Lesson Eight
Lesson Eight
这哨子代价太高
(After Benjamin Franklin)
主讲:张光和
Benjamin Franklin was a statesman and diplomat
for the newly formed United States, as well as a prolific author and inventor. Franklin helped draft, and then signed, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. As a civic leader, he initiated a number of new programs in Philadelphia, including a fire company, fire insurance, a library, and a university.
I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money,and laughed at me so much for foolishness. So I cried. Thinking about the matter gave me more shame than the whistle gave me pleasure.
Explanation of the Text
Lesson Eight 研英精读
Lesson Eight The Preface of Silent springAl GoreI Background information1.Al Gore2.Rachel Louise Carson3.DDTII. V ocabulary study1.albeit conj.& adv. =although/though/while[古语]尽管，即使，虽然（一般用来连接单词或短语，而不是从句）Albert fair, the girl was not sought after.You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication. Phrases:Albeit Mildly 尽管势头很温和Albeit Monotonous 尽管很枯燥Albeit Foggy 尽管很模糊Albeit Temporarily 尽管只是暂时Albeit Obtusely 尽管很笨拙Albeit Modestly 尽管幅度较小2.precursor 先驱；先行者；先兆Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
Viewed as a precursor to a wider open data movement, it could be as important as any we have seen in the web era.它被视为更广泛的数据开放运动的先导，它将像我们在互联网时代看到的所有重要的事物一样重要。
U.S. officials also recognize that acute hunger and malnutrition can be the precursor for disease outbreaks.美国官员也认识到，严重的饥饿和营养不良可能是疾病暴发的前兆。
Lesson Eight
Chemical reactions of jute are much like those of other cellulosic fibers. Resistance to alkalis and dilute acids is good. Concentrated acids do cause fiber breakdown. Sunlight does not damage jute. 黄麻遇化学制剂的（酸碱）反应就像其他的纤维素纤维 一样。具有好的耐碱和耐弱酸性。强酸会使纤维素分解。 光照对黄麻纤维没有破坏作用。
Jute is obtained from the stem of the plant. The major growing areas are Bangladesh,India,and Thailand. In fabric it isfrequently called burlap or hessian. 黄麻是从植物的茎中获得，它的主要生长地区是孟加拉 国，印度和泰国。从织物构造方面，它被频繁的成为粗 麻布或打包麻布。
Care of jute is similar to that of flax except for the fact that colored jute may require dry cleaning. Jute is widely used in developing countries and others where labor is available at relatively low cost. It is a labor-intensive commodity and requires a high proportion of labor in processing. 黄麻的护理类似于亚麻除了这一事实有色黄麻可能需要 干洗。黄麻被广泛的用于发展中国家和其他劳动成本相 对较低的地方，它是一个劳动密集的商品，并且在处理 中劳动力需要的比例很高。
高级英语 翻译重点(下)
Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper科学毁了我的晚餐I am a fan for Science. My education is scientific and I have, in one field, contributed a monograph to a scientific journal.我是个科学迷。
我是学科学的，曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章。
Science, to my mind, is applied honesty, the one reliable means we have to find out truth.在我看来，科学需运用诚实，是我们发现真理的唯一可靠的手段。
That is why, when error is committed in the name of science, I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink.因此在以科学的名义做错事时，我的感觉就像一个人最喜欢的叔叔染上酒瘾后的心情一样。
Take cheese, for instance.Here and there, in big cities, small stores and delicatessens specialize in cheese.以奶酪为例。
在大城市到处都有一些小店和熟食店专营奶酪。
At such places, one can buy at least some of the first –rate cheeses that we used to eat在这些地方，至少还能买到过去吃过的一些最好的奶酪---such as those we had with pie and macaroni (通心粉).比如我们在吃馅饼和通心粉时吃的奶酪。
lesson eight animal development
The first contact of the sperm head with the egg‘s jelly coat triggers the acrosome reaction, in which enzymes are released to digest a hole through the egg’s protective layers, and the plasma membrane of the sperm is brought into position to bind to the ovum‘s surface. 当精子和卵子的胶状膜发生接触时，触发了顶 体反应。释放多种酶而将卵保护膜消化出一个 洞。精子的原生质膜与卵子的表面连接起来。
