作中也存在各式各样的修辞手法。
今天给大家介绍最常见的20种英文修辞手法。
细细体会，争取把他们用到你的作文中：01Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如：1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
02展开剩余92%metaphor隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
例如：1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.03metonymy借喻，转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。
2）The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。
3. 以作者代替作品，例如：a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
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▪ 2.Examples: ▪ (1). More haste[heɪst], less speed. ▪ (2). Love is cruel, love is sweet.
Oxymoron and paradox:
▪ (1) An oxymoron is a figure of speech which combines two normally contradictory terms,(proud humility, painful pleasure, a thunderous silence etc.) while a paradox is a seemingly contradictory statement or proposition which may nevertheless be true.
▪ 2.Examples:
▪ (1).The two friends were faithful through thick and thin.
▪ (2).This is a tried and true way of saving water.
Assonance[‘æs(ə)nəns]谐音
1.Definition: ▪ Assonance is the repetition or
2.Examples:
(1)The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.
(2) The parental discipline can be described as cruel kindness.
resemblance[rɪ'zembl(ə)ns] of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of a sequence['siːkw(ə)ns] of words, preceded and followed by different consonants. Assonance also refers to the likeness of sound in a series of words.
2.Examples: (1).It’s fair and square affair from the beginning to the end. (2).A little pot is soon hot.
Consonance[‘kɒns(ə)nəns]尾韵
1.Definition: ▪ Consonance comes from Latin, meaning “to
paradox[‘pærədɒks]隽语
1.Definition: ▪ It is a figure of speech consisting of a
statement or proposition[prɒpə‘zɪʃ(ə)n] （命 题）which on the face of it seems selfcontradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct[sək'sɪŋ(k)t] point.
▪ (2)From a simple way, the oxymoron is a compressed paradox, so they almost have the same function― draw the attention of audience so as to put emphasis on terms or sentences.
was unkind.
Oxymoron[,ɒksɪ‘mɔːrɒn] 矛盾修饰法
1.Definition：It is a compressed[kəm'prest] paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous[ɪn'kɒŋgrʊəs] terms as in bittersweet memories, orderly chaos['keɪɒs] and proud humility[hjʊ'mɪlɪtɪ].
Alliteration（[ə,litə‘reiʃən]） 头韵
1. Definition: ▪ The word “alliteration” derives from Latin,
meaning “repeating and playing upon the same letter”. It is the repetition of initial consonant in two or more words.
harmonize['hɑːmənaɪz]”. It refers to the repetition of the final and identical consonants whose preceding vowels are different.
2.Examples: ▪ (1)My Stroke of Luck. ▪ (2)When I lent I was a friend, when I asked I