2015年专业英语四八
英语专业四级六级复习-2015年英语专八真题及答案
英语专业 四级/六级真题解析2015年英语专八真题及答案2015英语专八听力答案Section A Mini-lecture1. parts of language2. other features3. rhythm4. having the ability5. a particular subject6. knowledge or experience7. reinterpreting8. predicting/making predictions9. types of predictions10. contentsSection B Interview1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom means that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSection C News BroadcastNews Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countries2015专八阅读理解答案PartⅡ Reading ComprehensionText A11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text B15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18.ThatTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text C20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________.[A] about to break down[B] a very old vehicle[C] unable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicle21. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?[A] Flush.[B] Borders.[C] Operations.[D] Gasping.22. We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A] inevitable and amusing[B]. dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a humanEXCEPT______ .[A] trembling[B] spouting[C] shuddering[D] crept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.[A] bored by the appearance of the grasslands ahead[B] reluctant to do any walking in so hot a climate[C] unfriendly towards the local driver and boys[D] a little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.[A] A journey that scared me[B] A journey to remember[C] The wild West African lorry[D] A comic journey in West AfricaText D26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A]Climate.[B]Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D]Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that________ .[A]each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B]urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D]more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A]It cannot reduce water requirements.[B]It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D]It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably .[A]incorporate the area's natural and cultural heritage into their design[B]make careful estimation of the area's natural resources before designing[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design[D]envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design30. According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on .__ .[A]human assumptions[B]field work[C] scientific estimation[D]laboratory work2015英语专八人文答案2015年专八考试已于3月21日考完，新东方在线为考生们整理了2015专八人文答案，仅供参考。
2015年英语专四考试真题与答案解析
2015英语专四考试真题及答案2015年专业四级答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and herhusband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。
2015年专业英语八级考试真题含答案
2015年专业英语八级考试真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture．Understanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task for university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I. Understand all (1) _______A. wordsB. (2) _______—stress—intonation(3) _______II. Adding informationA. lectures: Sharing information with audienceB. listeners: (4) _______C. sources of information—knowledge of (5) _______—(6) _______of the worldD. listening involving three steps:—hearing—(7) _______—addingIII. (8) _______A. reasons—overcome noise—save timeB. (9) _______—content—organizationIV. Evaluating while listeningA. help to decide the (10) of notesB. help to remember informationSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom means that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT ____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.News Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countriesPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．TEXT AIn 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively - and therefore make bad decisions - when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed.When my most recent book Brand washed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The firstwas a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book. 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change, not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but, through our own digital wish lists, we increasingly control what they buy for us. The reality, however, is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go, finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text BMy professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart about whether he overvalues IQ while I learn more toward EQ. We typically have this debate about people—can we be friends with a really smart jerk（怪物）?—but there’s corollary to animals as well. I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart. There’s already enough thinking going on is our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads, where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that’s where a dog is a roving revelation.I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter’s respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was ready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to heel, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighborhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child’s success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than indignant, and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I’m not always capable when hungry.But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be sprayed(切除卵巢). We turned her over to a stranger, who proceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant, But when the vet returned her to us, limp and tender, there was no recrimination(反责)，no how could you do that to me? It was as though she really knew that we could not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter’s lap.I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, rebuke us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and fickleness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights, a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux. Sometimes I think Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent lash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.We’ve weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters what school to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word “square” is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18. That Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text CMost West African lorries ate not in what one would call the first flush of youth, and I hadlearnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them. But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before: it