英美国家概况表格
英美国家概况 PPT课件
Location and territory
Location of the UK:
The mainland areas lie between ▪ latitudes 49°N and 61°N and ▪ longitudes 8°W to 2°E
London Eye
Major Cities—Edinburgh
❖ Capital of Scotland ❖ administrative, financial, legal, medical and
insurance center of Scotland ❖ beautiful scenery ❖ renowned architecture
St. Paul's Cathedral
Landmarks & Symbols of London
Hyde Park
Tower of London
Landmarks & Symbols of London
Buckingham Palace
Tower Bridge
Landmarks & Symbols of London
Cardiff City Hall
Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff
Millennium Stadium
Cardiff Castle
Major Cities—Belfast
❖ the second largest city ❖ capital of Northern Ireland ❖ an important historic city
英美国家概况(2)(精)
2 the national flag
3 Four parts
• England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland • London Edinburg Cardiff Belfast • EnglishScottish/Scot Welsh I rish • English Gaelic Welsh Celtic & English • 盖尔语 威尔士语 凯尔特语 • （Celtic之一）
Westminster Abby
Westminster Abby 2
Westminster Palace
Westminster Palace 2
St Paul’s Cathedral
St Paul’s Cathedral 2
St Paul’s Cathedral 3
Hyde Park
7 Principal cities
London Birmingham Glasgow Liverpool
Manchester
Plymouth
British Museum
British Museum 2
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace2
Buckingham Palace 3
英国概况
英语专业教研室黄丽茹
英美国家概况总结
英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。
威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。
宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。
伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。
在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。
《英美国家概况》课件
04
英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
02
英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
03
英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
05
总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美国家概况表格
The new statesman
Sydney Gazette
Fortune
TV guide
National geography
The woman’s own
US News and world report
Woman’s realm
TV networks
NBC (national broadcasting company)
3
Compulsory school
6-16
5-16
6-16
5-16
6-11
Relation with PRC
1979
1972 3
1970
1972
1972
News agencies
Reuters
Extel Financial ltd.
The Associated Press(美联社)
The Press Association
Halloween
Independence Day
Guy fakes day
Labor Day (九月第一个周一)
Burns night ,Scotland)
Veterans day(10月第四个周一)
Halloween
Thanksgiving(11月第四个周四)
Election years
4
5
5
3
新闻联合社
Australia Associated Press
BBC
CBC
ABC
SBS(special broadcasting service)
ITV
CBS(Columbia broadcasting system)
英美国家概况
B. Saxons
C. Jutes D. Celts
12. In Britain only about ____ of the
population are farmers but they
manage 70% of the land area. A. 2% C. 4% B. 3% D. 5%
13. Each of the 50 states of the USA elects ____ senators. A. 10 C. 3 B. 4 D. 2
22. Of all the symbols, which are considered to represent fertility and new life and are most frequently associated with Easter? A. The pumpkin and turkey B. The lamb and beef C. The spring peas and potatoes D. The egg and rabbit
A. 2nd
C. 4th
B. 3rd
D. 5th
18. In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ____ became world famous and turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. A. the Beach Boys B. the Rolling Stone C. the Animals D. the Beatles
sports, ____ has been in existence
since the 16th century. A. rugby C. cricket B. soccer D. boxing
亚洲48个国家概况(表格)
亚洲国家概况面积-万平方千米 人口-万人
东亚：中国，日本，朝鲜，韩国，蒙古
东南亚：越南，柬埔寨，老挝，缅甸，新加坡，菲律宾，印尼，马来西亚，文莱，菲律宾，东帝汶
西亚：阿富汗，伊朗，土耳其，塞浦路斯，叙利亚，黎巴嫩，巴勒斯坦，约旦，以色列，伊拉克，科威特，沙特阿拉伯，也门，阿曼，阿拉伯联合酋长国，卡塔尔、巴林，格鲁吉亚，亚美尼亚，阿塞拜疆南亚：印度，孟加拉国，巴基斯坦，斯里兰卡，马尔代夫，尼泊尔，不丹
中亚：哈萨克斯坦，土库曼斯坦，吉尔吉斯斯坦，塔吉克斯坦，乌兹别克斯坦北亚：俄罗斯的亚洲部分，不算亚洲国家。
英美国家概况知识点整理
The united Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandContain 50 or more countriesCommonwealth of Nations (50) → European Union (28)EnglandLondon capital cultural, business, financial centerCeltics original peopleRoman Empire combine the small kingdoms into a united one called EnglandAnglo-SaxonViking and DanishNormanCharles the First’s attempt to overrule parliament civil warScotlandEdinburgh capitalGlassgow largestGaelicWalesCardiff capitalWelshNorthern Ireland “The Six Counties”Belfast capitalConflict ethnically distinct from the majority of British peopleGeographically North and South of IrelandReligiously Protestant and CatholicsMost Irish people remained Catholics, while most British people had become Protestant1921 the southern 26 counties formed an independent “free state”, while the 6 north- eastern counties remained a part of the UKJurisdiction : the Republic of Ireland Great Britainits own elected executive government of ten ministers GovernmentThe process of stated-building has been one of evolution rather than revolutionBoth a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchyQueen is the official head of stateGovernor- General fulfill the role of monarch in Australia, Canada, New ZealandIsrael and Britain are the only two counties without written constitutions of the sort with most countries haveMonarchyThe oldest institution of governmentThe “divine right of kings” authority from GodCivil war between republican “Roundheads” led by Oliver CromwellKing should not exercise absolute power→ symbolize the tradition and unity of the British stateQueen non-political1. Head of the executive2. An intergral part of the legislature3. Head of the judiciary4. Commander in chief of the armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Churchof EnglandParliamentFirst used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns1689 