2 第2讲 词的增补与省略1

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4-增词法和省略法.ppt.Convertor

4-增词法和省略法.ppt.Convertor

英汉翻译中的增词与减词1、增补词语Amplification英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不同,翻译时不仅可以将词类转译,又可以在词量上进行增减。

按照英语的表达方式,有些词是有其意而无其形的,这种情况在译成汉语时就要增补一些词语,使之符合汉语的表达方式,从而更加通顺地表达原文的思想内容。

当然这种增补不能无中生有,凭空杜撰,而要有一定的根据。

Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability.1.读书服务于乐趣,服务于文采,服务于才干。

2. 读书可以使人从中获得乐趣,可以给人添加文采,可以使人增加才干。

3. 读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。

(王佐良)(1) 增补潜在词I began the book yesterday. 昨天我开始读(写)这本书。

The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies. 美国新任国务卿建议(召开)世界食品资源问题会议。

(2) 增补省略的词1. What an idea?2. What a day!3. “I will make a man of him.”“我要把他培养成一个堂堂的男子汉。

4. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。

5. Such is war: to the victor, the spoils; to the defeated, the costs.战争就是如此:胜利者获得战利品,战败者遭受损失。

(3) 不及物动词增补宾语1. He never drinks before driving. 他开车前从不喝酒。

2. Before liberation, his mother lived on washing. 解放前,他妈妈靠洗衣为生。

英文翻译技巧之增词法与减词法

英文翻译技巧之增词法与减词法

英文翻译技巧之增词法与减词法英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。

增词法与减词法在英汉互译中运用相当广泛,但无论增词还是减词,增减的是词,不是意。

一、增词法所谓增词法,就是在翻译时,为了使译文合乎汉语的习惯和表达规律,为了使意思更加明确,从意义、修辞和句法上需要在译文中适当增添一些虽无其词而有其意的词。

增词译法不是凭空想象,必须增之有道,补之有理。

必要的增词对一个句子起着画龙点睛的作用,准确、通顺和完整地表达原文的内容,避免语义模糊。

例1:Packing together with packaging is designed not only as a form of protection but also a form to facilitate handling, storage, to prevent pilferage and what's more to help promote the sales.译文:包装和包装方法不仅仅是为了保护商品,也是为了便利搬运和库存、防止盗窃,更重要的是,有助于促销。

解析:“protection”此处译作“保护商品”,加了“商品”两字,显然比译作“保护”更好。

1.增加原文中省略的部分英语中有省略现象,译为汉语时往往要根据句法需要补出英文中省略的成分,主要包括回答中的省略、动词的省略及比较句中的省略等;另外,为表示态度、逻辑关系等,也需要加词。

(1)增补回答句中省略的词语1例2:—He doesn’t know, does he?—Yes, he does.译文:——他不知道吧?——不,他知道。

例3:—Did you enjoy your time in Beijing?—Yes, I did.译文:——你在北京过得愉快吗?——是的,我过得很愉快。

(2)增补并列结构中省略的词语例4:On average, the economy performs less well in a president's second term than in his first.That pattern probably does not apply to Mr Obama. Since his first term was so difficult, the next, by rights, ought to be better.译文:一般来说,美国总统第二个任期内的经济不如第一任期。

第二节 增补与省略

第二节 增补与省略

AfterAfter-class exercises: Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of amplification. 1.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 2.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 3.We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.
The price of the products should be set according to the price in the international market. It should be fixed by the two parties at a level that will bring profit to both. 产品价格应该根据国际市场的价格,由 双方共同商定,须照顾到双方的共同利 益。 Part-time waitress applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 应聘业余女服务员者,有工作经验者优 先。
4. She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself. 她总是要花好几个小时为自己盛装打扮, 梳理她乌黑的头发。之后她还常常照着 镜子自我欣赏一番。 5. Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions. 人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改 善生活条件。

