外国学生学中文 国际学校传统中国文化《千里走单骑》
2024学年四川省成都外国语学校高一上学期期中考历史试题及答案
成都外国语学校2023—2024学年度上期半期考试高一历史试卷一、选择题1. 甲骨文发现前，殷商时期属于“传说时代”。
随着大量甲骨文遗存的发现，它记录的天象、王室组成等，使商代成为可资考察的“信史时代”。
由此说明（ ）A. 文字是传承历史的重要载体B. 甲骨文是中国最古老的文字C. “传说时代”无可信历史D. 原始文字尚未具备书法要素2. 先秦时期，人们热衷于抬出家族中有特殊地位的祖先，如青铜器作器者通常自称为“某之孙”、“某之子”。
在追认祖先的风潮中，许多族群塑造出共同的英雄先祖，如商人始祖契、周人始祖后稷、楚人始祖祝融等。
该现象（ ）A. 重塑了宗法伦理B. 促进了华夏认同C. 强化了分封秩序D. 催生了郡县制度3. 春秋战国时期是我国社会转型时期，出现了社会大动荡、政治大变革、经济大发展、文化大繁荣、民族大融合，其根本原因是（ ）A. 铁犁牛耕的出现B. 争霸战争的影响C. 变法运动的兴起D. 国家统一的趋势4. 春秋时期，各诸侯认识到人才的重要性。
无论何人，亦不论出身如何，只要效力军伍，为国家立有军功，即可获得官爵。
齐国规定“德义未明于朝者，则不可加于尊位；功力未见于国者，则不可授以重禄；临事不信于民者，则不可使任大官”。
材料说明当时（ ）A. 世卿世禄制被废除B. 用人制度适应了现实需要C. 奴隶制度被废除D. 权力格局发生了根本变化5. 春秋战国时期，儒家尊礼，主张“为国以礼”道家“非礼”，认为“夫礼者，忠信之薄而乱之首”；法家否定礼治，提倡法治。
这从本质上反映出当时A. 宗法制度彻底破坏B. 社会动荡行为失范C. 百家争鸣局面结束D. 大一统时代的开创6. 商鞅在秦国废除了贵族世袭的尊贵地位（仅保留资产），使其“虽贵，无所芳华”；他还制定了按照斩敌数量加官晋爵的客观标准，有功者得以显荣。
这些改革措施（ ）A. 完善了重农抑商政策B. 巩固了宗法分封制C. 促进官僚政治的形成D. 提升了秦军战斗力7. 秦朝中央设三公九卿，其中奉常掌宗庙礼仪、郎中令掌宫殿警卫、卫尉负责皇城警卫……宗正负责皇室事务、治粟内史掌国家财政、少府掌皇家财政。
汉语国际教育：莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君？
｛专业揭秘｝从历史深处走来的专业汉语国际教育有一个通俗易懂、为人所知的名称——对外汉语。
在教育不断改革的浪潮中，它艰辛地走过了几十年。
如今，它不仅承担着传播汉语的使命，更承载着人类交往的智慧成果。
据史料记载，汉语作为外国人第二语言的教学始于汉代，鼎盛于唐朝及五代时期，宋、元、明时继续发展，至清时式微。
古人顺着长长的丝绸之路，开创了汉语对外传播的先河，吃上第一口煮沸的红蟹。
汉语国际教育从历史中走来，现已逐渐成熟与完善。
今天，作为汉语国际教育的学子，我们可以踏着前人铺垫的坚实道路，去将汉语、汉文化发扬光大。
我们希望汉语之花开遍世界的各个角落，如此，以后我们便可对后辈骄傲地说：“莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君？”语言和文学之融合汉语国际教育，简而言之，就是将汉语教授给外国人。
所以，我们既要精通汉语，又要掌握一门外语。
系主任在开会时，总是不忘调侃我们：“你们花一份钱就能学到三份知识。
”的确，本科四年里，我们除了学自己的专业课程，还要学习英语专业、汉语言文学专业的专业课。
从专业名称里的“汉语”二字，我们可以看出这门专业要求学生精通汉语。
因此，我们要和汉语言文学学子一样学习现代汉语、古代汉语等这些“挂科率”极高的语言课，穿行在汉语语法、文字、音韵的迷宫里。
文学和写作课程也必不可少，从先秦到两汉，从隋唐到宋元，从明清到近现代文学，诸子散文、楚辞汉赋、唐诗宋词……你方唱罢我登场。
我们汲取文学作品的养分，从中领悟写作的真谛。
而专业名称里的“国际”二字意味着我们还必须精通一门外语。
所以，和英语专业的同学一样，我们也有英语精读、听力、泛读以及英文诗歌、英国文学赏析等课程。
我们读华兹华斯的诗，品狄更斯的小说，感受每一个简单句背后的深远内涵，剖析每一个复杂句的精妙结构。
总而言之，中外语言课和文学课我们都要学习。
心理学和教育学两座大山汉语国际教育重在“教育”二字，这也是汉语国际教育学子的最终目标——教书育人，传承文化。
与教育相关的课程主要有心理学和教育学。
中国传统文化简介(中英双语)
横贯河北北京内蒙古山西陕西宁夏甘肃等七个省市自治区全长约6700公里约13300里在世上有万里长城之万里长城在我国北方辽阔的土地上东西横亘着一道绵延起伏气势雄伟长达一万多里的长墙
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长城雄姿
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黄 昏 下 的 长 城
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万里长城 —盘沿在中国的巨龙
The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, it Shanhaiguan in Bohai Bay, Hebei Province, east, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province inland areas. Trans-Hebei, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia,
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Beijing opera
Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.
