美国《消费品安全改进法案》.pptx
美国消费品安全改进法案
美国消费品安全改进法案美国消费品安全改进法案是一项旨在保护消费者免受不安全产品伤害的重要立法措施。
该法案的主要目标是确保消费者在使用各类消费品时的安全性，并提供有效的监管机制来管理和处置不合格产品。
该法案包括以下几个关键内容：1. 产品标准要求：根据不同类别的消费品，制定相应的产品标准。
这些标准涵盖了从电器、儿童玩具到食品和药品等各个领域。
标准除了包括产品的基本功能和质量要求外，还强调了安全性的重要性。
同时，对于容易造成危险的产品，还会特别制定更为严格的标准。
2. 检测和评估机制：为确保产品符合相关标准，消费品安全改进法案建立了一个健全的检测和评估机制。
这包括建立实验室用于测试产品的性能和安全性，并定期进行检查和评估。
对于未通过检测的产品，相关企业将被要求进行改进或下架，以避免给消费者造成损害。
3. 举报和追责制度：该法案还设立了消费者举报和追责制度。
消费者可以通过举报系统向相关机构举报不合格产品或商家的不良行为。
同时，对于存在违规行为的企业，相关机构将采取制裁措施，包括罚款、产品召回以及企业信用的限制等。
这将有效地保护消费者的权益，促进市场的公平竞争。
4. 教育和宣传活动：为提升公众对于消费品安全的认知，该法案还鼓励进行相关的教育和宣传活动。
这包括在学校、社区和媒体等渠道传播安全使用消费品的知识和技巧，以提高消费者自我保护能力。
消费品安全改进法案的实施对于美国的消费者来说具有重要意义。
它能够确保市场上的消费品质量和安全，防止不符合标准的产品流入市场。
通过加强监管和追责，该法案有助于减少消费者因使用不安全产品而遭受的伤害，并维护了公众的利益和信心。
同时，该法案也促进了企业之间的竞争，推动了整个市场的健康发展。
总的来说，消费品安全改进法案在提升消费者福祉和保护他们的权益方面起到了非常重要的作用。
消费品安全改进法案（Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act，CPSIA）是美国国会于2008年通过并于同年12月法案的一项综合性消费品安全立法。
CPSIA美国消费品安全改进法案
PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2008122 STAT. 3016 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008Public Law 110–314110th CongressAn ActTo establish consumer product safety standards and other safety requirements for children’s products and to reauthorize and modernize the Consumer ProductSafety Commission.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) S HORT T ITLE .—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008’’. (b) T ABLE OF C ONTENTS .—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:Sec. 1.Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2.References. Sec. 3.Authority to issue implementing regulations.TITLE I—CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY Sec.101.Children’s products containing lead; lead paint rule. Sec.102.Mandatory third party testing for certain children’s products. Sec.103.Tracking labels for children’s products. Sec.104.Standards and consumer registration of durable nursery products. beling requirement for advertising toys and games. Sec.106.Mandatory toy safety standards. Sec.107.Study of preventable injuries and deaths in minority children related to consumer products. Sec.108.Prohibition on sale of certain products containing specified phthalates.TITLE II—CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION REFORM Subtitle A—Administrative ImprovementsSec.201.Reauthorization of the Commission. Sec.202.Full Commission requirement; interim quorum; personnel. Sec.203.Submission of copy of certain documents to Congress. Sec.204.Expedited rulemaking. Sec.205.Inspector general audits and reports. Sec.206.Industry-sponsored travel ban. Sec.207.Sharing of information with Federal, State, local, and foreign government agencies. Sec.208.Employee training exchanges. Sec.209.Annual reporting requirement.Subtitle B—Enhanced Enforcement AuthoritySec.211.Public disclosure of information. Sec.212.Establishment of a public consumer product safety database. Sec.213.Prohibition on stockpiling under other Commission-enforced statutes. Sec.214.Enhanced recall authority and corrective action plans. Sec.215.Inspection of firewalled conformity assessment bodies; identification of supply chain. Sec.216.Prohibited acts. Sec.217.Penalties. Sec.218.Enforcement by State attorneys general. Sec.219.Whistleblower protections. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. Commerce and trade. 15 USC 2051 note. Aug. 14, 2008[H.R. 4040]122 STAT. 3017 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008Subtitle C—Specific Import-Export ProvisionsSec.221.Export of recalled and non-conforming products.Sec.222.Import safety management and interagency cooperation.Sec.223.Substantial product hazard list and destruction of noncompliant importedproducts.Sec.224.Financial responsibility.Sec.225.Study and report on effectiveness of authorities relating to safety of im-ported consumer products.Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions and Conforming AmendmentsSec.231.Preemption.Sec.232.All-terrain vehicle standard.Sec.233.Cost-benefit analysis under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970.Sec.234.Study on use of formaldehyde in manufacturing of textile and apparel ar-ticles.Sec.235.Technical and conforming changes.Sec.236.Expedited judicial review.Sec.237.Repeal.Sec.238.Pool and Spa Safety Act technical amendments.Sec.239.Effective dates and Severability.SEC. 2. REFERENCES.(a) D EFINED T ERMS.—As used in this Act—(1) the term ‘‘appropriate Congressional committees’’ meansthe Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Rep-resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation of the Senate; and(2) the term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Consumer ProductSafety Commission.(b) C ONSUMER P RODUCT S AFETY A CT.