新概念英语四册笔记完整版

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We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed

down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.

But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago

that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

New words and expressions

recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次

record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后

叙述：recount : emotionless 重复

describe

depict：a little emotional

narrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。portray：描述

saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事

legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家

anthrop：人

philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人）

anthropology :人类学

带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学geography 地理学ecology 生态学

remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远

ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先

an- 在前面

forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先

rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉

leave me rot.＝leave me along

rot to death.

soon ripe,soon rotten.

decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose 逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化

trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹

trace the problem

i follow your trace＝i follow where you go

polynesia 波利尼西亚

poly-多

polyandric: a wife with more than one husband

polygeny : a husband with more than one wife

flint /flint/ n.燧石flinting hearted

fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石cobble 鹅卵石

read of 读到

谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of

near east：近东mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east