中国传统文化经典名人故事【中英对照】
【中英对照】中国传统文化经典名人故事Countries and Statesssic Anecdotes of Traditional Chinese CultureCla一、江山社稷1.大禹治水King Yu Tamed the FloodLong time ago, it was said that a deluge engulfed a huge area of land claimed many lives, so King Shun sent Yu to control the flood.Talking with seniors, Yu drew lessons from the past water-control experience. After the field survey, he made up a feasible plan. Then he led people to divert he floods, and during this time, though he actually passed by the door of his own home fo r three times, he didn’t go in.With 13-year persistent efforts under his leadership, 9 large rivers were finally dredged leading floods into the sea.While harnessing the floods, Yu, along with others, helped people rebuild their homes, fallowed lands and resumed production. In this way, he gave the common people a peaceful and contented life and achieved an immortal feat. At that time, to commemorate Yu the Great, the whole country was called “the City of Yu”; and for his feat, a mausoleum called “Yu Ling”was built in his honor by the later generations.2.贞观之治Reign of ZhenguanReign of Zhenguan (627-649 AD) was the golden and prosperous age of early Tang Dyna sty under the reign of Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin. He is typically considered one of the great est emperors in the whole Chinese history. Emperor Taizong’s reign was regaded ad the exemplary model against whicj the emperors of later generations were measured, and was considered required study for future crown princes. During his 23-year reign, the nat ion enjoyed stability and prosperity with the fourishing economy and powerful troops, and the people lived in peace.The emperor put people in the first place. He saw people as water and emperor as boat, and believed that the water could bear the coat and swallow it as well (民，水也；君，舟也。
五年级上册第五课语文
五年级上册第五课语文小时候，每当放学回家，我总是第一个冲进家门，扔下书包，迫不及待地打开电视，选择自己喜欢的节目。
然而，自从我们在语文课上学习了《千里走单骑》这篇课文后，我对电视的兴趣逐渐减弱了。
《千里走单骑》是一篇描写明代抗倭英雄戚继光的故事。
他带领晋商王文华筹集军费，抵御倭寇入侵。
在这篇课文中，我深受戚继光坚韧不拔的精神所感动。
首先，戚继光在抵御倭寇的战斗中体现出了坚韧不拔的意志。
他面对倭寇的残暴行为和强大实力，没有退缩。
相反，他带领士兵奋勇作战，不畏困难，不怕艰险，坚决要把倭寇赶出中国。
他用自己的行动告诉我，只有坚持不懈，才能战胜困难，实现自己的目标。
其次，戚继光注重团结和信任。
在筹集军费的过程中，他得到了晋商王文华的大力支持。
他们互相帮助，相互信任，形成了无坚不摧的力量。
正是因为有了这样团结的力量，戚继光才能在抵御倭寇的战斗中取得胜利。
这让我明白了一个道理，团结一致的力量是无穷的，只有相互合作，才能取得更大的成功。
此外，戚继光对待失败的态度也给我留下了深刻的印象。
在战斗中，他曾多次遭受失败，但他从来没有放弃过，总是鼓励自己和士兵继续战斗。
他说：“只要心有所依，哪怕一人，也可以战胜千军！”这句话深深地刺激着我。
它告诉我，在人生的道路上，我们难免会遇到挫折和失败，但只要我们不放弃，坚持下去，就一定能够战胜困难，取得成功。
通过学习《千里走单骑》，我对戚继光这位抗倭英雄有了更深刻的理解。
他不仅是个英雄，更是一个值得我们学习的楷模。
他的坚韧不拔、团结合作和乐观向上的精神，都是我们未来成长的榜样。
回想起以前喜欢看电视的情景，我现在明白了，虽然电视能带给我快乐，但相比之下，《千里走单骑》给了我更多的启发和思考。
因此，我决定减少看电视的时间，多读一些优秀的文学作品，继续汲取更多的知识和精神财富。
通过学习《千里走单骑》，我明白了一个道理：人生道路上的每一次奋斗，每一次困难，都是成长的机会。
只有坚持不懈，相互合作，才能达到自己的目标。
外国友人想了解中国文化的作文
《外国友人想了解中国文化》
外国的朋友们，让我来给你们讲讲中国文化吧！
中国有好多好吃的，比如饺子。
过年的时候，一家人围在一起包饺子，可开心啦。
还有端午节，我们会吃粽子，那是为了纪念屈原。
中国的书法也很厉害，用毛笔写字，可漂亮啦！
有一次，一个外国朋友来我家，我给他展示了中国的剪纸，他特别喜欢。
欢迎你们来中国，感受更多的中国文化！
《外国友人想了解中国文化》
外国的小伙伴们，中国文化可有趣啦！
中国的戏曲，演员们穿着漂亮的衣服，唱着好听的歌。
中国的武术也很棒，那些人动作又快又帅。
中秋节的时候，我们会吃月饼，一起赏月。
我还教过一个外国朋友写汉字，他觉得很有意思。
快来中国玩吧，这里有好多惊喜等着你们！。
中国文化走向国际的事例
中国文化走向国际的事例中国文化，那可是源远流长，博大精深，这些年来，它可是越来越火，不仅在国内火得不行，还走出国门，成了国际舞台上的明星。
今天，咱们就来聊聊几个中国文化走向国际的生动例子，保证让你听得津津有味，心潮澎湃。
首先说说咱们的国粹——京剧。
想当年，京剧可都是在咱自家的戏台上唱，现在可好，它穿上华丽的戏服，漂洋过海，到世界各地去巡演了。
那些老外啊，一开始看京剧，眼珠子都快瞪出来了，这唱的啥？跳的啥？可慢慢品，嘿，那唱腔婉转，身段婀娜，简直就是一场视觉和听觉的盛宴。
京剧一登台，掌声雷动，老外们纷纷竖起大拇指，直呼“太神奇了！”再来说说咱们的美食。
提起中国菜，那简直是世界闻名，川菜、粤菜、鲁菜、苏菜……每一道菜都能讲出一段故事，馋得人口水直流。
现在，中餐馆开遍了全球，从纽约的唐人街到巴黎的香榭丽舍大街，都能闻到那熟悉的香气。
老外们一开始可能只是图个新鲜，但一尝之下，那麻辣鲜香的滋味，简直让人欲罢不能。
他们学会了用筷子，学会了品茶，还爱上了中国的各种小吃，比如热腾腾的饺子、香喷喷的烤鸭，还有那一碗碗热腾腾的牛肉面，简直是温暖了他们的胃，也温暖了他们的心。
还有咱们的传统节日，那也是越来越国际化。
春节的时候，不光是咱们自己放鞭炮、贴春联、包饺子，好多国家也开始跟着咱们一起庆祝了。
伦敦的唐人街张灯结彩，纽约的时代广场也会播放春节的庆祝视频，让全世界的人都能感受到那份喜庆和热闹。
中秋节，老外们也会学着咱们吃月饼、赏月亮，虽然他们可能不懂月饼里的豆沙、莲蓉是啥味，但那份团圆的氛围，他们是真真切切地感受到了。
别忘了咱们的功夫，那可是咱们文化的一张名片。
李小龙、成龙这些功夫巨星，用他们的拳脚，把中国功夫带到了全世界。
现在，好多老外都迷上了武术，他们学太极、练少林拳，还参加各种武术比赛。
功夫不仅仅是一种运动，更是一种文化、一种精神的传承。
老外们通过学习武术，更深入地了解了咱们中国的文化和哲学。
还有咱们的书法、绘画、陶瓷……这些传统文化艺术，也在国际上大放异彩。
学汉语练功夫,吉尔吉斯斯坦儿童中国行收获颇丰
增添 了滑稽色彩 。 三 句半 《 精彩 的校 园生活》由泰 国籍华裔学生兴川瑞 、张汉 再、张成 明、哈萨克斯坦学生玛迪 出 演 ，四名 同学－ｇｆ￣ 华 ，汉语表达还 不太顺畅 ，但他们不 怕 困难 ，抽 出课余 时间积极排练 ，—遍 一 － ｆ 遍地 纠正发音 ，在不 到一个 月 的时 间里走 匕 了舞 台，获得了意想不到 的演 出效果 。 汇文 中学 国际部领 导高度重视此次活动 ，不仅指派专 门老 师指导排练 ，武京学副校长 、国际部黄