第二讲增词法和省略法PPT课件

第二讲增词法和省略法PPT课件

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Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese
Translation增词法在汉英翻译中的运用
搭配性增词
增词法
结构性增词
解释性增词
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搭配性增词
定义
搭配性增词的产生是因为英语和汉语词类不对称所致。如 汉语中存在的量词、助词和语气词等是英语中没有的,在 翻译过程中要根据情况添加。这类增词不影响内容,主要 考虑搭配习惯,故称为搭配性增词。
• Something about music and a coffee break in the afternoon. • 像放背景音乐啦,下午安排工间喝咖啡休息时间什么的。
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3) Supplying Words of Generalization 增加概括词
• Sino-British links have multiplied—— political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
• 中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技等领域的 交往成倍地增加。
• The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
• 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的成就。 • The principal functions that may be performed by vacuum
一棵树
• a flower 一朵花

第2讲 词的增补

第2讲 词的增补

3. 作宾语的代词
请原谅,打断你一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you. you 把这些故事看完以后,用你自己的话讲一遍。 把这些故事看完以后 用你自己的话讲 遍 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
(4)冠词
(1) 耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子用来嗅气味ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ舌 头 来尝滋 头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling , The tongue is used for tasting tasting. (2) 我们对问题要做全面的分析 才能解决得妥当 我们对问题要做全面的分析,才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.
人民犯了法,也要受处罚,也要坐班房,也有死 刑… When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished imprisoned or even sentenced punished, to death; … 过去我们已经多次讲过用民主方法解决人民内部 矛盾这个问题,并且在工作中基本上就是这样 做的,很多干部和人民都在实际上懂得这个问 做的 很多干部和人民都在实际上懂得这个问 题。 …many cadres and many other people … d d h l
乞巧
林杰(唐) 七夕今宵看碧宵, 宵看 宵 牵牛织女渡河桥。 家家乞巧望秋月, 家家乞巧望秋月 穿尽红丝几万条。

翻译技巧之增补与省略 ppt课件

翻译技巧之增补与省略  ppt课件
• To wash before going to bed 睡前洗脚
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②Before the adjectives
• This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是物美价廉。
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③After the abstract nouns
• Tense 紧张
tension 紧张局势
• arrogant 自满
arrogance 自满情绪
• mad 疯狂
madness 疯狂行为
• antagonistic 敌对 antagonism 敌对态度
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• After all preparations were made, the plane took off.
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(3) 省略表示时间的连接词
• John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 火车停了,约翰郁郁地站了起来,因为他 想起了病中的母亲。
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4) 省略冠词
这些发展中国家,地大物博,人口众多。
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• There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead.
天未下雪,但叶落草枯。
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• University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。

第二节 增词法

第二节  增词法

翻译技巧第二节增词法英汉两种语言在词汇、句式和文化等方面的差异显著,在翻译过程中,译者难免要对译文作一些增添或删减。

奈达博士认为,好的译文往往略长于原文,因为原作对于原文读者来说很少有语言文化上的障碍,而译文读者却没有这样的便利。

因此译者往往需要把原文中隐含的一些东西增补清楚,以便读者理解。

例如:(1)The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure.[原译]随着压力,氢分子越来越接近。

[改译]随着压力增加,氢分子越来越接近。

(2)The dust,the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.[原译]烟尘、喧闹声和渐浓的夜色使一切都陷入混乱之中。

[改译]烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈浓,一切都陷入混乱之中。

在这两个例子中,“原译”似乎都与原文一一对应。

但例l中的“原译”含糊不清,让人难解其意。

“改译”增添了“增加”二字起到了画龙点睛的作用,让人茅塞顿开。

同样,例2的“原译”拖泥带水,语义表达不够充分。

“改译”中增加了“滚滚”、“人声”几个词,不仅将原文意思表达得淋漓尽致,而且四字词组的运用也使译文音韵和谐、琅琅上口。

由此可见,翻译上的增词是由于句法、语义或修辞上的需要,也是翻译中必不可少的技巧之一。

一、增加语义上、修辞上需要的词语许多英语句子中虽然并未省略某些成分,但汉译时仍须增补有关词语才能使译文明快达意、文从字顺。

例如:(一)增加名词1. 在不及物动词后面增加名词英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词,有时用作不及物动词;当它们作不及物动词用时,宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的,译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来,否则意思就不够明确。

