2019年全国II卷高考模拟卷
2019年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 物理——专题09 静电场(原卷版)
专题09 静电场1．（2019·新课标全国Ⅰ卷）最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。
若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N，则它在1 s时间内喷射的气体质量约为A．1.6×102 kg B．1.6×103 kgC．1.6×105 kg D．1.6×106 kg2．（2019·新课标全国Ⅱ卷）静电场中，一带电粒子仅在电场力的作用下自M点由静止开始运动，N为粒子运动轨迹上的另外一点，则A．运动过程中，粒子的速度大小可能先增大后减小B．在M、N两点间，粒子的轨迹一定与某条电场线重合C．粒子在M点的电势能不低于其在N点的电势能D．粒子在N点所受电场力的方向一定与粒子轨迹在该点的切线平行3．（2019·新课标全国Ⅲ卷）如图，电荷量分别为q和–q（q>0）的点电荷固定在正方体的两个顶点上，a、b是正方体的另外两个顶点。
则A．a点和b点的电势相等B．a点和b点的电场强度大小相等C．a点和b点的电场强度方向相同D．将负电荷从a点移到b点，电势能增加4．（2019·北京卷）如图所示，a、b两点位于以负点电荷–Q（Q>0）为球心的球面上，c点在球面外，则A ．a 点场强的大小比b 点大B ．b 点场强的大小比c 点小C ．a 点电势比b 点高D ．b 点电势比c 点低5．（2019·天津卷）如图所示，在水平向右的匀强电场中，质量为m 的带电小球，以初速度v 从M 点竖直向上运动，通过N 点时，速度大小为2v ，方向与电场方向相反，则小球从M 运动到N 的过程A ．动能增加212mv B ．机械能增加22mv C ．重力势能增加232mv D ．电势能增加22mv6．（2019·江苏卷）一匀强电场的方向竖直向上，t =0时刻，一带电粒子以一定初速度水平射入该电场，电场力对粒子做功的功率为P ，不计粒子重力，则P -t 关系图象是7．（2019·江苏卷）如图所示，ABC 为等边三角形，电荷量为+q 的点电荷固定在A 点．先将一电荷量也为+q 的点电荷Q 1从无穷远处（电势为0）移到C 点，此过程中，电场力做功为-W ．再将Q 1从C 点沿CB 移到B 点并固定．最后将一电荷量为-2q 的点电荷Q 2从无穷远处移到C 点．下列说法正确的有A．Q1移入之前，C点的电势为W qB．Q1从C点移到B点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为0C．Q2从无穷远处移到C点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为2WD．Q2在移到C点后的电势能为-4W8．（2019·浙江选考）等量异种电荷的电场线如图所示，下列表述正确的是A．a点的电势低于b点的电势B．a点的场强大于b点的场强，方向相同C．将一负电荷从a点移到b点电场力做负功D．负电荷在a点的电势能大于在b点的电势能9．（2019·浙江选考）电荷量为4×10－6 C的小球绝缘固定在A点，质量为0.2 kg、电荷量为－5×10－6 C的小球用绝缘细线悬挂，静止于B点。
2019届全国高考英语模拟决胜密卷(二)(含答案及解析)
2019届全国高考英语模拟决胜密卷（二）1、 SUPPORT WORKERDo you have the ability to care for others? Can you understand how older people feel? Are you a good communicator? Do you have good listening skills? Can you work weekends?If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you:☆ Starting rate of ￡8.56 per hour☆ Free uniform☆ Excellent trainingcareers@WOWEE MAGAZINE Writers WantedWowee Magazine is looking for writers for its website. Pay is based on the number of people who read your articles. You may also receive free tickets to events and free products to test. This is a great opportunity to get valuable work experience.We want people who are: chatty, interesting, passionate, skilled.Contact us at info@.CALLING ALL MODELSThink you could be a model? If so, we'd like to meet you!Working as a successful fashion model isn't easy but it is very exciting and could be a great opportunity.Girls should be over 16 with a minimum height of 172 cm and boys should have a minimum height of 182cm. If you are under 16 and do not yet have the required height, we would still be interested in meeting you, but you must bring a parent.info@WORK FOR COFFEE BEANSJoin Britain's number one cafe at Coffee Beans, where every cafe has the same aims: to create family-like teams and to give excellent customer service. Join us as a team member—an assistant manager or a cafe manager, depending on your skills and experience.Many different kinds of people come and work with us, so start your career at Coffee Beans today:☆ Choose the hours you work☆ Get management experience☆ Share your love of coffeeJoin us as a Team Member, Assistant Manager of Cafe Manager, depending on your skills and experience.Email us at jobs@.1.Which address should you email at if you want to be a support worker?