2012大学英语四级模拟题(备考最佳选择)

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2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题仿真卷4(含解析).pdf

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题仿真卷4(含解析).pdf

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题仿真卷4 第一部分 听力理解(共30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1.What did the man win in his dream? A.A holiday. B.A new car. C.Some money. 2.Will the woman come to the party? A.Maybe. B.No. C.Certainly. 3.How long has the woman been an author? A.About 30 years. B.About 40 years. C.About 70 years. 4.What does the woman want? A.A radio. B.Some pens. C.Some batteries. 5.What is the woman doing? A.Asking for information. B.Asking for an apology. C.Asking for help. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面6段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题。

听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6,7题。

6.How many coats does the woman want? A.25. B.30. C.50. 7.What is the order number for gloves? A.P25G5. B.P26T5. C.P28D5. 听第7段材料,回答第8,9题。

2012年12月大学英语四级试题模拟试卷一答案解析

2012年12月大学英语四级试题模拟试卷一答案解析

Part I Writing参考范文Will phones kill letter writing?Today ,with the quick pace of life ,people ,especially young people ,usually do not have as much time to write letters as before.They communicate with each other through the electric line.They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing.But I don’t think it is the case.It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone.However ,letter writing makes people think clearly.When a person writes ,he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically.In addition ,letters give you a chance to read them again.Isn‘t it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends?Isn’t it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?So if you have time ,write a letter right now ,and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)原文精译动物的运动除了缺少剧情音乐之外,这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景:一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着,尾巴就像钟摆一样来回地摆动。

2012.12cet4考题:英语四级测试阅读模拟考题

2012.12cet4考题:英语四级测试阅读模拟考题

2012.12cet4考题:英语四级测试阅读模拟考题Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.精品 2012年英语四级备考资料高清名师精品课程推荐2012年英语四级报考指南历年英语四级真题汇总For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert RaceWhen 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Department’s firstmillion-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvania’s Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees(热爱者), however, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this year’s race, dubbed(被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturday’s Grand Challenge. The 175-mile(282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last year’s run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.“When the first team out of the chute(斜道)—Mojavaton, a small team out of Colorado—made it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special,” said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate indangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harm’s way.A U.S. Congress mandate(训令)requires thatone-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweetening its offer with the two-million-dollar purse.None of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this year’s race. DARPA won’t reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course-including a steel—enforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicle’s global positioning system—are made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computer’s brain has to figure out howto resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road.“Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store,” Kurjanowicz said. “These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver.”Among the top contenders in Saturday’s race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine corps.In last year’s race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.“We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn that’s equivalent to that of a Humvee,” he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the othercompetitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg(小桶)stuck on the back and an on-off switch that says “brain.”“Most of the schools and organizations we’re up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles,” said team leader Chris “C.J.” Pedersen, a former actor. “Our [vehicle] is a custom-built, 21st-century hot rod... complete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side.”Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒)over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last year’s race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldn’t find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages.“We’re smaller and go a lot more places,” hesaid while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. “We’re also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys’ machines.”Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut this week’s qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot—or the Ragin’ Cajun—a converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturday’s race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at California’s Stanford University. It was the only vehicl e that didn’t hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPA’s Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.“The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesn’t tell people how to solve the problem,” he said. “The community has come up with its own elegantsolutions.”1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.2. Last year’s robot race in Nevada was a great success.3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this year’s race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this week’s qualifying races.7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the ________________.9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is ________________.10. The only vehicle that didn’t hit an obstacle in the trial runs is ________________.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming andScanning)1. N 本题考察文章的大意,可在做完后面9题后再解答。

