语法分类练习一:句法篇(二)

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现代汉语语法部分练习,带答案

现代汉语语法部分练习,带答案

“现代汉语语法”练习一、填空1、现代汉语语法的主要性质表现为()、()和()。

2、实词和虚词的重要区别在于:()。

3、代词分为()、()、()。

4、兼语短语是由一个()短语和一个()短语套叠构成的。

5、主谓谓语句是指以()作谓语的句子。

6、一部分不能做谓语但具有分类作用和对立性质的词叫()。

7、划分词类是根据词的语法功能,词的语法功能指的是词的()和词的()。

8、词的分类是逐级进行的,根据能否充当句子成分把词分为()和()两大类9、虚词的特点是:(1)虚词总是()在实词或短语上边,表示一定的语法作用;(2)虚词不能单独充当();(3)虚词在句法结构中的位置比较固定。

10、将结构助词“的”“地”“得”分别填入下边句中的空格内。

(1)他说()我没听清楚。

(2)月亮悄悄()爬上了树梢。

(3)我们按规定作()处理。

(4)高兴()眼泪围着眼圈儿转。

(5)你别说()太过分了。

11、根据句子的()分出的类别叫句类,它包括:()、()、()和()四种;根据句子的()分出的类别叫句型,它可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。

12、“生命之树常青”这一句话中用了比喻,这种比喻属于()。

13、“我最近在读鲁迅”这一句话中用了借代,其借代方式是()。

14、辨别句型:把句型的代号字母填在括号里。

A、连谓句B、兼语句C、双宾句D、主谓谓语句E、主谓短语作宾语(1)他让我骑自行车。

()(2)我每天骑自行车上班。

()(3)他知道我不喜欢挤公共汽车。

()(4)骑自行车我从没出过事。

()15、“向前看”、“向无此例”和“心里向着他”的这三个“向”的词性分别是()、()和()16、指出下列各句中划线的词的词性。

(1)小王曾经跟老张到过俄罗斯。

()(2)小王跟老张都到过俄罗斯。

()(3)小王跟着老张到过俄罗斯。

()(4)他的思想跟不上形势。

()二、单项选择1、句子“这东西你吃过没有?”中“没有”的词性属于()A、动词B、形容词C、副词D、区别词2、下列句子属于连谓谓语句的是()A、他看见了就上前去搀扶她。