@B.jobs@C.careers@@2.A writer working for Wowee Magazine can______.A.get a free uniformB.receive free tickets to eventsC.bring a parentD.choose working hours3.What can we learn about the jobs from the job postings?A.The model opportunity is only meant for adults.B.There is no need to be trained as a support worker.C.Employees at Coffee Beans have few management opportunities.D.Applicants to Wowee Magazine are expected to be sociable and enthusiastic.2、Regardless of how fa r we’d like to believe gender(性别) equal ity in the workplace has come, there’s still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A 2018 statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEOs positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.While i t’s not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.In their research, Professor Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed (调查) 2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.Obviously, it’s important to consider individual(个人的) differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competen t boss. So next time you’re hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历) from female candidates a harder look.1.What makes us shocked much at leadership positions?A.Women are worse than men.B.Men take almost all high positions.C.There is a huge gap between genders.D.Women might behave better in every field.2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word ‘‘inherently” in paragraph 4?A.properlyB.potentiallyC.naturallyD.normally3.Which of the following may be the best title of this text?A.How We Can Figure Out The Boss.B.Why Women Are Better Than MenC.Why Women Make Better BossesD.How We Can Tell Gender Difference4.Who might have special interest in this article?A.Job hunters.B.Employers.C.Employees.D.University students.3、On a February afternoon in a classroom, Taylor came face to face with a cow-but it was all in her head.A virtual(虚拟的)reality headset had transported her and her classmates to a farm 250 miles away and for them, the technology means field trips are no longer limited by a bus ride.On any given day, students nationwide walk through fields, dive into deep sea, and observe medical operations by using such headset. It's another way to attract the iPhone generation of students and improve their understanding and their grades.Richard Lamb is a scientist working at Buffalo Science Lab. In the lab, the physical effects of virtual reality become clear as participants experience motion (运动) sickness without m oving. “Some of the research we’re doing has shown that what you experience in virtual reality has very similar responses that you would get if you were doing the actual activity, ” Lamb said.It's unknown how many classrooms have or will adopt the technology, but experts say it's still relatively rare. While individual headsets that require a user’s phone can cost as little as $20 or $30, systems and software for classes will cost thousands of dollars. Early complaints about a lack of good software are fading as more companies enter the market, but the rules for use haven't necessarily caught up with the technology.In New York, virtual lab experiments don’t count toward the state's hands-on lab time requirements. Even so, the sciences are an area w here virtual reality holds particular promise for classrooms. “The big gest impediment is going to be the quality of that experience, and that means how closely it mimics (模仿) the physical world, ” said David Evans, a scientist. “ Doing dangerous things and running into a lot more cases represent a huge learning opportunity.”Lamb agree d. “Too often in schools, when we do things in labs, you mix things together and you get this outcome. And if you don't get that outcome, you did something wrong, but we d on't have enough resources for you to redo it,” he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is