2020年考博英语阅读解题技巧：指代题
考博英语阅读十大解题思路
考博英语阅读十大解题思路一、细节题1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。
2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步骤：1)重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确(不能推)理解句子的深刻含义。
2)若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
3)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title， main idea， main problem，conclusion，mainly disguss， mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：1)段落少，用串线法。
2)快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志：题干中出现attitude ，believe ，consider， deam，regard，deem2、作者态度可以分为三大类：1)正态度：支持，乐观，赞同2)客观、中立、公正3)反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)5、识别作者态度：方法一：可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断。
医学考博英语阅读理解整体解题思路
阅读理解个人笔记一。
考研阅读理解命题干扰项的特点：1.看似合理,实则以偏概全，断章取义.惯用手法:利用生活常识编造选项，把文中事实细节当主旨应对方法:从文中找依据，找答案，"合理项"不一定就是正确选项2.偷梁换柱,张冠李戴.惯用手法：对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点. 应对方法：过于相似的选项不一定正确，"原词越多,对的可能性越小”.3.用常规含义代替偏用词义。
惯用手法：用常规词义麻痹考生.应对方法:掌握熟词生义,并根据上下文推测其在特定语境下的含义4。
过度引申。
惯用手法：备选项虽是由文章推出，但是却超出文章范围应对方法:切勿过度发挥,一切以原文为本。
二。
各类题型的特点及解答技巧（一)主旨题1.文章主旨给出的四种形式：文首,文中，文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。
2.主旨题的解题技巧＊不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助*着重理解首末段，首末句＊主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾）,遇到文章前后段意思转折，提高警惕3.主旨题的注意事项:＊段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句＊作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨＊提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore，thus，but,however，in short等等4。
选项特点:正确选项特点:不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点:细节信息明显；过于笼统（二）作者观点和态度题1.作者态度题的解题技巧*作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持,要么反对，带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案＊漠不关心（中立）类词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会不关心*不要把自己的态度揉入其中，也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度*当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度＊作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联［注]新趋势:*不仅局限于作者的态度,而发展到问文中某人对某事物的态度*选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或否定的词语，而改为带有程度限制的词*一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的表示必错,如:strong，complete，entire,enthusiastic(极大兴趣的）等＊持有保留态度的比较客观,常常是正确选项,如：reserved(保留的）, qualified（适合的），tempered（温和的) ，guarded(谨慎的;有保留的),consent（同意)等(三)词义/句义题1.对词义考察的两种方式:超纲词义含义推断;熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思2.词义题的解题技巧:*根据上下文进行推理猜测，两个原则<1>不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思<2〉不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思＊正确选项不是熟词的常规含义3.猜测词义的方法：*构词法：根据词根,词缀判断词义＊词性加搭配：先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测＊找同义词，同义解释,反义词,反义解释：在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法,由此推断其含义＊找同位词：上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测4。
如何做阅读理解中的代词指代题教案.docx
如何做理解中的代指代代指代常的型有：1.The word“⋯” in the passage probably means______.2.The underlined word“⋯” in the passage refers to ______.3.In this story the underlined word“⋯” means ________.4.Here “⋯” means ________.做型，常用的解技巧有：1.确定指代象。
要首先分析前后文，明确代所指代的象是人是物，避免判，要有目的地做，才能真正做到有的放矢。
2.确定指代象的数量。
代指代的可数名是不可数名，一定要在理解句子意思的基上行判断，只有判断准数，才能理解文章的意思，准确理解目的要求。
3.确定指代范。
在真的基上明确代的指代范。
只有明确代所表示的具体范，才能搞清楚文章的关系和前后文的系，正在理解文章的中心思想。
例如：It ’ s difficult to be polite in America from that in China. I’本d正确答案是 C，是个代like to talk with you about the use of“ please” ,指代。
根据前后文内容可知“ excuse me ” and“ thank you” . The Chinese people don是“中美两国礼貌用”’ t use “ please ” as often aswe do. For example, Chinese teachers hardly say “ pleasesit展开的，由“The Chinese down” when their students answer their questions, and the traffic people don ’ uset “ please as”police wouldn’ t like to use“ please ” when they are on duty.often as we do.”可知： we 和I believe we also say “ excuseme” more often than the中国人是不一的，因是中Chinese people. We say美两国的礼貌用，很明地“ excuse me ” when we need to pass infront of someone, to leave a party or the dinner table or find看出：we 就是指代的美国人。
2020考研英语：阅读理解12种高分解题技巧
2020考研英语：阅读理解12种高分解题技巧1、例证题：①例证题的标记。
当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。
②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。
例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。
举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。
即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。
(╳)要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。
2、指代题：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项实行比较，找出答案。
3、词汇题：“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是准确答案。
b.考研阅读不是考察字理解不理解，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出准确的判断。
c.词汇题的准确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。
注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。
d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。
英语阅读理解指代文章内容题目的解题技巧
