现在完成时讲解和练习有答案

现在完成时讲解和练习有答案TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work.一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.否定句 He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句 What has he done3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。

例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。

（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。

（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how?long等。

例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。

Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你来这里多久了4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾.: I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾 .：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中.： Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不句中.：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾.：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止.：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久.：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次.：How many times has he been to Beijing?<has>gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)<has>been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)<has>beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong.: Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

.：Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s 3 y ears since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.②leave/go →be away.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.③begin/start →be on.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.④open →be open / close → be closed.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.⑤die →be dead.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.⑥finish/end→ be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days ⑦join例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.⑧buy /catch → have.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.⑨borrow → keep：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的归纳如下：leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldputon--wear come/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)gettoknow---know join----beamemberof...(成为…的一员)open---beopenclose---beclose break → be broken \ get up → be up marry → be married \ become → be \ lose → be lost \8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。

）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。

）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…2. have come/gone back/returned →____________3. have come/gone out →___________4. have become→________________________/ opened→_____________________ 6. have got up→________________________ ；7. have died →________________________；8. have left sw.→________________________9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep→___________ ；10. have finished/ended/completed→___________；11. have married→____________________；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Have you done your homework _______________(for, just, yet)I have _____________ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _____________ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for) She has known Sam ______________ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for) Have you ____________ ridden a horse (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填空family has owned a ship ___________ family has owned a ship ___________ many years.have had a cold _________ last Monday. have had a cold __________ 5 days ago.have had a cold _________ 5 days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. --- I _____________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.--- Where and when ________ you __________ (see) it--- Last week.2. Mary __________ already ____________ (have) her supper.3. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I _______________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.4. ---_________ Uncle Wang ____________ (mend) the TV yet---Yes, he____________. ---When ___________ he ____________ it--- Yesterday.5. __________ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet6. They _________already__________(do) their homework. But they don’t knowwhat__________ (do) next.7. ---__________ you ___________ (see) the film last night? ---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.8. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.9. My father ____________ (buy) a book for me yesterday.He_________ already ________(pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She_____________ (not read) this book before.11. __________ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before12. --- ____________ Wei Hua ___________ (come) yet? ---Yes. She__________ (come) already. She ____________ (come) just now.13. ---How long __________ you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.14. They _______________ (live) in China since they ____________ (move) to China.15. I___________ already __________ (see) the film. I ____________ (see) it last week.16. So far I ________________(make) quite a few friends here.17. How long _____________ the Wangs ____________(stay) hereFor two weeks.18. They _________________ (not arrive) yet.19. When I was in primary school, my mother _______________ (drive) me to school everyday.20. He ______________ (live) here since he ____________ (move) to Hankou.五、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must know know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai， has heA. already D. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______A. justB. ago D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writing writing written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A. has changed ； wellB. changed ； goodC. has changed ； betterD. changed ； better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.A. was ； studyingB. will ； studyC. has ； studiedD. are ； studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. saw9、—These farmers have been to the United States. —ReallyWhen _____ thereA. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet？—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.A. Did； do； finishedB. Have； done； finishedC. Have； done； have finishedD. will； do； finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well—Sure. We _________ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here？—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up！ The play __________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army.A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.gone B. went go D. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_____A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China？A. How soon， comesB. How often， gotC. How long， cameD. How far， arrived20、 His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university六、句型转换。