on the computer. I don’t have to actually use chemicals.”1.What does a virtual reality headset really help the students do?A.Take some exercise.B.Perform an operation.C.Go for a bus ride.D.Have different experiences.2.The technology is rarely used in classrooms mainly because ________.A.students show little interest in itB.it's too expensive for users to afford itC.supporting software is inaccessible yetD.it's inconvenient to be operated by students3.Which word can replace the underlined wor d “impediment” in Paragraph 5?A.Opportunity.B.Difficulty.C.Surprise.D.Disappointment.4.Which of the following statements do both Lamb and Evans agree with?A.This technology can save students a lot of time.B.This technology is safe when used in experiments.C.This technology can enrich students' learning experiences.D.This technology can produce a better result in real life.4、No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is—who created grammar?Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didn’t know each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn’t simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented.Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense—“ed” ending—may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children havegrammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.1.What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language?A.It was difficult to understand.B.It came from different languages.C.It was created by the landowners.D.It contained highly complex grammar.2.What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?A.No consistent signs were used for communication.B.Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities.C.The hand movements were smoother and more attractive.D.The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.3.Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?A.English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate.B.Children say English past tense differently from adults.C.The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.D.Experts have proven that English was created by children.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Creators of GrammarB.The History of LanguagesC.Why Pidgins Came into BeingD.How Grammar Systems Are Used5、Some Ways to Increase Your Reading SpeedDo you have a lot of reading to do before class tomorrow? Here are some ways to help increase your reading speed.1. Stop the Inner SpeechOne’s inner monologue is an extremely common trait among readers.①__________ It is the biggest obstacle that gets in the way of you being able to increase your reading speed.2. Do Not Reread the Words on the PageYou most likely do this without even realizing that you are doing it, which makes it a bit of a difficult habit to break out of. ②__________ Keep your fingers running back and forth across the page, without stopping or going back.3. Set a GoalHolding yourself accountable will better ensure you stick with your reading and your timer tests. Give yourself a goal of a certain number of pages to read each day/week/etc. , and stick to it. When you reach it, treat yourself. ③__________4. Work on Improving Your VocabularyThink about it: You’re reading along,and then you run into a word you don’t know. Do you skip it?