复旦大学英语水平测试大纲
2020年复旦大学外国留学生本科生入学考试大纲英语
2020年复旦⼤学外国留学⽣本科⽣⼊学考试⼤纲英语2020年复旦⼤学外国留学⽣本科⽣⼊学考试⼤纲英语⼀．考试⽬标英语考试旨在测试考⽣的英语基础知识、语⾔的运⽤能⼒。
其中，侧重语⾔运⽤能⼒的考核。
英语基础知识包括词汇、句型、语法和习惯⽤法等语法知识。
语⾔运⽤能⼒指考⽣能在语篇中正确运⽤词汇、语句获取并理解信息的能⼒；表达思想、传递信息的能⼒。
⼆．考试内容和要求（⼀）词汇参照上海教育考试院的《⾼考英语词汇⼿册》（⼆）语法1．词法a. 名词名词的复数构成规则变化eg. pupil-----pupils, box-----boxes, bus-----buses, dish-----dishes watch-----watches, factory-----factories, wolf-----wolves piano-----pianos, tomato-----tomatoes etc.不规则变化eg. man-----men, child-----children, fish-----fish, foot-----feet, ox-----oxen etc.专有名词eg. Alan, the United Nations, the Philippines etc.不可数名词eg. paper, ink, cotton, cloth etc.名词数量表达法eg. a piece of chalk/paper/furniturea glass of water/beera cup of coffee/teatwo pounds of sugar etc.名词所有格eg. the teachers’ office , Jane’s brother, a friend of mineb. 代词⼈称代词（主格和宾格）：I /you/he/she/it/we/they/me/him/her/them etc.物主代词：形容词性的物主代词my/your/his/her/its/our/名词性的物主代词mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs etc.指⽰代词this/that/these/those etc.疑问代词what/which/who/whose etc.不定代词some/any/other/another/each/alleveryone/everybody/everythingnobody, nothing, noneboth/neither/eitherone/oneslittle/a little/few/a fewmany/much/a lot etc.反⾝代词myself/yourself/himself/herself/itselfourselves/yourselves/themselves关系代词who/that/which/whom/whose/as etc.连接代词that/what etc.it 的⽤法作代词“它”表⽰时间、天⽓、距离作形式主语作形式宾语⽤于强调句c.冠词(a/an/the基本⽤法)d. 数词基数词和序数词的构成及⽤法分数的表达,倍数的表达及⽤法时间、年代、年龄表⽰法e. 形容词和副词形容词和副词⽐较级和最⾼级的构成⼏种⽐较结构：as…as/not as…as/not so…as⽐较级+thanthe+最⾼级…in/of…f. 介词常⽤介词和介词短语g. 连词并列连词和从属连词并列连词: and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, either…or, neither…nor…, but, yet, however, otherwise, nevertheless etc.从属连词: that, whether, if, when, since, unless, after, before, until, once, as soon as, whoever, where, wherever, why, as if etc.h. 动词动词的种类：实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）、系动词、助动词、情态动词时态：⼀般现在时、⼀般将来时、⼀般过去时、将来进⾏式、将来完成式、现在完成时、现在完成进⾏时、现在进⾏时、过去将来时、过去完成时、过去完成进⾏时、过去进⾏时语态：主动语态被动语态动词的⾮谓语：分词（作定语、表语、宾语补⾜语、状语；否定式、完成式、被动式）eg. The sleeping baby is in its mum’s arm.（作定语）America is a developed country. （作定语）The story sounds interesting. (作表语)The boy felt excited when hearing the news. (作表语)I heard someone singing the song in the next room.(作宾语补⾜语)I saw the cat beaten by its owner. (作宾语补⾜语)Hearing the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save thedrowning boy. (作状语)Seen from a distance, the mountain looks like a tortoise. (作状语)动名词（作主语、宾语、表语、定语；否定式、完成式、被动式）eg. Seeing（作主语）is believing（作表语）.It is no good jogging right after the meal.（作主语）I don’t like riding the bike on a rainy day. (作宾语)No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. (作定语)不定式（作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补⾜语、定语、状语；否定式、完成式、被动式、与疑问词连⽤）eg. To have an apple a day is good for health. （作主语）It’s good for health to have an apple a day.（作主语）It began to snow. （作宾语）His aim is to become a surgeon one day.（作表语）The doctor advised him to give up smoking.（作宾语补⾜语）I want something to eat.（作定语）She went to see the film with her boy friend yesterday evening.（作状语）He didn’t know how to start the engine.(与疑问词连⽤）2．句法a. 句⼦种类陈述句疑问句----- ⼀般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句祈使句感叹句b. 句⼦类型简单句并列句复合句状语从句定语从句宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句三．考试题型及分值试卷分为4部分：语法与词汇、填空、阅读、写作。
复旦大学英语水平测试样卷
复旦大学英语水平测试样卷1（2020年修订版）Part I Listening (25%)Section A Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage twice. It will be read at the normal speed with a 30-second pause afterwards. You are required to fill in the blanks numbered from L1 to L7 with the exact word or words you have heard and type them in the corresponding blanks provided on the computer screen.The strong emphasis on educational achievement in China, Japan and other parts of South East-Asia may be (L1) __________ at a heavy price. Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost 9 out of 10 students—with 1 in 5 at serious risk of visual impairment and (L2) __________. The scientists say that young people need up to 3 hours a day of outdoor light—but many (L3) __________ are also missing out as they nap around lunch time. Dr. Ian Morgan is the (L4) __________ author of the study: “I think what's happened in East Asia is we've got a double whammy (打击). We've got the massive educational pressures and we've got the construction of a child's day in a way that really minimises the amount of time they spend outside in bright light.”The scientists say that (L5) ____________________, long thought to play a big role in short sightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with (L6) _________________________________________, all of whom are now suffering high levels of myopia(近视). The authors suggest that (L7) _________________________________________by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.Section B Multiple Choice Questions Based on ConversationsDirections:In this section, you will hear two conversations only once. Listen carefully and choose the best answer for each question from the choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation One1.The second speaker mentions all the following as a possible sign of heatstroke inpets except _______________.A)diarrhea1本套样卷包含锚题。
复旦大学mse2016大纲
考试题型：概念问答题、实践案例题总分：50分一、软件过程软件过程的概念；经典软件过程模型的特点（瀑布模型、增量模型、演化模型、统一过程模型）；过程评估与CMM/CMMI的基本概念；敏捷宣言与敏捷过程的特点。
二、软件需求软件需求的概念；需求工程的基本过程；分层数据流模型；用例和场景建模及其UML表达（用例图、活动图、泳道图、顺序图）；数据模型建模及其UML表达（类图）；行为模型建模及其UML表达（状态机图）。
