2018届高三英语二模汇编--十一选十
北京市海淀区2018届高三第二学期期末练习(二模)英语.doc
2018 届北京市海淀区高三下学期期末（二模）英语试题2018.5 本试卷共12 页，共 120 分。
考试时长100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 A 、 B、 C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1. ----Excuse me, sir. Can you spare me a dollar _________ I can buy this book?----Sure, no problem.A. forB. soC. butD. or2. I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I ’m not sure ______to begin.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when3. Personally speaking, ________the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.A. turningB. turnC. turnedD. having turned4. I _____up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.A. have madeB. had madeC. was makingD. would make5. You don’tneed an invitation to help others. Give help _____you are asked.A. ifB. asC. thoughD. before6.By now 516 Confucius Institutes ______in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters.A. foundedB. would foundC. have been foundedD. had been founded7. The stadium ________ stands a theatre will be reconstructed.A. beside whichB. for whichC. whenD. which8. 40 grams of meat per day is ______ people should consume in order to stay fit.A. thatB. whyC. howD. what9. Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao ’s ownfamily.A. mirroredB. to mirrorC. mirroringD. mirror10. When I was small, my mom ________red me stories at night.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. would11. He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing __________.A. had happenedB. happenedC. would happenD. would have happened12.________some people criticize graffiti for begin ugly and destructive, those graffiti lovers still see itas real art.A. AsB. WhileC. OnceD. Until13.---How was your vacation in Seattle?---Pretty good. In the evenings I __________ to pubs to enjoy beer.A. have goneB. goC. had goneD. went14._______naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, Vitamin D is needed for healthy bones, teethand muscles.A. MakingB. To makeC. MadeD. Make15. This view is common _________ all sections of the community.A. acrossB. aboveC. aroundD. along第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、 B、 C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
北京市海淀区2018届高三二模英语试题含解析
北京市海淀区2018届高三二模英语试题2018.5本试卷共12页，共120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1.【2018·海淀二模】—Excuse me, sir. Can you spare me a dollar ________ I can buy this book? —Sure, no problem.A. forB. soC. butD. or【答案】B【解析】考查连词词义辨析。
句意：——打搅了，先生。
你可以给我一元钱吗，这样我就可以买这本书了。
——好的，没问题。
for因为；so所以，以便；but但是；or或者，否则。
根据语境，第一个说话者向对方要钱的目的是为了买书，故该处应填so。
B选项正确。
2.【2018·海淀二模】I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I’m not sure ______to begin.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when【答案】C【解析】考查疑问词。
句意：我现在需要帮助。
我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但是我不确定从何处着手。
代入句子，只有C选项符合语境，是管子哪里漏水，表示地点，故选C。
3.【2018·海淀二模】Personally speaking, ________the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.A. turningB. turnC. turnedD. having turned【答案】A【解析】考查动名词。
2018上海春考高考十一选十和完型原文（1）
2018上海春考⾼考⼗⼀选⼗和完型原⽂（1）⼗⼀选⼗原⽂Castles | Nonfiction Reading Test 3Palaces are knownfor their beauty andsplendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both majestic andwell-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the fascination of our culture.Castles were originally builtin Englandby Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror advancedthrough England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English rebellion. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops wereCastles served many purposes during the MiddleAges.As the nobility accumulated wealth, England became increasingly attractive to those who sought to plunder. Raids by Vikings and other marauders increased in regularity. In response to these attacks, castle defenses were updated and improved. Arrow-slits were added. These were small holes in the castle, large enough for an arrow to fit through, which allowed defenders to fire from nearly invulnerable positions. Towers were built from which defenders could provide flanking fire. These towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. Multiple rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers made it past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. Advances such as these greatly increased the defense of castles. The demise of castles can ultimately be attributed to gunpowder. Gunpowder was first introduced to Europeduring the 14th century, but the first gunpowder weapons were unreliable, inaccurate, and weak by later standards. During the 15th century, artillery became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly undermined the military rolesummoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both offensive and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they governed and pay tribute to the lord. They would address disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites overlooking the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily reminder of the lord's strength.The first castles constructedin Englandwere made from earth and timber. Those who constructed them took advantage of natural features, such as of castles. Castles were then replaced by artillery forts that had no role in civil administration, and country houses that were indefensible. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year from those who wish to experience these majestic vestiges of a time long passed.hills and rivers, to increasedefenses. Since thesecastles were constructedfrom wood, they werehighly susceptible toattacks by fire. Woodencastles were graduallyreplaced by stone, whichgreatly increased thestrength of thesefortifications; however,being made from stone didnot make these castlesentirely fireproof.Attackers could hurlflaming objects into thecastle through thewindows or ignite thewooden doors. This ledto moving the windowsand entrances off of theground floor and up to thefirst floor to make themmore difficult to access.完型原⽂Imagine this scenario: Two commercial fishermen head out to sea at the break of dawn, and spend the next ten hours hauling in the day’s catch. When they wearily return to dock and count their take, one has three times as many fish in his hold. How should the two fishermen be compensated for the long day’s work?Many people consider this a no-brainer. Three times the fish, three times the pay — simple. Reward is based on merit — in this case, successful fi shing. In academic jargon, it’s called“merit-based distributive justice.”The alternative — one alternative — is to divide the spoils equally. After all, both fishermen spent ten hours under the hot sun working, and brought back fish that will feed the community. And both need the money, so perhaps this is fairer, more equitable?The weight of evidence supports merit pay as the fairer approach. Humans are markedly averse to giving workers more than they deserve, and indeed many will settle for less in order to compensate work equitably. What’s more, this attitude appears very early in childhood: Children as young as three believe that hard work merits more reward. By the time they enter school, children are like little adults in their commitment to distributive justice.But is this impulse universal? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Sch?fer of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. According to Sch?fer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different cultures think about merit when sharing rewards. Thereis reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the behavior of children, four to 11 years old, in three different cultures.Some of the children were German, of suburban working parents. Another group was from a remote rural area of Namibia, anegalitarian foraging tribe called the Haillom, who gather bush food and occasionally work for wages. The third group was the Samburu, from a remote rural region of Kenya, who live on livestock, gardening and occasional wage work. The children were all studied in their own communities.The scientists asked the children to, well, go fishing. They fished two at a time, in two adjacent tanks. In this case, the “fish”were metallic objects in the tanks, which the children tried to “catch” with magnetized fishing rods. Only the game was rigged by the scientists in advance: In some cases, the two children would catch exactly the same number of fish, while in other cases, one child would catch three times as many fish. In another condition, the children didn’t fish at all, but were simply given unequal catches.The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted — without adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should distribute the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one equally, but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch size — since no effort was involved.Culture matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study, as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to productivity, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from the two rural African societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that fairness is culturally defined.But why? The scientists offer some thoughts on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocra cy is important for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in the future. In small scale societies, by contrast, most exchang es take place between people who are familiar with one another. It may be more important in such societies to buildlong-term relationships based on equity — rather than to insist on equity in a single transaction. In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom, sharing is an important leveling mechanism, balancing asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is imaginary. Follow Wray Herbert’s reporting on psychological science in The Huffington Post and on Twitter at @wrayherbert.。
2018年高考模拟英语试卷11后附答案
2018年高考模拟英语试卷11第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ALima，the capital of Peru (秘鲁), has countless museums that tourists can’t afford to miss. Now start packing up and prepare for your perfect Peruvian history exploration at these wonderful museums.◆Larco MuseumStepping inside, visitors get to learn the 5000-year history of Peru through an unbelievable collection of objects. The best thing about the museum is that it keeps the door to the Storeroom open to visitors so that they can admire its collection closely.◆Gold Museum of PeruIf you like shiny objects or precious metals, then plan a trip to Gold Museum of Peru, I ancient times, the Peruvian people were celebrated for their skills with metals And the museum is aimed at preserving this heritage.◆Lima Art MuseumArt experts are much pleased as the city is also home to Lima Art Museum. Its permanent exhibit of over 1,200 pieces is merely a small part of its amazing collection more than 17,000 artifacts. The highlight of the museum is its collection of Carlos Baca-Flor masterpieces, which is considered to be the most complete set in the world.