William of Orange the Bill of Rights→ Function : pass laws, vote for taxation, examine government, debate the major issues Consist of the Queen, the House of Lords, the House of Commons(sovereign) (The real center of British political life) The House the Lords : the Lords Spiritual & the Lords TemporalServe their countryDo not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament at all The House of Commons : 646 Members of Parliament (MPs)Most belong to political parties : Labour, the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats Election650 constituencies5 years general electionEconomy6th largest economyA member of the G7,G8,G-20, the World Trade OrganizationBy the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the worldDecline1. War debt2. The independence of colonies3. Substantial and expensive military presence4. Failure to invest sufficiently industryBritain has seen a relative shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industriesLiteratureEducationVoluntary → compulsoryUK has only one privately funded university, the University of BuckinghamThe Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degreeOxford the oldest university in UKSportsTennisWimbledon a London suburb world’s best players gather to competeInvented in BritainGolfInvented in ScottishHorse RacingThe true sport of British Kings (and Queens)HolidaysIreland7000 BC middle Stone Age period the earliest settlers arrived6th century BC Celts their language proved the most lastingAn instrument of social and cultural unity & a legal system5th century Christianity brought by Saint PatrickThe VikingsThe Normans1541 Henry Ⅷdeclared himself King of Ireland - the first English monarch1789 the French Revolution “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”1798 rebellion1870-1914 Home Rule by Isaac Butt1905-1908 Sinn Fein1916.4 the Easter Rising1919-1921 the War of IndependenceAnglo-Irish Treaty was signed , with the result that 26 counties gainedindependence as the new Irish Free StateEducationIrish education was undertaken by various religious orders, mostly Roman CatholicDominant religious beliefAll children in the Republic must learn the Irish languageThe University of Dublin, Trinity College, is the oldest university in the State which don’t need to learn IrishArt cultureriverdanceAustralia6th largest country in the worldThe largest island in the worldThe smallest, flattest and driest continent in the world50th most populous country in the worldSydney largest cityTasmania smallest stateNew South Welsh populous state James Cook named itWest Australia the largest stateAnimal: platypus, kangaroo,koala, wombatTwo most distinctive physical features: the Great Diving Range & The Great Barrier Reef“The Father of Australia” Lachlan Macquarie the Governor of NSWA member of the APEC, G20, OECD, WTO organizationThere is now a much higher proportion of settlers arriving from Asia although Anglo Australia migrants still predominateThe peoplesPeople of Dreaming“The Dreaming” or ”The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia todayPeople who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land - that the land owns people, creating and providing everythingThe Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups togetherTerra NulliusBritish who took over the country in the late 18th century, declaring it to be “terra nullius”Australia as a penal colonyThe impact of Colonisation1.Expropriation of land and the killing of the peoples2.Segregation and protection3.Assimilation destroy the culture of the Dreaming4.Citizenship and the fight against racismReligionChristianityThe Dreaming most enduringProtestantism most dominantBuddhism is now the fastest growing belief system in AustraliaIslam, Hinduism, JudaismSportThe principal games a form of football ARL, AFL, RU, soccerThe most popular game netballThe second most popular fishingOther games and sports cricket, hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, athletics, swimming The Formation of the Australian Political SystemWashminsterUSPolitical structure is based on a Federation of StatesHas a three-tier system of governmentThe House of Representatives (the Lower House) & the Senate (the Upper House)UKThe chief executive is a Prime MinisterTwo houses of parliamentHeaded by the Governor-GeneralThe members of parliament generally belong to one of the two major political parties:The Australia Labour Party (ALP) & the Coalitionthe Liberals & the NationalsServices1st TourismMost popular tourist features: the Great Barrier Reef, Ulura Kakadu and the keycity attractions and beaches of Sydney, the Gold Coast, and the othermetropolitan centers2nd Coal and iron ore3rd EducationNew ZealandAotearoa : another name, means “land of the long white cloud”The North Island and the South Island are separated by Cook StraitAuckland the largest urban areaMt. Cook the highest mountainIn colloquial English, a Kiwi, capitalized, means a New Zealander80% European ancestry 15% Maori 7% from the Pacific IslandsChristianity is the most common religionMaoritangaMeans “Maori culture”Maori : the original inhabitant of New Zealand are the largest non-European group, however, in recent years, Maori culture and perspectives have experienced a sort of renaissanceAlthough some Maori still live in their tribal areas, over 80% of the Maori population live in urban areasThe best known internationally of all Maori traditions