兴趣选修 了汉语 课。 （ 记者许含宇 ） 来 源 ：福 州新 闻 网 ２１ ０ ０年 １ ２月 ６日
们还对照着印有汉字的纸片一笔一划地模仿起来， 虽然他们写的汉字因为不熟练而显得歪扭， 谁又能
否认他 们 的可爱 呢？
三亚第九小学的梁倩是今天教导孩子们汉语的老师， 她对记者说， 接到这个任务之前， 她心里很 有压力，因为孩子们从来没有接触过中文，她害怕这堂课会很有难度，但是没想到孩子们这么聪明，
国孔子学院总部和美国大学理事会共 同组织， 是美国大学理事会 “ 中国语言与文化项 目”的重要组成 部分，旨 在增进美国中小学校长和教育行政官员对中国的了解，推动美国中小学校汉语课程的开展。 自２ ０ 年 启动 以来 ，该项 目已累计邀请 了 ３０ ０６ ００多名美 国主 流中小学校长和 教育官员等来华访 问。 据相关部 门统计，近年来，美 国开设汉语课程的中小学大幅增加，已由 ２０ 年的 ２３ ０５ ６ 所增加到 现在的近 ４０ 所 ，汉语已成为美国外语教学中发展最快的语种。 “ ００ 关于第二外语的学习，美国许多 学校提供了多种选择， 如今选汉语的美国学生不少， 学汉语甚至成为一种时髦。”美 国明尼苏达州东 部学区一位协调员接受记者采访时说， 在其所处的学区， 汉语已成为受学生青睐的第－＃语语种之一， － ｂ 其所在学 区的中小学从去年 ９月开始首次 开设 汉语课 ，在 ５０ ００名学 生中就有近 １０名学生 出于个人 ５
中国传统文化故事英文版带汉语
中国传统文化故事英文版带汉语Sleeping on Brushwood and Tasting Gall卧薪尝胆In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu defeated the State of Yue, and took the King Gou Jian and his wife prisoner. For several years, Gou Jian laboured as salve in Wu. When he was released and returned to Yue, Gou Jian was determined to take revenge for losing his state. In order that he would nec\ver forget his humiliation, Gou Jian slept on a pie of brushwood and tasted gall before every meal in order to remind him of the shame and revenge. After ten years of careful preparations, he attacked and finally conquered the State of Wu.This idiom is used to describe inspiring oneself to accomplish an ambition.春秋战国时代，越国被吴国打败，越往勾践和妻子雅鱼被俘虏，咋吴国做了几年奴役。
后来勾践被放回越国，他立志要要报亡国之仇。
从此每天夜里睡在稻草上，每天吃饭前吃一个苦胆，以提醒自己不忘记过去的耻辱和仇恨。
经过十年艰苦奋斗，越过终于雪耻战胜吴国。
初中英语时文阅读02-中华传统文化篇2(原卷版)
初中英语时文阅读2（中华传统文化篇）文章导读阅读理解A篇：放假、纳凉、外卖……古代人生活方式是如何的呢？B篇：中秋节和感恩节，都是与家人团聚一起的节日。
C篇：火锅、东坡肉、餐桌礼仪......探寻中国饮食文化D篇：国学故事。
千金买马首。
E篇：国学故事。
用人如器。
完形填空Cloze1中国传统经典故事——闻鸡起舞。
Cloze2中国传统经典故事——滴水穿石。
Cloze3中国传统经典故事——仓颉造字。
语法填空国学故事——见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也A阅读理解Weekends,air conditioners(空调),takeouts…are all common things for modern people.Have you ever wondered if ancient people enjoyed the same lifestyles?Let’s take a look.No weekendsIn ancient China,there were no weekends because people did not use a weekly calendar.But they could still relax after work.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-AD220),officials(官员)took one day off every five days. During the Tang Dynasty(618-907),officials worked for10days and rested for one day.They usually bathed and washed their hair on their day off,which was called xiumu(休沐).There were also many public holidays in ancient times,such as Spring Festival,winter solstice and Mid-Autumn Festival.People like farmers and businessmen usually worked most of the year,but even the most hard-working people would take a few days off during Spring Festival.Smart ways of staying coolIn modern times,we can enjoy cold drinks in air-conditioned rooms to stay cool.In ancient times,though people didn’t have these things,they had their own wisdom to get through the heated summer.As early as the Zhou Dynasty,there was a special department(部门)called the“ice administration”whose workers were responsible for collecting ice blocks(冰块)in winter and storing them in an icehouse.When summer came,people could take the ice blocks home and use them to make their rooms cooler.The ice could also be used to make cold drinks.The“bingjian(冰鉴)”was a type of ancient fridge.It was a big box made of ceramic(陶),wood or metal(金属)filled with ice.People would put drinks inside and close the lid(盖子),and the drinks would become colder over time.There was a kind of pillow made of porcelain(瓷器)that felt pleasantly cool.It is said that Emperor Qianlong (1711-99)of the Qing Dynasty liked these pillows.Ancient people also wove reeds(芦苇)or bamboo into bed mats (垫子)to sleep on.They’re still used today.Takeouts not a new thingWith a takeouts app,you can order any dishes you’d like to eat and they just come to your door within minutes.In fact,takeout is not a new thing.There was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty(960-1279).According to history books,Emperor Xiaozong(1127-1194)liked to order takeout late at night.His servants would go around the city to pick up dishes and bring them back to the palace.Ordinary people also ordered