2012级+四级听力模拟题

2012级+四级听力模拟题

2012级 四级听力训练 20. 20. A) Buying a pair of gloves. A) Buying a pair of gloves. B) Buying a scarf. C) Choosing a necklace. D) Choosing something nice and expensive. 21. 21. A) Some cosmetics. A) Some cosmetics. B) Some jewelry. C) Some candy. D) Some stylish clothes. 22. 22. A) To use a credit card for payment. A) To use a credit card for payment. B) To choose a suitable greeting card for him. C) To put in a greeting card with the gift. D) To get the present wrapped up. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. 23. A) Work. A) Work. B) Study. C) Eat dinner. D) See a movie. 24. 24. A) Working. A) Working. B) Studying. C) Dancing. D) Eating. 25. 25. A) To complain about school. A) To complain about school. B) To explain working hours. C) To request help in finding books. D) To set a time to meet again. Section B: Passages (10 points) Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. 26. A) Every other day. A) Every other day. B) Twice a week. C) Twice a day. D) Only during the summer. 27. 27. A) The heat of the sun. A) The heat of the sun. B) The pull of the sun and the moon. C) The shape of the moon. D) The light of the moon. 28. 28. A) The moon is directly over it. A) The moon is directly over it. B) The moon disappears over the horizon. C) There is no tide. D) There is a low tide. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. 29. A) Visiting friends. A) Visiting friends. B) Taking pictures. C) Buying presents for his family. D) All of the above. 30. 30. A) A shirt. A) A shirt. B) An alarm clock. C) A woolen sweater. D) A suitcase. 31. 31. A) Because he forgot one of his suitcases. A) Because he forgot one of his suitcases. B) Because he was asked to get off. C) Because he wanted to go out to smoke. D) Because he had lost his passport. 32. 32. A) Alarm clocks are not allowed on board a plane. A) Alarm clocks are not allowed on board a plane. B) The man had a time bomb in his suitcase. C) The ticking of the alarm clock caused him a little trouble. D) The airline official and the police officer played a joke on him. skilled at enjoying the present are often (36) ______________ as "living in the moment." There are two ways of being in the moment, says Jay Koch, a (37)_______________worker and counselor. "One is block out all thoughts and (38) ________________ on an external task, like, say, hitting a golf ball. Another is to det oneself from one's thoughts (39) _______________ negative thoughts in order to achieve a state of (40)____________ The key to more fully experiencing the moment you're in is the ability to relax. Which isn't (41) ________________Koch says setting aside 10 minutes a day to spend alone, in (42) _____________, is the first step. "Then just sit breathe, and each time you exhale, focus your attention on your exhaling breath. As you become (43)_____________ "Observe your thoughts, but don't allow them to stay with you. (44) ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________." Koch says studies have shown that (45) ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. "This, in turn, helps create the state of mind that allows you to more fully experience the moment," he says. (46) "_ ______________________________________________________________________________________________.”To a great degree, mental health is related to how well you manage your emotions. This (36)________________ bot yourself as well as feeling good about interactions with your family, friends, (37) ______________, is (38)________________ (38)________________ (38)________________ human. of (39) (39) (39) _______________sorrow. _______________sorrow. Emotional adjustment also contributes to (40) ________________ an evenness through the ups and downs of life withou the (41) _______________ of experiencing continual (42) _________________ highs and/or lows. Emotions also warn us of danger and give us a way to express and receive love and (43) _______________, as well as anger and sorrow. (44) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________. This person can prescribe treatment that usually __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Others have somehow learned that we should not even have emotions about certain events. (46) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________. 31. 31. A) The invention of machines. A) The invention of machines. B) The invention of the alphabet. C) The invention of rockets. D) The invention of agriculture. 32. 32. A) They spent all their time looking for food. A) They spent all their time looking for food. B) Men had to go out hunting but women didn't. C) Women stayed at home and looked after the animals. D) They kept animals and killed them for food. Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. 33. A) About 10,000°A) About 10,000°F . B) About 20,000,000F°F . C) About 2,000,000°F . D) About 20,000°F . 34. 34. A) Masses. A) Masses. B) Molten lava. C) Gasses. D) Unknown substances. 35. 35. A) It's a well-known fact. A) It's a well-known fact. B) It's a common assumption. C) It's an unfounded theory. D) It’s a scientific belief. Section C Compound Dictation (10 points)I I asked successful people what asked successful people what the secret of their success was. was. I I I (36) (36) (36) ___________an early ___________an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. "Oh, I just keep a To Do List," he said. I passed over that quickly, little (37) _____the importance of what he said. I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with a businessman who (38) _____________ owned the town was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five (39) ________________companies, and had his hand in dozen other enterprise. I asked him how he (40)_________________ to get everything done. "Oh, that's easy. " he said. keep a To Do List." The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to (41) ________________ day. He would (42)______________ the items in (43) ____________. During the day he would cross off items and a others as they occurred to him. In the evening (44) _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. His goal was to cross off every single item. (45) ________________________________________________________________________________________, the To Do List has come up. I have found that one difference between people at the top of the ladder and people bottom is that (46) _________________________________________________________________________________. 。