—Except as otherwiseexpressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment isexpressed as an amendment to a section or other provision, thereference shall be considered to be made to a section or otherprovision of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2051et seq.).SEC. 3. AUTHORITY TO ISSUE IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.The Commission may issue regulations, as necessary, to imple-ment this Act and the amendments made by this Act.TITLE I—CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETYSEC. 101. CHILDREN’S P RODUCTS CONTAINING LEAD; LEAD P AINTRULE.(a) G ENERAL L EAD B AN.—(1) T REATMENT AS A BANNED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE.—Except as expressly provided in subsection (b) beginning onthe dates provided in paragraph (2), any children’s product(as defined in section 3(a)(16) of the Consumer Product SafetyAct (15 U.S.C. 2052(a)(16))) that contains more lead than thelimit established by paragraph (2) shall be treated as a bannedhazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous SubstancesAct (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.).(2) L EAD LIMIT.—(A) 600 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E), beginning 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the lead limit referred to in paragraph (1) is 600 parts per million total lead content by weight for any part of the product.(B) 300 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided by subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), beginning on the date Effective dates.15 USC 1278a.15 USC 2051 note.15 USC 2051 note.122 STAT. 3018 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act,the lead limit referred to in paragraph (1) is 300 partsper million total lead content by weight for any part ofthe product.(C) 100 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided in Applicability.subparagraphs (D) and (E), beginning on the date thatis 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, subpara-graph (B) shall be applied by substituting ‘‘100 parts permillion’’ for ‘‘300 parts per million’’ unless the Commissiondetermines that a limit of 100 parts per million is nottechnologically feasible for a product or product category.The Commission may make such a determination onlyafter notice and a hearing and after analyzing the publichealth protections associated with substantially reducinglead in children’s products.(D) A LTERNATE REDUCTION OF LIMIT.—If the Commis-sion determines under subparagraph (C) that the 100 partsper million limit is not technologically feasible for a productor product category, the Commission shall, by regulation,establish an amount that is the lowest amount of lead,lower than 300 parts per million, the Commission deter-mines to be technologically feasible to achieve for thatproduct or product category. The amount of lead establishedby the Commission under the preceding sentence shallbe substituted for the 300 parts per million limit undersubparagraph (B) beginning on the date that is 3 yearsafter the date of enactment of this Act.(E) P ERIODIC REVIEW AND FURTHER REDUCTIONS.—TheCommission shall, based on the best available scientificand technical information, periodically review and revisedownward the limit set forth in this subsection, no lessfrequently than every 5 years after promulgation of thelimit under subparagraph (C) or (D) to require the lowestamount of lead that the Commission determines is techno-logically feasible to achieve. The amount of lead establishedby the Commission under the preceding sentence shallbe substituted for the lead limit in effect immediately beforesuch revision.(b) E XCLUSION OF C ERTAIN M ATERIALS OR P RODUCTS ANDI NACCESSIBLE C OMPONENT P ARTS.—(1) C ERTAIN PRODUCTS OR MATERIALS.—The Commissionmay, by regulation, exclude a specific product or material fromthe prohibition in subsection (a) if the Commission, after noticeand a hearing, determines on the basis of the best-available,objective, peer-reviewed, scientific evidence that lead in suchproduct or material will neither—(A) result in the absorption of any lead into the humanbody, taking into account normal and reasonably foresee-able use and abuse of such product by a child, includingswallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other children’s activi-ties, and the aging of the product; nor(B) have any other adverse impact on public healthor safety.(2) E XCEPTION FOR INACCESSIBLE COMPONENT PARTS.—(A) I N GENERAL.