语法二参考答案

语法二参考答案

语法二参考答案语法是语言学的一个重要分支,研究语言的结构、形态和规则。

在学习一门语言的过程中,掌握和理解语法是至关重要的。

本文将从几个方面探讨语法的基本概念和常见问题,并给出一些参考答案。

一、语法的基本概念语法是规范语言使用的一套规则,它决定了词汇如何组合成句子,以及句子如何组合成段落和篇章。

语法包括词法、句法和语义三个层面。

1. 词法:词法是研究词汇的形态和构成规则的学科。

在语法中,词法规则决定了一个句子中可以使用的词汇类型和词类,如名词、动词、形容词等。

2. 句法:句法是研究句子结构和句子成分之间关系的学科。

在语法中,句法规则决定了一个句子中各个成分的排列顺序和语法功能,如主语、谓语、宾语等。

3. 语义:语义是研究语言意义的学科。

在语法中,语义规则决定了一个句子的意义和表达方式,如肯定、否定、疑问等。

二、常见语法问题及参考答案1. 主谓一致:主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。

例如:“他们喜欢吃水果。

”中的主语“他们”是复数形式,所以谓语“喜欢”也要用复数形式。

2. 时态和语态:时态和语态是指动词的时间和动作发生者的关系。

例如:“我昨天去了图书馆。

”中的动词“去”是过去式,表示动作发生在过去。

而语态表示动作的执行者和承受者,例如:“这本书被我借走了。

”中的动词“借走”是被动语态。

3. 并列句和复合句:并列句是由两个或多个并列的主谓结构组成,句与句之间用逗号或者连接词连接。

例如:“我喜欢唱歌,她喜欢跳舞。

”而复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。

例如:“他说他会来。

”中的主句是“他说”,从句是“他会来”。

4. 修饰语的位置:修饰语一般位于被修饰词的前面或者后面。

例如:“我买了一本很有趣的书。

”中的修饰语“很有趣”位于被修饰词“书”的后面。

5. 介词的使用:介词是连接词和词组的一种词类,用来表示时间、地点、原因等关系。

例如:“我在学校学习。

”中的介词“在”表示地点关系。

三、语法学习的方法和技巧1. 多读多写:通过大量阅读和写作来巩固语法知识。

第007课:基础语法知识-句法(下)-2

第007课:基础语法知识-句法(下)-2

2016年全国职称英语等级考试(卫生类、理工类、综合类)热身阶段—基础语法知识之句法(下)本节重点内容•句法–句子的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、同位语、定语和状语)句子的结构(简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句)。

句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级,理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题42.Giussan and his team are sure that .A.people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa CruzB.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above averageC.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than those in Santa CruzD.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourishedSure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty(地势极高的) La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.第四段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级,理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题43.It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4that.A.he was very tiredB.the finding was unexpectedC.the study took longer than expectedD.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty(地势极高的) La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.第四段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类B 、C 级,理工类B 级《阅读理解》试题44.The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is .ck of certain nutritionB.poverty of their mothersC.reduction of oxygen levelsD.different family backgroundsThe results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child." says Giussani.第五段句法-复合句-名词性从句-宾语从句2015年卫生类A 级《阅读理解》试题42.Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used.A.to target how the ear worksB.to stimulate sensory cellsC.to amplify sound signalsD.to study the fruit fly The latest research, conducted by Dr. J ōrg T. Albert, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的) cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物) including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.第二段2016年全国职称英语等级考试基础语法知识句法-复合句-名词性从句表语从句句法-复合句-名词性从句-表语从句表语从句是指在表语的位置不出现词或词组,而出现一个句子,这样的句子称为表语从句。

语言学概论分类模拟语法(一)

语言学概论分类模拟语法(一)

语言学概论分类模拟语法(一)语言学概论分类模拟语法(一)一、选择题1. “老人”的“老”和“老师”的“老”都属于语法单位中的______。

A.语素B.词C.词根D.词缀答案:A2. 下列形态属于语法范畴中的“体”的是______。

A.I am coming.B.He writes.C.A tree is broken.D.You shall drink.答案:A3. 确定“忽然”是副词,“突然”是形容词,主要是依据______。

A.词的意义B.词的形态变化C.词的句法功能D.词的意义和形态变化答案:C4. “扮演的是一个年轻人”是一个有歧义的结构,造成歧义的原因是______。

A.层次构造不同C.语义关系不同D.指代关系不同答案:C5. 汉语里有很多主谓结构作谓语的句子,如“大象鼻子很长”等,这种结构成立的原因,是因为有语法结构组合的______。

A.层次性B.递归性C.重复性D.无穷性答案:C6. 下列英、汉短语中,不属于偏正结构的是______。

A.Just left./doc/9c4105508.html,e again.C.塑料杯子D.说清楚答案:D7. 从“我打破了花瓶”变换为“我把花瓶打破了”,使用了______的变换手法。