④__________ Do you stop to look it up? If you work on improving your vocabulary, you will know more words. The more words you add to your stock, the faster you read. The faster you read, the more you can read. It may be clear, but it's important.5. Skim the Main Points FirstFinally, when you're in a real time-crunch and need to get something read by tomorrow, take a deep breath and calm down. Open the book, and take some time reading over all the main points. Read the table of contents. Read the subtitles. Read the captions under the diagrams. ⑤__________A. Self-encouragement never hurts anyone!B. Do you try to figure it out by context?C. Your brain still processes information.D. Get an overall feel for the chapter.E. A reader should do more reading.F. The easiest way is to use your finger to guide you along.G. It is the process of speaking the words in your head as you read.6、阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年山东省高考模拟考试语文试题
2019年山东省高考模拟考试第Ⅰ卷（36分）注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用HB或2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、（15分，每小题3分）1．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．斡旋瓶颈毁家纾难殉私枉法B．赋与联袂纵横驰骋怨天忧人C．堕落招揽出奇致胜要言不烦D．影碟绊脚迫不及待谈笑风生2．下列各组句子中标点符号的使用正确的一组是（）A．20年来因为内容一直没变，而且也与国家颁布的新法有抵触，近日，山东省人大开始组织专家对我省的“未成年人保护条例”进行修改。
B．由济南市委宣传部、市文化局共同主办的以迎全运、庆祝建国60周年为主题的群众广场文化活动，将于4月底至10月底举办，启动仪式明日举行。
C．归隐是旧式文人理想中的一种闲适生活——躬耕、沽酒、题诗、作画、对弈……但说起来容易做起来难，古往今来很少有人情愿过这种生活。
D．人的一生中有很多时候都少不了需要通过书面向别人介绍：“我是怎样一个人？”或“我有一个怎样的方案？”这样的问题，因此现代人有更多的理由需要学好语文。
3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）（1）红的、黄的、粉的，各色玫瑰，相继绽放，惹得游人眼里一亮一亮的，美丽的花朵了生活，普通的日子平添了些色彩、滋味和乐趣。
（2）尽管这只是一次，但特警们反应迅速，出击果断，身手敏捷，让我们对济南承办的第十一届全运会开幕式的安保工作充满了信心。
（3）科学传播不可能达到立竿见影的效果，如果谁这样想，谁就会科学，最终将会危害科学。
A．装点演练误解B．装饰演习误解C．装饰演练曲解D．装点演习曲解4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一组是（）A．我们虽然缺乏管理经验，但可以向先进企业学习，起初可能是邯郸学步，但终究会走出自己的路来。
B．股民的心理预期对股市的走向作用很大，去年下半年股市的持续下滑，股民们对国家经济过度悲观的心态起了推波助澜的作用。
2019年最新高考数学模拟试卷 100题1599
2019年高考数学模拟试卷**科目模拟测试考试范围：xxx ；满分：***分；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx学校：__________ 考号：__________注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明一、选择题1．在各项均不为零的等差数列{}n a 中，若2110(2)n n n a a a n +--+=≥，则214n S n --=（ ） A ．2-B ．0C ．1D ．2(2006江西文)2．棱长为2的正四面体的四个顶点都在同一个球面上, 若过该球球心的一个截面如图1,则图中三角形(正四面体的截面)的面积是图1 A ．22 B ．23 C ．2 D ．3 (2006湖南理)3．已知函数11()(sin cos )sin cos 22f x x x x x =+--,则()f x 的值域是(A)[]1,1- (B) ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ (C) ⎡-⎢⎣⎦ (D) 1,⎡-⎢⎣⎦(2006辽宁理)4．已知21i =-，则i(1)=（ ）i i (C)i (D)i （2010安徽文数）(2)2.B5．若曲线12y x -=在点12,a a -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭处的切线与两个坐标围成的三角形的面积为18，则a =( )（A ）64 （B ）32 （C ）16 （D ）8 （2010全国2理10）6．已知等差数列｛a n ｝的公差为2，若a 1，a 3，a 4成等比数列，则a 2等于 （ ）（A ）－4 （B ）－6 （C ）－8 （D ）－107．设等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S n =A , S 2n -S n =B, S 3n - S 2n =C ,则下列各式一定成立的是A.A+B=CB.A+C=2BC.AB=CD.AC=B 28．已知全集U=R ，集合2{|20}A x x x =->，则U A ð等于A ． { x ∣0≤x ≤2}B { x ∣0<x<2}C ． { x ∣x<0或x>2}D { x ∣x ≤0或x ≤2}（2009福建卷理）9．椭圆短轴长是2，长轴是短轴的2倍，则椭圆中心到其准线距离是（ ）A ．43B ．554C ．358D ．334（2000京皖春，9）第II 卷（非选择题）。
新高中地理高考专题14 区域可持续发展、地理信息技术-2019年高考真题和模拟题分项汇编地理(原卷版
专题14 区域可持续发展、地理信息技术【2019年高考真题】（2019年新课标全国卷Ⅱ）【区域城市化】在城镇化进程中，城市人口、土地利用和产业需要协调发展。
根据协调发展水平，将长江三角洲城市群的城市由高到低分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个等级类型。
图1为2001年至2016年长江三角洲城市群的城市协调发展水平变化，图2示意长江三角洲城市群的范围及城市分布。
据此完成1～3题。
1．2016年协调发展水平Ⅰ型中的多数城市A．海港规模大B．沿长江分布C．集聚长江口D．行政等级较高2．以上海为核心，协调发展水平Ⅳ型的城市，在空间分布上呈现A．均衡性B．边缘性C．集中性D．对称性3．与2001年相比，2016年协调发展水平上升的城市，多数与上海A．空间位置邻近B．发展模式相同C．城市性质相似D．产业部门接近（2019年新课标全国卷Ⅱ）【土地荒漠化】霍林河发源于大兴安岭，为山前半干旱区及部分半湿润区的平原带来了流水及泥沙。
受上游修建水库和灌溉的影响，山前平原河段多年断流。
断流期间，山前平原上的洼地增多增大。
据此完成11题。
11．伴随着洼地增多增大，周边地区可能出现A．水土流失B．沼泽化C．土地沙化D．盐碱化（2019年天津卷）【湿地】天津滨海新区发挥临海优势，采取多种举措，促进区域可持续发展。
读图文材料，回答1～2题。
2．政府有关部门在沿海滩涂上放置人工礁石，引种盐生植物（见图2），其目的主要是A．保护海岸，净化海水B．恢复生态，美化环境C．增加湿地，吸引鸟类D．开发滩涂，海水养殖（2019年江苏卷）【流域的开发与治理】图8为“黄河干流主要水文站分布和年输沙量比较图”。