2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一试题册

2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一试题册

2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。

1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向许多人寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an Occupation___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.DepressionDepression is a common type of mental disorder — most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly. Confusion about depression is commonplace: for example, about what depression is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression that people may experience. There have been so many terms used to describe this set of feelings we‟ve all felt at one time or another in our lives, to one degree or another, that it is time to set the record straight.1. Types of DepressionDepressive disorders come in different forms, just as other illnesses such as heart disease. This passage briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence.Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime.A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives.Another type of depression is bipolar disorder, which is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they aregradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase may feel elated and full of grand schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees.2. Symptoms of DepressionDepression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few symptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time.·Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood·Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism·Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness·Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed·Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down”·Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions·Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping·Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain·Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts·Restlessness, irritability·Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain3. Risk Factors of DepressionWhile depression can strike anyone at any time, research has identified several factors associated with an increased risk for depression:Family History —Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression.Early Childhood Experience — Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression.Stress — Negative life events, such as divorce, loss of a loved one or loss of employment are associated with increased depression. Research shows that chronic stresses (such as illness, lack of social support and numerous “daily hassles”) are also linked to depression.Alcohol —Depression and alcoholism is often seen in the same patients at the same time. Alcohol is a depressant drug and its presence in a depressed person has serious implications for treatment outcome.Residence —Depression seems to be higher in urban residents than in rural residents. In fact, one study found that depression was twice as common among city dwellers as among those who lived in rural areas.Marital Status —Depression is highest among divorced, separated, or co-habitating people. It is lowest among single and married people. People living alone have higher rates of depression than those living with others do.Work Status — Research shows that people unemployed for six months or more in the last five years had a rate of depression three times that of the general population.Physical Illness —Certain physical illnesses are associated with depression, such as thyroid disorder, hormonal imbalances, chronic viral infections, cancer and heart diseases.Gender — It is estimated that one out of every four women and one out of every ten men experience some type of depression during their lifetime. While women suffer from depression more often and attempt suicide more frequently, men are more successful in their suicide attempts. Women also suffer from unique forms of depression related to their unique biology and life experiences.Age — Most people experience their first episode of depression between the ages of 20 and 40. In fact, the average age of onset of depression is the mid-20s. Alarmingly, recent research shows that the average age of onset is decreasing with each generation. Children, adolescents and elderly persons often display unique symptoms of depression and have specific stressful events that predispose them to depression.Ethnic and cultural groups — The World Health Organization named depression the fourth most devastating illness in the world today and predicted that it would become the second ranked illness by 2020. No ethnic or cultural group is immune. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, ethnic and cultural differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment.Tobacco — Increased tobacco use has been noted in depressed persons and individuals with underlying or current depressive symptoms are likely to experience mood disturbances when they attempt to quit.4. Treatments for DepressionFortunately, there are many effective treatment options for depression. To be most effective, treatment should be specifically tailored to each individual. That is why a detailed interview by a mental health professional is extremely valuable. Established treatments for depression may include:·antidepressant medications·psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy” or “counseling”)All of these treatments have been shown to treat depression successfully. The choice of treatment will be determined by several factors, including the type and severity of depression, by previous treatment history, and patient preference. A combination of medications and psychotherapy is used to treat most patients, although mild forms of depression may be treated with psychotherapy alone.Effective treatment is based on an accurate assessment, which identifies the causes of depression in any person. Usually depression is a result of biological, psychological and social factors, and an effective treatment plan is one that identifies all of these and develops strategies to reduce their frequency and intensity.注意:此部分试题1—7选择题部分请用2B铅笔涂到答题卡2上,8—10填空题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月英语四级考前预测3套题+答案!

2012年12月英语四级考前预测3套题+答案!