英语阅读理解指代文章内容题目的解题技巧全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Cracking the Code: Mastering Reference Questions in English Reading ComprehensionAs students, we all know the dreaded feeling of being stumped by those pesky reference questions in English reading comprehension exams. You know, the ones that ask you to identify what a particular word or phrase refers to in the passage. It's like trying to solve a linguistic puzzle, and one wrong move can cost you precious marks. But fear not, my fellow bookworms! I've been through the trenches and have some tried-and-true strategies to help you conquer these reference questions once and for all.First and foremost, let's talk about the importance of active reading. I can't stress this enough – you need to be fully engaged with the text as you're reading it. Passive reading is a surefire way to miss crucial details and context clues that will come in handy when tackling those reference questions. So, put away yourphone, find a quiet spot, and get ready to immerse yourself in the passage.As you read, keep an eye out for any pronouns, demonstrative adjectives (like "this" or "that"), or other referential words or phrases. These are the linguistic breadcrumbs that reference questions will likely focus on. Whenever you encounter one of these, pause and ask yourself, "What is this referring to?" Jot down a quick note in the margin if it helps you keep track.Another crucial strategy is to pay close attention to the context surrounding the referential word or phrase. The clues you need to decipher its meaning are often found in the preceding or following sentences (or sometimes even paragraphs). Look for any nouns, descriptions, or explanations that could help you identify the referent.For example, let's say the passage mentions "this groundbreaking discovery" in one paragraph. In the previous paragraph, the author might have discussed a scientific breakthrough in detail. Bingo! You can safely assume that "this groundbreaking discovery" is referring to that particular scientific finding.Now, it's important to remember that not all referents will be explicitly stated in the passage. Sometimes, you'll need to use your powers of inference and logical reasoning to figure out what a word or phrase is referring to. In these cases, consider the broader context of the passage, including the main idea, tone, and any relevant background information provided.Let me give you an example from a literature passage I encountered last semester. The passage discussed the themes and symbolism in a famous novel, and at one point, it mentioned "this tragic flaw." Based on the context and my knowledge of literary terms, I inferred that "this tragic flaw" was referring to the protagonist's fatal character flaw, which was a central element of the plot.Another handy tip is to pay attention to any transitional words or phrases that might signal a shift in focus or topic. Words like "however," "nevertheless," "in contrast," or "on the other hand" can indicate that the author is about to introduce a contrasting idea or referent.For instance, let's say the passage states, "While many scientists supported the theory, others disagreed with this claim." In this case, "this claim" likely refers to the theorymentioned in the previous sentence, and the passage is about to discuss the opposing viewpoint.Now, I know what you're thinking – what if there are multiple potential referents in the passage, and you're not sure which one is correct? This is where the context of the question itself comes into play. Carefully read the reference question and look for any additional clues or constraints that might help you narrow down the options.For example, the question might ask, "What does the pronoun 'it' refer to in the third paragraph?" Immediately, you know to focus your search for the referent within that specific paragraph, eliminating any potential options from other parts of the passage.Sometimes, the question itself might provide a descriptive hint about the referent, such as "What does the phrase 'this groundbreaking discovery' refer to in the context of scientific research?" In this case, you can use that additional context to better identify the intended referent.Now, I know all of this might sound a bit overwhelming, but trust me, with practice and persistence, you'll become a pro at deciphering these reference questions. And remember, the key isto actively engage with the text, look for context clues, and use your logical reasoning skills to make educated inferences.Don't be discouraged if you struggle at first – we've all been there. Just keep practicing with past exam materials or sample passages, and you'll start to develop a keen eye for spotting those pesky referents.And if all else fails, don't be afraid to ask your English teacher or a classmate for help. Sometimes, a fresh perspective or a little guidance can make all the difference in cracking these linguistic codes.So, there you have it, my fellow students – the ultimate guide to tackling reference questions in English reading comprehension exams. With these strategies in your arsenal, you'll be able to approach those tricky questions with confidence and sail through that section with flying colors.Happy reading, and may the referents be ever in your favor!