takeout.Restaurant waiters would go out into the streets and yell(吆喝)out which dishes could be ordered that day.People would then place an ter,delivery(递送)workers would bring food to their homes.In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》),a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery with food in hand.People at the time even had special meal boxes for takeout dishes.It was a long wooden box with several layers.They also used warming plates made of two layers of porcelain(瓷).Hot water could be put between them to keep dishes warm.1.Why were there no weekends in ancient times?A.Because ancient people were more hard-working than modern ones.B.Because ancient people didn’t use a weekly calendar.C.Because the emperors didn’t allow their people to have a rest.D.Because ancient people wanted to make more money.2.How many ways are mentioned to stay cool in ancient China in the passage?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.3.How did people in ancient times keep takeout dishes warm?A.They put hot water between plates.B.They lit candles under the dishes.C.They covered the dishes with thick cloth.D.They walked fast to deliver(送)the dishes.4.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.In ancient China,people like farmers and businessmen worked all year round.B.Ancient people used bed mats made of silk to stay cool.C.Along the River During the Qingming Festival was painted in Song Dynasty.D.Modern people still have the same lifestyles as ancient people.5.Where can we read this passage probably?A.In a novel.B.In a science book.C.In a history magazine.D.In a cooking book.B，阅读理解Family is important for everyone,no matter if you are from China or abroad.So in both East and West,we have festivals to celebrate family reunions.These festivals include Mid-Autumn Festival in China and Thanksgiving in the US.How are they celebrated and what are the differences?Let’s take a look.Sharing the moonlightWith delicious moon cakes hitting the shops,the Mid-Autumn Festival arrives.It’s on the15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.In ancient China,the day was considered a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been collected from the fields.The full moon is a symbol for family reunions(tuanyuan means reunion in Chinese,with yuan meaning round). Chinese people celebrate by coming together to eat,drink and be happy.On the day,food offerings(供品)are traditionally placed at altars(供桌)set up in old yards.Moon cakes are a special festival food.When it gets dark,people look up at the full moon and drink wine to celebrate or remember friends and relatives who are far from home.“Though miles apart,could men but live forever dreaming they shared this moonlight endlessly!(但愿人长久，千里共婵娟)”wrote Song Dynasty poet Su Shi.Showing our thanksThanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday of November.The first Thanksgiving was in December of1621.About 100English people took a ship,the Mayflower,to a place they named Plymouth in the northeastern US.The winter there was very cold and life was difficult.The American Indians(印第安人)helped them a lot.The English peopleinvited the American Indians to have a big meal to thank them for all of their help.The celebration lasted for three days.Today,people usually have a family meal on Thanksgiving.They enjoy delicious food such as pumpkins,corn and a big,golden turkey.There are other traditions on the day.For example,the turkey has a V-shaped bone in the breast.It’s called a wishbone.After roasting,two people each take one end of the bone.They make a wish and then pull.If you get the larger part of the bone,you will get good luck.The most important part of Thanksgiving is to say“thanks”–this is the spirit of the holiday.People also like to watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade(游行)on TV or play American football.1.What do people usually do on the Mid-Autumn Festival?a.harvest crops.b.get together with familyc.eat mooncakesd.remember friends and family far awaye.write poetryA.abcB.bcdC.cdeD.ade2.What is the most important part of Thanksgiving?A．