三、软件设计与构造软件体系结构及体系结构风格的概念；设计模式的概念；模块化设计的基本思想及概念（抽象、分解、模块化、封装、信息隐藏、功能独立）；软件重构的概念；软件体系结构的UML建模（包图、类图、构件图、顺序图、部署图）；接口的概念；面向对象设计原则（开闭原则、Liskov替换原则、依赖转置原则、接口隔离原则）；内聚与耦合的概念、常见的内聚和耦合类型。
四、软件测试软件测试及测试用例的概念；单元测试、集成测试、确认测试、系统测试、回归测试的概念；调试的概念、调试与测试的关系；测试覆盖度的概念；白盒测试、黑盒测试的概念；代码圈复杂度的计算方法；白盒测试中的基本路径测试方法；黑盒测试中的等价类划分方法。
第二部分计算机系统基础考试题型：问答、分析、编程总分：40分一、处理器体系结构内容：CPU中的时序电路、单周期处理器的设计、流水线处理器的基本原理、Data Hazard的处理、流水线设计中的其他问题二、优化程序性能内容：优化程序性能、优化编译器的能力和局限性以及表示程序性能、特定体系结构或应用特性的性能优化、限制因素、确认和消除性能瓶颈三、存储器结构及虚拟存储器内容：局部性、存储器层级结构、计算机高速缓存器原理、高速缓存对性能的影响、地址空间、虚拟存储器、虚拟内存的管理、翻译和映射、TLB、动态存储器分配和垃圾收集四、链接、进程及并发编程内容：静态链接、目标文件、符号和符号表、重定位和加载、动态链接库、异常和进程、进程控制和信号、进程间的通信、进程间信号量的控制、信号量，各种并发编程模式，共享变量和线程同步，其他并行问题五、系统级I/O和网络编程内容：I/O相关概念、文件及文件操作、共享文件、网络编程、客户端-服务器模型，套接字接口、HTTP请求，Web服务器第三部分数据结构与算法考试题型：问答、分析、编程总分：60分一、栈（Stack）、队列（Queue）和向量（Vector）内容:单链表,双向链表,环形链表,带哨兵节点的链表;栈的基本概念和性质,栈ADT及其顺序,链接实现;栈的应用;栈与递归;队列的基本概念和性质,队列ADT及其顺序,链接实现;队列的应用;向量基本概念和性质;向量ADT及其数组、链接实现;二、树内容: 树的基本概念和术语;树的前序,中序,后序,层次序遍历;二叉树及其性质;普通树与二叉树的转换;树的存储结构,标准形式;完全树(complete tree)的数组形式存储;树的应用,Huffman树的定义与应用;三、查找(search)内容: 查找的基本概念;对线性关系结构的查找,顺序查找,二分查找;Hash查找法,常见的Hash函数(直接定址法,随机数法),hash冲突的概念, 解决冲突的方法(开散列方法/拉链法,闭散列方法/开址定址法),二次聚集现象;BST树定义,性质,ADT及其实现,BST树查找,插入,删除算法;平衡树(AVL) 的定义,性质,ADT及其实现,平衡树查找,插入算法,平衡因子的概念;优先队列与堆,堆的定义,堆的生成,调整算法;范围查询;四、排序内容: 排序基本概念;插入排序,希尔排序,选择排序,快速排序,合并排序,基数排序等排序算法基本思想,算法代码及基本的时间复杂度分析五、图内容：图的基本概念;图的存储结构,邻接矩阵,邻接表;图的遍历,广度度优先遍历和深度优先遍历;最小生成树基本概念,Prim算法,Kruskal算法;最短路径问题,广度优先遍历算法,Dijkstra算法,Floyd算法;拓扑排序。
复旦大学英语水平考试笔试样卷
Fudan English Test(Paper A, June 27, 2011 )Part I Listening (20 minutes)Section A Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage twice. The passage is printed on the first page of the Answer Sheets with eight blanks. It will be read at the normal speed with a 30-second pause afterwards. You are required to fill in the blanks numbered from L1 to L8 with the exact word or words that are missing.Section B Multiple Choice Questions Based on ConversationsDirections: In this section, you will hear several conversations only once. After each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the questions together with the choices marked A), B), C) and D), and choose the best answer for each question. Then mark the corresponding letter on the first page of the Answer Sheets.Conversation One1. According to Dr. Peterson, what can stress do to us in the short term?A) It deprives us of energy.B) It makes us feel under threat.C) It motivates us.D) It enables us to achieve more.2. According to Ann, how much does stress cost the American industry?A) 300 million dollars a year.B) More than 300 million dollars.C) 300 billion dollars a year.D) More than 300 billion dollars a year.Conversation Two3. Which of the following is true according to the man?A) Women are especially vulnerable to shopping addiction.B) Men are actually more prone to shopping addiction than women.C) Both men and women may have the compulsion to just shop.D) Women’s shopping psychology is different from men’s.4. How many Americans are addicted to shopping?15%.A)B)20%.C) One out of twenty.D) One out of ten.5. According to the man, what is one of the reasons for shopping compulsion?stress.reduceToA)off.showB)ToC) To follow fashion.D) To fix problems.6. What is the woman’s attitude toward shopping compulsion?Positive.A)Negative.B)C)Neutral.D) It cannot be known from this conversation.Conversation Three7. What are the two men mainly talking about?A) Comparing the nuclear crisis in Japan and that in Chernobyl.B) The current condition of the damaged reactors in Japan.C) How the nuclear crisis in Japan might develop next.D) What will happen to the oceans as a result of the nuclear crisis in Japan.8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the conversation?A) Skin cancer.B) Food safety.C) Economic development.D) Ocean contamination.Section C Multiple Choice Questions Based on Academic Lectures Directions: In this section, you will hear two lecture clips only once. After each clip, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the questions together with the choices marked A), B), C) and D), and choose the best answer for each question. Then mark the corresponding letter on the first page of the Answer Sheets.Lecture One9. What will the speaker concentrate on in the conclusion of his lecture?A) The dangerous activities that many people are engaged in.B) The overestimated areas of technology.C) The possible technological achievements that might come about in the future.D) The way technology has developed in the last few decades.10. What is the first area in which technology will continue to develop in the speaker’s opinion?A) The ability to solve larger and larger problems.B) The ability to identify objects and people.C) Medical technologies.D) The Internet.11. What can we do in the next 20 years according to the speaker?A) 100% accuracy in weather forecasting.B) The elimination of poverty.C) Zero accident rates on the roads and railways.D) Almost no mistakes in hospitals.12. What will happen in the future with the development of the radio frequency tags?A) There will be no need for keys or money as we know today.B) People don’t have to go to the supermarket for shopping.C) There will be more security checks in public places.D) People will take part in more public affairs.13. Which of the following is not predicted by the speaker in the area of medicine?A) The control and even the curing of AIDS.B) The use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment.C) The