—The limits established under sub-section (a) shall not apply to any component part of achildren’s product that is not accessible to a child through122 STAT. 3019 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of suchproduct, as determined by the Commission. A componentpart is not accessible under this subparagraph if suchcomponent part is not physically exposed by reason ofa sealed covering or casing and does not become physicallyexposed through reasonably foreseeable use and abuse ofthe product. Reasonably foreseeable use and abuse shallinclude to, swallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other chil-dren’s activities, and the aging of the product.(B) I NACCESSIBILITY PROCEEDING.—Within 1 year afterthe date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shallpromulgate a rule providing guidance with respect to whatproduct components, or classes of components, will beconsidered to be inaccessible for purposes of subparagraph(A).(C) A PPLICATION PENDING CPSC GUIDANCE.—Until theCommission promulgates a rule pursuant to subparagraph(B), the determination of whether a product componentis inaccessible to a child shall be made in accordance withthe requirements laid out in subparagraph (A) for consid-ering a component to be inaccessible to a child.(3) C ERTAIN BARRIERS DISQUALIFIED.—For purposes of thissubsection, paint, coatings, or electroplating may not be consid-ered to be a barrier that would render lead in the substrateinaccessible to a child, or to prevent absorption of any leadinto the human body, through normal and reasonably foresee-able use and abuse of the product.(4) C ERTAIN ELECTRONIC DEVICES.—If the Commissiondetermines that it is not technologically feasible for certainelectronic devices, including devices containing batteries, tocomply with subsection (a), the Commission, by regulation,shall—(A) issue requirements to eliminate or minimize thepotential for exposure to and accessibility of lead in suchelectronic devices, which may include requirements thatsuch electronic devices be equipped with a child-resistantcover or casing that prevents exposure to and accessibilityof the parts of the product containing lead; and(B) establish a schedule by which such electronicdevices shall be in full compliance with the limits in sub-section (a), unless the Commission determines that fullcompliance will not be technologically feasible for suchdevices within a schedule set by the Commission.(5) P ERIODIC REVIEW.—The Commission shall, based onthe best available scientific and technical information, periodi-cally review and revise the regulations promulgated pursuant to this subsection no less frequently than every 5 years after the first promulgation of a regulation under this subsection to make them more stringent and to require the lowest amount of lead the Commission determines is technologically feasible to achieve.(c) A PPLICATION W ITH ASTM F963.—To the extent that any regulation promulgated by the Commission under this section (or any section of the Consumer Product Safety Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, as such Acts are affected by this section) is inconsistent with the ASTM F963 standard, such Deadline. Requirements. Deadline.122 STAT. 3020 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 promulgated regulation shall supersede the ASTM F963 standard to the extent of the inconsistency. (d) T ECHNOLOGICAL F EASIBILITY D EFINED .—For purposes of this section, a limit shall be deemed technologically feasible with regard to a product or product category if— (1) a product that complies with the limit is commercially available in the product category; (2) technology to comply with the limit is commercially available to manufacturers or is otherwise available within the common meaning of the term; (3) industrial strategies or devices have been developed that are capable or will be capable of achieving such a limit by the effective date of the limit and that companies, acting in good faith, are generally capable of adopting; or (4) alternative practices, best practices, or other operational changes would allow the manufacturer to comply with the limit. (e) P ENDING R ULEMAKING P ROCEEDINGS T O H AVE N O E FFECT .— The pendency of a rulemaking proceeding to consider— (1) a delay in the effective date of a limit or an alternate limit under this section related to technological feasibility, (2) an exception for certain products or materials or inacces-sibility guidance under subsection (b) of this section, or (3) any other request for modification of or exemption from any regulation, rule, standard, or ban under this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, shall not delay the effect of any provision or limit under this section nor shall it stay general enforcement of the requirements of this section. (f) M ORE S TRINGENT L EAD P AINT B AN .— (1) I N GENERAL .