tottered on the borders of senile decay. It stood there on buckled wheels, wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp, and I consigned myself and my loads to it with some trepidation. The driver, who was a cheerful fellow, pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations: first, I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill, for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly refused to function. Secondly, I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch, a willful piece of mechanism that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard. As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard in a pre-natal position, I had to take over control of these instruments if I valued my life. So, while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake, amid the rich smell of burning rubber, our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour; sometimes, when a downward slope favored it, it threw caution to the winds and careered along in a madcap fashion at twenty-five. For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest, the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined in an archway of leaves above us. Flocks of hornbills flapped across the road, honking like the ghosts of ancient taxis, and on the banks, draped decoratively in the patches of sunlight, the agama lizards lay, blushing into sunset coloring with excitement and nodding their heads furiously. Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards, looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills. In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song: Home again, home again, When shall I see ma home? When shall I see ma mammy? I'll never forget ma home . . .The driver hummed the refrain softly to himself, glancing at me to see if I would object. To his surprise I joined in, and so while the lorry rolled onwards trailing a swirling tail of red dust behind it, the boys in the back maintained the chorus while the driver and I harmonized and sang complicated bits, and the driver played a staccato accompaniment on the horn. Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed, and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear: massive tree-ferns standing in conspiratorial groups at the roadside on their thick, squat, and hairy trunks, the fronds of leaves sprouting from the tops like delicate green fountains. These ferns were the guardians of a new world, for suddenly, as though the hills had shrugged themselves free of cloak, the forest disappeared. It lay behind us in the valley, a thick pelt of green undulating away into the heat-shimmered distance, while above us the hillside rose majestically, covered in a coat of rippling, waist-high grass, bleached golden by the sun. The lorry crept higher and higher, the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity. I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet, but to everyone's surprise we made it, and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill, trembling with fatigue, spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale. We crawled to a standstill and the driver switched off the engine. “We must wait small-time, engine get hot, he explained, pointing to the forequarters of the lorry, which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam. Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage point I could see the country we had travelled through and the countrywe were about to enter.20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________.[A]about to break down[B]a very old vehicle[C]unable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicle21. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?[A]Flush.[B]Borders.[C]Operations.[D]Gasping.22. We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A]inevitable and amusing[B] dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT .[A]trembling[B]spouting[C]shuddering[D]crept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.[A]bored by the appearance of the grasslands ahead[B]reluctant to do any walking in so hot a climate[C]unfriendly towards the local driver and boys[D]a little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.[A]A journey that scared me[B]A journey to remember[C]The wild West African lorry[D]A comic journey in West AfricaText DHave you ever noticed a certain similarity in public parks and back gardens in the cities of the West? A ubiquitous woodland mix of lawn grasses and trees has found its way throughoutEurope and the United States, and it’s now spread to other cities around the world. As ecologist Peter Groffman has noted, it's increasingly difficult to tell one suburb apart from another, even when they're located in vastly different climates such as Phoenix, Arizona, or Boston in the much chillier north-east of the US. And why do parks in New Zealand often feature the same species of trees that grow on the other side of the world in the UK?Inspired by the English and New England countrysides, early landscape architects of the 19th Century such as Andrew Jackson Downing and Frederick Law Olmstead created an aesthetic for urban public and private open space that persists to this day. But in the 21st Century, urban green space is tasked with doing far more than simply providing aesthetic appeal. From natural systems to deal with surface water run-off and pollution to green corridors to increasing interest in urban food production, the urban parks of the future will be designed and engineered for functionality as well as for beauty.Imagine travelling among the cities of the mid-21st Century and finding a unique set of urban landscapes that capture local beauty, natural and cultural history, and the environmental context. They are tuned to their locality, and diverse within as well as across cities. There are patches that provide shade and cooling, places of local food production, and corridors that connect both residents and wildlife to the surrounding native environment. Their functions are measured and monitored to meet the unique needs of each city for food production, water use, nutrient recycling, and habitat. No two green spaces are quite the same.Planners are already starting to work towards this vision. And if this movement has a buzzword it is “hyperfunctionality”--designs which provide multiple uses in a confined space, and a term coined by Richard Pouyat of the US Forest Service. At the moment, urban landscapes are highly managed and limited in their spatial extent. Even the "green" cities of the future will contain extensive areas of buildings, roads, railways, and other built structures. These future cities are likely to contain a higher proportion of green cover than the cities of today, with