To express thanks for help B.To get the larger part of the V-shaped bone.C.To get together with familyD.To enjoy delicious food3.What do the two festivals have in common?A.They both last for3days.B.They both have paradesC.They both have family mealsD.Their traditional food both include chicken.4.What’s the main idea of this paragraph?A.How the two festivals came into being.B.Which festival is more traditionalC.How the two festivals are celebrated and what the differences are.D.Different cultures have different meaning and customs.C，阅读理解China has rich food culture.There are interesting stories behind some cuisine(菜肴),as well as table manners relating to tableware(餐具).HotpotHotpot has been popular among Chinese people for a long time.As early as in the Shang Dynasty(c.16thcentury–11th century BC),people boiled foods in bronze cauldrons(青铜鼎).The cauldron had two parts–one was the pot to cook foods in soup,and the other part was a layer(层)or a space inside the cauldron to hold firewood.People started to have lattice(分格的)hotpot during the Han Dynasty(206BC–AD220).They divided pots into several parts to enjoy different flavors(口味).Yuan Mei was a poet and foodie(美食家)in the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911).He mentioned huoguo,the Chinese name for hotpot,in a book about all kinds of food.At that time,hotpot was very popular.People put all kinds of meat and vegetables into the hotpot.They also used different materials,such as copper(铜)and iron(铁),to make pots.Dongpo porkThere is a famous Chinese dish called“Dongpo pork”.Does it have anything to do with the great poet Su Dongpo?Yes.Su Dongpo(Su Shi)was a poet who lived during the Song Dynasty(960-1279).He was the first to make this dish.When he was a local official in Huangzhou,Hubei,he fell in love with cooking pork.In his article Ode to Pork(《猪肉颂》),Su wrote about how to cook it.According to folk stories,the dish became well-known when Su went to Hangzhou,Zhejiang,to take office. One day,there was a big flood and Su went out to help people.People heard that Su loved eating pork,so they gave him a lot of it.But Su wanted to give it back.He cooked the pork in his own special way.Then he gave the dish to every family in the city and every worker on the street.Very soon the dish became famous in Hangzhou and got the name“Dongpo pork”.ChopsticksWhat are the dos and don’ts of using chopsticks?For Chinese people,chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.They come with their own special rules and traditions.First,people should not make noise with chopsticks.Playing with chopsticks is seen as rude,just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country is.There are also some superstitions(迷信)related to chopsticks.For example,some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl.It looks like the incense(香)that Chinese people use to honor(祭奠)the dead.Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck.You should not tap chopsticks on the edge(边缘)of the bowl either,as beggars do this to ask for food.1.When did people start to have lattice hotpots?A.During the Shang Dynasty.B.During the Qin Dynasty.C.During the Han Dynasty.D.During the Qing Dynasty.2.According to the story,what did Yuan Mei do?A.He added a layer of space to the bronze cauldrons.B.He wrote about hotpot in his book about cuisine.C.He taught people to cook meat and vegetables together.D.He used different materials to make pots.3.“Dongpo pork”was named after Su Dongpo because_____.A.he created the dishB.he wrote a poem to praise the dishC.he spread the dish to more citiesD.people made the dish to remember him4.People gave Su a lot of pork after he fought the flood because_____.A.Su tried hard to help themB.they wanted Su to praise their porkC.they wanted Su to cook pork for themD.they wanted to learn how to cook pork5.What is a taboo（禁忌）when Chinese people are using chopsticks?ing chopsticks to pick up food for guests.ying chopsticks sideways on the table.C.Sticking chopsticks in the food and leaving them upright.D.Picking up things other than food with chopsticksD，阅读理解During the Warring States