Ova, which are produced during oogenesis, are generated in gonial cells (oogonia) of the female's ovaries. Oocytes then enter a stage of arrest in early meiosis. 在卵子发生过程中，由卵巢中的性母细胞 产生。卵母细胞进入减数分裂的抑制阶段。
Lesson eight Animal Development
sperm:精子，精液 ovum:卵子 pl.ova zygote:受精卵 fertilization: fertilization:受精 yolk:卵黄，蛋黄 oviduct:输卵管 ies:卵巢
genesis：生成，形成 spermatogenesis:精子发生 oogenesis:卵子发生 gametogenesis: gametogenesis:配子形成 organogenesis:器官发生 morphogenesis:形态发生
lesson eight
Lesson Eight YouthListen to the tape carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard.1. M: My chemistry project is in trouble. My partner and I have totally differentideas about how to proceed.W: You should try to meet each other halfway.Q: What does the woman suggest?a. They should find a better lab for the project.b. The man should meet his partner's needs.c. They should come to a compromise.d. The man should work with somebody else.He agreed to meet them half- way.他同意对他们作一定的妥协。
2. M: What's the matter? You've been sitting there for ages just staring into space. W: I told the Brownings I'd send them a postcard. Now I don't know what to say. Q: What is the woman doing?a. Looking for a postcard.b. Visiting the Brownings.c. Filling in a form.d. Writing a postcard.3. M: I've noticed that you get letters from Canada from time to time. Would youmind saving the stamps for me? My sister collects them.W: My roommates already asked for them.Q: What will the woman probably do?a. She will no longer get letters from Canada.b. She will not give the stamps to the man's sister.c. She will save the stamps for the man's sister.d. She will give the stamps to the man's roommates.4. M: Next, shouldn't we get a telephone installed in the hall?W: Fixing the shower pipe is far more important.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?a. The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's.b. They have different opinions as to what to do next.c. They have to pay for the house by installments.d. They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.5. M: I hope I won't oversleep. I've simply got to catch the first flight to New York.W: If I were you, I'd request a wake-up call from the hotel reception.Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?a. To ask for a wake-up call.b. To catch a later flight.c. To go to bed early.d. To cancel his trip.6. W: You know some TV channels have been rerunning a lot of comedies from thesixties. What do you think of those old shows?M: So-so, but the new ones aren't so great either.Q: What is the man's opinion on the new TV comedies?a. New TV comedies are not so good as old ones.b. New TV comedies are much better than old ones.c. TV comedies haven't improved since the sixties.d. TV comedies have improved a lot since the sixties.7. M: I heard that Park Electronics is going to be holding interviews on campus nextweek.W: Yeah. What day? I'd like to talk to them and drop off my resume.Q: What does the woman want to do?a. Get a job on campus.b. Take an electronics course.c. Visit the electronics company.d. Apply for a job with the electronics company.I'll drop this off on my way to the supermarket.我在去超级市场的途中将信寄出去。
科普版四年级英语上册 Lesson 8 知识清单
Lesson 8 What’s the time?
一、核心词汇
1. 名词: time时间Sunday星期日
2. 数词: eight八
3. 形容词: late迟的
4. 副词: o’clo ck ......点钟
二、拓展词汇
1. 名词: rain雨plane飞机day日子zoo动物园
2. 动词: take带走
3. 数词: six六eleven十一twelve十二
4. 副词: again又
三、核心句型
—What's the time, please? 请问,几点了?
—It's eight o'clock. 八点了.
解读: 这组对话是用来询问和回答时间的.
举一反三: —What's the time, please? 请问,几点了? —It's three o'clock. 三点了.
四、了解句型
1. I'm late again. 我又迟到了.
解读: 此句是陈述句,用来表达自己迟到了.
2. It's Sunday today. 今天是星期日.
解读: 此句是表达今天是星期几的陈述句.