◆Museum of Italian ArtThe only museum dedicated to European art in Peru, Museum of Italian Art is a storehouse of classical and contemporary paintings and sculptures belonging to the 20th century. The property is easily accessible by a short walk from Lima Art Museum.◆Museum of Natural HistoryLast but certainly not the least is the Museum of Natural History. Giving a glimpse into the rich biodiversity in Peru, the museum has on display the skeletons of a sperm whale and fossils of several mammals.21. In which museum can visitors enter the Storeroom?A. Larco Museum.B. Gold Museum of Peru.C. Lima Art Museum.D. Museum of Natural History.22. What makes Gold Museum of Peru different from other museums?A. Its exhibit of diversities of animals.B. Its large collection of objects.C. Its classical paintings and sculptures.D. Its display of Peruvian skills with metals.23. Which museum is the closest to Lima Art Museum?A. Museum of Natural History.B. Museum of Italian Art.C. Larco Museum.1。
【高三英语试题精选】2018南昌二中高考英语第十一次模拟试卷(有答案)
2018南昌二中高考英语第十一次模拟试卷（有答案） COM - a striking contrast(对比)to my daily experiencesTwenty five years later, I, a recent immigrant to the US with a daughter aged 12, stood in front of another librarian This librarian was 40 “What did she say?” I asked my daughter, who already knea little English and often 41 as my interpreter “She said, ‘Can I help you？’”“Ask if they have any books in 42 ,”I requested“No, they don’t” translated my daughterWhile hunting for a job, I was told that the library needed people to 43 books The intervieas short－the job didn’t require much English, just a knowledge of the alphabet(字母表) I started the next day Every day, I 44 hundreds of books whose meaning was hidden from me, mentally dividing them 45 size and color One day, while shelving, I came across English for Beginners and began studying it on my own 46 English letters started forming words that I could 47 , words bined into phrases, and oh my dear! I was reading It was a slo48 , supported by dictionaries and acpanied by tears, but it was doing a wonder Afterwards I got promoted to the front desk－ 49 books in and out and answering simple questionsEvery day I receive dozens of people 50 I spot neimmigrants They e from all over the world Although they look different, the hesitant expression on their faces and their shy manners are 51 My heart goes all out to them, 52 they are people like me I fully understand the 53 roads on which they have stepped “They’ve e to the right place,” I think to 54 Then I smile and say—just the 55 a librarian said to me a long time ago —。
北京市人大附中2018届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷(含答案)
人大附中2018届高三第二次模拟考试卷英语注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A（广东佛山市2018届高三第一次教学质量检测）High school and college are periods of ever-expanding responsibility for students. You can get help from some practical apps. Check out these apps to get a head-start on being on top of your life!Sleep Cycle alarm clock (free; iOS, Android)Getting enough sleep is essential to getting a good education, but waking up rested isn’t just about how much you sleep; it’s about where you are in your sleep cycle when you wake up. Sleep Cycle uses your phone’s microphone and/or accelerometer to analyze your sleeping patterns and wake you up at the best time, when you’re in your lightest sleep state(within a window that you set, so that you’re no t late). myHomework Student Planner(free; iOS, Android, Windows)The myHomework Student Planner is available on wide variety of platforms so that you can stay organized wherever you are. You can keep track of your class schedule and homework, get reminders for upcoming tests, and sync it across all of your platforms. There’s also a premium version for $4.99 that takes away the ads, gives you more themes, lets you add file attachments, and integrates access to external calendars.Circle of 6(free; iOS, Android)Circle of 6 is an innovative safety app that connects you to six of your most trusted friends (your “circle”) and helps you keep track of each other. If you’re feeling scared about a situation you’re in you can send a per-programmed text to your circle with just two taps, and it will include your exact location. This could also be used by younger students to discreetly let their parents know that they’re in an uncomfortable situation and want to be picked up.Goodbudget(free; iOS, Android)Goodbudget ca n divide your money into virtual “envelopes” for things like Groceries, Transportation, Entertainment, Gas, and whatever else you need to budget for. The free version includes 10 regular envelopes plus syncing across two devices. Or you can move to a premium subscription(溢价认购)($5/month, $45/year)for more envelopes, five devices, and a five-year transaction history.21. Which of the following is NOT true?A. All of the four apps can be used free of chargeB. Sleep Cycle alarm clock can make you sleep as much as possibleC. myHomework Student Planner can be used on computers and cellphonesD. Goodbudget can help you use your money wisely22. The app Goodbudge with a premium subscription for six months costs __________.A. $5B. $22.5C. $30D. $4523. Which might be the most useful for a primary school student who walks to the school alone every day?A. Sleep Cycle alarm clock(free; iOS, Android)B. myHomework Student Planner(free; iOS, Android, Windows)C. Circle of 6(free; iOS, Android)D. Goodbudget(free; iOS, Android)B（广西桂梧高中2018届高三第五次联考）Summer heat can be dangerous, and heat leads to tragedy far too often. According to kidsandcars, org, an average of 37 young children per year die of car heat in the US, when they are accidentally