2012年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition one topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市,有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的大问题有……3. 我对这种现象的想法City ProblemsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New OrleansAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated (毁坏)city, one question is whether to wall off—or work with—the water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, scientists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, that's bound to change, says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster, he says, it's that 'now we've got a clean slate to start from."Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly below sea level, keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Venice's long-standing adaptations, say it's best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence—a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the options can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildingsand highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal."We can't say for sure until this job is done," says Day, "but the emerging picture is exactly what we've predicted for years." Namely, several canals—including the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s—have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the city's eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. "One of the first things we'll see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal," predicts Day, "which could take a couple of years."The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be shored up further in the months to come, although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile dam system, much like a storm surge barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone.After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 (now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project). Wetland restoration was a key component. "It's one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses," says Day, who chaired its scientific advisory committee.Although the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. "The results are as good as we could have hoped," he says, with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per year—enough to offset rising sea levels, says Day.Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his ph.D. at LSU: shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he says, "so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem?" The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level "in 50 to 60 years," he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts. Boumans even takes it a step further: "You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float."Whether that is technically or politically feasible—Day, for one, calls it "not likely" —remains to be seen, especially because until now, the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there, and where. "there may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return," says Bill Good, an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Survey's Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, "Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude." Every level of government is sure to be involved, and "the process is likely to be ad hoc."Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have "a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions," says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. "I hope that we don't let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the rush to rebuild the city:"1. The passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Two examples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.3. The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.4. The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.5. The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.6. The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland restoration.7. The plan of Coast 2050 will get billions of federal funding.8. New Orleans will likely sink ________________ by 2100.9. Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment________________.10. How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also ________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The man doesn't want to see Mr. Williams.[B] Mr. Jones is in an inferior position to Mr. Williams.[C] Mr. Jones used to be in charge.[D] Mr. Williams doesn't want to see the man.12. [A] They need to make more efforts. [C]The others have done the greater part of it.[B] She felt a bit annoyed. [D] They've finished more than half of it.13. [A] She felt very sorry. [C] She was in a hurry.[B] She felt a bit annoyed. [D] She was surprised.14. [A] The knife belongs to him. [C] The man once borrowed Bob's knife.[B] Bob should mind his own business. [D] Bob's knife isn't as good as that of the man.15. [A] He'll miss the meeting that afternoon. [C] He won't miss the meeting.[B] He can't have an appointment with the host. [D] He is a hardworking man.16. [A] Because she didn't fulfill her promise.[B] Because her mother would be very angry.[C] Because she can't finish the job ahead of schedule.[D]Because she would be the last to finish the job.17. [A] He always talks on the phone for that long if it's toll free.[B] They had so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.[C] They talked on the phone for too long.[D] He wants to know what they talked about.18. [A] At a restaurant. [C] In the office.[B] At the cinema. [D] At a department store.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] He is a teacher of English in Cambridge. [C] He is a consultant to a Scottish company.[B] He is a specialist in computer science. [D] He is a British tourist to China.20. [A] 22℃ [C] 25℃[B] 23℃ [D] 34℃21. [A] With an English family. [C] With a language teacher.[B] In a flat near the college. [D] In a student dormitory.22. [A] Certain things cannot be learned from books.[B] Foreign students had better live on campus.[C] Choice of where to live varies from person to person.[D] British families usually welcome foreign students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Ways to determine the age of a fossil. [C] A comparison of two shellfish fossils.[B] The identity of a fossil the woman found. [D] Plans for a field trip to look for fossils.24. [A] He has never seen a fossil that old. [C] It is probably a recent specimen.[B] It could be many millions of years old. [D] He will ask the lab how old it is.25. [A] Take it to class. [C] Take it to the lab.[B] Put it in her collection. [D] Leave it with her professor.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] She didn't want to be a typist. [C] She was not enthusiastic about typing.[B] She was not energetic enough to do the job. [D] She never went to a university.27. [A] Because nobody wanted to hire her as a pilot.[B] Because she wanted to prove that a woman could fly an airplane.[C] Her parents didn't want to hire a pilot.[D] She did not have enough money to hire a pilot.28. [A] Vienna. [C] India.[B] Baghdad. [D] Australia.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Reading magazine articles. [C] Writing research papers.[B] Reviewing book reports. [D] Selecting information sources.30. [A] Gathering non-relevant materials. [C] Sharing notes with someone else.[B] Stealing another person's ideas. [D] Handing in assignments late.31. [A] In the student's own words. [C] In short phrases.[B] In direct quotations. [D] In shorthand.32. [A] It should be assimilated thoroughly. [C] It should be paraphrased by the author.[B] It should be enclosed in quotation marks. [D] It should be authorized by the source.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Seasonal variations in nature.[B] How intelligence changes with the change of seasons.[C] How we can improve our intelligence.[D] Why summer is the best season for vacation.34. [A] Summer. [C] Fall.[B] Winter. [D] Spring.35. [A] All people are less intelligent in summer than in the other seasons of the year.[B] Heat has no effect on people's mental abilities.[C] People living near the equator are the most intelligent.[D] Both climate and temperature exert impact on people's intelligence.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Building after building under water. (36) ________ in shelters. Thousands of others unsure where to go. (37) ________ for help. Anarchy. Bodies in streets. This is what one of America's historic cities was (38) ________ to this week by a powerful storm, Katrina.Officials want everyone still left in New Orleans, Louisiana, to leave for now. The (39) ________ of New Orleans says thousands may be dead. (40) ________ Katrina also caused death and (41) ________ in parts of Mississippi and Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico. Federal officials reported Friday that more than one million five hundred thousand homes and businesses (42) ________ without electric power.New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi Gras (43) ________ and night life in the French Quarter.