an increasing focus on planting on roofs, vertical walls, and formerly impervious surfaces like car parks. But built environments will still be ever-present in dense megacities. We can greatly enhance the utility of green space through designs that provide a range of different uses in a confined space. A hyperfunctional planting, for example, might be designed to provide food, shade, wildlife habitat, and pollution removal all in the same garden with the right choice of plants, configurations, and management practices.What this means is that we have to maximise the benefits and uses of urban parks, while minimising the costs of building and maintaining them. Currently, green space and street plantings are relatively similar throughout the Western world, regardless of differences in local climate, geography, and natural history. Even desert cities feature the same sizable street trees and well-watered and well-fertilized lawns that you might see in more temperate climes. The movement to reduce the resources and water requirements of such urban landscapes in these arid areas is called "xeriscaping" a concept that has so-far received mixed responses in terms of public acceptance. Scott Yabiku and colleagues at the Central Arizona Phoenix project showed that newcomers to the desert embrace xeriscaping more than long-time residents, who are more likely to prefer the well-watered aesthetic. In part, this may be because xeriscaping is justified more by reducing landscaping costs in this case water costs than by providing desired benefits like recreation, pollution mitigation, and cultural value. From this perspective, xeriscaping can seem more like a compromise than an asset.But there are other ways to make our parks and natural spaces do more. Nan Ellin, of the Ecological Planning Center in the US, advocates an asset-based approach to urbanism. Instead of envisioning cities in terms what they can't have, ecological planners are beginning to frame the discussion of future cities in terms of what they do have - their natural and cultural assets. In Utah’s Salt Lake City, instead of couching environmental planning as an issue of resource scarcity, the future park is described as "mountain urbanism" and the strong association of local residents with the natural environment of the mountain ranges near their home. From this starting point, the local climate, vegetation, patterns of rain and snowfall, and mountain topography are all deemed natural assets that create a new perspective when it comes to creating urban green space. In Cairns, Australia, the local master plan embraces "tropical urbanism" that conveys a sense of place through landscaping features, while also providing important functions such as shading and cooling in this tropical climate.The globally homogenized landscape aesthetic--which sees parks from Boston to Brisbane looking worryingly similar--will diminish in importance as future urban green space will be attuned to local values and cultural perceptions of beauty. This will lead to a far greater diversity of urban landscape designs than are apparent today. Already, we are seeing new purposes for urban landscaping that are transforming the 20th century woodland park intobioswales--plantings designed to filter stormwater--green roofs, wildlife corridors, and urban food gardens. However, until recently we have been lacking the datasets and science-based specifications for designs that work to serve all of these purposes at once.In New York City, Thomas Whitlow of Cornell University sends students through tree-lined streets with portable, backpack-mounted air quality monitors. At home in his laboratory, he places tree branches in wind tunnels to measure pollution deposition onto leaves. It turns out that currently, many street tree plantings are ineffective at removing air pollutants, and instead may trap pollutants near the ground. My students and I equipped street trees with sensors in and around the trunk in Los Angeles to monitor growth and water use in real time to help find which species provide the largest canopies for the lowest amount of water. Rather than relying on assumptions about the role of urban vegetation in improving the environment and health, future landscaping designs will be engineered based on empirical data and state of the art of simulations.New datasets on the performance of urban landscapes are changing our view of what future urban parks will look like and what it will do. With precise measurements of pollutant uptake, water use, plant growth rates, and greenhouse gas emissions, we are better and better able to design landscapes that require less intensive management and are less costly, while providing more social and environmental uses.26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A] Climate.[B] Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D] Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that_______.[A] each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B] urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D] more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A] It cannot reduce water requirements.[B] It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D] It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably_______.[A] incorporate the area's natural and cultural heritage into their design[B] make careful estimation of the area's natural resources before designing[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design[D] envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design30. According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on_______.[A] human assumptions[B] field work[C] scientific estimation[D] laboratory workPart Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE31. Which party is in power now in the UK?[A] The Conservative Party.[B] The Labour Party.[C] The Liberal Democrats.[D] The Scottish National Party.32. Which of the following lakes does Canada share with the United States?[A] Lake Winnipeg.[B] The Great Slave Lake.[C] The Great Bear Lake.[D] The five Great Lakes.33. U. S. senators serve for ____ years after they are elected.[A] four[B] six[C] three[D] two34. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?。
2015年英语专业四级真题和答案详解
PARTⅣGRAMMAR and VOCABULARY
51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.
A Although B whatever C As D However
52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!
43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens
44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far
45. A when B as C if D though
46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate
Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are（47）witchcraft……it is（48）lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.