—Effective on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall modify section 1303.1 of its regulations (16 C.F.R. 1301.1) by sub-stituting ‘‘0.009 percent’’ for ‘‘0.06 percent’’ in subsection (a) of that section. (2) P ERIODIC REVIEW AND REDUCTION .—The Commissionshall, no less frequently than every 5 years after the date on which the Commission modifies the regulations pursuant to paragraph (1), review the limit for lead in paint set forth in section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations (as revised by paragraph (1)), and shall by regulation revise down-ward the limit to require the lowest amount of lead that the Commission determines is technologically feasible to achieve. (3) M ETHODS FOR SCREENING LEAD IN SMALL PAINTED AREAS .—In order to provide for effective and efficient enforce-ment of the limit set forth in section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, the Commission may rely on x-ray fluorescence technology or other alternative methods for meas-uring lead in paint or other surface coatings on products subject to such section where the total weight of such paint or surface coating is no greater than 10 milligrams or where such paint or surface coating covers no more than 1 square centimeter of the surface area of such products. Such alternative methods for measurement shall not permit more than 2 micrograms of lead in a total weight of 10 milligrams or less of paint or other surface coating or in a surface area of 1 square centi-meter or less.Deadline. Effective date.122 STAT. 3021 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008(4) A LTERNATIVE METHODS OF MEASURING LEAD IN PAINT GENERALLY.—(A) S TUDY.—Not later than 1 year after the date ofenactment of this Act, the Commission shall complete astudy to evaluate the effectiveness, precision, and reliabilityof x-ray fluorescence technology and other alternativemethods for measuring lead in paint or other surfacecoatings when used on a children’s product or furniturearticle in order to determine compliance with part 1303of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, as modified pursu-ant to this subsection.(B) R ULEMAKING.—If the Commission determines,based on the study in subparagraph (A), that x-ray fluores-cence technology or other alternative methods for meas-uring lead in paint are as effective, precise, and reliableas the methodology used by the Commission for compliancedeterminations prior to the date of enactment of this Act,the Commission may promulgate regulations governing theuse of such methods in determining the compliance ofproducts with part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regula-tions, as modified pursuant to this subsection. Any regula-tions promulgated by the Commission shall ensure thatsuch alternative methods are no less effective, precise, andreliable than the methodology used by the Commissionprior to the date of enactment of this Act.(5) P ERIODIC REVIEW.—The Commission shall, no less fre-quently than every 5 years after the Commission completes the study required by paragraph (4)(A), review and revise any methods for measurement utilized by the Commission pursuant to paragraph (3) or pursuant to any regulations promulgated under paragraph (4) to ensure that such methods are the most effective methods available to protect children’s health. The Commission shall conduct an ongoing effort to study and encourage the further development of alternative methods for measuring lead in paint and other surface coating that can effectively, precisely, and reliably detect lead levels at or below the level set forth in part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, or any lower level established by regulation.(6) N O EFFECT ON LEGAL LIMIT.—Nothing in paragraph(3), nor reliance by the Commission on any alternative methodof measurement pursuant to such paragraph, nor any rule prescribed pursuant to paragraph (4), nor any method estab-lished pursuant to paragraph (5) shall be construed to alter the limit set forth in section 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, as modified pursuant to this subsection, or provide any exemption from such limit.(7) C ONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection shall beconstrued to affect the authority of the Commission or any other person to use alternative methods for detecting lead asa screening method to determine whether further testing oraction is needed.(g) T REATMENT AS A R EGULATION U NDER THE FHSA.