读图回答17～18题。
17．与多年平均输沙量相比，1987~2015年潼关站输沙量急剧减少的主要原因是其以上流域①引水灌溉，减少泥沙下泄②削山平地，减小坡面径流③保持水土，减少泥沙流失④气候变暖，降低暴雨强度A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④18．2016年以后，黄河下游输沙量较中游明显减少的主要影响因素是A．地形起伏B．流域面积C．兴修水库D．水土保持（2019年北京卷）【区域经济发展】读图3，回答第5题。
2019年全国高考语文模拟试卷二附答案
2019年高考语文模拟试卷二一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1——3题文艺是一种表现而不是一种卖弄。
表现的理想是文情并茂，“充实而有光辉”，虽经苦心雕琢，却是天衣无缝，自然熨贴，不现勉强作为痕迹。
一件完美的艺术品像一个大家闺秀，引人注目而却不招邀人注目，举止大方之中仍有她的贞静幽闲，有她的高贵的身份。
艺术和人一样，有它的品格，我们常说某种艺术品高，某种艺术品低，品的高低固然可以在多方面见出，最重要的仍在作者的态度。
品高的是诚于中，形于外，表里如一的高华完美。
品低的是内不充实而外求光辉，存心卖弄，像小家娼妇涂脂抹粉，招摇过市，眉挑目送的样子。
文艺的卖弄有种种方式。
最普遍的是卖弄词藻，只顾堆砌漂亮的字眼，显得花枝招展，绚烂夺目，不管它对于思想情感是否有绝对的必要。
从前骈俪文犯这毛病的最多，现在新进作家也有时不免。
其次是卖弄学识。
文艺作者不能没有学识，但是他的学识须如盐溶解在水里，尝得出味，指不出形状。
有时饱学的作者无心中在作品中流露学识，我们尚不免有“学问汩没性灵”之感，至于有意要卖弄学识，如暴发户对人夸数家珍，在寻常人如此已足见趣味低劣，在文艺作品中如此更不免令人作呕了。
过去中国文人犯这病的最多，在诗中用僻典，谈哲理，写古字，都是最显著的例。
新文学作家常爱把自己知道比较清楚的材料不分皂白地和盘托出，不管它是否对于表现情调、描写人物或是点明故事为绝对必需，写农村就把农村所有的东西都摆进去，写官场也就把官场所有的奇形怪状都摆进去，有如杂货店，七零八落的货物乱堆在一起，没有一点整一性，连比较著名的作品如赛珍珠的《大地》，吴趼人的《二十年来目睹之怪现状》之类均不免此病，这也还是卖弄学识。
第三是卖弄才气。
文艺作者固不能没有才气，但是逞才使气，存心炫耀，仍是趣味低劣。
像英国哲学家休谟和法国诗人魏尔兰所一再指示的，文学不应只有“雄辩”（eloquence），而且带不得雄辩的色彩。
2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟英语试卷(仿真训练卷(二))-学生用卷
2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟英语试卷（仿真训练卷（二））-学生用卷一、阅读理解（共10小题，每小题2.5分，共25分）1、【来源】 2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（A篇）第21~23题7.5分Running a marathon is not easy. It takes hard work, practice, and patience. After all, to run a marathon, you have at run 26.2 miles by foot! Think about it this way: 26. 2 miles is the same as running the length of a football field more than460 times. It takes most people four or five hours to finish.By the age of 30, Lea Tambellini had run more than five marathons and had no plans to stop. She had always been an athlete. When she was in high school, she swam on her school's swim team and ran to stay healthy and active. Her mom and dad ran marathons, and when she was 22, they helped her train for her first marathon.Lea's first marathon took place in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was called "The Flying Pig". "I was very nervous" she said, "but I had my mom there, so that helped. "Running the race was hard, but the hardest part was when she ran past a cookie factory and smelled cookies at mile 18."I just wanted to be done, "she said. "TAL#NBSP I was spent, but my mom kept me going. It was already her 15th marathon."Today, thousands of people run marathons every year. Runners train for months to get ready. 'To prepare for one of the marathons, Lea ran four to five times every week. On weekdays, she completed shorter runs, five or six miles at most. But on the weekends she ran long distances-13 miles, 15 miles, and 20 miles!"I don't mind training because I get excited about working toward something. And I love running with a group of friends and working toward the goal together. But it does take a lot of time."Running a marathon is a great achievement. "It's a great feeling of accomplishment and nothing feels as wonderful as reaching my goal when I cross the finish line, " Lea explained."I can't wait for the next one!"(1) What contributed to Lea becoming a marathon runner?A. Her great patience and life ambition to be a successful athlete.B. Her strong interest in swimming and long-distance running.C. Her athletic experience and her parents' guidance.D. Her love for running with friends and achieving a goal together.(2) What does Lea mean by saying "I was spent" in Paragraph 3?A. I was extremely exhausted.B. I felt like quitting my sporting career.C. I was feeling increasingly nervous.D. I was overcome by hunger.