is the hakaHistory1000 years ago voyagers from East Polynesia settled there1642 first European explorer Abel Tasman found it1840 over 500 chiefs signed the Treaty of WaitangiGovernmentGoverned by a democratically elected parliamentThe Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II represented by a Governor-General The House of Representatives : the National Party & the Labour PartyThe Prime Minister chooses up to 20 MPs to form the CabinetEducationthe Correspondence School the largest schoolthe Open Polytechnic the biggest education providerEconomyAgricultureThe world’s largest farmA world leader in agriculture research and advisory servicesPastoral farming remains the main land useForestry & FishingConstitute new natural resource-based industries with exciting potential for furtherdevelopmentOverseas TradeNew Zealand lives by tradeAmericanTwo long-continuing immigration movements : Asia (Indians) & Europe and Africa1492 Columbus foundThe first new force was the development of capitalismThe second major force is the RenaissanceThe third influential force was the Religious ReformationThe first English permanent settlement was founded in 1607 in Virginia1619 two events 1. A start of election 2. A start of Negroes being brought to USPuritan New England was established in MassachusettsCatholic MarylandQuaker Pennsylvania1773 “Boston Tea Party”1774 the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia1775 the first shot thus the American War of Independence beganJuly 4,1776 Declaration of Independenceproclaimed the independence of 13 North American colonies1781 the War of Independence came to an end1789 Washington began to set up the new federal government and frame his administration 1861 Civil War broke out1865 endedConstitutionSet up a federal system one in which power is shared between a central authority and itsconstituent parts, with some rights reserved to eachLegislative Branch the CongressThe only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare war orput foreign treaties into effectThe House of Representatives & the SenateThe main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levytaxes that pay for the work of the federal governmentExecutive Branch the President four-year term only two termsCommander-in-chief of the armed forcesUnder the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for foreignrelations with other nationsJudicial Branch the Supreme Court : a chief justice & eight associate justicesChecks and BalancesTwo major political parties Democratic Party donkeyRepublican Party elephantEconomyAmerican is always a mighty presence on Global 100After the birth of the nation, Americans lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countriesKey development the introduction of the factory systemThe “American system” of mass productionThe application of new technologiesThe emergency of new forms of business organizationThe construction of railroads marked the start of a new era for the United StatesService industries now dominate the economyThe Roots of AffluenceBountiful resources, the geographical size of the country and population treads have all contributed to these success. Religious, social and political traditions; the institutional structures of government and business; and the courage, hard work and determination of countless entrepreneurs and workers have also played a part.The 4th largest area and population in the worldAgriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic life, accounting for a larger portion of the United States’ GNP than other endeavorThe Current Recession1930s the Great DepressionIn late 2007 a crisis began in America and soon turned globalTriggered by a liquidity shortfallResult in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks bynational governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world ReligionThe majority of Americans belong to the Protestant churchBaptists the largest Protestant groupMethodists the second largest Protestant groupRoman Catholics the largest single religious groupCharacter1.American with different religions live together under the same law2.The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress3.In the US every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its ownfinance and its own buildingLiteratureEducationEvery child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of educationElementary School usually means grades kindergarten through 8Secondary School generally means grades 9-12 called “high school”Higher educationSuccessful applicants : high school recordsRecommendations from high school teachersImpression during interviewsScores on SATsFour categories : the universityThe collegeThe technical training institutionCommunity collegeHarvald University is the oldest in AmericaBoth public and private colleges depend on 3 sources of income:student tuition, endowments, government fundingSocial movementThe Civil Rights MovementThe spontaneous action of one woman, Rosa Parks, was the beginningThe strongest leadership Martin Luther KingThe Youth Movement resented traditional white male valuesAnti-War Movement against the war in VietnamThe Women’s MovementGroups : professional womenWhite housewives and mothers The Feminine MystiqueYoung activistsThe accident was a word in the Civil Rights Act add “sex” intoSocial problemRacial problems the Afro-Americans used to be the largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US, but