专业四八级：英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]-专业四八级 (2)
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专业四八级：英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]-专业四八级英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]一、听力Part Ⅱ DICTATION［15 MIN.］Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage w ill be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seco nds. Thelast reading will he read at normal speed again and during this time yo u should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet Two.Part Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSION［20 MIN.］In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear eight statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of thefollowing eight questions.1. How well did the speaker do in the test?A. He answered the last four questions.B. He answered the last few questions first.C. He answered only some of the questions.D. He answered all the questions except the first.2. Jane thinks that Swiss cheese ___.A. tastes the bestB. tastes very badC. is better than butter cheeseD. is no better than other cheese3. John went to ___ first.A. the cinemeB. the repair shopC. the gas stationD.the service station4. Betty wishes to ___.A. send away the c1eaning ladyB. replace the cleaning ladyC. keep the cleaning ladyD. do the house cleaning5. How much did Fred pay for his car?A. He paid half the price the salesman asked.B. lie paid twice as much as the salesman askedC. He paid the price the salesman asked.D. He needn’t have paid that mu ch for the car.6. Permanent education is practical because___.A. there arc no limits at allB. there are no age limitsC. no one is getting really too oldD. no one wants to learn at old age7. According to the speaker, the most difficult thingis___.A. traveling from place to placeB. keeping away from crowdsC. making holiday plansD. finding a place with many people8. William lost his job because___.A. he was always sickB. he usually went to work lateC. he made a mistake in his workD. he got angry with his bossSECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.9. Mark refused to take the job because ___.A. the working hours were not suitableB. the job was not well paidC. he had to do a lot of travellingD. the job was quite difficult10. What do they think about the restaurant?A. The service there is not good.B. The food might not be good.C. The waiter is not hospitable.D. The restaurant is too small.11. Which language does Mary speak well?A. Chinese.B. French.C. Japan ese.D. English12. The woman believes that John___.A. was playing a jokeB. was leaving BostonC. was moving to BostonD. was selling his house himself13. The woman should have arrived by___.A. 10:45B. 10:40C. 10:55D. 11:0014. What do we lea[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]rn from the conversation?A. John is not sick.B. John is feeling better.C. Jack hasn’t been sick.D. Jack has not got better.15. The tone of the man is that of___.A. surpriseB. sarcasmC. disappointmentD. humour16. The two speakers are probably___.A. in a parking groundB. at a ferry-crossingC. in a traffic jamD. at a petrol stationSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 17 and 18 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.17. Some Haitians are on strike in order to___.A. get proper medical treatmentB. ask for their political rightsC. protest against the US decisionD. demand food supply aid from USA18. The strikers are denied entry into the US because___.A. AIDS virus has been found among themB. they can not get political asylum in the USC. the US government has refused to take themD. they don’t accept proper medical treatmentQuestion 19 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 19. The US auto-makers decided to stop their action because___.A. Japanese auto-makers promised to stop dumping cars in the USB. the Government promised to solve the US-Japan trade imbalanceC. three US companies have ended the US-Japan trade imbalanceD. Japan agreed to sell cars at the agreed prices inside the USQuestions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. Al the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.20. Where did the storms first strike?A. The eastern US.B. The Gulf of Mexico.C. The Canadian border.D. Some areas in Cuba.21. The storms have resulted in the following EXCEPT___.A. death and damageB. disruption of air servicesC. destruction of cropsD. relocation of peopleQuestion 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.22. According to the news, France was strongly criticizedfor___.A. conducting five nuclear tests on WednesdayB. carrying out a series of nuclear tests in the PacificC. getting disappointing results in the nuclear programD. refusing to sign a global treaty banning nuclear testsQuestions 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, You will he given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. The news item is mainly about___.A. air traffic problemsB. safety improvementC. the number of flightsD. flight training coursesQuestions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will he given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. What is the purpose of the meeting in Luxembourg?A. To control patrol boats on the River Danube.B. To end economic sanctions against Serbia.C. To step up economic sanctions against Serbia.D. To send police officers to search the river.25. International efforts against Serbia have been ineffective because ___.A. ships carrying illegal supplies still sail along the riverB. more illegal goods have been carried over landC. local authorities didn’t attempt to stop illegal goodsD. there has been disagreement over economic sanctions二，完型填空CLOZE ［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]for each blank on your answer Sheet.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survi val in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not ( 26 ) with the bear, whose strengt h, speed and claws ( 27 )an impressive ’small fire’ weaponry . They could not even defend themselves ( 28 ) runnin gswiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men h ad attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been ( 29 ) to failure and extinction. But they were (30) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.In the search ( 31 ) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had ( 32 ) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The abili ty to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical proble ms in a way that lay far ( 33 ) the reach of the original inh abitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was ( 34 )another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for fores t-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher theviewpoint, the greater the ra nge of sight—so( 35 ) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not ( 36 ) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the gro und was flat. The ape-men ( 37 ) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slo wer still.