creation of artificial hip and knee joints that will last a lifetime.D) The remarkable increase in life expectancy.Lecture Two14. What is the main topic the speaker wants to talk about in his lecture?A) How to build good relationships with others.beliefs.B)MysticalC) How beliefs shape reality.D) Success and failure.15. What does the speaker think of notion of creating our reality through our thoughts?A) It is too idealistic.B) It is partially truthful.C) It is very dangerous.D) It is totally impossible.16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this part of the speaker’s lecture?A) The science behind our belief.B) The danger behind our belief.C) The correlation between beliefs and our performance.D) The origin of all religions.17. Who said "we are what we think”?Benson.A)Bandura.B)Buddha.C)D) Branden.Part II Writing (50 minutes)Section A Essay WritingDirections: In this section, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic of Beliefs based on the content of the second lecture clip that you heard in Part I. You can either agree or disagree with the speaker, but have to support your own viewpoint effectively. You should provide a title for your essay and write at least 180 words on the second page of the Answer Sheets.Section B Practical WritingDirections: In this section, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a business letter based on the following information. You should write at lease 120 words on the third page of the Answer Sheets.Suppose you are a businessman and have just received an order(订单) of cotton shirts (see below). Unfortunately, the large size is out of stock. You don’t want to lose the order. Write a reply letter and offer one or two alternative solutions so that you may keep the order.February 15, 2011Dear Sir,The price quote of cotton shirt (item number: Z10020112-1) contained in yourcatalog gained favorable attention with us. We would like to order the followingitems:Large 2000 dozenMedium 4000 dozenSmall 2000 dozenAs the sales season is approaching, we would like to receive the total order quantityby April 30. Please confirm the order and E-mail a shipping schedule.Sincerely,Mr. ThompsonPurchasing Department, Wal-MartPart III Reading (40 minutes)Section A Multiple Choice Questions Based on Short Reading Passages Directions: There are three short reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the first page of the Answer Sheets.Passage 1You are where you live, scientists who study genetic variations among people from different geographic regions are finding. For example, people who live in locations that get lots of solar radiation are more likely to have a sweat gland gene variant that may help them cool off more efficiently, geneticist Anna Di Rienzo reported. Humans have settled across the globe, contending with vastly different landscapes, heat, UV radiation levels, food types and pathogens（病原体）. By sorting through loads of genetic data from around the globe, Di Rienzo and her colleagues found that one version of a gene that produces a protein found in sweat glands is more common among people living in hot, sunny locales.The team divided up the world’s regions, classifying them by factors such as polar, dry, tropical and humid. They also sorted out how inhabitants got their food, including data such as whether they were farmers or foragers(觅食者) and what they ate. A variant of a gene called keratin 77, which has a role in the sweat gland, was associated with locations that get high levels of solar radiation in the summer.The study also found many other gene variants that are tied to climatic gradients such as precipitation（降水量）. This approach is different from other ways that researchers look for gene-environment associations because it allows environmental categories to guide researchers’ predictions about what the gene variants do, rather than taking a more “agnostic” view that ignores the ways that different habitats can influence the prevalence of certain genes, Di Rienzo says.On the other hand, Peter Zimmerman of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland says that all sorts of things can influence the genome: “It’s environmental effects, and exposure to different food, different diseases, and different amount of sunlight.” Zimmerman says that while it’s true the environment can sculpt the human genome, its effects are likely to come at a glacial pace. “How rapidly the human genome responds to change, I would say it’s going to be slow. Our generation time is not fast.”18. The study of Di Rienzo and her colleagues shows that _________.A) people from different geographic regions are vastly differentB) people living in hot, sunny locales are more vulnerable to radiationC) genetic variation is more common among people living in hot, sunny localesD) the environment may play a role in changing the human genome19. Which statement is true about keratin 77(Paragraph 2)?A) It was discovered by geneticist Anna Di Rienzo.B) It produces a protein to protect people from some viruses.C) It may help people cool off more efficiently.D) It only exists in a small number of people.20. Other approaches do not yield the same useful results as Di Rienzo’s study because thoseresearchers do not ________.A) divide the world into different regionsB) consider the influence of habitat on genesC) predict what the gene variants doD) include climatic factors in