A.删除B.添加C.替代D.移位答案:BDA.都是词缀B.都是词尾C.“—er”是词缀,“—ed”是词尾。

D.“—er”是词尾,“—ed”是词缀。

答案:C9. 从语言的语法结构类型来看,以下属于黏着语的是______。

A.英语B.俄语C.日语D.汉语答案:C10. 普通话的助词“着、了、过”所表示的语法意义属于语法范畴中的______。

A.时B.体C.态D.人称答案:B11. 下列结构中没有歧义的是______。

A.三个师范大学的学生B.在灯光下慢慢地把纸条展开C.喜欢画画的孩子D.不适当地灌水施肥答案:B12. “世界语”是一种国际辅助语,其创造者是______。

语法分析练习题

语法分析练习题

语法分析练习题语法是语言的规则和结构,它帮助我们准确、清晰地表达思想和交流。

以下是一些语法分析练习题,让我们一起来巩固和提高语法知识吧!一、句子成分分析分析下列句子的成分:1、他在图书馆认真地看书。

“他”是主语,表示动作的执行者;“在图书馆”是状语,说明动作发生的地点;“认真地”是状语,描述动作的状态;“看”是谓语,表达动作;“书”是宾语,是动作的对象。

2、美丽的花朵在风中轻轻摇曳。

“美丽的花朵”是主语,其中“花朵”是中心语,“美丽的”是定语;“在风中”是状语;“轻轻”是状语;“摇曳”是谓语。

3、老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

“老师”是主语;“给我们”是状语;“讲”是谓语;“一个有趣的故事”是宾语,其中“故事”是中心语,“一个”是数量词,“有趣的”是定语。

二、词性判断判断下列词语的词性:1、快乐“快乐”是形容词,通常用来描述人的心情或状态。

2、跑步“跑步”是动词,表示一种运动行为。

3、非常“非常”是副词,用于修饰形容词或动词。

4、这“这”是指示代词,用来指示较近的人或事物。

三、病句修改下面是一些病句,请找出错误并修改:1、我断定他可能生病了。

错误:“断定”表示肯定的判断,“可能”表示不确定,两者矛盾。

修改:我断定他生病了。

2、他经常回忆过去的往事。

错误:“过去的”和“往事”语义重复。

修改:他经常回忆往事。

3、这篇童话对我产生了兴趣。

错误:主客倒置,应该是“我对这篇童话产生了兴趣”。

修改:我对这篇童话产生了兴趣。

四、句式转换将下列句子进行句式转换:1、他把书递给了我。

(改为被字句)书被他递给了我。

2、我们不能忘记老师的教诲。

(改为反问句)我们怎么能忘记老师的教诲呢?3、他跑得很快。

(改为比喻句)他跑得像离弦的箭一样快。

五、标点符号使用判断下列句子标点符号使用是否正确,如果不正确请修改:1、今天的天气真好啊!正确。

2、你喜欢唱歌、跳舞、还是画画?错误,选择问句中,中间的“、”应改为“,”。

修改:你喜欢唱歌,跳舞,还是画画?3、妈妈说:“孩子你要好好学习。

句法应用练习题

句法应用练习题

句法应用练习题一、句法概述在语言学中,句法(Syntax)是研究句子结构、句子成分以及句子之间的关系的学科。

它研究语言中的句子是如何组织和构建的。

二、句法基本概念1. 句子:句子是表达完整意义的基本单位,它通常由主语、谓语和宾语构成。

一个句子可以是简单句,也可以是复合句或并列句。

2. 主语:主语是句子中的核心成分,它通常是一个名词或代词,用来表示动作的执行者或人物。

3. 谓语:谓语是句子中表示动作或状态的核心成分,通常是一个动词。

4. 宾语:宾语是表示动作的承受者或影响对象的成分,通常是一个名词、代词或从句。

5. 状语:状语用来表示动作的方式、时间、地点、程度等,它可以是一个副词、介词短语或从句。

三、句法练习题1. 找出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语:a) 我喜欢看电影。

b) 他们正在读一本有趣的书。

c) 她送给了我一束鲜花。

d) 孩子们在公园里玩球。

2. 根据句子要求,填写合适的状语:a) 他们经常在晚上去散步。

(时间状语:______)b) 她小心地把花放在花瓶里。