left in a hot vehicle.For Bishop Curry, a fifth grader from Mckinney, Texas, one such incident hit close to home. A six-month-old baby from his neighborhood died after hours in a hot car. After hearing about her death, Curry decided that something needed to be done. Young Curry, who turned 11 this year, has always had a knack for inventing things, and he drew up a sketch(草图) of a device he called “Oasis.”The device would attach to carseats and watch the temperature inside the car. If it reached a certain temperature in the car, and the device sensed a child in the carseat, it would begin to circulate cool air. Curry also designs the device using GPS and Wi-Fi technology, which would alarm the child’s parents and, if there was no response from them, the police.Curry’s father believes that the invention has potential. “The cool thing about Bishop’s thinking is none of this technology is new,” he said. “We feel like the way he’s thinking and combining all these technologies will get to production faster.” His father even intr oduced the device to Toyota, where he works as an engineer. The company was so impressed that they sent Curry and his father to a car safety conference in Michigan.In January, Curry’s father launched a campaign for the invention. They hope to raise money to finalize the patent, build models, and find a manufacturer. Their goal was $20,000, but so many people believed in Oasis’ potential that they have raised more than twice that--over $46,000.Curry’s father remembers the first time he saw his son’s sketch. “I was so proud of him for thinking ofa solution,” he said. “We always just complain about things and rarely offer solutions.”24. What inspired Curry to invent Oasis?A. His narrow escape from death after being locked in a carB. His knowledge of many children’s death because of car heatC. The death of his neighbor’s baby after being left in a hot carD. The injury of 37 children in his school in a car accident25. What would Oasis do if it was hot in a car with a child?A. It would inform the parents or even the policeB. It would pump out the hot air in the carC. It would sound the alarm attached to the carD. It would get the window open to save the child26. What does Curry’s father think is cool about Curry’s invention?A. It used some of the most advanced technologyB. It simply combined technologies that existedC. It could accelerate production of new technologyD. It is the most advanced among similar products27. Why did Curry’s father start a campaign to raise money?A. To conduct experiments to test the inventionB. To get other children devoted to inventionsC. To support a charity of medical aid for childrenD. To get the patent and bring it to productionC（江西名校学术联盟2018届高三教学质量检测二）Reducing plastic waste isn’t easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item. Now, a delicious and nutritious solution has come up to help reduce our dependence on this environmental hazard.David Christian, the co-founder of Evoware, says the idea of creating the biodegradable (生物降解的) produ cts came from concern at the country’s high pollution rate. Indonesia is home to four of the world’s worst polluted rivers. Since single-use packaging is a large contributor to the problem, Evoware decided to deal with that first.After investigating various materials, the company settled on seaweed. Unlike com, commonly used for biodegradable containers, seaweed does not require resources like water or large amounts of space. Since Indonesian farmers already harvest more seaweed than they can sell, it’s ea sy for the company to find the material.Though they will not reveal their production process, Evoware says the seaweed packaging containsno chemicals and is safe to consume. The company has also invented single-use cups, which can break down 30 days afte r they’re thrown away.While replacing plastic with the seaweed products may seem appealing to most of us, it is a hard-sell in Indonesia. According to Christian, “The awareness to reduce single-use plastic is still very low. This makes our bioplastic unne cessary.” Also a factor is the cost, which is higher than using plastic. Hopefully, Evoware will succeed in convincing Indonesians and people worldwide that switching to their products will be helpful to protecting our beautiful planet.28. What problem did Evoware decide to deal with first?A. Ways to clean the four worst polluted rivers.B. Means to contribute to the country’s economy.C. How to deal with single-use packaging.D. What nutritious materials for people to use.29. Why did Evoware choose seaweed?A. It didn’t require much space and was easy to get.B. It could be found everywhere in his country.C. It was most commonly used for packaging.D. It grew thickly in most of the polluted rivers.30. What can we infer from Christian’s words?A. Their seaweed products have won government support.B. Their new products have received wordwide popularity.C. The cost of making seaweed products will be lowered soon.D. Sometimes it’s hard to get people to reduce the use of plastics.31. What does the underlined word “hard-sell” (in Para. 5) refer to?A. Something lasting long.B. Something hard to accept.C. Something easy to get.D. Something commonly seen.DA large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sights, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weaken Willpower at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strengthsThe evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In oth er words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maint ain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.32. From the studies in the passage we learn that .A. people have unlimited self-controlB. high motivation ensures one's successC. willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD. too many temptations often lead to failure33. The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. make use ofB. run out ofC. buildD. increase34. The author compares self –control to muscles .A. to prove the long-term effect of willpowerB. to show the significance of regular exerciseC. to argue that self-control can he easily used upD. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control35. To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.”B. “I will set three goals this new semester.”C. “I will keep myself from any temptation.”D. “I will read an English novel every month.”第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
高三英语二模语法填空及十一选十
高三二模语法填空及十一选十(1)选词填空改编为十一选十It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on (1)______experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires (2)_______ understanding, clear explanation and concise presentation. Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public (3)_______ and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is (4)_______ and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to (5)_______ scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States (6)_______ nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development, (7)_______ decades of economic growth. By 2008，the figure had fallen into the single (8)_______. This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California (UC), we (9)_______ ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To (10)______ the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.【答案】GBACI DKEJF(2)长篇阅读改编为六选四--part3When it comes to the hyper-connected（超高速连接的）super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy（不安的）about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized（定制的）solutions that companies need to improve their services. (1)____________.Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very（真正的）heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”~or, perhaps more tellingly（更显著地）, “Why do you need to know that?”dogs（长期困扰）the steps of many new ventures（投资项目）. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. (2)____________. And the survey found flat demand（萎靡的需求）for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.(3)____________. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions（联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会）, this year’slist of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary（交通部部长）Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator（联邦航空管理局局长）Michael Huerta, to talk about drones. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility（不兼容性）in the rate at which these are advancing relative to（与...比较起来）the way we，re-digesting it,” he said. “(4)____________. We have to understand and think about the implications（含义）, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”【答案】CDBE（3）仔细阅读改编语法填空Passage OneThe Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year (1)_______(herald) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders,” causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while (2)_______(incur) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders,” who are suffering from the climate change impacts (3)_______ having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of (4)_______ are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker isfortunate enough (5)_______(smoke) in good health.The Pairs agreement (6)_______(hail) widely as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice”(7)_______ be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges (8)_______(submit) by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement (9)_______ we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide (10)_______ they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.【答案】1.heralded 2.incurring 3.despite 4.which 5.to smoke 6.has been hailed 7.can 8.submitted 9.if 10.whetherPassage TwoTeenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors---drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school---(1)_______ alert parents and teachersthat serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors usually (2)_______(not see) as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. “In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling (3)_______ the cracks,” say researcher Vladimir Carli. “(4)_______ most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.”The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was (5)_______(determine) the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated (6)_______ or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk” group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.” The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, (7)_______(compare) with just 4% of the low-risk group.(8)_______ the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,” he says, “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large---nearly one third of our sample---(9)______ is became a key finding of the study.”Carli says that one of (10)_______(significant) things about his study is that itprovides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.【答案】1.can 2.aren’t seen 3.through 4.While 5.to determine 6.none pared 8.But 9.that 10.the most significant。
2018西城高三二模英语试题及答案(原版)
西城区高三模拟测试英语2018.5本试卷共9页，共120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A．What’s more B．That’s to sayC．In other words D．Believe it or not答案是D。