their study21. According to Zimmerman, the environmental impact on genetic change ________.A) is trifle enough to be neglectedB) cannot be separated from other factorsC) cause many problems in our generation timeD) takes a long time to be seen22. The purpose of this piece of writing is to ________.A) advertiseB) informC) clarifyD) criticizePassage 2The most famous swimmer among the English poets, Lord Byron, wrote a jaunty poem on the activity that made him legendary throughout Europe in his lifetime. "Written After Swimming from Sestos to Abydos" reverses and updates the old myth of Leander, who braved the Hellespont every evening to visit Hero on the other side. Whereas the lissome (敏捷的) Greek swam for love, Byron allows that he, "degenerate modern wretch," aimed for fame and glory on the one-mile swim in strong currents he took on May 3, 1810. And where Leander perished in his pursuit, Byron comes out of his adventure with nothing nobler than "the ague," a cold. He took to the water for the same reason that he took so easily to horseback: he could do anything but walk normally. Swimming hid a congenital deformity, a clubfoot, and allowed him to forget it temporarily.With Byron, swimming really enters English literature. The 19th century is full of swimming writers, most notably Arthur Hugh Clough and Algernon Charles Swinburne, the latter of whom preferred dangerous coasts. But there aren't many of them before Byron, aside from Marlowe. Even after the 19th century, writers have tended to ignore the activity: not just poets but also fiction writers and journalists. For every sports writer with an interest in baseball, boxing, or football there has been almost no one to testify to the beauties and pleasures of this loneliest of physical activities, as either an observer or a participant.The reasons for the activity's relative literary neglect are not hard to find. By definition, swimming excludes husbands and wives, lovers, everyone else in the world, indeed everything else except for one's thoughts. Swimming, unique among physical activities, diminishes and almost eliminates the sense of sight, our primary means of engagement with the physical world.Swimming does not come naturally to anyone, except perhaps to those newborns whose mothers decide to return them to a new equivalent of amniotic fluid soon after they emerge from the womb. Otherwise, it's an activity fraught with fear--of sinking, drowning, losing sight, losing control--until one learns to give oneself in or up to water's buoyancy. In addition, before the Salk vaccine more or less eliminated the polio virus, public swimming pools, like drinking fountains, were places burdened with danger. Unlike walking, which we can do without being taught, or even running, which kids do automatically, swimming requires not only instruction but also a kind of courage. My first instructions probably took place at summer day camp under the supervision of a patient counselor, or perhaps even at the hands of my own unathletic parents at a local pool or at the beach in Atlantic City. I must have made it from one end of the pool to the other in high school gym class. I must have splashed in back-yard or country-club pools when I was a teenager. I know I did, but I also know that I was by no stretch of the imagination a swimmer.23. According to Byron himself, he swam the one-mile swim because he wanted to ________.A) seek inspiration to write a poemB) relive the old myth of LeanderC) pursue a romantic adventureD) let people look up to him24. Byron liked swimming mainly because swimming could ________.A) boost his sense of prideB) cover his natural disabilityC) build up his wretched constitutionD) let him forget everything25. There were many swimming writers ________.A) before the 19th centuryB) during the 19th centuryC) after the 19th centuryD) in ancient Greece26. Writers may not take to swimming probably because swimming ________.A) deprives them of visual inspirationB) requires them to stop thinking about anythingC) demands much physical strengthD) is too difficult for them to learn27. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the writer’s parents ___________.A) are very good swimmersB) taught the writer how to swim from the very beginningC) are not very good at swimmingD) don’t like swimming as much as other physical activitiesPassage 3The financial crisis came about because we got complacent, depending on all-knowing financial experts — mortgage lenders, Wall Street sharpers, the Federal Reserve — to run our system expertly. But then the experts did the same thing, imagining that they had laid off all their risks on other experts. Until finally the last expert down the line turned out to be just another greater fool, and the system crashed.We still need experts. But we can no longer abdicate judgment to them or to the system they've cobbled together. This country, after all, was created by passionately engaged amateurs. The American spirit really is the amateur spirit. The great mass of European settlers were amateur explorers, and their grandchildren and great-grandchildren who created the U.S. were amateur politicians. "I see democracy," the late historian Daniel Boorstin wrote, as "government by amateurs, as a way of confessing the limits of our knowledge." In the early 19th century, Alexis de Tocqueville approvingly noted the absence of "public careers" in America — that