( 38 ) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became ( 39 )to the new,unstable position that ( 40 ) them the name Homo erectus,upright man.26. A. match B. compare C. rival D. equal27. A. became B. equippedC. posedD. provided28. A. in B. upon C. by D. with29. A. driven B. doomed C. forced D. led30. A. bestowed B. givenC. presentedD. endowed31. A.for B. ofC. onD. at32. A. progressed B.generatedC.developedD.advanced33. A.from B.apartC. beyondD.above34. A. rather B.quiteC. muchD.really35. A. anything B.thatC. everythingD.all36. A. available B.enoughC. sufficientD.convenient37. A. chose B.adoptedC. acceptedD.took38. A. However B.ThereforeC. MeanwhileD.Subsequently39. A. accustomed B. familiarizedC. adaptedD. suited40. A. obtained B.calledC. deservedD. earned三词汇GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY ［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that corr ectly completes the sentence. Mark your上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]answers on your answer sheet41. After ___ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to enter the per sonnel manager’s office.A. thatB. whatC. thereD. it42. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country, ___ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured43. Professor Johnson is said ___some significant advance in his resea rch in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD.to make44. Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no less thanC. no more thanD. much more than45. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that m akes the book difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. asD. like46. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain c limbing than ___ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist47. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city___.A. I’d most like to visitB. where I like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. I’d like much to visit48. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something hel pful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. shouldact D. would act49. If you have really been studying English for solong. It’s about t i me you ___ able to write letters inEnglish.A. should beB. wereC. mustbe D . are50. He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” ——he’s always complaining about some thin g.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known51. ___he always tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the task52. Much as ___, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn ’t ha ve that much spare cash.A. I would have liked toB. I would like to haveC. 1 should have to likeD.1 should have liked to53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the f ood he e ats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. specific54. Your advice would be ___ valuable to him. who is now at a loss as to wha t to do first.A. exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusive ly55. More often than not, it is difficult to ___ the exact meaning of a Chines e idiom in English.A. exchangeB. transferC.convey D. convert56. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got ba ck her deposit.A. hand inB. hand outC. handdown D. hand over57. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think i t best to___.A. engageB. devoteC. seekD. pursue58. The Olympic Games ___ in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in Gree ce.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]A. originatedB. stemmedC.derived D. desce nded59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in se rious co nsequences.A. urgentB. instantC. promptD. hasty60. The fact that the management is trying to reachagreement___five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A. overB.inC.uponD. with61. The chairman of the company said that new techniques had___impr oved their production efficiency.A. violentlyB. severelyC.extremely D. radically62. The local authorities realized the need to make ___for elderly peo ple in their housing programmes.A. preparationB. requirementC.specification D. provision63. The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 ___ 4 in last year’s CFA Cup Final.A. overB.in C. to D. against64. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty ___ the murder.A. ofB. inC. overD. on65. As a developing country, we must keep ___ with the rapid developme nt of the world economy.A. moveB. stepC.speed D. pace四阅读理解APart Ⅵ READING COMPREHENSION［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping achild occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66． The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with the ir school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavourable towards children receiving education inhospitalsB. in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn t o understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, Daviddoes not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formedfor just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea w hen he visited one of America’sbest-known computer “g uru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, andthe local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important di fference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens awaynon-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with expertsavailable to encourage them and answer any questions; they are nottold what to do, they find out.David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and thentry to work out some structure to answer them. People are not havingto learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”.70. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UKis to___A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a___.A.town B. project C. library D. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C.&nb上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]sp; Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computertowns and clubs work together.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can le ave the body to regulate these mattersfor itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr . A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people havea greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of peopledrift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep;the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like a dvancing c olonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then,to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Manin Health, asse rts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of thelife span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance.74. The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s de上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页>>英语专业四级考试全真试卷及答案[上]cision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-beingthan is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the decidingfactor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migrationflow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likelyto be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new andperhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbersof people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paidjobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.。