(方式状语:______)c) 我们去过一次美丽的海滩。

(地点状语:______)d) 他们非常努力地学习。

(程度状语:______)3. 将下列句子改写为复合句:a) 汤姆爱读书。

b) 他们正在吃饭。

c) 小明喜欢运动。

d) 她帮我洗了衣服。

4. 将下列句子改写为并列句:a) 我喜欢喝咖啡,也喜欢喝茶。

b) 她又聪明又机智。

c) 他们不但唱歌,还跳舞。

d) 我们既学习又工作。

四、答案解析1. 答案:a) 主语:我,谓语:喜欢,宾语:电影b) 主语:他们,谓语:正在读,宾语:一本有趣的书c) 主语:她,谓语:送给了,宾语:我一束鲜花d) 主语:孩子们,谓语:在玩,宾语:球2. 答案:a) 时间状语:经常b) 方式状语:小心地c) 地点状语:一次美丽的海滩d) 程度状语:非常努力地3. 改写为复合句:a) 汤姆爱读书。

→ 汤姆是一个爱读书的人。

语法复习一句子分类

语法复习一句子分类

语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句(一)句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.特点: 用句号结束一个句子2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?疑问句就是问句3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!还有一个结构是用what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。

复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.(二)简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

基础语法-词法、句法及巩固性练习

基础语法-词法、句法及巩固性练习

基础语法-词法、句法及巩固性练习二.五种简单句结构(1)主语—系动词—表语(SVP)如:Yangzhou is a beautiful city. (名词词组充当表语)This idea sounds good. (形容词充当表语)The book is on English grammar. (介词词组充当表语)(2)主语—谓语(SV) 如:Leaves fall in autumn.This horse runs very fast.(3)主语—谓语—宾语(SVO)如:John likes music. (名词充当宾语)They offered to help us. (动词不定式充当宾语)(4)主语—谓语—宾语—补语(SVOC)如:Mary found this story interesting. (形容词充当宾补)Mother asks me to study hard. (动词不定式充当宾补)(5)主语—谓语—宾语(间接)—宾语(直接)The teacher gave Peter some books. (Peter 为间接宾语;some books 为间接宾语)三. 3种句子结构根据结构,英语的句子分为三种:简单句(也称独立句),并列句和主从句。

换句话说,就句子结构而言,英语中的所有句子无非是上述三种句子中的一种。

(1)简单句:是指只有一个完整的主谓结构的句子。

如:The man arrived at the house. (一个主语+一个谓语)The man arrived at the house and knocked at the door. (一个主语+两个谓语)The man and the woman arrived at the house. (两个主语+一个谓语)The man and the woman arrived at the house and knocked at the door.(两个主语+两个谓语)(2)并列句:是指具有两个完整的主谓结构的句子;两个主谓之间通常由并列连词或分号连接。