is, the scarcity of professional politicians.Amateurs do the things they want to do in the ways they want to do them. They don't worry too much about breaking rules and aren't paralyzed by a fear of imperfection or even failure. Active citizenship is all about tapping into one's amateur spirit. "But hold on," you say. "I will never understand credit-default swaps or know how to determine the correct leverage ratio for banks." Me neither, and I don't want to depend on an amateur physician telling me how to manage my health. But we can trust our reality-based hunches about fishy-looking procedures and unsustainable projects and demand that the supposed experts explain their supposed expertise in ways we do understand. The American character is two-sided to an extreme and paradoxical degree. On the one hand, we are sober and practical and commonsensical, but on the other hand, we are wild and crazy speculators. The full-blown amateur spirit derives from this same paradox.I like paradoxes, which is why, even though I'm not particularly religious, Zen Buddhism has always appealed to me. Take the paradoxical state that Buddhists seek to achieve, what they call sho-shin, or "beginner's mind." The 20th century Japanese Zen master Shunryu Suzuki, who spent the last dozen years of his life in America, famously wrote that "in the beginner's mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert's mind there are few." Which sounds to me very much like the core of Boorstin's amateur spirit. "The greatest obstacle to discovery is not ignorance," Boorstin wrote, "but the illusion of knowledge."28. According to the writer, the financial crisis occurred mainly due to ________.A) our ignorance of risksB) the foolishness of expertsC) our blind trust in expertsD) the ill-running of the system29. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that, compared with all-knowing experts, the latehistorian Daniel Boorstin was ________.A) less arrogantB) less knowledgeableC) more practicalD) more energetic30. The writer encourages people to tap into their amateur spirit and ________.A) take care of their own affairsB) break old rules fearlesslyC) make their own judgment about things around themD) determine the correct leverage ratio for banks31. What the amateur spirit and the "beginner's mind" in Zen Buddhism have in common is________.A) the openness of the mindB) the illusion of knowledgeC) the paradox of beliefD) the ignorance of one’s own strength32. Which of the following descriptions does not apply to the amateur spirit?A) commonsensicalB) reality-basedC) open-mindedD) religiousSection B Short Answer Questions Based on Long Reading Passages Directions: There are two long reading passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages and answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Put your answer on the fourth page of the Answer Sheets.Passage 1In kids 3 to 7 years old, acupuncture plus glasses helped vision improve compared with just glasses alone, said study co-author Dr. Dennis Shun-Chiu Lam, who chairs the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is when vision in one eye is worse than the other. About two to three in 100 people have lazy eye, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. (It's not the same as "wandering eye," or strabismus — when the eyes point in two different directions — although people often use "lazy eye" to describe both.)At the beginning of the study, all of the kids' vision in the bad eye was about the same, around 20/63. The kids who got acupuncture as well as glasses had about 20/32 vision in their bad eye, on average. This is compared to about 20/40 vision in kids that only wore the glasses.The difference between 20/32 and 20/40 is about the equivalent of being able to read about one line further down on the eye chart, said Dr. Marc Lustig, an assistant professor in department of ophthalmology at the New York University Medical Center.But there's not much of a difference between these two vision scores in real-life terms, Lustig, who did not work on the study, told Reuters Health. And this study is not going to change how eyedoctors treat lazy eye in kids, he noted.Lazy eye is usually treated with glasses or patches to train the bad eye to work better, he said.If left untreated, kids may lose depth perception, or the vision loss may become permanent. After age 9 or so, it can no longer be corrected, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.A previous study by the same group suggested that acupuncture may work as well as patches for treating lazy eye. (See Reuters Health story of December 16, 2010.)The researchers gave 83 kids with lazy eye in China corrective glasses, then measured how well they could see out of both eyes. Half of the kids were treated with acupuncture five times a week for 15 weeks, then the groups switched. Their eyes were tested at 15, 30, and 60 weeks.After 30 weeks, when both groups had received both the glasses and acupuncture, vision in the bad eye was around 20/30 in both groups.The study, published in the journal Ophthalmology, was what's called a crossover study. That meant that the groups' treatments alternated, so that both had some time with only glasses, and with and without acupuncture."With a crossover design, every child would be promised to have a chance to receive acupuncture, so that it is easier to recruit study subjects and lower