(44) ________________________. New Orleans has depended on levees, dams made of earth, to control floods from the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.Katrina struck on Monday. New Orleans avoided a direct hit. But two of the levees failed the next day. Most of the city was flooded. Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks.(45) ________________________.America faces one of the worst natural events in its history. President Bush says the recovery will take years. (46) ________________________. The Bush administration is expected to ask for more in the weeks to come.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Blue is the world's favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue lighthas seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.[A] represented [I] activity[B] engage [J] zones[C] refreshing [K] foolish[D] surround [L] line[E] curved [M] acquires[F] dominant [N] associated[G]lower [O] rash[H] balancedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in the section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag."As she turned to go," Chadwick recalled, "she suddenly looked up at the 'sputnik' and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.""For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store."57. January is a good month for shoplifters because ________.[A] they don't need to wait for staff to serve them[B] they don't need any previous experience as thieves[C] there are so many people in the store[D] January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them58. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended ________.[A] to watch the most desirable goods [C] to frighten shoplifters by their appearance[B] to make films that can be used as evidence [D] to be used as evidence against shoplifters59. The case last October was important because ________ .[A] the store got the dresses back[B] the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters[C] other shops found out about the equipment[D] the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court60. The woman stealing perfume ________.[A] guessed what the sputniks were for [C] could see the camera filming her[B] was frightened by its shape [D] knew that the detective had seen her61. The woman's action before leaving the store shows that she ________.[A] was sorry for what she had done[B] was afraid she would be arrested[C]decided she didn't want what she had picked up[D] wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anythingPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct. Or is it? Carcharodon Megalodon, commonly known as Megalodon, is believed to have lived between 1 million and 5 million years ago and thought to have been 52 feet long. It is (or was) a shark that had a jaw 7 or more feet wide. Fairly recently, there has been some speculation about whether it is extinct or just out of reach. But few people believe that Megalodon has found a home deep in the ocean.There are many known "Living Fossils": Coelacanth, Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins, Lobsters, Sea Stars. The common ones like lobsters and sea urchins are not really looked on as anything amazing. They've been around for thousands of years or more, and are easily accessible to us. What if they weren't accessible and yet still existed? We would label them extinct. The discovery of a live Coelacanth, a fish long believed extinct, challenged some scientists' long-held beliefs on extinction. There have been recent discoveries of incredibly large squid, and deep-sea fish never before seen by scientists.In the 1960s the U.S. Navy set up underwater microphones around the world to track Soviet submarines. The network, known as the Sound Surveillance System, still lies deep below the ocean's surface in a layer of water known as the "deep sound channel". The temperature and pressure of the channel allow sound waves to travel undisturbed. NOAA's Acoustic Monitoring Project has been using the Sound Surveillance System to listen for changes in ocean structure like ocean currents or volcanic activity. Most of the sounds recorded are common and of no concern. One sound,identified in 1977 by U.S. Navy "spy" sensors, was odd. It was obviously a marine animal but the call was more powerful than any of the calls made by any other reported sea creature. It was too big for a whale. Could it be a deep-sea monster? One possibility was a giant squid, but no one is sure. It was named "Bloop". Could it be Megalodon? If Megalodon is still alive down in the bottom of the ocean, we may some day soon discover it. Then what? Deep sea diving will never be the same, that's for sure!62. The following is commonly known EXCEPT ________.[A] Megalodon, the largest shark, is extinct[B] Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach[C] Megalodon was 52 feet long and had a jaw 7 or more feet wide[D] Megalodon lived between several million years ago.63. What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is extinct?[A] The discovery of many "Living Fossils". [C] The discovery of a live Coelacanth.[B] The discovery of the fossils of lobsters. [D] The discovery of the fossils of sea urchins.64. What was special in their recorded sounds?[A] To listen for changes in ocean structure.[B] To listen for changes of ocean currents or volcanic activity.[C] To Make sure whether there was a giant squid deep in the ocean.[D] To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.65. What was special in their recorded sounds?[A] A strange, powerful animal sound was heard. [C] A sea monster's sound was heard.[B] A big whale's sound was heard. [D] A giant squid's sound was heard.66. What can be concluded from the passage?[A] Scientists' discoveries always change people's belief.[B] There are too many secrets to be discovered.[C] Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.[D] "Deep sound channel" allows sound waves to travel undisturbed.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70 .Most Americans are able to 71 cars. The average price of a 72 made car was, 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up 73 750 in 1975. During this period American ear manufacturers set about 74 their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars. For this reason, 77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a family's total earnings today.In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average family's 80 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 81 8.3 of a family's annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 82 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years.The 84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 85 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item.67. [A] kinds [B] means [C] mean [D] types68. [A] denied [B] reproduced [C] replaced [D] ridiculed69. [A] hardly [B] nearly [C] certainly [D] somehow70. [A] trip [B] works [C] business [D] travel71. [A] buy [B] sell [C] race [D] see72. [A] quickly [B] regularly [C] rapidly [D] recently73. [A] on [B] to [C] in [D] about74. [A] raising [B] making [C] reducing [D] improving75. [A] unusual [B] interested [C] average [D] big76. [A] slowest [B] equal [C] faster [D] less77. [A] bringing [B] obtaining [C] having [D] purchasing78. [A] part [B] half [C] number [D] side79. [A] clearly [B] proportionally [C] obviously [D] suddenly80. [A] income [B] work [C] plants [D] debts81. [A] used [B] spent [C] cost [D] needed82. [A] months [B] dollar [C] family [D] year83. [A] famous [B] quick [C] superior [D] inferior84. [A] running [B] notice [C] influence [D] discussion85. [A] then [B] so [C] as [D] which86. [A] starting [B] leaving [C] keeping [D] repairingPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The chairman requested ________________________(所有书面资料都要储存在电脑硬盘上).88. ________________________ (如果我是你),I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.89. Do you mind ________________________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)?90. ________________________(考虑到各种各样的因素), our subjects should be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum.91. ________________________(理完发之后),Professor Smith went straightly to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.2010年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一答案详解Part I WritingCity ProblemsNowsdays, millions of migrant workers flock into cities in search of jobs and better living. However, with the sharp rise in the urban population, many problems arise in the development of cities.。