—Any ban imposed by subsection (a) or rule promulgated under subsection (a) or (b) of this section, and section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations (as modified pursuant to subsection (f)(1) or (2)), or any successor regulation, shall be considered a regulation of the Commission promulgated under or for the enforcement of Deadline. Deadline.122 STAT. 3022 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 section 2(q) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261(q)). SEC. 102. MANDATORY THIRD P ARTY TESTING FOR CERTAIN CHIL-DREN’S PRODUCTS. (a) M ANDATORY AND T HIRD P ARTY T ESTING .— (1) G ENERAL CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION .— (A) A MENDMENT .—Paragraph (1) of section 14(a) (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)) is amended to read as follows: ‘‘(1) G ENERAL CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION .—Except as pro-vided in paragraphs (2) and (3), every manufacturer of a product which is subject to a consumer product safety rule under this Act or similar rule, ban, standard, or regulation under any other Act enforced by the Commission and which is imported for consumption or warehousing or distributed in commerce (and the private labeler of such product if such product bears a private label) shall issue a certificate which— ‘‘(A) shall certify, based on a test of each product or upon a reasonable testing program, that such product com-plies with all rules, bans, standards, or regulations applicable to the product under this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission; and ‘‘(B) shall specify each such rule, ban, standard, or regulation applicable to the product.’’. (B) E FFECTIVE DATE .—The amendment made by subparagraph (A) shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (2) T HIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENT .—Section 14(2) (15 U.S.C. 2063(2)) is further amended by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4) and inserting after paragraph (1) the following: ‘‘(2) T HIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENT .—Effective on the dates provided in paragraph (3), before importing for consump-tion or warehousing or distributing in commerce any children’s product that is subject to a children’s product safety rule, every manufacturer of such children’s product (and the private labeler of such children’s product if such children’s product bears a private label) shall— ‘‘(A) submit sufficient samples of the children’s product, or samples that are identical in all material respects to the product, to a third party conformity assessment body accredited under paragraph (3) to be tested for compliance with such children’s product safety rule; and ‘‘(B) based on such testing, issue a certificate that certifies that such children’s product complies with the children’s product safety rule based on the assessment of a third party conformity assessment body accredited to conduct such tests. A manufacturer or private labeler shall issue either a separate certificate for each children’s product safety rule applicable to a product or a combined certificate that certifies compliance with all applicable children’s product safety rules, in which case each such rule shall be specified. ‘‘(3) S CHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THIRD PARTY TESTING .— ‘‘(A) G ENERAL APPLICATION .—Except as provided under subparagraph (F), the requirements of paragraph (2) shallNotice. Certification.15 USC 2063 note.122 STAT. 3023 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008apply to any children’s product manufactured more than90 days after the Commission has established and pub-lished notice of the requirements for accreditation of thirdparty conformity assessment bodies to assess conformitywith a children’s product safety rule to which such chil-dren’s product is subject.‘‘(B) T IME LINE FOR ACCREDITATION.—‘‘(i) L EAD PAINT.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall pub-lish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess con-formity with part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations.‘‘(ii) F ULL-SIZE CRIBS; NON FULL-SIZE CRIBS; PAC-IFIERS.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enact-ment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with parts 1508, 1509, and 1511 of such title.‘‘(iii) S MALL PARTS.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall pub-lish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess con-formity with part 1501 of such title.‘‘(iv) C HILDREN’S METAL JEWELRY.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commis-sion shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess conformity with the requirements of section 101(a)(2) of such Act with respect to children’s metal jewelry.‘‘(v) B ABY BOUNCERS, WALKERS, AND JUMPERS.— Not later than 210 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with parts 1500.18(a)(6) and 1500.86(a) of such title.