3. Take out your pen. 拿出你的钢笔.
解读: 这是一个祈使句.。
在Lesson Eight《Fuwa》中进行激活型教学模式的尝试
合 素质 整 体 提 高 的 一 种 有 效 教 学 法 。它 要 求 教 师 在 深 入 研 在 接 下 来 的课 文 的学 习 中 ， 无 论 是 学 生 掌 握 课 文 的质 量 还
究 教 材 的 基 础 上 ，针 对 每 课 学 习 内 容 精 心 设 计 教 案 ，把 学 习 的主 题 分 成 若 干 个 小 话 题 ，通 过 充 满 激 情 和 活 力 的丰 富 是 学 习 速度 ，都 有 了 很大 提 升 。
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学 生 关 注 的体 育 项 目入 手 ， 运 用 激 活 型 教 学 模 式 ，让 学 生 感 知 奥 运 ， 了解 奥 运 福 娃 的特 殊 寓 意 ，达 到 这 节 课 的 学 习
多彩 的教 学手段 ，使学 生进 入课堂 ，唤起 学生 的注意 力，
充 分 调 动 学 生 学 习 的 积 极 性 与 主 动 性 ，进 而 让 学 生 以愉 悦 的 心 情 投 入 到 学 习 中 去 。 以下 是 笔 者 在 英 语 教 学 中 运 用 激
二 、形 式 求 活 泼 — — 方 式 多 样 化 ， 感 受 多 方位 ，信 息 反馈 畅 通
“ ｃ ｒ ｅ ａ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ” ，要 求 培 养 的 是创 造 型学 生 ，让 学 生 能 拓 宽 思路 ， 并 能 以最 佳 状 态 进 入 课 文 的 学 习 。 好 的 导 入 能 把 学 生 的 注 意 力 吸 引 到 课 堂 上 来 ， 为 课 堂 的 发 展 做 一 个 很 好 的铺 垫 。所 以 ，英 语 课 堂 的导 入 要 注 重 审 美 性 、形 象 性 、 娱 乐 性 ， 让 学 生 在 获 得 愉 悦 体 验 的 同 借 助 丰 富 多彩 的 活 动 输 出教 学 信 息 。例 如 ，可 以 把 教 学 活 动 变 成 ～ 个 竞 赛 、 抢 答 的 游 戏 过 程 ，它 承 担 了 包 括 使 学 生
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cleavage 卵裂 The mitotic division of the zygote that occurs immediately after fertilization and produces a ball of smaller cells without an overall increase in size. mitotic 有丝分裂的 fertilization 授精 overall 全面的
organogenesis [生]器官发生 [生 The formation of organs. ovary (生物) 卵巢, (植物)子房 (生物 卵巢, (植物 生物) 植物) The female sex organs that produce haploid sexcells, the eggs or ova. ovum 卵, 卵子
gene amplification 基因扩增 A temporary dramatic increase in the numbers of a particular gene in a genome during one developmental period. genome [生]基因组 [生 dramatic 显著地, 生动的 显著地,
blastomere 分裂球：在早期胚胎发育时受精 分裂球： 卵分裂产生的 One of several small cells formed from an animal zygote during cleavage. form from 由...组成, 用...构成 ...组成, ...构成 zygote [生物] 受精卵 [生物] cleavage 卵裂
mesoderm 中胚层：中间胚芽层，位于外胚层 中胚层：中间胚芽层， 和内胚层之间，最终发育成结缔组织、 和内胚层之间，最终发育成结缔组织、肌 骨骼、 肉、骨骼、泌尿系统及循环系统 The middle layer of the three germ layers of triploblastic animal embryos. It develops into cartilage, bone, muscle, blood, kidneys, and gonads. triploblastic 三胚层的 cartilage 软骨 kidney 肾 gonad 性腺, 生殖腺 性腺,
metamorphosis 变态 The transformation from larval to adult form. transformation 变化, 转化 larval 幼虫的 变化, morphogenesis 形态发生：有机体或部分结构 形态发生： 的形成； 的形成；组织和器官在发展过程中的变异或 生长 The developmental processes leading to the characteristic mature form of an organism or part of an organism. developmental 发育的nimal Development Glossary acrosome reaction 顶体反应 That series of observable, structural changes undergone by a sperm when in the vicinity of an ovum in the oviduct. Specifically, many openings appear in the sperm head membrane,through which the contents of the acrosome appear to be released. observable显著的, observable显著的,看得见的 undergo 经历 sperm 精子 vicinity 附近 ovum 卵, 卵子 oviduct [解]输卵管 [解 specifically 特定的 opening 口子, 通路 口子, membrane 膜, 隔膜 appear 看来, 似乎 看来,