Period(475-221BC),King Zhao of the State of Yan(燕昭王)wanted to gather talented people to make the state strong.He asked the scholar(有学问的人)GuoWei for advice.Guo told the king a story.In ancient times,there was a king who wanted a special kind of horse.Thishorse could run1,000li a day.It was called qianlima.He sent many people to findthese horses and buy them for him.After three years,nobody found him such a horse.One day,someone new volunteered to help.Within three months,he heard abouta qianlima.He rushed to find it,but the horse was already dead.Still,he bought the bones of the horse with500pieces of gold.The king was very angry.“What I want is a live horse,not the bones of a dead horse!”The man answered calmly(冷静地),“Imagine this.You’re willing to pay a high price for a dead horse,let alone a live one.This shows people you truly wish to buy the horses.Just wait and the horses you want will come very soon.”Indeed(的确),within a year,many qianlima owners brought their horses to the king.Guo told the king that he could see himself as the bones of the horse.“If I am valued(重视),more talent will be willing(愿意的)to serve the state,”he said.The king built houses for Guo and treated him as a teacher.Soon, talented people across the state came to help the king.His state finally beat the State of Qi.We can better understand the story by reading the essay(文章)On Horses(《马说》)by Han Yu,a writer in the Tang Dynasty.In the essay,Han wrote that qianlima are common,but a person who can find them is rare.It tells us that talented people are common.Finding them is difficult.The story helps us understand that talented people are important to society.They deserve(应得)respect. President Xi Jinping once told this story to officials,asking them to respect talented people.More importantly,the story pushes us to think about our own talents.It means to develop your all-around(全面的)abilities and create opportunities for yourself.Instead of waiting for someone to find you,you can actively sell yourself.1.What did King Zhao of the State Yan actually want to have?A.Talented people.B.Qianlima.C.The bones of a qianlima.D.Wealth.2.In Guo’s story,the king got angry with the man because he thought_____.A.qianlima weren’t the best horses in the worldB.there wasn’t a qianlima in the worldC.the bones were not from a qianlimaD.a dead horse was of no use at all3.What was the man’s reason for buying the bones of a dead horse?A.It could help the king gather talented people.B.Horse owners would see the king’s need for qianlima.C.More people would kill their horses to sell horse bones.D.The king could tell qianlima from common horses this way.4.Guo compared himself to_____in the story he told.A.the volunteerB.the kingC.the bones of a dead qianlimaD.the qianlima ownerE，阅读理解During the Tang Dynasty(618-907),Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister(宰相)Feng Deyi to recommend(推荐)talented people.However,several months passed,Feng didn’t recommend anyone.“I tried my best,but there are not unusual and well-rounded people at all,”Feng said.“People are like utensils(器物).What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths.You should blame (责怪)yourself for not noticing talented people.How could you say that there are no talented people in our era?”said the emperor.Indeed(的确),each utensil or tool has a specific function(功能).A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food.We can’t use a knife as a chopstick.Like a utensil,each person has a particular strength. Nobody is perfect.We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.With this idea in mind,Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds.He offered them important positions,which helped them make the most of their talents.His talented people helped the society develop and created a“golden age”.A good example is Ma Zhou,who grew up in a poor family.Ma gave a lot of useful advice,so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted(晋升)him many times.Ma helped the emperor deal with complicated issues and became a well-known person in history.Chang Sheng,Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China