recent, they after the HispanicsDrug Abuse crime, automobile accidents, effects on individuals, economic lossesCrimeThe Abuse of PowerPovertyWay of Life310 million people 3rd largest populationMelting Pot & Salad Bowl & Mosaic & KaleidoscopeTechnologythe dreary, mindless, alienating way of workingNuclear energy is the most significant technologyScenic spotsThe Grand Canyon America’s most famous scenic wonderMt. Rushmore the Middle WestGeorge Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt Hawaii the only state that is not on the North American continentAlaska the largest state of the US by areaCanada10 provinces and 3 territoriesThe traditional northern economy hunting and trapping animals for food and peltsBritish Columbia (BC) has the most valuable forestry industry in CanadaQuebec the first colonists settled in the heartland of French CanadaOttawa the capital city located in OntarioToronto the center the largest city located in OntarioMontreal second largest city, located in the mainly French-speaking province of Quebec More than half of Canada’s population live in Ontario and QuebecHistoryFrench colonists first settled CanadaBritishEuropeans 17thBattles fought between Indian tribes and the French and British entrepreneurs in 18thCanada was born when 4 provinces joined togetherGovernmentTwo major foreign influences : its legacy as a former colony of BritainThe powerful influence exerted by its neighbor, the US Canada’s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy Monarchy both Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial The first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government Parliament : the House of Commons (a lower house) & The Senate (an upper house) Leader : Prime Minster4 major political parties : the Liberal Party, the Conservative, NDP, BQMosaicThe first Canadians used to be called “Indians”“the First Nations”first : they are the original inhabitants of the countryNations: there are many “nations”, or tribes, which have different languages,customs and beliefsNow make up about 3.8% of the Canadian population, and their numbers areincreasing due to high birthrates3 special groups of aboriginal peoples : the First Nations, the Inuit, the MetisThe Metis are different in appearance and economic developmentCanada’s aboriginal peoples were vital to the fur trade and thus played a huge role in Canada’s economic development, but they were treated very badly by their white Europeans who came to colonies Canada. While in recent years their situation had improved, and they have become more politically activeVancouver is the second largest Chinese community in North American, after San Francisco Economy3 main groups: natural resources, manufacturing, service industriesThe export of primary resources remains the backbone of the Canadian economy An exporter of Raw resources, an importer of manufactured goods, logging, oil industries10th economy。
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Republican (elephant)
Democratic (donkey)
Labor party
Conservative party
Liberal party
Australia labor party
Labor party
Conservative
party of Canada
Liberal party
Progressive party
Liberal democratic party
Block Québécois
National party
National party
Green party
Reform party
Newdemocratic party
Australiademocratic
NZ first party
Halloween
Independence Day
Guy fakes day
Labor Day (九月第一个周一)
Burns night , Scotland)
Veterans day(10月第四个周一)
Halloween
Thanksgiving(11月第四个周四)
Election years
4
5
5
USA
Britain
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
National day
英王生日
National flower
Rose
Rose
Maple
Wattle(金合欢)
National anthem
The star-spangled banner
God save the queen
O Canada
3
3
Compulsory school
Байду номын сангаас6-16
5-16
6-16
5-16
6-11
Relation with PRC
1979
1972 3
1970
1972
1972
News agencies
Reuters
Extel Financial ltd.
The Associated Press(美联社)
The Press Association
Mt cook
Congress/ parliamentary
House of representative/ The senate
House of lords/
House of commons
Senate / Houses of commons
Representatives/ senate
Representatives
Advance Australia Fair
God defend New Zealand
Longest river
Mississippi river
Seven river
Mackenzie river
Murray river
Waikato river
Highest mountain
Mount logan
PBS(pubic broadcasting service)
festivals
Saint Patrick’s Day
Saint Patrick’s Day
Mother’s day(五月第二个周日)
Easter
Eisteddfod (威尔士音乐文学戏剧节)
Memorial Day(五月最后周一)
Father’s Day(六月第三个周日)
ACT New Zealand
Green party
United future NZ party
newspapers
The Christian Science Monitor
The Times
The global and mail
The age
Evening post
Gannett Newspaper
BBC
CBC
ABC
SBS(special broadcasting service)
ITV
CBS(Columbia broadcasting system)
AP (associated press)
UPI(united press-international)
ABC
FOX
CNN (cable newsnetwork)
新闻联合社
Australia Associated Press
The wall street journal
The financial times
The Chicago tribune
The Australia Financial Review
Auckland Star
The daily telegraph
The observer(Sunday)
Daily express
The Australians
The New York Times
The Toronto star
Le journal de Montreal
The Washington post
The los angles times
The guardian
The Sydney Morning Herald
New Zealand Herald
Business week
The new statesman
Sydney Gazette
Fortune
TV guide
National geography
The woman’s own
US News and world report
Woman’s realm
TV networks
NBC (national broadcasting company)
Canberra Times
The daily mail
The mirror
magazines
Time
The economist
News weekly
The Australian Women’s Weekly
News Week
Maclean’s
Reader’s digest
The spectator