1. —T ed’s flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _____ be very tired after such along trip.—Yes, especially after working all night before the flight.A. mustB. needC. mightD. dare页脚内容12. _____ there is still a long way to go, we believe that the doctor-patient relationship in China is gradually improving.A. BecauseB. UnlessC. AlthoughD. Once3. A new engineer was appointed to deal with the products _____ by customers.A. returningB. returnedC. to returnD. return4. Astronomers have discovered that three planets have sizes and temperatures similar to _____ of Earth.A. themB. theseC. thoseD. ones5. —Honey, shall we adopt a dog?—Adopting a pet depends on _____ we have the ability to care for it. Actually. we are so busy.A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. what6. _____ your strengths and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.A. KnownB. KnowC. KnowingD. Being known7. —Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up?—Yes, I am sure he _____ on the platform when we pull into the station.A. standsB. stoodC. has stoodD. will be standing页脚内容28. With a science project _____, Kevin spent his entire weekend in the library.A. to completeB. having completedC. completingD. completed9. The moment _____ I learned the results of the competition was one of the happiest times in my life.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. why10. Last year, every employee in our company _____ a physical examination free of charge.A. offeredB. was offeredC. has offeredD. had been offered11. —It’s so convenient to use cell phones to pay the subway fare.—Yes. _____ thought of the idea is really brilliant.A. WhereverB. WheneverC. WhateverD. Whoever12. Upon arriving home, Lily found that her husband _____ a beautiful candlelight dinner.A. had preparedB. is preparingC. has preparedD. would prepare13. When _____, the new bridge will reduce travel time between the two cities from two hours tothirty minutes.A. builtB. buildingC. buildD. to build页脚内容314. If it had not been for the kind guide, we _____ our way in the mountains.A. would loseB. had lostC. would have lostD. lost15. —By the time we _____ to the movie theater, the tickets may be sold out.—Don’t worry. I told Jane we might be late and she will buy our tickets.A. gotB. had gotC. will getD. get第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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2018届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2018黄浦二模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.approachB.architecturalC.capturedplicatedE.defensiveF.definedG.extension H.houses I.reflect J.shades K.statusWhy India’s ‘Pink City’ is a Photographer’s HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India’s wonders. It __31__ some of the country’s most decorative royal palaces—elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several __32__ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron（网格状）city planning.A romantic dusty pink type—which has __33__ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink to welcome Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert—gives Jaipur its __34__ as the “Pink City”. This __35__ beaut y is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair—who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them—said that the images they __36__ in Jaipur received a lot of response online. “A lot of our followers hadn’t seen this side of India, so we’re happy we were able to show this side of the country.” Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city’s most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its buildings. “The first gates you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different __37__ of the color—from bright pinks to reddish browns.”The building is a(n) __38__ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal women to observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng’s most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building’s lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different __39__ to editing than with images of other cities. “I toned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality,” he said, “I wanted the photos to __40__ the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone.”答案：31-35HEFKB36-40CJGAI易错题：31.house作动词“收容”用。
2、2018普陀二模Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the __31__ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知), __32__ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development __33__ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India’s recent pollution emergency is the most __34__ incidence (发生率) of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing __35__ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —__36__ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100,000 __37__ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally __38__ longitudinal (纵向) surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39__ multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day __40__ to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.答案：31-35 E J K B A 36-40 D I G H C易错题：38. representative作形容词用“有代表性的，典型的”。
3、2018徐汇二模A. alarmingB. propertiesC. revealedD. invasiveE. rescueF. instrumentalG. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiativesBefore science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. V olunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.答案：31-40 JGBAK DHFCI易错题：38.instrumental“有帮助的”；40题concerned“担忧的”作前置定语，“有关的”作后置定语。