‘‘(vi) A LL OTHER CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY RULES.—The Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with other children’s product safety rules at the earliest practicable date, but in no case later than 10 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, or, in the case of children’s product safety rules established or revised1 year or more after such date of enactment, not laterthan 90 days before such rules or revisions take effect.‘‘(C) A CCREDITATION.—Accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies pursuant to the requirements established under subparagraph (B) may be conducted Deadlines. Notices.122 STAT. 3024 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 either by the Commission or by an independent accredita-tion organization designated by the Commission. ‘‘(D) P ERIODIC REVIEW .—The Commission shall periodi-cally review and revise the accreditation requirements established under subparagraph (B) to ensure that the requirements assure the highest conformity assessment body quality that is feasible. ‘‘(E) P UBLICATION OF ACCREDITED ENTITIES .—The Commission shall maintain on its Internet website an up- to-date list of entities that have been accredited to assess conformity with children’s product safety rules in accord-ance with the requirements published by the Commission under this paragraph. ‘‘(F) E XTENSION .—If the Commission determines that an insufficient number of third party conformity assess-ment bodies have been accredited to permit certification for a children’s product safety rule under the accelerated schedule required by this paragraph, the Commission may extend the deadline for certification to such rule by not more than 60 days. ‘‘(G) R ULEMAKING .—Until the date that is 3 years after the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Commission proceedings under this paragraph shall be exempt from the requirements of sections 553 and 601 through 612 of title 5, United States Code.’’. (3) C ONFORMING AMENDMENTS .—Section 14(a)(4) (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(4)), as redesignated by paragraph (2) of this subsection, is amended— (A) by striking ‘‘required by paragraph (1) of this sub-section’’ and inserting ‘‘required under paragraph (1), (2), or (3)’’; and (B) by striking ‘‘requirement under paragraph (1)’’ and inserting ‘‘requirement under paragraph (1), (2), or (3)’’. (b) A DDITIONAL R EQUIREMENTS ; D EFINITIONS .—Section 14 (15 U.S.C. 2063) is further amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(d) A DDITIONAL R EGULATIONS FOR T HIRD P ARTY T ESTING .— ‘‘(1) A UDIT .—Not later than 10 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall by regulation establish require-ments for the periodic audit of third party conformity assess-ment bodies as a condition for the continuing accreditation of such conformity assessment bodies under subsection (a)(3)(C). ‘‘(2) C OMPLIANCE ; CONTINUING TESTING .—Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall by regulation— ‘‘(A) initiate a program by which a manufacturer or private labeler may label a consumer product as complying with the certification requirements of subsection (a); and ‘‘(B) establish protocols and standards— ‘‘(i) for ensuring that a children’s product tested for compliance with an applicable children’s product safety rule is subject to testing periodically and when there has been a material change in the product’s design or manufacturing process, including the sourcing of component parts;Protocols. Standards. Deadlines.Termination date.Web site. Records.PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008122 STAT. 3025‘‘(ii) for the testing of random samples to ensurecontinued compliance;‘‘(iii) for verifying that a children’s product testedby a conformity assessment body complies withapplicable children’s product safety rules; and‘‘(iv) for safeguarding against the exercise of undueinfluence on a third party conformity assessment bodyby a manufacturer or private labeler.‘‘(e) W ITHDRAWAL OF A CCREDITATION.—‘‘(1) I N GENERAL.—The Commission may withdraw itsaccreditation or its acceptance of the accreditation of a thirdparty conformity assessment body accredited under this sectionif the Commission finds, after notice and investigation, that—‘‘(A) a manufacturer, private labeler, or governmental entity has exerted undue influence on such conformityassessment body or otherwise interfered with or com-promised the integrity of the testing process with respectto the certification of a children’s product under this sec-tion; or‘‘(B) such conformity assessment body failed to comply with an applicable protocol, standard, or requirement estab-lished by the Commission under subsection (d).