2012年12月英语四级考试预测试卷第三套

2012年12月英语四级考试预测试卷第三套

最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程:/wenkxd.htm(报名网址)1. Teaching is an occupation known for_______.A) high statusB) low salaryC) good welfareD) great ability2. What's the key factor to Strengthenachievement for a school?A) A good teacher.B) The class size.C) Finance.D) Textbooks.3. Merit pay attempts to pay teachersaccording to_________.A) the length of working yearB) number of titles attainedC) their working performanceD) profit they made for school4. Student test scores have become the keymeasure of teachers' performance due to __A) the lack of well-accepted standardsB) the absence of federal fundingC) strong theoretical supportD) past successful experience5. How does Hillary Clinton think about themerit pay?A) She is planning to cancel the merit payprogram.B) She advocates the merit pay forindividual teachers.C) She agrees the school staff should bepaid based on performance.D) She supports that teachers are paidbased on working experience.6. What has been the result of the meritpay program in Florida and Houston?A) It has improved the quality ofinstruction.B) It has provided more professionaltrainings.C) It has had an positive effect oneducation.D) It has turned out to be a failure.7. Merit-pay movements in the past didn'tsucceed because __A) the schools couldn't decide how muchshould a good teacher be paidB) more and more schools were run bybusiness-minded peopleC) unfairness was created when deciding whoshould get the extra moneyD) the government didn't give enoughsupport to the movement8. The annual tests for students bring anew, ______way to measure the teaching quality.9. Based on the test results in Tennessee,Sanders devised a way to measure howa teacher to student progress.10. Sanders' method was at first created asa management tool for administrators rather than __________“成千上万人疯狂下载。