2015年专四真题及详解
2015 英语专业四级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR -TIME LIMIT 130 MINPART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, which intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One..PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversation. Listen to the conversation carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Why is the trip to Mars a one -way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don ' t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Question 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestion 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passage. Listen to the passage carefully and then answer the questions that following.Question 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Question 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one ' s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one ' s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early -age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early -age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school ' s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.Question 23 to 24 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150Question 25 to 26 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.Question17 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film -making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £ 945 millionB. £ 1.07 billion£ 500,000C.D. £ 87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___.A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 35 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air -conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they run ——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 __ go wrong with the power -plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money -saving B. time -saving C . energy-saving D. labor -saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D . standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four works ,phrases or statements marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentences.Mark your answer on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don ' t forget to put it back on the shelf, ___ ?A. don ' t youB. do youC. will youD. won ' t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I ' ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language __ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt __ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President 's Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb （静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject -verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to ___?Who told the news EtoXtCheEPteTac_h_er?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. W hen one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ___ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no __ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi -final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road- building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ________________ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ___ .A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ___ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ __ .A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means _____.A.distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.Text AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory - and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate inf -ordination down theline leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long -term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it,"The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google ' s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A] improve our memory[B] function like memory[C] help us see faces better[D] work like smart phones82. According to the passage, —cognitive habits II refers to ____ .[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow 's research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D] We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by —context I ?[A] It refers to long -term memory.[B] It refers to a new situation.[C] It refers to a store of knowledge.[D] It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A] Web connections aid our memory.[B] People differ in what to remember.[C] People keep memory on smart phones.[D] People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident （the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself）. In addition there were two interns（住院实习医生）. These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71 -year-old Mr. Adams ，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting （喘气）. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, buthis temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy （尸体解剖） later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism （肺部栓塞）. A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A] He himself wanted to have practice.[B] Students of all majors had to do so.[C] It was part of his medical training.[D] He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author ' s team members had __.[A] much practical experience[B] adequate knowledge[C] long been working there[D] some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attentionEXCEPT[A] moving difficulty[B] steady temperature[C] faster heart rate[D] breathing problem89. —His symptoms had been textbook II means that his symptoms were _____ .[A] part of the textbook[B] no longer in the textbook[C] recently included in the textbook[D] explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A] optimism[B] hesitation[C] concern[D] supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories- but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti -smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke -free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price -sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low -tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti -smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ ___ .[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT __ .[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti -smoking campaigns[D] anti -smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ _ .[A] is unfair to the poor[B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue[D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti -smoking campaigns.。
2015英语专四听力真题、原文+听力答案