(3) How did Lea's feeling of running a marathon change over they ears?A. From curiosity to enthusiasm.B. From nervousness to excitement.C. From thrill to boredom.D. From delight to disappointment.2、【来源】 2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（B篇）第24~27题10分2018年浙江绍兴柯桥区高三二模第27~30题10分(每题2.5分)Kids naturally need unstructured time to play, to discover their own interests, to goof around（混时间）, or to try things out. Some kids in our society have almost no time left to themselves, often because their parents are overscheduled themselves, or their parents are so concerned about kids' achievements that the kids are constantly doing some structured activities. Some parents want their kids to constantly be working on their personal portfolios（文件包） so they can get into college, prep school or preschool. But if kids don't have any down time, they'll burn out quickly.You'd be amazed at how much kids mature, learn and improve when they are given time to just be. Kids need to learn what it is like to be bored and how to entertain themselves. They need time to play with all of those presents they just got from the holiday. They need to make mistakes on their own, discover new ways to do things and nurture their interests and talents. This is called learning.In our house, eating, sleeping mostly）, and a few chores and schoolwork are fairly structured. There are occasional errands and playdates, appointments and scout meetings. But most days, our kids have several hours in which they choose what to do. We guide them toward positive ways to spend time, but for the most part, they get to choose. I think this is a healthy thing.I won't go so far as to say that parents who overschedule their kids are stealing their kids' childhoods. I'm sure those kids are getting to do some great things that not every other kid gets to do. But the kids are missing out on a vital piece of childhood: running amok （横冲直撞）, not necessarily running all over town on their own, but having time that is theirs, that they get to organize and fill. Kids need to learn how to make choices and learn about the bad and good consequences that come along with their choices.(1) Why are the kids constantly doing some structured activities?A. They like structured activities very much.B. Their parents expect them to achieve more.C. Their parents are worried about their safety.D. Structured activities suit children's interests.(2) Which of the following sayings can convey the closest meaning of the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?A. No pains, no gains.B. Look before you leap.C. Honesty is the best policy.D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.(3) In the writer's opinion, the kids.A. should be guided to learnB. should do some great thingsC. should have time that is theirsD. should be allowed to run all over town(4) The main purpose of the passage is to.A. concern the healthy growth of kidsB. provide evidence of how kids liveC. criticize parents on unwise parentingD. give a lecture on kids' time management3、【来源】 2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟（C篇）第28~30题7.5分Do we organize our thoughts in different ways because of the culture we belong to? If it is so, how can we describe those differences?The idea of different "cultural thought patterns" was first put forward by an American professor, Robert Kaplan, in the 1960s. He had been looking at the writing style of non-native students at his university in California. He