ectoderm 外胚层：胚胎最初三层胚层中的最外一 外胚层： 由此发育成为表皮、 层，由此发育成为表皮、神经组织和脊椎动物的感 觉器官 The outermost of the germ layers of metazoan embryos. It develops mainly into epidermal tissue, the nervous system, sense organs, and(in lower forms) the nephridia. germ layer 胚叶, 胚层 胚叶, metazoan 多细胞动物 epidermal 表皮的,外皮的 nephridia 肾管 表皮的,
primitive streak 原条 A longitudinal band of embryonic mesodermal cells that develops within a dorsal groove along the length of the gastrula of mammals and birds. embryonic 胚胎的 mesodermal 中胚层的 dorsal 背的 , 脊的 groove 凹槽 regeneration 再生, 重建 再生, The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs that have been lost. replacement 复位,替代 复位,
parthenogenesis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖：一种 单性生殖，孤雌生殖： 配子未经受精就能发育成新个体的生殖方 式。 Reproduction in which eggs develop normally without being fertilized by a male gamete,producing an individual usually genetically identical to the parent.
gastrula 原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎，含 原肠胚：一种囊胚之后的胚胎， 有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层， 有中空、两层的外胚层和内胚层，包围着通 过胚孔跟外界交流的原肠 The stage in the development of animal embryos that follows the blastula and results from gastrulation. The cells of a gastrula are differentiated into the germ layers and the central cavity opens to the exterior by the blastopore. exterior 外部的, 表面的 外部的, blastopore 胚孔
differentiation 分化 The complex of changes involved in the progressive diversification of the structure and functioning of the cells of an organism. For a given line of cells, differentiation results in a continual restriction of the types of transcription that each cell can undertake. progressive 渐进的 diversification 变化, 多样化 变化, given 特定的, 假设的 特定的, result in 导致 continual 连续的, 频繁的 restriction 限制, 约束 连续的, 限制, transcription 转录 undertake 开始,采取 开始,
oviduct 输卵管 The tube (fallopian tube) that carries the primary oocyte to the uterus. fallopian tube 输卵管 oocyte 卵母细胞 uterus 子宫 ovum 卵, 卵子 An unfertilized non-motile female gamete. In nonmany animals it is produced in the ovary. ovary 卵巢, (植物)子房 卵巢, (植物)
endoderm 内胚层 The innermost of the germ layers of metazoan embryos. innermost 最里面的 fertilization 受精 The joining of haploid nuclei, usually from an egg and a sperm cell, resulting in a diploid cell called the zygote.
neurulation 神经胚形成 Developmental stage in an embryo during which the cells differentiate into the brain and spinal cord. differentiate 分化 spinal cord 脊髓 oogenesis 卵子发生 The specific name given to the gametogenesis process that leads to the formation of eggs. gametogenesis 配子形成
blastula 囊胚：分裂受精卵产生的早期胚胎 囊胚： 外形， 外形，由球形细胞层组成也作 blastosphere The stage of the early animal embryo that succeeds cleavage and precedes gastrulation. A blastula is usually made up of a hollow ball of cells, with a wall one to several cells thick;the central cavity is the blastocoel. embryo胚胎 embryo胚胎 precede 领先(于), 在...之前 领先( ...之前 gastrulation [医]原肠胚形成 [医 cavity 洞, [解剖]腔 [解剖] blastocoel [生物]囊胚腔 [生物]