explains as followings:As long as a person is talented in one aspect,we should give them a chance.The same idea can be found in the Analects of Confucius(《论语》).Treating people as utensils shows not only good leadership,but a sincere and inclusive(包容的)attitude.President Xi Jinping once told this story to officials,asking them to value talented people.Today,as the division of labor(劳动分工)in society is becoming clearer,the idea still makes sense.If webecome leaders someday,we should help others give full play to their strengths.For example,Liu Bang,the founder of Han Dynasty(206BC-AD220),let Zhang Liang and Xiao He work as advisors for their wisdom while inviting Han Xin to lead the army for his war strategies.Known as the“three heroes of the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strong dynasty.1.Why couldn’t Feng Deyi find any talented people in Taizong’s opinion?A.There were no talented people then.B.His standards were wrong.C.He was afraid of being replaced.D.He was dissatisfied with the emperor.2.Knives and chopsticks are compared to_____.A.positionsB.strengthsC.toolsD.people3.Ma Zhou is a good example of people who_____.A.have no talent but are still usefulB.are unusual and well-roundedC.know when to take a chanceD.show talent in the right field4.What might be Chang Sheng’s opinion?A.People with any talent should be valued.B.Talented people are difficult to discover.ing people as tools is taking advantage of them.ing people as tools doesn’t work today.5.What is the main message of the story?A.Opportunity only comes to those who are prepared.B.There is no such thing as a great talent without great willpower.C.Talented people should be valued and led to the right place.D.Pearls are everywhere but not the same as eyes.完形填空Cloze1Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty.He was____1____for his hard work and great achievements.But when he was a child,he was a naughty(顽皮的)boy who showed little____2____in reading.As he grew up,Zu Ti___3____he didn’t have enough knowledge.And he deeply felt that he could not serve his country well.So he made up his mind to study hard.Zu Ti had a___4____friend named Liu Kun.They had a deep friendship.So they stayed together every day. They even slept on one bed every night and___5___at the same time every morning.One day,when they were____6____,Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing(打鸣).An____7___came to him.He woke up Liu Kun and said,“How about getting up to play swords(剑)?”Though he was still sleepy,Liu Kun agreed with Zu Ti gladly.From then on,they got up and played swords as soon as the rooster began crowing.They kept their words day after day. They never gave up no matter how___8___in winter or hot in summer.Besides,they began to study history____9___and put all their energy into reading books.In this way,they learned a great deal of knowledge and made much progress.A few years later,both of them grew up with talents and wisdom.At last,their___10____ came true and they made great contributions to their country.This is the Chinese idiom story To Rise with the Rooster.1.A.ready B.famous te D.sorry2.A.pride B.respect C.interest D.kindness3.A.realized B.decided C.imagined D.promised4.A.rich B.busy C.same D.close5.A.picked up B.got up C.gave up D.made up6.A.fighting B.discussing C.sleeping D.reading7.A.order B.idea C.exam D.ability8.A.long B.dry C.cold D.quiet9.A.carefully B.politely C.probably D.recently10.A.mistakes B.dreams C.hobbies D.difficulties完形填空Cloze2During the Song Dynasty(960-1279),there was an official named Zhang Guaiya____1____worked in Chongyang county(县),in today’s Hubei.Theft was common–even money from the county’s vault(钱库) _____2____.One day,Zhang saw a low-ranking official(小吏)____3____out of the vault in a panic(慌张).Zhang stopped him and asked,“Why are you____4____such a hurry?”