found that the writing style changed systematically, according to the cultural origins of the students.For example, in his opinion, native speakers of English usually went "straight to the point" However, speakers of Semitic languages（such as Arabic and He brew）kept back tracking, and then returned to the point. Speakers of oriental languages （such as Chinese）were likely to approach the topic only little by little, as if they were moving around it in circled. Speakers of Romance languages（such as French and Spanish）were likely to stay away from the point, making it harder for readers to follow. Speakers of slap languages（such as Russian）often included ideas which didn't seem to be connected in any way to the development of the article.This view attracted a lot of attention as soon as it was expressed. People said it was not based on enough evidence at all, and it was TAL#NBSP biased because it was in supports English（which seemed to offer the "most useful" way of presenting the point of view）. Russian students, in particular, did not agree with the idea Kaplan had of them.But Kaplan's work at least reminded us that people from different cultural backgrounds do have different ways of presenting ideas, or telling stories, and that, even if these differences are difficult, and perhaps impossible to sort out, just knowing that they exist can help us to understand and appreciate each other better.(1) What is the author' s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?A. To present his own idea.B. To introduce Robert Kaplan.C. To draw readers to the topic.D. To provide examples of the topic.(2) What does the underlined word "biased" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Wrong.B. Usual.C. Direct.D. Humorous.(3) Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Thinking across culturesB. Skills for speaking wellC. Reading between linesD. Differences in cultures.二、七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）4、【来源】 2019年浙江高三上学期高考模拟第31~35题10分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年高考全国统一考试理综模拟试卷5套(含解析)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟卷理科综合能力测试本试卷共16页，38题（含选考题）。
全卷满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1、答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3、非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。
答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
5、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12N 14O 16P 31S 32 Cl 35.5Mn 55第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.埃博拉病毒（EBV）为单股负链（－RNA）病毒，其蛋白质外壳内包裹有RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶。
该病毒侵入人体细胞后，在细胞质中复制、装配，然后以出芽方式释放，如图所示。
下列相关叙述错误的是A.过程①、②需要RNA 依赖性RNA 聚合酶和核糖核苷酸B.RNA 依赖性RNA聚合酶是在埃博拉病毒内合成的C.＋RNA 为mRNA，能指导EBV蛋白质的合成D.子代EBV的释放过程体现了细胞膜的流动性【答案】B【解析】图中过程①、②是两种RNA相互生成的过程，需要RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶和核糖核苷酸，A正确；RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶的化学本质是蛋白质，是在宿主细胞内的核糖体中合成的，B错误；过程③表示以＋RNA即mRNA为模板翻译形成相应的蛋白质（EBV蛋白质）的过程，C正确；EBV的释放过程体现了细胞膜具有流动性，D正确。
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绝密★启封前2019普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合化学部分测试卷（新课标II）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1C-12 O-16 Zn-65Cu-64Ag-108 Cl—35.5第Ⅰ卷（选择题共42分）一、单项选择题(本题共7小题,每小题6分，请将正确答案的选项涂在答题卡上)7.人们的生产生活与化学息息相关，下列说法正确的是（）A.复旦大学研究的能导电、有润滑作用的二维材料二硫化钼是一种新型有机功能材料B．“投泥泼水愈光明”中蕴含的化学反应是炭与灼热水蒸气反应得到两种可燃性气体C．“一带一路”被誉为现代“丝绸之路”。