‘‘(2) P ROCEDURE.—In any proceeding to withdraw the accreditation of a conformity assessment body, the Commis-sion—‘‘(A) shall consider the gravity of the conformity assess-ment body’s action or failure to act, including—‘‘(i) whether the action or failure to act resultedin injury, death, or the risk of injury or death;‘‘(ii) whether the action or failure to act constitutesan isolated incident or represents a pattern or practice;and‘‘(iii) whether and when the conformity assessmentbody initiated remedial action; and‘‘(B) may—‘‘(i) withdraw its acceptance of the accreditationof the conformity assessment body on a permanentor temporary basis; and‘‘(ii) establish requirements for reaccreditation ofthe conformity assessment body.‘‘(3) F AILURE TO COOPERATE.—The Commission may sus-pend the accreditation of a conformity assessment body if itfails to cooperate with the Commission in an investigationunder this section.‘‘(f) D EFINITIONS.—In this section:‘‘(1) C HILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY RULE.—The term ‘chil-dren’s product safety rule’ means a consumer product safetyrule under this Act or similar rule, regulation, standard, orban under any other Act enforced by the Commission, includinga rule declaring a consumer product to be a banned hazardousproduct or substance.‘‘(2) T HIRD PARTY CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT BODY.—‘‘(A) I N GENERAL.—The term ‘third party conformity assessment body’ means a conformity assessment bodythat, except as provided in subparagraph (D), is not owned,managed, or controlled by the manufacturer or private。
解读美国《2008消费品安全改进法案》
解读美国《2008消费品安全改进法案》中国质量新闻网2008年11月20日消息（《中国检验检疫》诸乃彤王媛周磊）近年来，国外对我国贸易进行限制的手段和规则日趋严厉。
世界发达国家正积极采取更加严厉的技术壁垒即绿色非关税贸易壁垒手法对我国产品实施打压，且有扩大之势，在生态环保等方面提出苛刻的要求。
在2007年发生了大批产品召回后，美国政府对消费产品施加更加严格的安全管理法规。
2008年8月14日美国总统布什签署了《2008消费品安全改进法案》。
这个让我国关注近一年之久、将对我出口消费品产生重大影响的法案终于尘埃落定。
此次出台的改进法案主要针对儿童产品，设定了新的安全标准和更加严格的监管措施，再次体现了美国是“儿童的天堂”。
美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）成立于1972年，它的责任是保护广大消费者的利益，通过减少消费品存在的伤害及死亡的危险来维护人身及家庭安全。
CPSC的主要功能表现为：制定生产者自律标准，对于那些没有标准可依的消费品，制定强制性标准或禁令；对具有潜在危险的产品执行检查，通过各种渠道包括媒体、州、当地政府、个人团体组织等将意见反馈给消费者。
CPSC现在负责对超过15000种用于家庭、体育、娱乐及学校的消费品的安全监控。
CPSA是《消费产品安全法案》的简称，这个法案于1972年颁布，它是CPSC 的保护条例。
它建立了代理机构，阐释了它的基本权力，并规定当CPSC发现了任何与消费产品有关的能够带来伤害过分危险时，制定能够减轻或消除这种危险的标准。
它还允许CPSC在其管辖范围内对有缺陷产品发布召回。
美国总统布什刚刚签署的《2008消费品安全改进法案》将进一步授权加强消费品特别是儿童产品的安全管理。
该法案从提出到最终签署，经历了多次修订和审议。
此次签署生效后，意义深远、影响巨大。
该法案授权给CPSC，并扩展该委员会职责，以确保消费产品的安全性，特别是为儿童设计的产品。
该法案的新条款用于强制要求制造商制造出更加安全的儿童玩具和其他产品，对违法者加重处罚，并且当制裁此法案保护权益的破坏者时，给予了CPSC更大的权利，以强化此法案的执行力。
《消费品安全改进法案》成出口企业新考验
酸酯测试的企业比以前多Ｔ－ 多。 ｔ ６
高 。根 据 法 案 要 求 ， 法 案 生 效 当 日 资产没收。
原来 ，８ ４ 月１ 日美 国总统布 什签署 起 １ ０日后 ，儿 童 用 品 中含 铅 量 不得 ８ 消费品安全改进法案》 。该法案规 超 过０ ０ ％ ６ ０ ｐ ） 一年 内将 降低 ．６ （０ ｐ ｍ ，
旧 开始， 自愿性标准ＡＴ ９３ ＳＭＦ６将转化 下 ）；儿童 用 品和 家用 家具涂料 （ 主要 品 出现 问题后 的问责上 与原规定也有所
上 须加贴可追溯性标签 。
近１倍，从 目前的ＯＯ； ０ ． ｊ ６降低至００９。 ； ． ％ ０
商 、进 口 、美 国当地的中间商、分销 商
“ 消 费 品安 全改 进 法 案 对 玩 在邻苯 二甲酸酯 含量中，永久性禁止儿 商 、零售商等 多个 环节。假如产 品出现
厂 Ｕ ｌ Ｉ
最近，通标标准技术服务有限公 司 是安全的，并且监管机构也有 了执 法所 至１ ０万 美元。违反消费品安全委 员会 ５０
Ｓ 广州轻工产 品实验 室显得异常繁忙，
。
需的来源。”
任伺法规 的刑事惩罚 ，将面临五年 以下
来为 自己 的产 品进行铅含量及邻苯 二
铅 含 量 和 邻 苯 二 甲酸 酯 要 求 更 的监禁或罚金，或两 者并罚，甚至包括
出口美国产品门槛更高
Ｄ Ｐ 的儿童 玩具或儿童护 了该法律，均不 免除于惩罚之外。因此 Ｎ 从 去年 开始 ，儿童玩 具等消费品 因 酸 二正 辛酯 （ Ｏ ）
全 问题被 大量 召回。在 美国消费品委 理物 品。
要想免 于受罚，从 一开始 企业 生产 出来
会 的网站上，几乎每 天都能看到一些
《消费品安全改进法案》概要
《消费品安全改进法案》概要第101条. 含铅儿童产品；含铅油漆法规 第102条. 对某些儿童产品实行强制性第三方测试 第103条. 儿童产品的追踪标识第104条. 耐用型育婴产品的标准与消费者注册 第105条. 玩具和游戏机广告的标识要求第213条：禁止储存美国消费品安全委员会规范范围内的产品 第215条. 检查私营实验室；确认供应链 第232条. 关于全地形越野车的标准CPSC相关规定请以英文原文为准to ci q .g ov .cn第101条. 含铅儿童产品；含铅油漆法规基本综述:消费品安全改进法案》降低儿童产品中所允许的含铅量. 第101条对儿童产品的含铅量和这类产品使用的油漆的含铅量作了新的限制规定. 含铅量限制规定对儿童产品中含铅量的限制将在三年之内逐步完成。
自2009年二月十日起, 为12岁或更年幼的儿童设计的产品的含铅量不得超过600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。
自2009年二月十日起, 含铅量超过600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值的儿童产品在美国被禁止, 销售这些产品会带来严重的民事和刑事责任。
本法规规定, 油漆, 涂层或电镀无法阻止儿童接触产品中所含的铅。
在法案制定一年之后, 或者自2009年八月十四日起, 为12岁或更年幼的儿童设计的产品的含铅量不得超过300 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。
三年后, 或者自2011年八月十四日起, 这一限制将降低到100 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值, 除非委员会认定这一更低限制的规定技术上不可行。
某些儿童产品如果其含铅组成部分使用者接触不到, 则可以被豁免或不受新的含铅量限制规定的制约。
委员会将在一年内制定指导法规, 阐述产品的那些组成部分是使用者接触不到的。
本委员会还将评估某些电子装置，包括含电池的装置，是否必须符合含铅量限制规定。
对含铅油漆的限制此外, 在一年之后, 或者自2009年八月十四日起, 法案规定供消费者使用的油漆和其他表层涂料中的含铅量必须从600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值降低到90 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。
美国消费品安全改进法案课件
适用范围： 所有涉及到儿童产品安全法令法规的产品。这些法令法规包括《消费品安全法案》及本改进法案及其他类似法案、禁令、强制性标准、规章、规定和其他CPSC强制执行的法案。 条款要求： 1、生产商及进口商都必须通过检测或抽检的基础上获得其产品的符合性证书，证明其产品符合所有的规定、禁令、标准及法规的要求。 2、列明产品所能够满足的规定、禁令、标准及法规的名称。生效时间： CPSIA颁布90天后生效。（2008年11月11日）