年专四真题20152015英语专四听力原文英语专四听写Male and Female Roles in Marriage 男性和女性在婚姻中的角色男性和女性在婚姻中的角色In the traditional marriage, the man worked to earnmoney for the family. 在传统婚姻中，男性负责工作养家。
在传统婚姻中，男性负责工作养家。
The woman stayed at home to care for the children nand her husband. 女性则留在家里照顾孩子和丈夫。
女性则留在家里照顾孩子和丈夫。
In recent years, many couples continue to have atraditional relationship of this kind. 近些年，许多夫妻继续这种传统的夫妻关系。
近些年，许多夫妻继续这种传统的夫妻关系。
Some people are happy with it, but others think differently. 一些人对这种关系感到满意，但是也有人有不同的看法。
一些人对这种关系感到满意，但是也有人有不同的看法。
There are two major differences in male and female roles now. 现在男性和女性的角色有两大主要差异。
现在男性和女性的角色有两大主要差异。
One is that both men and women have many more choices. 其一，男性和女性都有更多的选择。
其一，男性和女性都有更多的选择。
They may choose to marry or stay single. 他们可以选择结婚，也可以选择保持单身。
他们可以选择结婚，也可以选择保持单身。
They may choose to work or to stay at home. 另外，他们可以选择工作，也可以选择留在家里。
2015年江苏师大841、842英语写作与翻译真题答案
XX师X大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题参考答案要点解析841/842英语写作与翻译你看酒杯是半满而不是半空吗？你的眼睛是关注于炸面圈而不是那个洞吗？当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的力量时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉与大约15000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以与失败，它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
〞“你的能力固然重要，〞匹兹堡的卡内基——梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说。
“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。
〞在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调查。
他们发现。
在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。
在新雇佣的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。
In a history that spans over 5000 years, China has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one, especially in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of China. 95 years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China's progress. 57 years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning dependence and liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China where people became their own masters. 28 years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts. Between 1978 and 2005, China's GDP grew from ＄147.3 billion to ＄2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volumewent up from ＄20.6 billion to ＄1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from ＄167 million to ＄818.9 billion. Duringthis period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny andadvanced the cause of human progress.阅读1.The definition depicts the meaning of alcoholism which is defined by the writer, therefore, it also conveys the writer’s attitude to it as well and we know it by the word “disease〞to feel the writer’s thoughts of it.As for the writer’s attitude, after a long detailed narration of alcoholism in the first paragraph, he points out that alcoholism is not only harmful to physical and mental health of the alcoholic but also to the alcoholic’s family, which has already express the writer’s attitude. Through the whole essay, we can further believe that the writer think alcoholism is very dangerous and harmful to everyone and he is full of hatred for alcoholism by his own experience.2.The introduction mainly talks about alcoholism and concludes the side effect of it by the last line, which just extracts his experience and feeling about it without abruption. The body paragraph develops smoothly on the basis of the introduction, especially the conclusion.3.The essay first introduces alcoholism by a large words. Then it draws forth his own experience and at last he realized that his father was in facta human persecuted by alcoholism. From the sequence, we can see that the essay goes forward gradually and it seems to develop by psychological time and logic sequence.4. From the whole essay, we can know that the writer hated alcoholism very much because his father was lost to alcoholism. Once his father drank, he could turn into a monster that the writer was hateful and scared. However, the writer seemed to understand his father’s sufferings and forgive him. He realized his father was also a victim of alcoholism. The writer’s thoughts changed as he became more mature. Here we see the end is actually the writer’s thoughts on his father from hatred to understanding. The end is full of narration and also expresses his emotion for his father.作文Reactions to DisappointmentAs we all know, not everything is going smoothly and everyone has undergone something bad to disappoint themselves. Different people have different reactions to disappointment. The optimistic will not be discouraged and fight again and again.Firstly, let’s see the reactions to disappointment from the point ofoptimists. We have to admit people’s first action to disappointment is always escaping including optimists. However, optimists will change their attitude and mind quickly so that nobody can notice it . For example, when the optimist can’t find a job they may firstly think of the reason why they can’t be employed and then adjust themselves to fight. They may believe that they are luck to be unemployed because there will be a good and suitable job for them. Optimists always keep their spirit high even they will sometimes doubt but they are still full of hope for life.However, pessimists show different way. They are subordinate to their instinct faced with the disappointment without fighting and than lose themselves to the irresistible pain. For instance, the story I have heard recently was about a person who had a chance to deliver a speech and he was excited and nervous all the times, especially on the stage. He made some mistakes and people present laughed again and again. Although he finally finished his speech, it was his first and last speech. It was not lack of chance to make a speech but it was he who can’t stand on the stage with courage. He was just beaten. His action to the disappoint of his first speech is only to escape and be addicted to his failure. Pessimists concentrate on disappointment just like a crown, only escaping and not recovering again.To conclude, people handle it with different actions, optimistic or pessimistic. However, disappointment is an experience that everyonemust undergo and the best way to face it is to smile and be optimistic.。
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2015年专业英语四、八级统测报考通知
2015年专业英语四、八级考试报名工作现在开始，请根据《关于我校外语专业（非英语）学生参加专业英语四、八级考试的规定》和本院（系）所设置的具体报考规定，组织本院系符合条件的学生报名（不允许研究生报名参加专业四、八级考试）。
2015年的英语专业高年级阶段统测（TEM8）定于3月21日（星期六）上午8：30开始，2015年的英语专业基础阶段统测（TEM4）定于4月18日（星期六）上午8：30开始，报名要求如下：
一、英语学院、国际商学院、法学院、国际关系学院、中文学院、计算机系、国际新闻与传播学院：2013级学生报考TEM4，2011级学生报考TEM8。
其它各院系： 2012级学生只能报考TEM4，2011级学生报考TEM8，不允许2013和2014级学生报考。
二、参加TEM4和TEM8第一次未通过的同学，有且只有一次补考机会，不再顺延。
2010级学生不能再参加TEM4考试，以补考身份参加TEM8考试。
各院系根据本院系实际情况对报考专业英语四、八级设置了报考条件。
教务处原则上同意各院系意见，学生应按各院系设置的报考条件、经各院（系）审核批准后方可报名参加考试。
三、考生类型代号：
20：继续教育学院大专生；
40：英语学院英语专业本科生；
50：继续教育学院本科生；
60：除英语专业外其他专业本科生；
70：参加补考学生。
四、报名费：专四40元，专八 45元（英语专业除外）。
请交费到各院系教务办公室，各院系收齐后交财务处并将收据交教务处。
五、报名截止日期：11月27日下午五点，不接受个人报名，请同学们到各院系办公室报名。
六、院（系）教务办公室按教务处规定格式录入报考学生名单（见附件______学院（系）英语专业四八级报名模版（四八级分开上报）.xls），发送至chenguilong@，请各院系认真核对学生姓名、性别、入学年月、专业等重要信息，保证信息准确。
北京外国语大学教务处
2014.11.21。