“No reason,”said the official.Zhang remembered the things stolen from the vault.So he asked the guards to search the official___5____. They found a copper coin(铜钱)in____6_____headband(头巾).Zhang asked him how much more money he had stolen.The official refused to admit(承认)that he stole ____7_____.Zhang ordered the guards to beat him.The official didn’t____8____.He said,“I only stole a copper coin.You____9____kill me just because of that!”Zhang was very angry.He wrote with a red pen,“If you steal a coin every day,there____10____a thousand coins after a thousand days.Constant dripping wears away a stone(水滴石穿).”“Constant dripping wears away a stone.”This saying____11_____us that small things done over time can make a big____12______.On the one hand,it reminds us____13_____small bad things.On the other hand,it tells us to persevere(坚持不懈).Take learning a language,for example.There is no shortcut(捷径)to success.You have to persist,learning new words,reading and writing.Within a short period,you might not see progress.But____14____you stick to it for months or years,you will make breakthroughs(突破).President Xi Jinping once mentioned(提到)this saying in a1990speech he made in Ningde,Fujian.Believing in it,Xi led local people to work hard____15_____get rid of poverty(摆脱贫困).He often used it to encourage officials to fight against poverty.1.A.which B.whom C.who D.\2.A.stole B.was stole C.was stolen D.were stolene es C.came D.to come4.A.on B.in C.at D.for5.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.careless6.A.he B.his C.him D.himself7.A.something else B.else something C.anything else D.else anything8.A.give up B.give in C.give away D.give off9.A.can’t B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t10.A.are B.have C.will be D.will have11.A.tell B.told C.is told D.tells12.A.different B.differently C.difference D.differences13.A.not doing B.don’t do C.not to do D.not to do14.A.unless B.although C.because D.if15.A.so B.or C.and D.but完形填空Cloze3In ancient Chinese stories,Cangjie created characters(文字).Cangjie was___1___,so the leader Huangdi gave him the job of recording things.However,Cangjie found that the job became more___2___as the number of the things to record grew.He wanted to___3___a way to solve the problem.One day,Cangjie went hunting with several other people.He___4___the hunters chose their way by looking at the different footprints(脚印)of animals.After seeing this,Cangjie thought___5___there were different signs for different things,he could remember all the important things easily.Through hard work,he___6___created the signs for writing.Huangdi was happy with Cangjie’s work and asked him to teach the signs to others.They all ___7___Cangjie.Over time he got proud.Cangj ie was teaching a class one day.An old man___8___to him carefully.After the class,the old man asked Cangjie,“The signs you___9___for the horse and the dog show they have four legs.A cow also has four legs.But why doesn’t the sign for the cow show that?”Cangjie found he mixed the two signs up when teaching.He felt very___10___for that.From then on, Cangjie was more careful about his work.1.A.kind B.shy C.smart D.brave2.A.expensive B.interesting C.surprising D.difficult3.A.find out B.talk about y out D.take up4.A.thought B.noticed C.agreed D.hoped5.A.and B.but C.if D.because6.A.quickly B.clearly C.finally D.easily7.A.missed B.thanked C.touched D.helped8.A.listened B.talked C.walked D.pointed9.A.created B.copied C.changed D.called10.A.relaxed B.safe C.excited D.sorry语法填空No one is an island,so without a doubt,we____1______(influence)by others.When we see people of high morality(道德),we can follow their lead and learn from them.But when we see someone who may not be good, what should we do?Confucius,the_____2_____(famous)teacher and philosopher(哲学家)in ancient China, might give us an answer.见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。
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千里走单骑
建安五年（公元 200年），刘备兵败投袁绍，关羽被曹操所俘，曹操礼遇甚厚，拜为偏将军，封为汉寿亭侯，但关羽身在曹营心在汉，“降汉不降曹”；为报曹操知遇之恩，他策马千万众之中，杀颜良，诛文丑，解曹军白马之围；曹操更加喜爱关公，
当时，曹操为知道关羽有没有久留的心意，叫张辽用人情试探。
关羽对张辽叹息道：“我知道曹公对我的厚爱，但我受刘备将军的厚恩，发誓共死，不可背弃。
我终不会留下，在为曹公立下功劳后我便会离去。
”张辽向曹操表明，曹操知道关羽会离去，反而重加赏赐，想要留住他，可关羽虽然投降曹操，但是身在曹营心在汉，当他得知自己大哥刘备的消息后，关羽尽封曹操的赏赐，留书告辞，想回到刘备身边。
由于关羽的离开没有得到曹操的手谕，因此曹操的部下们一路上层层拦阻，但关羽凭借一己之力，过了五个关隘，斩曹操六员大将,东岭关杀孔秀；洛阳城杀韩福；汜水关杀卞喜；过荥阳时杀王植；过黄河渡口时杀秦琪；在张飞占的古城外杀蔡阳，后来，曹操认为各为其主而阻止再继续追杀。
民间文化把这一段故事叫做“千里走单骑”。