丝绸来自合成纤维，主要含C，H，O，N元素D．“以火烧之，紫青烟起，乃真硝石也”，古人鉴别硝石(KNO3)与朴硝(NaNO3)的方法利用了二者化学性质不同8．N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（）A．标准状况下，2.24L己烷在氧气中完全燃烧，得到0.6N A个CO2分子B．25℃时，1L0.1mol·L-1CH3COOH溶液中所含的H+数目为0.1 N AC．常温常压下，1.4gN2与CO的混合气体中所含原子总数为0.1 N AD．50mL12mol·L-1的浓盐酸与足量MnO2反应，转移的电子数为0.3 N A9．短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，X原子核外最外层电子数是其电子层数的2倍，X、Y的核电荷数之比为3∶4,W的最外层为7电子结构。
金属单质Z在空气中燃烧生成的化合物可与水发生氧化还原反应。
下列说法正确的是（）A．四种元素W的金属性最强B．原子半径大小：X＜Y，Z>WC．Z2Y 和ZWY3形成的化合物种类相同D．W单质的制备实验室常常选用电解的方法10.咖啡酸具有止血功效，存在于多种中药中，其结构简式如下图，下列说法不正确的是（）A．咖啡酸可以发生取代、加成、氧化、酯化、加聚反应B．1mol 咖啡酸最多能与5 mol H2反应C．咖啡酸分子中所有原子可能共面D．咖啡酸含有三种官能团11．混合动力汽车（HEV）中使用了镍氢电池，其工作原理如图所示：其中M为储氢合金，MH为吸附了氢原子的储氢合金，KOH溶液作电解液．关于镍氢电池，下列说法不正确的是（）A．充电时，阴极附近pH降低B．电动机工作时溶液中OH﹣向甲移动C．放电时正极反应式为：NiOOH+H2O+e﹣═Ni（OH）2+OH﹣D．电极总反应式为：MH+NiOOH M+Ni（OH）212．根据下列有关实验操作、现象，得出的结论或解释正确的是（）13．常温下，向10 mL 0.1 mol·L－1的HR溶液中逐滴滴入0.1 mol·L－1的NH3·H2O溶液，所得溶液pH及导电性变化如图。
下列分析正确的是A．b～c溶液中所有离子浓度都减小B．b点溶液pH＝7，说明NH4R没有水解C．c点溶液中存在c(R－) > c(NH4+)、c(H＋)> c(OH－)D．a～b导电能力增强，说明HR为弱酸第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共58分）二、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分，第22题-第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答；第33题-第38题为选考题，考生根据需求作答。
26．（14分）半导体工业需要高纯硅，粗硅中含有SiO2、Fe2O3、CuO、C等杂质，提纯硅的方法比较多，其中三氯氢硅(有一定毒性)氢还原法和四氯化硅氢还原法应用较为广泛，下面是实验室模拟工业上三氯氢硅氢还原法的基本原理：已知：①Si+3HCl SiHCl3+H2(主要反应)Si+4HCl SiCl4+2H2(次要反应)2NaCl+H2SO4(浓)Na2SO4+2HCl↑②典型硅的重要化合物的部分性质如下表：(1)粗硅在提纯前，需要进行酸、碱预处理，其目的是___________________________________。
(2)下列装置在实验室可用于制备HCl气体的是_____(填字母代号)。
(3)在1100～1200℃条件下，利用图B在石英管中可以获得硅，写出该反应的方程式_______；其烧杯中水的作用是__________________________；该装置使用石英管而不是普通玻璃管的原因是_________。
(4)三氯氢硅氢还原法用SiHCl3在图B中制硅，不足之处有_______________(任意回答一点即可)。
(5)SiCl4与氢气反应也能得到硅，但反应所需温度不同，在工业上往往将三氯氢硅中混入的SiCl4分离后再与氢气反应，你认为最好的分离方法是______________。
(6)工业上如果用四氯化硅氢还原法制硅，其原理如下：该方法与用三氯氢硅氢还原法比较，其缺点至少有两处，分别是_________________。
27．（15分）以天然气为原料合成甲醇。
有关热化学方程式如下:①2CH4(g)+O2(g)=2CO(g)+4H2(g) ΔH1=-70.8 kJ·mol-1②CO(g)+2H 2(g)CH3OH(g)ΔH2③2CH 4(g)+O2(g)2CH3OH(g) ΔH3=-251.0 kJ·mol-1（1）ΔH2=____kJ·mol-1。
（2）在恒容密闭容器里，按物质的量比1:1加入一定量的碳和水蒸气反应生成水煤气。
一定条件下达到平衡，当改变反应的某一条件时，下列变化能说明平衡一定向正反应方向移动的是_________。
（填序号）A.正反应速率先增大后减少B.化学平衡常数K减少C.再加入一定量碳D.反应物气体体积分数增大(3)在体积可变的密闭容器中投入1 mol CO和2 mol H2,在不同条件下发生反应: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)。
实验测得CH3OH的物质的量随温度、压强的变化如图所示。
①该反应自发进行的条件是 _____________（填“低温”、“高温”或“任意温度”）②506 K时，反应平衡时H2的转化率为___；压强:p1_____(填“>”“<”或“=”) p2。
③反应速率:N点v正(CO)____(填“>”“<”或“=”)M点v逆(CO)。
④若压强为p1、在1 L恒容密闭容器中进行上述反应(起始投料不变),在不同温度下上述反应的平衡常数的对数(lg K)如图所示。
则温度为506 K时,平衡常数K=____(保留三位小数),B、C、D、E四点中能正确表示该反应的lg K与T的关系的点为____。
28．（14分）高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)是一种集氧化、吸附、絮凝于一体的新型多功能水处理剂，其生产工艺如下：（1）反应①应在温度较低的情况下进行。
因在温度较高时KOH与Cl2反应生成的是KClO3。
写出在温度较高时KOH与Cl2反应的化学方程式_________________________________，该反应的氧化产物是_______________。
（2）在溶液Ⅰ中加入KOH固体的目的是________________ （填编号）。
A．与溶液Ⅰ中过量的Cl2继续反应，生成更多的KClOB．KOH固体溶解时会放出较多的热量，有利于提高反应速率C．为下一步反应提供碱性的环境D．使KClO3转化为KClO（3）从溶液Ⅱ中分离出K2FeO4后，还会有副产品KNO3、KCl，则反应③中发生的离子反应方程式为_______________________________________________。
（4）如何判断K2FeO4晶体已经洗涤干净______________________________。
（5）高铁酸钾（K2FeO4）作为水处理剂的一个优点是能与水反应生成胶体吸附杂质，配平该反应的离子方程式：___________FeO42-＋____H2O — ____Fe（OH）3（胶体）＋____O2↑＋____OH－。
36．（15分）有机物分子中与“”相连的碳原子上的氢活性较大，可以与甲醛或卤代烃等发生反应．已知：①②有机物 J 是重要的工业原料，其合成路线如下（部分产物和反应条件略）：（1） A 中所含官能团的名称是_________．（2）A→B 的反应类型是________反应．B→C 的反应方程式_____________．（3） G 俗称缩苹果酸，与 B 以物质的量之比 1：2 反应，则G+B→H 的化学方程式是__________．（4） D 的分子式为 C5H10O4，若一次取样检验 D 的含氧官能团，按顺序写出所用试剂________．（5）已知 E 中只有一种官能团，且核磁共振氢谱显示其分子中有两种不同化学环境的氢．则下列说法正确的是___________（填序号）．a．E 与 B 互为同系物 b． E 中含有的官能团是醚键c．F 在一定条件下也可转化为 E d． F 中也有两种不同化学环境的氢（6）J 的结构简式是________． J 的同分异构体 X 属于芳香族化合物， 1mol X 分别与足量 Na 或 NaOH 反应时的物质的量之比是 1：4 和 1：1，且苯环上只有一种一氯代物．写出符合上述所有条件的 X 的一种结构简式__________．。