篇2Title: Cracking the Code: Mastering Reference Questions in English Reading ComprehensionAs a student, one of the most challenging aspects of English reading comprehension tests is tackling reference questions. These questions require you to identify the specific words or phrases that certain pronouns or references are referring to in the passage. It's like piecing together a puzzle, and if you get it wrong, it can derail your entire understanding of the text. But fear not, my fellow learners! With the right strategies and a bit of practice, you can become a pro at decoding these pesky reference questions.First things first, let's understand what reference questions are all about. Imagine you're reading a passage about the life of a famous scientist, and you come across a sentence like this: "She made groundbreaking discoveries that changed the course of history." The pronoun "she" is a reference, and the question might ask you to identify who or what it is referring to. In this case, it's likely referring to the famous scientist mentioned earlier in the passage.Now, you might be thinking, "But what if there are multiple scientists or people mentioned? How do I know which one the pronoun is referring to?" That's where context clues come into play, my dear Watsons.Tip #1: Pay Attention to ProximityOne of the golden rules when it comes to reference questions is to look for the closest relevant noun or name preceding the reference. Pronouns and other references usually refer to the most recently mentioned person, place, or thing. So, if you see a pronoun like "it" or "they," scan the sentences or paragraphs immediately before it to find the closest logical referent.Tip #2: Consider the ContextWhile proximity is important, context is king. Sometimes, the reference might not be pointing to the nearest noun or name if it doesn't make sense within the context of the passage. Always read the surrounding sentences or paragraphs carefully to understand the overall flow and meaning of the text. This will help you eliminate irrelevant referents and zero in on the correct one.Tip #3: Watch for Singular and Plural AgreementEnglish grammar can be a tricky beast, but it can also be your best friend when it comes to reference questions. Pay close attention to whether the reference is singular (he, she, it) or plural (they, them), and make sure it agrees with the noun or name it's referring to. If the pronoun is singular, the referent should also be singular, and vice versa.Tip #4: Look for Logical ConnectionsReferences often have logical connections to their referents. For example, if the passage is discussing a particular event or phenomenon, a pronoun like "it" is likely referring to that event or phenomenon. Similarly, if the passage is describing a person's actions or thoughts, a pronoun like "he" or "she" is probably referring to that person.Tip #5: Eliminate Irrelevant OptionsIn multiple-choice reference questions, the options provided can be a lifesaver (or a trickster, depending on how well you understand the passage). Once you've identified the potential referents based on context and logic, systematically eliminate the options that don't make sense or don't agree with the reference in terms of singular/plural agreement or proximity.Tip #6: Practice, Practice, PracticeLike any skill, mastering reference questions in English reading comprehension takes practice. The more passages you read and questions you attempt, the better you'll become at recognizing patterns and applying the strategies mentioned above. Don't be discouraged if you struggle at first – keeppracticing, and soon enough, you'll be decoding references like a linguistic detective.Remember, reading comprehension is not just about understanding the literal meaning of words; it's about grasping the deeper connections and nuances within the text. By honing your skills at identifying references, you'll be able to unlock a whole new level of understanding and confidence when tackling English reading comprehension tests.So, fellow learners, embrace the challenge, apply these tips, and watch as those pesky reference questions become mere child's play. Happy reading and decoding!篇3Mastering the Art of Reference Questions in English Reading ComprehensionAs students, we've all been there – staring at a dense reading passage, our eyes glazing over as we struggle to comprehend the intricate web of pronouns, synonyms, and other referential language. Answering reference questions can feel like a daunting task, but fear not! With the right strategies and a bit of practice, you can conquer these pesky questions and unlock a deeper understanding of the text.First and foremost, it's crucial to grasp the concept of referential language. Simply put, referential language is the use of words or phrases that refer to something else within the same context. This can include pronouns (he, she, it, they), synonyms (alternate words with similar meanings), and other linguistic devices that point back to previously mentioned ideas or concepts.Now, let's dive into some tried-and-true strategies for tackling reference questions like a pro:Pay Attention to Context CluesContext is king when it comes to deciphering referential language. Before attempting to answer a reference question, take a step back and carefully read the surrounding sentences or paragraphs. Look for clues that might help you identify the referent – the thing that the word or phrase is referring to.For example, if the passage mentions "the famous scientist" and later uses the pronoun "she," you can deduce that "she" is referring to the previously mentioned female scientist. Similarly, if a synonym like "the groundbreaking discovery" is used, you can connect