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句法篇之二:主从复合句(一)名词性从句1. It didn’t surprise us at all ________ he was post to Hong Kong.A) why B) how C) what D) that2. It is pretty well understood ________ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A) that B) that what C) what D) how3. ________ his failure lies is expected ________ clear to us.A) What… to make B) How… madeC) Where… to be made D) Why… making4. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A) If B) Whether C) That D) Where5. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow has kept us all excited the whole day.A) If B) Whether C) That D) Where6. He will tell us ________ he thinks of our arrangement.A) that B) what C) how D) if7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interests.A) whoever B) whomever C) no matter who D) no matter whom E) anyone8. D r. Smith comes from either Yale or Harvard I can’t remember ________.A) where B) there C) which D) that9. You can depend on ________ promise he makes.A) anything that B) which C) whatever D) whose10. – We never know ________ he is.–They say he is a salesman.A) who B) what C) how D) which E) whoever11. The main fact(or)s in human life are five: birth, food, sleep, love and death. (One could increase the number— add breathing for instance— but these five are the most obvious.) Let us ask ourselves ________ our lives.A) they play in what part B) they play what part inC) what part they play in D) in what part they play12. I really don’t see ________.A) what is the fun of playing dead B) what the fun of playing dead isC) what fun to play dead is D) what is the fun to play dead13. A look at recent trends in world fisheries reveals ________ the ocean on a global scale.A) how we have swiftly affected B) that how swiftly we have affectedC) how swiftly we have affected D) however swiftly we have affected14. A little learning is not dangerous so long as you know ________.A) that B) that there is a little C) it is a little D) that it is little15. The reason ________ he referred to for his success is ________ he always working hard.A) why, that B) why, because C) that, that D) that, because16. While teaching students, teachers should take into consideration _________ students develop at different rates.A) the fact that B) since C) as long as D) despite of17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.A) that B) one C) on which D) what18. The Foreign Minister said, ―________ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.‖A) This B) There C) That D) It19. The thought worried him much ________ he might fail in the exam.A) that B) which C) when D) so that20. Now that energy prices are rising so rapidly, further prices are very uncertain, and the risk ________ a new investment depending on them may fail is greater.A) by which B) of C) that D) in that21. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A) that B) which C) in which D) of which22. There’s a feeling in me ________ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever/never.A) that B) which C) of which D) what23. The theory is of great important ________ the hotter a body is, the more it radiates.A) that B) when C) which D) what24. Evidence came up ________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 5 months old.A) that B) whose C) which D) what25. Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted to universities.A) while B) that C) when D) as26. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A) when B) where C) what D) that27. The possibility never occurred to me ________ I would unexpectedly enter such a big band and work in Wall Street.A) when B) that C) / D) how28.Word got around ________ he had resigned his position as secretary of the committee.A) when B) after C) that D) which29. _______ is no possibility ___________ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A) There … that B) It … that C) There …whether D)It … whether30. Her unusual success shows that if someone can do their job really well, then the question ________ male or female is not so important.A) if they are B) of whether they are C) whether they being D) of whether to be(二)状语从句31. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ________ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A) when B) while C) since D) because32. Linda was walking in the street ________ she noticed a thief stealing from a old lady.A) while B) when C) as D) which33. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread inChina’s vast countryside.A) as B) when C) while D) before34. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.A) as B) that C) during D) if35. He was just about to give up and return to his bedroom for a good rest ________ he had a bright idea.A) but B) while C) until D) when36. It was great joy ________ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A) because B) which C) since D) that37. The film brought the hours to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A) until B) that C) when D) where38. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem _____ they themselves couldn't.A) once B) then C) while D) if39. He told me to leave out the articles in this sentence ________ it is possible.A) where B) in which C) that D) what40. You should make it a rule to leave things ________ you can find them again.A) so that B) when C) where D) and then E) there41. There are dirty marks/spots on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.A) where B) in which C) when D) that42. ________ they will not come to join us, we have to change our plan.A) Seeing that B) Supposing that C) For D) WhenE) Granting that F) Providing that G) Considered that H) While43.He got up very early that day ________ he caught the first train.A) in order that B) so that C) in order to D) so as to44. The thought worried him much ________ he might fail in the exam.A) that B) which C) when D) so that45. While teaching students, teachers should take into consideration _________ students develop at different rates.A) the fact that B) since C) as long as D) despite of46. I won’t make up with him ________ he apologizes.A) unless B) lest C) provided D) whereas47. ________ the case is settled out of court, it can often take years before it comes to trial.A) Except that B) Unless C) Until D) But for E) Despite the fact that48. Put on your rain()coat ________ it rains.A) because B) as C) lest D) in case E) in condition49.________ gas leaks and similar accidents should occur, some responsible persons should regularly inspect all the laboratories.A) Unless B) In case C) Provided D) Until50. ________ in one leg, he never had a chance to get a job.A) Weak and lame B) He was weak and lameC) Though weak and lame D) Weak and lame as he was51. The production of television commercials must be professional ________ they aim at promoting good service, or public education.A) when B) no matter C) if D) whether52. The prices have been going up, so that the richer you get, the less rich you are than ________ you think you ought to be.A) that B) / C) what D) which答案:1—5 DCCBC 6—10 BACCB 11—15 CCCDC 16—20 ABDAC 21—25 AAAAB 26—30 DCCAB 31—35 ABBAD 36—40 DCCAC 41—45 AABAA 46—50 ABCBA 51—52 DB。

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