2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题

2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题

2012年大学英语四级考试考试样题来源:前程在线考试网CET4试点考试样卷Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don't think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill?There are two ways to bury trash:Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people's idea of a landfill!)Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environmentMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environmentThe purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of surface water over the sitethe impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlifethe historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。

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分院 专业 班级 姓名 学号封 装 线 请考生拿到试卷后做好听力考试的试音准备。

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (共20分,1-15题每题1分,16-19题每题0.5分,20-21每题1.5分) Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the several choices, and decide which the best answer is.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。

1. A) The man should try to be more understanding. B) The man‟s wife should be more understanding.C) The man‟s negative attitude may be derived from his childhood. D) The pessimism of man‟s wife may be the result of her past experiences. 2. A) A snowstorm. B) An earthquake. C) A traffic ac cident. D) A hurricane.3. A) The two speakers are classmates.B) The man is majoring in elementary education. C) The woman is majoring in elementary education. D) The two speakers got to know each other in a class. 4. A) She‟s got a stomachache. B) She feels perfectly fine. C) She‟s going to get married. D) She‟s going to have a baby.5. A) It is the best city he‟s ever visited. B) It was worse than he had expected.C) It is difficult to get around in the city. D) The hotel service is terrible in the city.6. A) To encourage them. B) To stop them immediately. C) To give some explanation. D) To leave them alone.7. A) Unemployment. B) Family breakup. C) Mental problems. D) Drinking.8. A) The woman is the man‟s boss. B) The man is the wo man‟s husband. C) The woman is the headmaster of a school.D) The woman wants to know something about a student.9. A) They are attending a concert. B) They are negotiating about a price. C) They are planning to go for a date. D) They are buying something for their firm.10. A) The man is a football fan. B) The man needs the woman‟s help.C) The man didn‟t watch TV last night. D) The man often has power failure at home. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。

封 装 线Listen to the following short passage, and answer the questions from 11 to 15 11. A) By studying many, many sick people. B) By studying people who didn‟t get sick.C) By studying lateral thinking. D) With help from Dr. de Bono.12. A) Never giving up. B) Getting help from others.C) Moving sideways. D) Changing you point of view.13. A) The aggressive attitude of vertical thinking. B) Traditionally western lateral thinking.C) A way to change your point of view. D) How Edward de Bono likes to solve problems.14. A) To discuss a major medical breakthroughB) To introduce a new concept of problem solving C) To talk about the life of Edward de Bono D) To control Eastern and Western ways of thinking15. A) In the early 18th century. B) In the late 18th century. C) In the early 19th century. D) In the late 19th century. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its generalidea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 16 to 19 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 20 to 21 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。

Can you recite the alphabet easily and quickly? Can you write your name (16) __________? Can you play scales(音阶) on a musical instrument?You would probably say that you memorized all this. But what you actuallydid was to learn them. And the way you learned them was by forming a (17) __________! In other words, what was once quite difficult for you, such as reciting the alphabet or playing scales, became easy and almost automaticwhen you formed the habit of doing it. So (18) __________ can be described as learning by means of forming habit.A human being has a tremendous number of such habits that (19) _________ him to do most of the ordinary things in life, such as fastening buttons or washing hands. But suppose you read a book and then someoneasked you what the book was about, or how to describe the plot. (20) _____________________________________________________________.But if you examine the situation carefully, you will see that something very分院 专业 班级 姓名 学号封 装 线 much like habit does play a part. For example, with ordinary habits, (21) ___________________________________. Now, when you give the plot of a book , or tell what it‟s about, you are doing the same kind of thing. In fact, some psychologists say that all learning (and this also means money) is made up of a vast combination of simple habits.Ⅱ. Vocabulary (共10分,每题0.5分) Section ADirections : Spell the following words with the help of their meanings or definitions and the first letter.注意:此部分试题请在答题卷上作答,在此作答无成绩。

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