适用范围：儿童产品中所使用的各类材料 。条款要求：儿童产品的铅含量限值： ① 0.06%(600 ppm)，法规生效 180 天后开始实施 (2009 年 2 月 10 日)； ② 0.03%(300 ppm)，法规生效 1 年后开始实施 (2009 年 8 月 14 日)； ③ 0.01%(100 ppm)，法规生效 3 年后开始实施 (2011 年 8 月 14 日)； 注：豁免----不能被儿童接触到的部件。目前CPSC正在制定“判定不会与儿童接触的零部件的指南”
三、禁止销售某些含邻苯二甲酸盐的产品（第108章）
适用范围： 儿童玩具和儿童护理产品中的六种邻苯二甲酸盐（DEHP、DBP、BBP、DINP、DIDP、DnOP六种） ★ 对于产品中含有的邻苯二甲酸盐类物质管控的模式类似于欧盟指令2005/84/EC。
条款要求： ①永久禁令---禁止玩具和儿童护理产品中的三种邻苯二甲酸盐（DEHP、DBP和BBP）含量超过0.1% ②临时禁令—禁止所有可放入口中的儿童玩具和儿童护理产品中的三种邻苯二甲酸盐（DINP，DIDP和DnOP）含量超过0.1% ③研究---要求CPSC指定一个慢性危害顾问小组（CHAP）研究和评估所有邻苯二甲酸盐（单体或化合物）或其替代物对儿童的潜在健康影响。一旦得出对儿童健康有潜在影响，会有更多的增塑剂被限制。实施时间：从法规生效180天后开始(2009年2月10日)，
Cusumer product safety__ improvement act of 2008
7
CPSC职责
美国政府负责美国消费品安全的机构
负责发布强制性产品安全标准
通过与产业界的合作制订各种的共识性(也叫做自愿性) 安全标准 负责监督与消费品相关的伤害与死亡案例
与有关公司合作从市场上召回有缺陷的产品。
赋予额外资源：提高委员会供资水平、增加委员会的专职工作人员 批准消费品安全委员会在2010～2014年作为执法机关
管辖范围及要求
儿童产品（排除接触不到的成分）
生效日期
生效后180天 生效后1年 生效后3年 生效后1年
注：至少每5年对上述限值审查一次
SGS-CSTC E&E RSTS
10
特殊材料、产品、零部件的豁免规定
特殊产品及材料
产品或材料在正常使用、因儿童误吞、口含、折断和其它活动所导致的误用以 及正常老化的情况下，产品或材料中所含的铅不会被人体吸收。 产品或材料不会对公共健康与安全造成其他方面的影响。
特殊零部件的豁免
儿童产品的某个零部件在正常使用、可预见用途及误用时不会与儿童发生接触 （产品对该零部件进行了遮盖或包装，无法与人体接触）。
无效的保护措施
产品外部的油漆、布料和电镀层等。
电子部件（技术原因）
禁止或降低产品中含铅的电子部件，对该类电子部件加装保护装置，防止铅与 儿童及人体接触。 制定电子部件完全符合限值的时间表，委员会确认由于技术原因无法完全符合 限值的情况除外。
E&E RSTS
2008消费品安全改进法案 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008
E&E RSTS
新闻回顾
2007年9月5日，美国最大玩具商美泰公司宣布，由于玩具涂料含铅 成分过高，将在全球范围内召回82.4万件中国生产的芭比玩具。 美泰对中国产玩具进行继续调查之后所做出的决定，
解读美国《2008消费品安全改进法案》
误 吸磁 铁 后 造 成 的 内部 伤 害 。
有 毒 物 质 。 球 形 末 端 玩 具 。半 球 形
在 耐 用 幼 儿 产 品 标 准 及 消 费 者
方 法 方 面 关 于 以下 情 形 的 效 力 ：
案 的新 条 款用 于 强制 要 求制 造商 制 造 出更 加 安 全 的儿童 玩 具和 其他 产 品 ， 违法 者加 重 处罚 ， 对 并且 当制裁
此 法 案 保 护 权 益 的 破 坏 者 时 ， 予 了 给
小面 积 油 漆
（ 改 １ ｌ ３ ３１ 修 ６ＣＺ １０ ． Ｒ ）
法 案 生 效 １ 后 年
如 单 个 产 品 油 漆 重 量 少 于 １ｇ或 表 面 积 少 于 １ｃ ０ ｍ２
≤ ２ ｎｇ ＸＲＦ扫 描 技 术 或 其 它方 法 ａ，
供 １ ２岁 以下 儿 童 使 用 的玩 具或 ３岁 以下 儿 童 使 用 的 护 理 产 品
２０ ０ ７年发生 了大批 产品 召回后 ， 国 美 政 府 对 消费 产 品施 加 更 加 严格 的安
全管 理法规 。 ２０ ０ ８年 ８月 １ 美 国 总 统 布 什 ４１ ３
州、 当地 政 府 、 人 团体 组 织 等 个
见 反馈 给消 费者 。Ｃ Ｓ Ｐ Ｃ现 在负 超 过 １０ ０种 用 于 家 庭 、 育 、 ５０ 体 及学校 的消费 品的安全监控 。
邻 苯二 甲酸 盐 ≤ ０ １％ ＤＥＨＰ． ． ＤＢＰＢ ．ＢＰ 过 渡 性 禁 令
法 案 生 效 １ ０天 ８
（ｅ． ８ Ｓｃ１ ） ０
３岁 以 下儿 童 使 用的 护 理 产 品 或 能放 入 口中供 １ ２岁 以 下 儿童 使 用 的 玩 具
≤ ０． １％ Ｄ Ｉ Ｐ， Ｉ Ｐ ，ＤＮ Ｏ Ｐ Ｎ Ｄ Ｄ
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
四、玩具强制性安全标准（第106章）
CPSC对特殊玩具、部件和风险的规则制定对以下的内 容依据安全要求、安全标签要求和测试方法检查和评 估ASTM F963或替代标准的可行性：
通过摄取或吸入儿童产品中的可吞食物引起的内伤或外伤 的风险
毒性物质 球形玩具 半圆形物体 绳、带子和橡皮绳 电池操作玩具
2008年7月，美国国会、参众两院分别以高票通 过了H.R.4040 《消费品安全修正案》。
8月14日美国布什总统正式签署颁布了该修正案。
修正案内容涉及广泛，既包含对儿童玩具及儿童 产品监管政策的调整，也包括了美国监管部门消 费品安全委员会（简称CPSC）本身改革的内容 。
《美国消费品安全改进法案》的主要 内容
三、禁止销售某些含邻苯二甲酸盐的产品（第 108章）
适用范围： 儿童玩具和儿童护理产品中的六种邻苯二甲酸盐
（DEHP、DBP、BBP、DINP、DIDP、DnOP六种） ★ 对于产品中含有的邻苯二甲酸盐类物质管控的
模式类似于欧盟指令2005/84/EC。
三、禁止销售某些含邻苯二甲酸盐的产品（第108章）
二、油漆及涂料的总铅含量（第101章，f部分）
适用范围：儿童产品 条款要求：
在玩具、儿童首饰、家具等上所使用油漆油墨 等涂层材料中铅含量限值从0.06%（600ppm） 降至%（90ppm），法规生效1年后开始实 施。 具体的时间是：2009年8月14日
注：当涂料样品的质量小于10mg或面积小于 10cm2时，仍然需要进行检测。
实施时间：从法规生效180天后开始(2009年2月10日)，
四、玩具强制性安全标准（第106章）
适用范围：儿童玩具 条款要求：
美国材料与试验协会（简称ASTM）编制的ASTM F963-07将被自动视为CPSC颁布的强制性安全标准。
实施时间：改进法案颁布180天后(2009年2月10日)
注：如果ASTM标准中的有关要求与法规不一致时，以 H.R.4040《消费品安全改进法案》为准；或如果有比ASTM 更严格的标准，ASTM标准将会被替代。
所有儿童产品 中邻苯二甲酸 盐DEHP、 DBP、BBP、 含量不超过
0.1%
所有放入口中 儿童产品中的 邻苯二甲酸盐 DINP、DIDP、 BnOP、含量 不超过0.1%
对儿童产 品实行强 制第三方
检测
ASTM F963 作为玩具安全 的强制性标准
每6个月颁布一 次至少两种婴儿 耐用/学步产品 的标准
适用范围：儿童产品中所使用的各类材料 。 条款要求：儿童产品的铅含量限值：
① 0.06%(600 ppm)，法规生效 180 天后开始实施 (2009 年 2 月 10 日)； ② 0.03%(300 ppm)，法规生效 1 年后开始实施 (2009 年 8 月 14 日)； ③ 0.01%(100 ppm)，法规生效 3 年后开始实施 (2011 年 8 月 14 日)； 注：豁免----不能被儿童接触到的部件。目前CPSC正 在制定“判定不会与儿童接触的零部件的指南”
为婴儿耐用/学 步产品的制造商 颁布最终消费者 产品安全法规： 为消费者提供登 记表；保留记录 以改善产品的召 回；并且将联系 方式永久标注在 每件产品上。
ASTM F963与 某些产品的安全、 标记和测试方法 有相关性，将审 核和评估其有效 性
限制儿童产品 任何部分总铅 含量上限为： 300ppm
条款要求：
①永久禁令---禁止玩具和儿童护理产品中的三种邻苯二甲 酸盐（DEHP、DBP和BBP）含量超过0.1%
②临时禁令—禁止所有可放入口中的儿童玩具和儿童护理 产品中的三种邻苯二甲酸盐（DINP，DIDP和DnOP） 含量超过0.1%
③研究---要求CPSC指定一个慢性危害顾问小组（CHAP） 研究和评估所有邻苯二甲酸盐（单体或化合物）或其替 代物对儿童的潜在健康影响。一旦得出对儿童健康有潜 在影响，会有更多的增塑剂被限制。
美国《消费品安全改进法案》
（儿童产品安全） 江苏出入境检验检疫局轻工产品与儿童用品检测中心
编制人：刘炘
美国《消费品安全改进法案》的背景
2007年，中国出口玩具连续出现的安全质量问题 引发了国外政府、媒体、消费者对中国产品安全 质量的争议。特别是美国的某些议员不断在公开 场合指责中国的产品质量，引导舆论指责中国， 并要求对《消费品安全法案》进行修订。
六、强制第三方检测（第102章）
适用范围：
所有涉及到儿童产品安全法令法规的产品。这些法令法规包 括《消费品安全法案》及本改进法案及其他类似法案、禁令、
强制性标准、规章、规定和其他CPSC强制执行的法案。
条款要求：
1、生产商及进口商都必须通过检测或抽检的基础上获得其产 品的符合性证书，证明其产品符合所有的规定、禁令、标准及 法规的要求。
颁布相关法规 以提供绝缘材 料的安全指导
将表面涂层总 铅含量上限改 为：90ppm
要求儿童产品 以及包装上必 须具有可溯源 的标签
限制儿童 产品任何 部分总铅 含量上限
100ppm
2008年11月11日
2009年1月10日
2009年8月14日前
2009年8月14日
2011年8月14日
一、儿童产品中的铅（总铅）含量（第101章）
在全美建立统一的强制性国家标准。 进一步规范含铅玩具 玩具上加贴可追溯性标签。 将自愿性标准ASTM F963转化为强制性标
准。 对某些儿童产品实行强制性第三检测 对玩具中的6种邻苯二甲酸盐实施控制
美国消费品安全改善法令(CPSIA)的时间
表
限制儿童产品 任何部分总铅 含量上限为：
600ppm
五、法规中“术语”解释 （106章 e条）
① “儿童玩具”：专门为12岁及以下儿童玩耍使用而设计 的消费品。
② “儿童产品”：主要为12岁或以下儿童设计并生产的消 费品；
③“儿童护理产品”：专门为3岁及以下婴幼儿设计，用于 帮助他们睡眠、进食、吃奶及出牙（长牙）的产品。
④“可放进口中”的玩具 —— 如果玩具的任何部分确实可 被儿童放进口中和含在口中，因此这个玩具可以被儿童 吸吮和咀嚼（如果产品仅是可以被舔到，那将不被视为 “可放进口中”）。玩具或其部件中必需有某一部分尺 寸小于5cm才视为“可放进口中”。