the dropout rate," Lam told Reuters Health by email.This is a serious limitation, said Dr. Peter Lipson, an internist in southeastern Michigan, who did not work on the study."I don't think there's any malicious intent, but if you already know that these are people who like acupuncture, they're going to be extremely susceptible to a nice placebo effect," he told Reuters Health.Since both groups received the acupuncture, this anticipation of benefit would be similar in both groups, Lam said, and the placebo effect should have been minimized.Overall, past research has shown that acupuncture is something that makes use of the placebo effect, Lipson said, "which a warm handshake and a smile can do as well."Acupuncture costs vary widely depending on where you live, but ranges anywhere from $25 to $120 a treatment. At this rate, the treatments in the study would cost somewhere between $1,875 and $9,000. Disposable patches cost about $10 a month, Lustig said.It's an interesting study, he said, "but I don't think it's going to change clinical practice in Western medicine, because you're taking an un-invasive treatment and kind of making it invasive.""At least in the U.S., I don't see people sending their 5-year-olds for acupuncture," Lustig said.SAQ 1. From the information we have in the passage, we can know that ophthalmology is the study of _______________________________________ and diseases that affect them.SAQ 2. Amblyopia is different from strabismus as people with amblyopia can see with their eyes pointing _______________________________________.SAQ 3. At what age should lazy eye be treated?_______________________________________.SAQ 4. The crossover study was designed because the researchers wanted to recruit children with amblyopia and _______________________________________.SAQ 5. People who are against the use of acupuncture believe that it's the_______________________________________ that makes the children see or feelbetter after the treatment.Passage 2There is no more pressing topic in education today than closing the achievement gap, and there is no one in America who knows more about the gap than Ronald Ferguson.Although he is a Harvard professor based in Cambridge, Mass., Dr. Ferguson, 60, spends lots of time flying around the country visiting racially mixed public high schools. Part of what he does is academic, measuring the causes of the gap by annually surveying the performance, behaviors and attitudes of up to 100,000 students. And part is serving as a de facto educational social worker, meeting with students, faculty members and parents to explain what steps their schools can take to narrow the gap.The gap is about race, of course, and it inevitably inflames passions. But there is something about Dr. Ferguson’s bearing — he is both big (6-foot-3) and soft-spoken — that gets people to listen.Morton Sherman, the Alexandria school superintendent, watched him defuse the anger at a meeting of 300 people. “He talks about these things in a professorial way, a kind way,” Dr. Sherman said. “It’s not about him. He doesn’t try to be a rock star, although he is a rock star in this field.”While he has a personal stake in closing the gap as an African-American parent who has raised three boys, Dr. Ferguson does not get emotional in tense situations — he gets factual.Geoffrey Canada, president of the Harlem Children’s Zone and star of the documentary “Waiting for Superman,” calls him a “national treasure.” Michael Casserly, director of the Council of the Great City Schools says, “He has done more to help us understand the dynamics behind the achievement gap than anyone else in the country.” Marian Wright Edelman, founder of the Children’s Defense Fund, calls him “thoughtful, careful, fearless.”And yet, as best he can remember — and he is a busy man with lots on his mind — he has never been the subject of a profile in the news media.One reason may be that his views on the gap are too research-based and nuanced to accommodate in a sound bite.He is not as famous as John Ogbu, the late African-born Berkeley professor who argued that the gap could be explained by the cultural behavior of African-Americans, like mocking hard-working classmates for “acting white.”Nor is he as famous as Charles Murray, co-author of “The Bell Curve,” who suggested that the achievement gap is explained by inherited low intelligence.Unlike Dr. Ogbu, an anthropology professor, and Dr. Murray, a political scientist, Dr. Ferguson has his doctorate in economics from M.I.T.; he has been trained to quantify everything. From his surveys of students in dozens of wealthy, racially mixed suburbs — including Evanston, Ill.; Maplewood, N.J.; and Shaker Heights, Ohio — he has calculated that the average grade ofblack students was C-plus, while white students averaged a B-plus. The gap.At the high school here, T. C. Williams — the setting of the movie “Remember the Titans” — he found that 55 percent of white girls reported having an A or A-minus average, compared with less than 20 percent of black girls and boys.His research indicates that half the gap can be predicted by economics: even in a typical wealthy suburb, blacks are not as well-to-do; 79 percent are in the bottom 50 percent financially, while 73 percent of whites are in the top 50 percent.The other half of the gap, he has calculated, is that black parents on average are not as academically oriented in raising