(1)She often tells his son to wash before meal.她经常告诉儿子吃饭前要洗手。

商务英语翻译—增词与省略

商务英语翻译—增词与省略

中国同世界各国各地区的经济技术交流与合作广泛 开展。 China has engaged in extensive economic and technological exchanges and cooperation with other countries and regions.
二、原文中表示范畴的词
We might not make any headway with your offer.
本公司接受贵公司的报盘,但要求贵公司把装运期提前两个月。
We accept your offer, but demand that you advance the shipment by two months.
话不说。
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
4.增加连词或关系代词
汉语中的词,词组和句子之间的关系往往通过上下文或语序来表
示,较少用连词或关系代词.而英语通常需要用连词关系代词来表明
增词和减词
Amplification and Omission
一、增词法(Amplification)
增词(译)法就是指在翻译时按照句法上的需要在
译文中增加一些原文中虽无但有其意的词。 增译的目的是为了更加忠实通顺地表达原文的内容,
而决不是无中生有地随意增加。
1.增补主语
汉语里无主语的句子相当多,汉译英时 常常要根据上下文的意思选择适当的代 词或名词补出主语。
之间的逻辑关系.因此汉译英时增补的情况很多.例:
酒令智昏
物极必反
• When • Once
wine is in, wit is out.
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第二讲词的增补与省略
Amplification
Grammatical amplification
1. 眉头一皱,计上心来。

Knit your brows and you will hit upon a stratagem.
Amplification for precision of meanings
1. 我不爱喝饮料。

don’t like soft drinks.
Omission
Omission of repetitive words
1. “我没有疯—一点也没有疯!我要你说,我要你告诉他们!这是我与他们算账的最后机会。


No, I’m not mad, not in the least! And now it’s your turn to speak, and tell them all about it—it’s my last chance to get even with them all.
2. 我们应该分析问题,解决问题。

We should analyze and solve problems.
Omission of summary and category words
1. 他脸上的表情,他说话的音调,他的嘴巴,所有这一切都说明,他是一个诚实的人。

His facial expression, his accent and his mouth showed that he was an honest man.
2. 夫妻二人正在街上手拉手散步。

The couple is walking hand in hand in the street.
Omission for rhetorical purposes
1. 我们应广泛地普及科学文化知识。

We should popularize science and culture.
2. 我们缺乏调查研究客观实际状况的浓厚的气氛。

We are lacking in a climate of investigation and study of reality.
课堂练习
1.学生们天天带午饭到学校去吃。

2.耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子是用来嗅气味,舌头是用来尝滋味。

3.要提倡顾全大局。

4.海外侨胞常说:“我们的新永远向着祖国”。

5.比他技术高明一点的人,他叫人家师傅。

6.这真是俗话说的,“旁观者清”。

7.这件事咱们回头再详谈。

8.他把事情一五一十地都给父母说了。

9.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。

10.新老干部要相互学习,相互帮助,取长补短。

11.昨天我没有进城,一来是因为天气不好,二来是因为我不舒服。

12.他们是多年的邻居,一旦分别,不免依依不舍。

参考答案
1 学生们天天带午饭到学校去吃。

The pupils take their lunches to school every day.
2 耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子是用来嗅气味,舌头是用来尝滋味。

The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for eating.
3 要提倡顾全大局。

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
4 海外侨胞常说:“我们的新永远向着祖国”。

The overseas Chinese usually say “our hearts are always towards our motherland.” (have a strong yearning for, our motherland has a good grip on us overseas Chinese)
5 比他技术高明一点的人,他叫人家师傅。

Those whose technical level was higher than his own he addressed as “Masters.”
6 这真是俗话说的,“旁观者清”。

It is just as the proverbs goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game.” (the spectator is in a better position to judge)
7 这件事咱们回头再详谈。

We shall discuss it in detail when we meet again.
8 他把事情一五一十地都给父母说了。

He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened
9 他一开口总是三句话不离本行。

He can hardly open his mouth without talking shop.
10 新老干部要相互学习,相互帮助,取长补短。

Old and new cadres should learn from and help each other, to make up for each other’s deficiencies.
11 昨天我没有进城,一来是因为天气不好,二来是因为我不舒服。

I didn’t go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weather and the fact that I was not feeling well.
12 他们是多年的邻居,一旦分别,不免依依不舍。

After being good neighbours for years, they can’t bear to part from each other.。

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