it to a specific discovery described earlier in the text.Identify Pronoun AntecedentsPronouns are a common source of confusion in reading comprehension passages, but fear not! With a little practice, you can become a pro at identifying their antecedents (the words or phrases that pronouns refer to).When encountering a pronoun, scan the preceding sentences or paragraphs for a noun or noun phrase that matches the pronoun in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter). This noun or noun phrase is likely the antecedent you're looking for.For instance, if the passage states, "The scientist conducted an experiment. She observed the results carefully," you can infer that "she" refers to "the scientist" mentioned earlier.Look for Logical ConnectionsReading comprehension passages often employ logical connections and transitions to link ideas and concepts. Pay close attention to words and phrases like "this," "that," "these," "those," "such," "the former," "the latter," and so on. These referential expressions often point to specific ideas or details mentioned earlier in the text.For example, if the passage states, "The experiment yielded unexpected results. This finding challenged the prevailingtheory," you can deduce that "this finding" refers to "the unexpected results" mentioned in the previous sentence.Consult the Question StemRemember, the question stem (the part of the question that asks about the reference) can provide valuable clues about the type of referent you're looking for. Is the question asking about a specific person, event, concept, or idea? Use this information to narrow down your search for the referent within the passage.For instance, if the question asks, "What does the pronoun 'it' refer to in the following sentence...?" you know to look for a singular, neuter referent (likely a thing or concept) mentioned earlier in the text.Eliminate Incorrect ChoicesIn multiple-choice reference questions, the process of elimination can be your best friend. Even if you're unsure of the correct answer, you can often identify and eliminate choices that are clearly incorrect based on the context and logical flow of the passage.For example, if one of the answer choices refers to something that hasn't been mentioned or is completelyunrelated to the passage, you can safely cross it off your list of potential answers.Practice, Practice, PracticeLike any skill, mastering reference questions in English reading comprehension passages takes practice. The more you expose yourself to different types of referential language and practice identifying referents within various contexts, the more comfortable and proficient you'll become.Seek out practice materials, such as sample reading passages and accompanying questions, and work through them diligently. Don't be discouraged if you struggle at first – with time and dedication, you'll develop a keen eye for referential language and the confidence to tackle even the trickiest reference questions.Remember, reading comprehension is a journey, and every step you take toward understanding referential language brings you closer to becoming a master of English reading comprehension. Embrace the challenge, apply these strategies consistently, and watch as those pesky reference questions become manageable obstacles on your path to success.Happy reading, and may the referents be ever in your favor!。
考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】
第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分，该题型一直是各院校考查的重点，为每年必考题型而且比重最大（个别院校除外），分值比重一般为30%或40%（电子科技大学达到50%）。
为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试，考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。
（一）测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为：掌握并能运用各项阅读技能（如概括中心思想，猜词悟意，预见，推理和推论等），具有语法水平上的分析能力。
能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物，达到每分钟60-70个词，读后能够理解中心思想及内容。
计时阅读难度略低，生词不超过总词数2%的材料，速度达到每分钟100-120个词，读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。
总阅读量：精读30000个词左右，泛读80000个词左右。
原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》（试行稿）明确指出，阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力，要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时，能够正确地理解材料的意思。
具体而言，阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力：（1）所掌握词汇量的深度和广度，准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力；（2）迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意，并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力；（3）对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力；（4）注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力；（5）领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度，或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。
总之，阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求考生注意文中细节；不但要求对具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理；既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题，又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧考博网编辑整理考博论坛一、事实细节题1．命题规律1）列举处指的是first…,second,…third…等并列关系词出现的部分2）举例和打比方的地方常考3）指示代词出现处常考4）引用人物论断处常考5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考。