their children as whites. In a wealthy suburb he surveyed, 40 percent of blacks owned 100 or more books, compared with 80 percent of whites. In first grade, the percentage of black and white parents reading to their children daily was about the same; by fifth grade, 60 percent to 70 percent of whites still read daily to their children, compared with 30 percent to 40 percent of blacks.He also works with teachers to identify biases, for instance: black children are less likely to complete homework because they are lazy. His research indicates that blacks and whites spend the same amount of time on homework, but blacks are less likely to finish. “It’s not laziness,” he says. “It’s a difference in skills.”How these messages get delivered is crucial. “I don’t want to be another one of those people lecturing black parents,” he says. “I tell them we in the black community — we — need to build stronger intellectual lives at home.”He recalls speaking to a primarily white group at Georgia State University. Afterward, a black parent came up to him. “He told me, ‘I’m not saying you’re wrong, but I’m not comfortable with you saying it in front of this audience,’ ” Dr. Ferguson said. “And I said, ‘It’s not ideal, but this was an opportunity to get these things to you.’ ”SAQ 6. Dr. Ronald Ferguson does his job both as an academic researcher and as an _______________________________________.SAQ 7. At various meetings, while the listeners may show their anger at the situation in the country, Dr. Ferguson does not _______________________________________.SAQ 8. What are the three adjectives Edelman uses to describe Dr. Ferguson?_______________________________________SAQ 9. How does Dr. Ferguson's research method differ from Ogbu's or Murray's?_______________________________________.SAQ 10. According to Dr. Ferguson's research, the achievement gap is caused by two factors. 1.Blacks are not _______________________________________. 2. Black parents are not as academically oriented as whites.。
复旦博士英语考试
复旦博士英语考试The Fudan University doctoral English exam is a comprehensive test that assesses your proficiency in English language skills. It includes listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, all designed to evaluate your ability to communicate effectively in English.In the listening section, you will be required to listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, and other spoken English passages. You will then answer questions based on what you have heard. This section tests your ability to understand spoken English and your listening comprehension skills.The reading section of the exam will present you with a variety of written passages, including articles, essays, and other types of text. You will need to read these passages carefully and answer questions that test your understanding of the content, as well as your ability to analyze and interpret written English.The writing section will require you to write essays or short responses on various topics. You will be assessed onyour ability to express your ideas clearly and coherently, as well as your use of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.Finally, the speaking section of the exam will assess your ability to communicate verbally in English. You will be asked to participate in conversations, discussions, and other speaking activities that demonstrate your speaking and pronunciation skills.Overall, the Fudan University doctoral English exam is a challenging but important test that evaluates your English language proficiency. By preparing thoroughly andpracticing your English skills, you can improve your chances of success on the exam.复旦大学博士英语考试是一项全面的考试，旨在评估您的英语语言能力。
《复旦大学大学英语教学大纲》
《复旦大学大学英语教学大纲》（试行稿）随着我国加入WTO、国际交往日益频繁，国家和社会对大学毕业生，尤其是国家重点大学的毕业生的英语的综合应用能力，提出了更迫切的要求。
另一方面，近几年来复旦大学学生入校时的英语水平逐年提高，他们对英语教学也提出了更高的要求。
根据教育部最近颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》和我校的实际情况，特制定《复旦大学大学英语教学大纲》，用于指导我校本科大学英语教学，同时作为学校对大学英语教学评估的依据。
教学目标大学英语教学是我校大学生的一门必修基础课程。
复旦大学大学英语教学目标是：全面培养学生的英语应用能力和综合文化素养，使他们在毕业时具有和世界一流大学相适应的外语水平，能够把英语作为工具进行口头和书面的信息交流。
教学理念大学英语课程要适应社会和学生的各种层次的要求。
因此，课程必须多样化，除向学生提供大学英语基础课程外，还要提供各种应用性课程和文化交际性课程，提供学生自我发展的机会。
大学英语课程的设计与实施要有利于学生自主学习能力的发展，以形成有效的学习策略。
要采用课堂教学和自主学习相结合的方式，营造个性化学习的环境，提供自主学习的资源和场所。
大学英语课程要充分运用先进的多媒体网络等现代化教育技术，采用全方位、立体化的多媒体教学手段，提高教学效率和教学质量。
大学英语课程在帮助学生继续打好语言基础的同时，要特别重视培养学生的应用交际能力，尤其要加大对听、说和写的产出技能的训练。
教学要求复旦大学的学生入校水平词汇量要求在3000左右。
经过大学阶段学习，毕业时要达到教育部制定的《大学英语课程教学要求》中的最高要求的水平，并鼓励优秀学生通过《复旦大学大学英语水平考试》。
复旦大学的学生英语要求为：1. 词汇：大学英语学习阶段结束时掌握总词汇量为7000个单词和1700个词组。
其中3500个单词为积极词汇。
2. 阅读：能借助词典读懂英语原版书籍和英语国家报刊杂志上的文章。
能比较顺利地阅读与自己专业有关的文献。
复旦大学本科生(非英语专业)外语能力培养方案
复旦大学本科生（非英语专业）外语能力培养方案（2011级讨论稿）一、培养目标：复旦大学本科生（非英语专业）外语能力培养目标是通过大学外语课程的学习，培养学生的外语综合应用能力，特别是说和写的能力，使他们在今后学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用至少一门外语有效地进行交际，提高综合文化素养；同时，能够应用至少一门外语进行专业学习、学术交流和学术研究等。
二、培养要求：本科生在读期间，必须根据培养方案修满8个学分的外语课程，并通过“复旦大学英语水平测试”（以下简称“英语水平测试”）（详见测试大纲）。
对于母语为非英语国家的留学生，如相应专业修读计划无特别规定，必须修读大学外语课程8学分；母语为英语国家的留学生应修读“留学生高级汉语”8学分和“留学生专业汉语”4学分，共计12学分。
（具体请参见各专业留学生指导性修读计划）。
若学生在校期间所学英语学分超过8学分，参照学生所属专业培养方案，如无特别规定，超出部分则可用作任意选修课的学分；如培养方案规定不能计入任意选修课学分，则按学分缴纳超出部分学费。
三、课程设置和成绩记载：1、大学外语课程分综合英语课程、英语专项技能课程、学术英语、英语文化类课程和第二外语课程五大模块（详见下表）。
大学外语课程一览表：2、综合英语课程（包括大学英语预备级、大学英语I、大学英语II和大学英语III）成绩设通过（P）和不通过（F）两种，通过后获得相应学分，但不计入绩点。
其余模块课程的成绩按A,B,C,D,F记载并记入绩点。
3、学生入学后，凡需修读大学外语课程的学生均需参加英语分级测试，进校时已获得托福成绩90分或雅思成绩6.5 (需向大学英语教学部提供成绩单原件)以上的学生可免试。
大学英语分级测试成绩优秀和免试的学生，可直接在英语专项技能课程、学术英语、文化类课程及第二外语课程模块中自由选择修读课程。
其余学生则进入综合英语课程学习，依据分级考试成绩选择四个修读起点的课程：大学英语预备级、大学英语I、大学英语II和大学英语III。
2022-2023学年上海市复旦大学附中浦东分校高三英语第一学期期末学业水平测试试题含解析
2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．This kind of glasses made by experienced craftsmen _________ comfortably.A．is worn B．wears C．wearing D．are worn2．There is no doubt that climate all over the world ______ greatly in recent years. A．had changed B．is changingC．changed D．has been changing3．The Small Goose Pagoda i n Xi’an, one of the 22 Silk Road relics located in China, _______ back in 707 during the Tang Dynasty.A．dated B．was datedC．dates D．is dating4．Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is _____ to an artist. A．absolute B．urgent C．especial D．vital5．We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like. A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises6．Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat _______ he’s grown so fond. A．which B．in whichC．of which D．when7．But for the metal cage to pull the miners to safety, the miners in Chile ____ in less than twenty-four hours.A．would not be rescued B．would not have been rescued C．would be rescued D．would have been rescued8．—What do you think of Tom?—He has been working very hard. ______ he is an advanced worker.A．No wonder B．No doubt C．No worry D．No problem9．There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds ______ they are not objectively true, and that giants, witches, two-headed dragons etc do not exist.A．that B．what C．which D．when10．Peter is helping set tables in the hall, where John’s birthday party ________.A．is holding B．has heldC．is held D．will be held11．This raw chocolate tastes pretty delicious due to ______ amount of melted pure fresh cream.A．equal B．generous C．insufficient D．tiny12．Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________ and is beyond our control.A．passed B．will passC．has passed D．had passed13．Many developing countries are unwilling to pursue their economic development______ destroying the environment despite there being several financial crises.A．at the risk of B．at the cost of C．at the end of D．at the mercy of14．—I forgot to register for the courses. I’m one day late and most of the classes are full. What shall I do?—________ You can’t do anything about that.A．Take your time. B．Poor you!C．So what? D．No way!15．—Where can we park car?—Don’t worry. There’s sure to be parking lot nearby.A．the; the B．the; aC．不填; a D．不填; the16．Our team is world-class and it was no surprise that we won by such a margin. A．low B．highC．wide D．narrow17．When caught _____ in the exam, he begged for the teacher’s pardon and tried______ punishment.A．cheating; escaping B．to be cheating; to escapeC．cheating; to escape D．to be cheating; escaping18．____ interested in English may join this club.A．Whoever B．All who C．Anyone D．Who19．If these new measures don’t work, we’ll have to _______ our old system.A．make up for B．come up withC．break away from D．fall back on20．Have you ever been in a situation ______ you know the other person is right yet youcannot agree with him?A．where B．which C．that D．as第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
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A. 多项选择题(Multiple Choice Questions Based on Short Reading Passages, 1 × 15), 含 3 篇文章，阅读总量在 1300 词左右。每篇文章后有 3－8 个问题。要求考生从试卷所提供的每题四个选择项中选出正确的答案。 选文的原则是： 兼顾各类学科， 难度相当于英美国家大众媒体所刊文章。 考生须在掌握这些文章内容细节的同时，把握它们的主旨要义。 B. 简答题/是非题(Short Answer Questions / True or False Questions Based on Long Reading Passages, 1 × 10), 含 2 篇文章， 阅读总量在 1500 词左右, 要求考生在快速阅读之后，回答简答题或是非题。 第四部分：口语（Speaking，25%） ，共 2 题，考试时间 10 分钟。题型分为 以下两类： A. 听后评论（Responding to a Conversation or Short Talk, 1 × 10） ，考试时 间 5 分钟。要求考生听一段普通语速的会话或听力短篇，约 1.5 分钟， 然后在 3 分钟内口头回答 2 个问题并录入考场提供的录音设备中。 B. 命题说话（Talking about a Topic， 1 × 15） ，考试时间 5 分钟。要求考 生在拿到题目（可以是文字、图片、表格等各种形式）并准备 2 分钟后， 围绕所给题目讲述或发表评论 3 分钟。 4．答题及计分办法 本测试的客观题全部采用机器阅卷，所以考生必须将相关答案填涂在专用 答题卡上。主观题的答案则需写在规定的答题区域。 试卷的题目数、计分和相应的考试时间列表如下： 笔试 序号 题 号 各部分名称 题目数 计 分 考试时间 I L1-L8, 听力 25 题 25 分 30 分钟 1–17 (含考试须知) II W1–W2 写作 2题 25 分 50 分钟 III 18-32, 阅读 25 题 25 分 40 分钟 R1–R10 合 计 52 题 75 分 120 分钟 口试 序号 考试内容 计 分 考试时间 I II 听后评论 命题说话 10 分 15 分 5 分钟 5 分钟
合 计 25 分 10 分钟 考试总成绩为笔试和口试的合计得分之和，总时间为 140 分钟。 5．考试日期和成绩 本测试每年 12 月底举行。考生的卷面成绩用统计学方法等值处理后，参照 本校大学英语课程的1．考试性质 复旦大学英语水平测试为标准参照性英语水平考试。本考试参照《复旦大 学大学英语教学大纲》 ，以复旦大学本科非英语专业学生修完高级英语的普通英 语水平为基准，设定相关考试成绩等级。 本测试的难度以大纲所附样题为基准，要求学生掌握的英语词汇约为 9300 个。 2．考试目的 根据教育部的要求，我国大学英语的教学重点正在从语言知识的传授转向 听、说、读、写等综合应用能力的训练。本考试通过较多的直接测试考生各项英 语技能的考试题型、 结合使用目前比较成熟的间接客观性试题来全面检测学生的 英语水平，并借考试的后效作用，推动大学英语教学改革。 3．考试形式 本测试含书面和口头两部分，其中书面考试的形式如下： 第一部分： 听力（Listening, 25%） ，共 27 题，考试时间 30 分钟。所有录音 均采用英语为母语者的正常语速。题型分为以下三类。 A. 听写填空(Spot Dictation，0.5 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 2 × 2)，含一段 20050 词的讲话，播放两遍。考生试卷上印有留空的讲话稿，要求考生 在 8 个留空处填上录音中播放的内容，前半部分每空填一词，后半部分 每空所填的文字介于 2－8 个。播放讲话时无停顿，但在第一遍和第二 遍全文播完后，各有一次半分钟的停顿。 B. 会话型多项选择题 （Multiple Choice Questions Based on Conversations， 1 × 8） ，含 3－5 组双人或多人会话，总长度为 500100 词，每组会话结 束后有一至四个问题。要求考生从试卷所提供的每题四个选择项中选出 正确的答案。 C. 学术讲座型多项选择题（Multiple Choice Questions Based on Academic Lectures， 1 × 9） ，含两个学术讲座片段，总长度为 700100 词，每 个片段后有 2－7 个问题。要求考生从试卷所提供的每题四个选择项中 选出正确的答案。 第二部分：写作（Writing，25%） ，共 2 题，考试时间 50 分钟。题型分为以 下两类： A. 论说文写作(Essay Writing, 1 × 15)，要求考生在 30 分钟内根据听力部 分的讲座内容(一般为第二个讲座)写一篇 180 词以上的论说文，其中需 包含对讲座内容的评价、考生自己的观点及论据。 B. 应用文写作(Practical Writing, 1 × 10), 要求考生在 20 分钟内根据提示 写一篇应用文，涉及范围包括：通知、问候、邀请、投诉、说明、备忘 录、各类信件（含商业信件、求职信等） 。 第三部分： 阅读（Reading，25%） ，共 25 题，考试时间 40 分钟。题型分为 以下两类：