破折号，括号，冒号，引号2答题技巧1）针对例子、引言、特殊符号，要对号入座2）针对某一段的内容提问3）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的一般是答案4）选项中较具体和肤浅地表达了字面意思地一般不是答案，而概括性地、抽象、含义深刻地是答案项5）选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的，可能为答案6）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案7）选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案8）细节干扰项特点：与原句内容相反与原文内容一般相同一半不同与原句内容相似但过于绝对化原文没有提到二、判断词汇和短语的意义题1命题规律1）含有指示代词的句中常有被考察词汇2）具体环境中具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇3）一词多义的常见词4）对比处常考5）复杂句常考2应试技巧1）看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系，关系相近符合主题的是答案2）通过连接词关系判断被考词汇含义–And表接近和递进–Or表示相反或进一步解释和说明3）选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案4）利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义5）定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解6）选项内容全面、概括性强的一般是答案三、推理判断题1命题规律1）综合性推论和判断题常会围绕文章出题，归纳篇首、篇尾及段落中的主题句2）合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断段落间的关系3）对支持主题思想的细节部分进行判断推理4）文章和段落的开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常被考5）语义转折处常考2应试技巧1）若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论，那么就只看提干要求做答的那一段2）选项措辞过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项3）合乎常理的选项一般是答案项，照抄原文和对文中做字面解释的则不是答案4）弄清主题思想5）逻辑推理题干扰项特点不是在文章事实基础上进行推理推理过头，概括过度四、主旨大意题1命题规律1）段首、段尾句常考2）特殊标点符号，尤其段首的特殊符号的内容往往表达了作者的论点3）语义转折处，尤其在段首的语义转折处常是考点4）因果句常考2应试技巧1）答案很可能在首尾段2）出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词3）判断选项内容，片面、单一的内容应排除4）主旨大意题干扰项特点只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开的化，或是某一段的内容概括范围太宽无关信息五、观点态度题1命题规律1）涉及文章中心思想处易考2）作者提出观点处易考3）语义转折和强对比处易考4）文章中有复杂句、特殊句型处易考2应试技巧1）辨别文体议论文中心句说明文中立描述性文找暗示性短语和词汇2）分析段落大意，分析文章走向3）区分不同的观点注意直接引语和间接引语In my view,in my opinion,personally,I think,I hold4)分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词褒义词positive,supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring,interesting,humorous,serious,enthusiastic,pleasant,polite,concerned,sober贬义词Disgusted,critical,negative,suspicious, tolerant,worried,pessimistic,depressed, disappointed,ironic,sarcastic,bitter, cynical,sentimental,emotional,angry中性词Indifferent,impassive,uninterested, ambivalent,neutral,impersonal,subjective, objective,informative,impartial,apathetic 文体鉴别词Formal,informal,casual。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——名词(短语)指代题
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨理解文章的基本结构——名词（短语）指代题《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》中对高中英语学业质量水平的要求之一是：能识别语篇的结构，辨识和分析语篇的文本特征及衔接手段，识别语篇为传递意义而选用的主要词汇和语法结构。
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。
信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种：名词（短语）指代题和代词指代题。
本期我们就如何解答名词（短语）指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
解答名词（短语）指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行：①返回原文，找出名词（短语）所在句；②将四个选项代入该名词（短语），看意思是否通顺；③联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的最佳答案。
下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。
例1：（2020年新高考英语全国II卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪).I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.“Please bring that pistol to me,” I said. “I'm going t o put it in my Grandma's Box.”“What's that?” they asked.“It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren,” I replied.“You don't have grandchildren,” someone said.“I don't now,” I replied. “But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.”My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away —since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging....25. What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?A. The student's parent.B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.C. The author's grandchild.D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.【分析】本文是记叙文。
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2020年考博英语阅读解题技巧：指代题
指代题一般是就文中划线的词和句子，实行同义转换，看似简单，但如果想做好必须对相关部分的信息有一个比较准确地理解和把握，
下面就为大家介绍一下指代题的相关知识。
【例举】
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, compani es can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy。
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information：
Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2020 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising
Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry
would get cracking on responding to DNT requests。
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row： It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default。
Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says “They’l l get less meaningful, less targeted ads。
”
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to
tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged： "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
【问题】
“The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to 。
[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers
【解析】
题干和选项译文：
第三自然段的the industry指的是。
A。
线上广告商 B。
电子商务运营商
C。
数字信息分析师 D。
互联网浏览器开发商
答案：D
先看包含题干中词汇的句子：In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry
would get cracking on responding to DNT requests。
在这句
话中已经给出了一条线索：Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA)数
字广告联盟。
往前寻找还有一条线索：Microsoft's Internet
Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT和Google's Chrome
is due to do so this year=互联网浏览器开发商。
选项分析：根据
刚才的线索能够排除的是B和C两个选项，剩下的A线上广告商和D
互联网浏览器开发商。
这里毕竟是相对比较单纯的指代题，所以依据
所见即所得的原则，答案是D。
特别说明：有个问题确实很难绕开：实际上这些浏览器的开发商
本来就是广告商，所以选A和D在实质上是一样的。
这个题目考完之
后很多人都在争论，这也是这么多年来真题中出现的很无厘头的一个
节目，所以选错的同学们不用纠结，这种情况以后应该基本很少出现。
【方法总结】
指代题有两种，一种是代词的指代，一种是名词的指代，例题就
是名词的指代。
往前寻找对应的词，同时能够采取代入法的方式解题，。